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In the evaluation stage, the scopophobic individual would describe their fear to the therapist and try to find out when and why this fear developed. The feedback stage is when the therapist offers a way of treating the phobia. A fear hierarchy is then developed, where the individual creates a list of
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character SCP-096 is a humanoid monster that expresses great distress and reacts violently whenever its face is seen through any medium, relentlessly hunting down and killing whoever views it, either in person or through a photograph or video footage; when it is necessary to present 096’s appearance
393:
of being seen and a shamefacedness, which one sees in asylums. We called it scopophobia — a morbid dread of being seen. In minor degree, it is morbid shamefacedness, and the patient covers the face with his or her hands. In greater degree, the patient will shun the visitor and escape from his
321:
scenarios involving their fear, with each one becoming worse and worse. Exposure involves the individual being exposed to the scenarios and situations in their fear hierarchy. Finally, building is when the patient, comfortable with one step, moves on to the next.
230:, because it is a specific occurrence which takes place in a social setting. Most phobias typically fall in either one category or the other but scopophobia can be placed in both. On the other hand, as with most phobias, scopophobia generally arises from a
234:
event in the person's life. With scopophobia, it is likely that the person was subjected to public ridicule as a child. Additionally, a person with scopophobia may often be the subject to public staring, possibly due to a physical disability.
238:
According to the Social Phobia/Social
Anxiety Association, U.S. government data for 2012 suggests that social anxiety affects over 7% of the population at any given time. Stretched over a lifetime, the percentage increases to 13%.
294:, the patient is stared at for a prolonged period and then describes their feelings. The hope is that the individual will either be desensitized to being stared at or will discover the root of their scopophobia.
324:
As with many human health problems support groups exist for scopophobic individuals. Being around other people who face the same issues can often create a more comfortable environment.
374:. He used this term to describe patients of his who exhibited a fear of being observed as they were participating in daily activities such as talking, playing the piano or writing.
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and other psychiatric disorders. It is not considered indicative of other disorders, but is rather considered as a psychological problem that may be treated independently.
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140:. Some examples include: Being introduced to new people, being teased and/or criticized, embarrassing easily, and even answering a cell phone call in public.
359:
Phobias have a long history. The concept of social phobias was referred to as long ago as 400 B.C. One of the first references to scopophobia was by
414:
175:. Scopophobia has been related to many other irrational fears and phobias. Specific phobias and syndromes that are similar to scopophobia include
72:
and other psychiatric disorders. Often, scopophobia will result in symptoms common with other anxiety disorders. Scopophobia is considered both a
435:
has scopophobia, but her symptoms are alleviated by her wearing special glasses which digitally censor the eyes of whomever she looks at.
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who commented on an overly-shy individual, explaining that such a person "loves darkness as light" and "thinks every man observes him.”
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422:
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Later in the same paper (p. 285) scopophobia is defined as "a fear of seeing people or being seen, especially of strange faces".
339:. In extreme cases of scopophobia, it is possible for the subject to be prescribed anti–anxiety medications. Medications may include
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has the condition, wearing his hair long to avoid eye contact, and breaking down crying when he notices people staring at him.
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187:'s fear of being looked at, which may itself precipitate such an attack. Scopophobia is also commonly associated with
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Individuals with scopophobia generally exhibit symptoms in social situations when attention is brought upon them like
68:'s fear of being looked at, which may itself precipitate such an attack. Scopophobia is also commonly associated with
263:" and "the function of observing and criticizing the self" during his research into the "eye" and "transformed I's."
574:
163:, muscle tension, dizziness, uncontrollable shaking or trembling, excessive eye watering and redness of the eyes.
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In some explanations, the equation of being looked at with a feeling of being criticized or despised reveals
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suggested that shying away from casual glances in the street remained one of the characteristic symptoms of
171:
Though scopophobia is a solitary disorder, many individuals with scopophobia also commonly experience other
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in a visual medium, this is typically avoided via showing an artistic depiction to prevent direct viewing.
255:, psychoanalysts have linked scopophobia to a (repressed) fear of looking, as well as to an inhibition of
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or her sight where this is possible. Scopophobia is more often manifest among women than among men.
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Spotligectophobia is unique among phobias in that the fear of being looked at is considered both a
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Leora R. Heckleman, Franklin S. Schneierer; Social Phobia
Diagnosis, Assessment, Treatment. 1995
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Henelly Jr., Mark (September 1998). "The 'Surveillance of
Desiree': Freud, Foucault, and
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455:, are said to possibly have scopophobia, as it becomes hostile when looked in the eyes.
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151:, feelings of terror, feelings of dread, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, nausea,
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are a race of beings so ashamed of their ugliness that they never appear in daylight.
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937:"The Alienist and Neurologist", edited by Charles Hamilton Hughes, 1906,
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There are several options for treatment of scopophobia. With one option,
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282:, shame may exacerbate feelings of erythrophobia and scopophobia.
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147:. The symptoms of scopophobia include an irrational feelings of
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Often scopophobia will result in symptoms common with other
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http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/scopophobia
577:. Social Phobia/Social Anxiety Association. Archived from
112:, "eye". Another, lesser known, term for this disorder is
300:, another treatment commonly prescribed, has five steps:
214:, is the excessive enjoyment of looking at erotic items.
259:. Freud also referred to scopophobia as a "dread of the
202:
in public. Many scopophobia patients develop habits of
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642:
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The character Ryoshi Morino in the light novel series
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of adolescence, with its increasing awareness of the
860:"Phobia's: Scopophobia, The Fear of Being Stared At"
183:(which is found especially in young people), and an
724:"Phobias: Scopophobia, The Fear of Being Stared At"
327:Other suggested treatments for scopophobia include
370:) was first coined in 1903 by French psychiatrist
270:as a motivating force behind scopophobia. In the
210:. Another related, yet very different syndrome,
837:"Treatment and Cure: Two Very Different Things"
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159:. Other symptoms related to scopophobia may be
477:Ideas of reference and delusions of reference
8:
905:"A Brief History of Social Anxiety Disorder"
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717:
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446:The Endermen, mobs found in the Swedish
136:. Several other triggers exist to cause
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557:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
541:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
525:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
772:The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis
7:
672:Neuropsychiatric Issues in Epilepsy
510:The Free Medical Dictionary, 2012,
14:
790:Victorian Literature and Culture
100:, "look to, examine", and φόβος
19:For the video by Therapy?, see
108:comes from the Greek ὀφθαλμός
45:characterized by an excessive
1:
687:. The Free Medical Dictionary
383:The Alienist and Neurologist
333:neuro-linguistic programming
251:'s concept of the eye as an
575:"Social Anxiety Fact Sheet"
310:Developing a fear hierarchy
49:of being seen in public or
1011:
366:The term "social phobia" (
116:, a humorous blend of the
18:
839:. Change That's Right Now
802:10.1017/s1060150300002497
623:"Symptoms of Scopophobia"
385:, described scopophobia:
155:, trembling, anxiety and
56:Similar phobias include
882:"Scopophobia Treatment"
559:A Greek-English Lexicon
543:A Greek-English Lexicon
527:A Greek-English Lexicon
278:as constitutive of the
120:and the combining form
16:Fear of being stared at
670:M. Matsuura/Y. Inoue,
652:. All About Counseling
601:"What is Scopophobia?"
396:
960:The Neverending Story
410:The Neverending Story
243:Psychoanalytic views
995:Situational phobias
759:The Fear of Looking
707:Relations in Public
581:on 12 November 2012
21:Scopophobia (video)
884:. Phobia Treatment
402:In popular culture
280:looking glass self
272:self-consciousness
128:Signs and symptoms
84:Origin of the term
472:Generalized other
389:Then, there is a
337:energy psychology
173:anxiety disorders
167:Related syndromes
145:anxiety disorders
114:spotligectophobia
27:Spotligectophobia
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298:Exposure therapy
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345:antidepressants
341:benzodiazepines
292:desensitization
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228:specific phobia
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134:public speaking
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106:Ophthalmophobia
92:comes from the
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53:at by others.
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746:On Sexuality
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583:. Retrieved
579:the original
561:, on Perseus
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492:Stage fright
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377:In 1906 the
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907:. About.Com
761:(1974) p. 6
674:(2010) p.??
432:Active Raid
379:psychiatric
361:Hippocrates
335:(NLP), and
212:scopophilia
90:scopophobia
31:scopophobia
911:8 November
888:8 November
866:30 October
843:8 November
730:8 November
691:8 November
656:8 November
629:8 November
607:8 November
585:8 November
499:References
304:Evaluation
286:Treatments
110:ophthalmos
104:, "fear".
975:Moss Hart
452:Minecraft
423:Okami-san
232:traumatic
204:voyeurism
200:psychosis
185:epileptic
157:avoidance
153:dry mouth
88:The term
66:epileptic
64:, and an
989:Category
786:Villette
555:ὀφθαλμός
460:See also
381:journal
316:Building
313:Exposure
307:Feedback
261:evil eye
181:blushing
62:blushing
862:. Yahoo
726:. Yahoo
415:Acharis
355:History
122:-phobia
96:σκοπέω
947:Google
943:p. 285
939:p. 165
523:σκοπέω
413:, the
226:and a
218:Causes
102:phobos
98:skopeō
76:and a
51:stared
41:is an
539:φόβος
347:, or
276:Other
268:shame
249:Freud
149:panic
94:Greek
913:2012
890:2012
868:2012
845:2012
732:2012
693:2012
658:2012
631:2012
609:2012
587:2012
467:Gaze
438:The
391:fear
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798:doi
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