90:
62:
83:
55:
483:, whose analysis suggests that this particular child has received 7 months of breastfeeding and supplementation for additional 7 months, which adds up to roughly 14 months of breastfeeding. This cycle is indeed longer than that of some contemporary human cultures, which implies that Neanderthal children might have grown up faster, a process that began only after the stages of early infancy.
38:
533:
has established an educational mission in consequence of the prolonged, intense and insightful study of the site and the enormous implications of the acquired information and data. The idea is to correctly inform about prehistory, deemed to be still perceived as nebulous and mythical by the general
512:
in pursuits of worldwide expansion. One large game evident in the diets of
Scladina Neanderthals is bear. Several bear bones were found amongst other stone tools and modifiers within the Scladina cave site. Wear marks on the bones, 4 of the 6 bear bone tools which originated from a single
1025:
Charters, Daniel; Brown, Richard P.; Abrams, Grégory; Bonjean, Dominique; De Groote, Isabelle; Meloro, Carlo (February 2022). "Morphological evolution of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) mandibular molars: coordinated size and shape changes through the
Scladina Cave chronostratigraphy".
534:
public. The site and its documentation center are open to the public all year round. Private groups, school classes are permanently granted access to the cave, the laboratory, the museum gallery with multimedia program rooms, accompanied by the researchers and scientists themselves.
341:
of layer 5 is considered to be instrumental for a deeper understanding of the
Mousterian settlements in the region and future studies might support the acquisition of a more accurate chronology and help to draw a more complete image of the contemporary environment of the site.
426:
children had a faster rate of dental development than modern human children as well as other aspects of physical development were likely to be more rapid in juvenile
Neanderthals, such as a quicker onset of sexual maturity and different and faster patterns of early
329:
remains. After the initially clearing of the entrance the excavations uncovered two strata of
Neanderthal occupation, the oldest dating back 130,000 years. The sediments yielded artifacts and Mousterian stone tools, the earliest were attributed to the
422:. Initially it was suggested that the Scladina child was 2 to 4 years older than current estimates, based upon traditional assessments of the progressive dental development. Results of an international research collaboration allow the proposal that
365:
between 5,300 and 2,000 years ago. Continued excavations since 1978 have produced a steady stream of findings that culminated in the discovery of the remarkable Sclayn child fossils in 1993. Sclayn cave site has been classified as a
725:
Bates, Martin; Bates, Richard; Blinkhorn, Ed; Gamble, Clive; McNabb, John; Julien, Marie Anne; Pope, Matt; Shaw, Andy (2014). "Neanderthals of the
Channel River Valley: New Research at La Cotte de St Brelade, Jersey".
690:, Marylène; Bonjean, Dominique; Otte, Marcel; Mariotti, André (November 1997). "Paleobiological Implications of the Isotopic Signatures (13C,15N) of Fossil Mammal Collagen in Scladina Cave (Sclayn, Belgium)".
972:
El
Zaatari, Sireen; Grine, Frederick E.; Ungar, Peter S.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (October 2011). "Ecogeographic variation in Neandertal dietary habits: Evidence from occlusal molar microwear texture analysis".
1410:
2320:
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Orlando, Ludovic; Darlu, Pierre; Toussaint, Michel; Bonjean, Dominique; Otte, Marcel; Hänni, Catherine (June 2006). "Revisiting
Neandertal diversity with a 100,000 year old mtDNA sequence".
915:
Austin, Christine; Smith, Tanya M.; Bradman, Asa; Hinde, Katie; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Bishop, David; Hare, Dominic J.; Doble, Philip; Eskenazi, Brenda; Arora, Manish (13 June 2013).
386:, was found on 16 July 1993. A maxillary fragment and several teeth of the child were excavated in subsequent campaigns. A genetic sample was successfully extracted from one of the
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568:"The exploitation of quartzite in Layer 5 (Mousterian) of Scladina cave (Wallonia, Belgium): flexibility and dynamics of concepts of debitage in the Middle Palaeolithic"
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children (wherein sexual onset may have occurred up to 4 years sooner) puts
Neanderthal development patterns at a progressive stage in between modern
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than in humans and varies among human populations. The study of the child turned out to support the idea that extremely prolonged duration of
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village, being one of a number of caves in the middle Meuse river region, where significant paleontological discoveries were made as in the
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476:. This trend suggests to many scientists the necessary prevalence of differing patterns of behavioral and social development as well.
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north-western Europe. Two
Neanderthal occupation sites were identified, one dated to be 130,000 years old and the other 40,000 years.
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and a relatively recent development in human evolution. Although the matter is still debated, the more rapid development apparent in
450:. Some scholars, though debate universal periods of anterior tooth growth, as it is known that anterior tooth growth takes longer in
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is related to overall physiological development, noticeable as the first molar eruption coincides - universally across the
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Smith, Tanya M.; Toussaint, Michel; Reid, Donald J.; Olejniczak, Anthony J.; Hublin, Jean-Jacques (18 December 2007).
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infrequently occupied the site between 32,000 and 9,000 years ago and used the site as a burial place during the late
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remains and the sediments have the site allowed to become a point of reference in climatic evolution studies of
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A single tooth of another Neanderthal infant, also found at the site, was analysed by Christine Austin and
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Middle Palaeolithic in North-West Europe: Multidisciplinary Approaches: Book of Abstracts
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XV World Congress of the International Union for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences
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Dated to be around 127,000 years old, the first fragment of the now nearly complete
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began to direct the excavations. Since the site has yielded numerous artifacts of
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917:"Barium distributions in teeth reveal early-life dietary transitions in primates"
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642:"100,000 Year-old DNA Sequence Allows New Look At Neandertal's Genetic Diversity"
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Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
789:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Neanderthal diet consisted to over 70% of meat, unlike that of contemporary
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299:. The caves in the area have undergone systematic exploration since 1949.
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2017:
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574:. BAR International Series. Vol. 1998. Archaeopress. pp. 33–41.
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fossil and has significantly contributed to the genetic mapping of the
399:
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133:
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37:
785:"Rapid dental development in a Middle Paleolithic Belgian Neanderthal"
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1977:
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stage, whereas the upsurge of the third molar indicates the onset of
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The child's DNA is one of the oldest to have been extracted from a
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Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site
1128:
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391:
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Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
665:"WALLONIE.MUSEUM - Scladina Cave and Archaeological Centre"
283:
The Scladina cave is located on a hill to the right of the
1011:
861:
Lone Survivors: How We Came to Be the Only Humans on Earth
345:
The remarkably good state of preservation of the fossils,
500:
societies. although some cooked vegetables are evident.
566:
Di Modica, Kévin; Bonjean, Dominique (September 2006).
561:
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312:
Scientific Council of the Prehistory Department of the
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396:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
1028:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
517:, exhibit abrasion traits that classify them as
374:on 27 May 2009 and is since open to the public.
5200:
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8:
21:
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2717:
1138:
1125:
1093:Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and
1085:
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1063:
659:
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20:
948:
838:"Neanderthals Grew Up Faster than Humans"
818:
808:
750:"UNCOVERING THE SECRETS OF SCLADINA CAVE"
607:
121:near village of Sclayn, Province of Namur
3860:Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site
1020:The Scladina cave Archéologie Andennaise
302:Scladina Cave was discovered in 1971 by
16:Caves and archaeological site in Belgium
5907:Tourist attractions in Namur (province)
555:
504:techniques, made superior by extensive
472:and that of earlier species, such as
390:at a specific laboratory for ancient
7:
1012:Scladina Cave Archaeological Center
865:. Henry Holt and Company. pp.
836:Andrea Thompson (4 December 2007).
686:Bocherens, Hervé; Billiou, Daniel;
442:phylum - with the beginning of the
434:The study further elaborates, that
14:
2248:Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica
1411:Vézère Valley World Heritage Site
1206:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
904:(Press release). 4 December 2007.
857:Stringer, Chris (13 March 2012).
267:remains of an especially ancient
89:
88:
81:
61:
60:
53:
36:
5887:Archaeological sites in Belgium
5877:1971 archaeological discoveries
544:List of human evolution fossils
308:Archaeological Circle Sclaynois
226:of ASBL Archéologie Andennaise
1:
5902:Landforms of Namur (province)
648:(Press release). 7 June 2006.
5922:Prehistoric sites in Belgium
5354:Southwest Asian Neanderthals
1048:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110787
987:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.05.004
2436:Other caves with decoration
1518:Other caves with decoration
1440:Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
1116:Caves containing pictograms
898:"Neanderthal bearing teeth"
531:ASBL Archéologie Andennaise
321:Neanderthal origin, amidst
5948:
5744:Neanderthal genome project
2420:Other World Heritage Sites
1507:Other World Heritage Sites
1106:Paleoanthropological sites
975:Journal of Human Evolution
406:Physiology and development
378:Scladina Neanderthal child
325:of stone tools, bones and
287:river bank, south-west of
5897:Wallonia's Major Heritage
5749:In Search of Lost Genomes
5388:Intermediate (250–130 ka)
5156:
4799:
4786:
4127:
4110:
3575:
3562:
2729:
2716:
1137:
1124:
1101:
667:. Portail.wallonie.museum
618:10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.019
275:were discovered in 1993.
47:
35:
26:
5837:The Neanderthal Parallax
5473:Krapina Neanderthal site
5433:La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1
5084:Northern Mariana Islands
418:and the comparison with
263:stone artifacts and the
902:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
810:10.1073/pnas.0707051104
730:(Abstract). p. 9.
5349:Gibraltar Neanderthals
3608:Manyana Rock Paintings
1659:La Chapelle-aux-Saints
736:10.13140/2.1.4426.9769
712:10.1006/qres.1997.1927
368:national heritage site
5882:Show caves in Belgium
5257:Homo neanderthalensis
4171:Actun Tunichil Muknal
487:Behavior and tool use
466:Homo neanderthalensis
429:cognitive development
424:Homo neanderthalensis
412:Homo neanderthalensis
215:Excavation dates
110:Alternative name
5683:Contemporary species
5610:Fossils with claimed
5458:Saccopastore 1 and 2
5251:Homo heidelbergensis
3745:Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa
2685:Red Lady of Paviland
1577:Mayrières supérieure
394:and analyzed at the
202:Associated with
161:50.48389°N 5.02556°E
5855:Prehistoric Autopsy
5800:The Ugly Little Boy
5787:The Neanderthal Man
5395:Saccopastore skulls
5333:Levallois technique
4560:Colorado Millennial
3198:Shiraho Saonetabaru
2002:Bukuroshja e Fjetur
1040:2022PPP...587k0787C
941:10.1038/nature12169
933:2013Natur.498..216A
801:2007PNAS..10420220S
795:(51): 20220–20225.
704:1997QuRes..48..370B
692:Quaternary Research
332:Middle Palaeolithic
314:University of Liège
241:archaeological site
157: /
72:Show map of Belgium
69:Location in Belgium
23:
5811:Dance of the Tiger
5805:Neanderthal Planet
5770:The Quest for Fire
5739:Neanderthal Museum
5621:H. heidelbergensis
5612:Neanderthal traits
4378:Dominican Republic
4139:Cueva de las Manos
3035:Huto and Kamarband
2445:Barranc del Migdia
2331:Caves in Cantabria
1755:Hohlenstein-Stadel
1562:Grotte de Gabillou
1547:La Chaire a Calvin
448:sexual development
416:Neanderthal genome
279:Scladina cave site
100:Show map of Europe
29:Grotte de Scladina
5912:Neanderthal sites
5892:Caves of Wallonia
5864:
5863:
5703:Homo floresiensis
5678:
5677:
5605:
5604:
5443:La Quina 5 and 18
5364:Notable specimens
5342:Regional variants
5182:
5181:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5147:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4295:Piedras del Tunjo
4227:Toca da Tira Peia
4106:
4105:
4102:
4101:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3553:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2348:Hornos de la Peña
927:(7453): 216–219.
602:(11): R400–R402.
519:lithic retouchers
456:human development
436:tooth development
230:
229:
166:50.48389; 5.02556
97:Scladina (Europe)
5939:
5818:Earth's Children
5734:Excavation sites
5630:Bontnewydd tooth
5616:
5531:range (50–40 ka)
5372:Archaic (430 ka)
5369:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5186:
5101:Papua New Guinea
4801:
4788:
4740:Stanfield-Worley
4715:Rockhouse Cliffs
4129:
4112:
3980:Howieson's Poort
3677:Enkapune Ya Muto
3577:
3564:
3030:Eshkaft-e Siahoo
2731:
2718:
2485:Peñas de Cabrera
1785:Kleine Feldhofer
1745:Geissenklösterle
1597:Roc-aux-Sorciers
1139:
1126:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1064:
1059:
1016:
999:
998:
969:
963:
962:
952:
912:
906:
905:
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
864:
854:
848:
845:
832:
822:
812:
780:
765:
764:
762:
760:
754:
746:
740:
739:
722:
716:
715:
683:
677:
676:
674:
672:
661:
652:
649:
637:
611:
591:
576:
575:
563:
525:Public education
172:
171:
169:
168:
167:
162:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
101:
92:
91:
85:
73:
64:
63:
57:
40:
24:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5917:Limestone caves
5867:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5842:
5781:The Grisly Folk
5761:Popular culture
5755:
5722:
5674:
5665:Peștera cu Oase
5649:
5611:
5601:
5582:Saint-Césaire 1
5530:
5521:
5415:
5409:
5383:
5358:
5337:
5323:Châtelperronian
5306:Tool traditions
5301:
5289:Admixture with
5262:
5245:Homo antecessor
5218:
5213:
5183:
5178:
5144:
5128:
5112:
5096:
5078:
5057:
5039:
5023:
4995:
4911:Mackintosh 90/1
4831:Beginner's Luck
4795:
4774:
4590:Dutchess Quarry
4530:Arnold Research
4518:
4502:
4461:
4405:
4389:
4373:
4355:
4314:
4273:
4252:
4231:
4185:
4181:Midnight Terror
4159:
4143:
4123:
4098:
4082:
4061:
4045:
4019:
3848:
3822:
3806:
3785:
3769:
3760:Kelif el Boroud
3723:
3702:
3686:
3665:
3644:
3628:
3612:
3591:
3571:
3550:
3529:
3508:
3482:
3470:
3444:
3413:
3377:
3359:
3343:
3327:
3311:
3295:
3249:
3228:
3212:
3161:
3080:
3059:
3003:
2972:
2926:
2910:
2884:
2823:
2807:
2761:
2745:
2725:
2704:
2603:
2587:
2566:
2465:los Murciélagos
2413:Roca dels Moros
2309:
2278:
2252:
2221:
2192:Chertovy Vorota
2175:
2144:
2093:
2072:
2056:
2044:North Macedonia
2038:
2022:
2006:
1990:
1972:
1909:
1888:
1827:
1799:
1723:
1486:Abri du Poisson
1451:Les Combarelles
1399:
1383:
1342:
1326:
1285:
1249:
1228:
1224:Trou de l'Abîme
1173:
1133:
1120:
1097:
1091:
1024:
1014:
1008:
1003:
1002:
971:
970:
966:
914:
913:
909:
896:
895:
891:
881:
879:
877:
856:
855:
851:
835:
782:
781:
768:
758:
756:
752:
748:
747:
743:
724:
723:
719:
685:
684:
680:
670:
668:
663:
662:
655:
640:
609:10.1.1.618.1413
596:Current Biology
593:
592:
579:
565:
564:
557:
552:
540:
527:
498:hunter-gatherer
489:
408:
380:
310:). In 1978 the
281:
247:in the town of
165:
163:
159:
156:
151:
148:
146:
144:
143:
105:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
66:
65:
43:
42:Scladina Center
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5945:
5943:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5869:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5814:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5794:The Inheritors
5790:
5783:
5778:
5765:
5763:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5741:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5694:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5624:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5565:
5563:Sidrón remains
5560:
5550:
5545:
5534:
5532:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5514:
5500:
5495:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5430:
5423:La Ferrassie 1
5419:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5320:
5315:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5228:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5189:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5005:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4826:Beeton Shelter
4823:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4805:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4498:T'uqu T'uquyuq
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4125:
4124:
4115:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
4000:Pinnacle Point
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3802:The White Lady
3799:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3323:Khoit Tsenkher
3319:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2635:Creswell Crags
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:Aveline's Hole
2611:
2609:
2608:United Kingdom
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2557:Santa Catalina
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2352:Monte Castillo
2349:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2233:Hadži-Prodan's
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1653:
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1095:cave paintings
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1006:External links
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981:(4): 411–424.
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5483:Teshik-Tash 1
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5400:Ehringsdorf 9
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5169:Cave painting
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5164:List of caves
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4951:New Guinea II
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4695:On Your Knees
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4121:South America
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3985:Klasies River
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3281:Ras Baalbek I
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3117:Nahal Me'arot
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2700:Windmill Hill
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2380:Tito Bustillo
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2187:Akhshtyrskaya
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2135:Pego do Diabo
2133:
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1926:Arene Candide
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1813:Devil's Tower
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1587:Pair-non-Pair
1585:
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1578:
1575:
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1572:Le Mas-d'Azil
1570:
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1522:Arcy-sur-Cure
1520:
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1501:
1498:
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1462:
1461:Font-de-Gaume
1459:
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1449:
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1429:Abri Castanet
1428:
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1426:Castel Merle
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1023:
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984:
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976:
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946:
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938:
934:
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926:
922:
918:
911:
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899:
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876:9780805088915
872:
868:
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862:
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843:
839:
834:
833:
830:
826:
821:
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786:
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742:
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733:
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666:
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541:
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507:
503:
499:
496:
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486:
484:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:
458:is unique to
457:
453:
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445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
425:
421:
417:
413:
405:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
377:
375:
373:
369:
364:
360:
356:
355:Modern humans
352:
348:
343:
340:
337:
333:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
278:
276:
274:
271:, called the
270:
266:
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258:
254:
250:
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242:
238:
234:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
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142:
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120:
116:
112:
108:
84:
56:
46:
39:
34:
30:
25:
19:
5853:
5835:
5828:
5816:
5809:
5792:
5785:
5768:
5747:
5717:Homo sapiens
5715:
5708:
5701:
5691:Homo erectus
5689:
5656:Homo sapiens
5654:
5619:
5592:Fontéchevade
5478:Shanidar 1-4
5468:Mt. Circeo 1
5463:Altamura man
5452:
5290:
5255:
5249:
5243:
5239:Homo erectus
5237:
5233:Homo habilis
5231:
4976:Wargata Mina
4936:Murrawijinie
4871:Eagles Reach
4866:Devil's Lair
4770:Wilson Butte
4555:Cherry Creek
4545:Bull Thistle
4290:Chiribiquete
4248:Charlie Lake
4176:Barton Creek
3990:Melkhoutboom
3930:Sterkfontein
3920:Plovers Lake
3853:South Africa
3755:Jebel Irhoud
3740:Ifri N'Ammar
3475:Turkmenistan
3440:Hunugalagala
3224:Iraq ed-Dubb
2989:Jeriji Saléh
2650:High Pasture
2207:Shulgan-Tash
2130:Pedra Furada
1951:
1790:Lichtenstein
1780:Brillenhöhle
1709:Le Regourdou
1669:La Ferrassie
1664:Combe Grenal
1607:Trois Frères
1542:Fontéchevade
1495:La Madeleine
1213:
1149:Drachenhöhle
1031:
1027:
978:
974:
967:
924:
920:
910:
901:
892:
880:. Retrieved
860:
852:
842:Live Science
841:
792:
788:
757:. Retrieved
744:
727:
720:
695:
691:
688:Patou-Mathis
681:
669:. Retrieved
646:ScienceDaily
645:
599:
595:
571:
530:
528:
509:
502:Provisioning
494:Homo sapiens
492:
490:
478:
474:Homo erectus
473:
470:Homo sapiens
469:
465:
461:Homo sapiens
459:
433:
423:
420:Homo sapiens
419:
411:
409:
381:
351:Palaeolithic
344:
311:
307:
306:of the CAS (
301:
296:
288:
282:
272:
236:
232:
231:
205:Neanderthals
196:Palaeolithic
28:
18:
5830:Neanderthal
5710:Homo naledi
5645:Azykhantrop
5587:Le Moustier
5568:Gibraltar 1
5548:Spy 1 and 2
5528:radiocarbon
5416:(130–50 ka)
5216:Neanderthal
5062:New Zealand
4886:Gwion Gwion
4755:Trail Creek
4680:Meadowcroft
4640:Last Supper
4570:Daugherty's
4432:Las Flechas
4217:Rei do Mato
3941:Other caves
3925:Rising Star
3900:Makapansgat
3865:Bolt's Farm
3682:Njoro River
3525:Teshik-Tash
3520:Obi-Rakhmat
3504:Yarımburgaz
3404:Lapuz Lapuz
3382:Philippines
3291:Nachcharini
3286:Ras El Kelb
3245:Tam Pa Ling
3240:Tham An Mah
3122:Nahal Hemar
2870:Zhoukoudian
2845:Guanyindong
2819:Laang Spean
2741:Darra-e Kur
2734:Afghanistan
2680:Portbraddon
2670:Marble Arch
2583:Wildkirchli
2571:Switzerland
2507:Other caves
2480:Ojo Guareña
2460:Maltravieso
2455:Los Casares
2430:Siega Verde
2395:Los Aviones
2390:Santimamiñe
2364:Las Monedas
2357:El Castillo
2264:Čertova pec
2212:Mezmaiskaya
2120:Lagar Velho
2052:Cocev Kamen
1931:Balzi Rossi
1771:Other caves
1760:Sirgenstein
1689:Le Moustier
1679:Fontbrégoua
1639:Bonne-Femme
1619:Other caves
1338:Aetokremnos
1281:Utroba Cave
1187:Claminforge
1184:Belle-Roche
1015:(in French)
755:. ah.viu.ca
481:Tanya Smith
323:assemblages
269:Neanderthal
243:located in
237:Sclayn Cave
164: /
140:Coordinates
113:Sclayn Cave
5927:Mousterian
5871:Categories
5405:Altamura 1
5318:Mousterian
5297:Extinction
5291:H. sapiens
5174:Speleology
4991:Wellington
4946:Naracoorte
4931:Mudgegonga
4916:Madjedbebe
4881:Gabarnmung
4821:Ballawinne
4811:Abrakurrie
4710:Pictograph
4488:Qillqatani
4483:Pikimachay
4478:Guitarrero
4473:Chivateros
4452:Oxtotitlán
4305:Tequendama
4015:Wonderwerk
3995:Nelson Bay
3975:Elands Bay
3935:Swartkrans
3880:Gladysvale
3827:Somaliland
3774:Mozambique
3714:Haua Fteah
3513:Uzbekistan
3178:Minatogawa
3173:Kosegasawa
3127:Nahal Oren
3071:Hazar Merd
3040:Qaleh Bozi
3025:Do-Ashkaft
2922:Satsurblia
2889:East Timor
2766:Azerbaijan
2655:Kendrick's
2620:Bontnewydd
2542:Don Gaspar
2495:Praileaitz
2450:Las Caldas
2368:La Pasiega
2295:Divje Babe
2217:Okladnikov
2202:Ignatievka
2125:Pala Pinta
2034:Għar Dalam
2011:Luxembourg
1986:St Brelade
1968:Villabruna
1879:Stravomyti
1869:Megalakkos
1854:Eileithyia
1839:Alepotrypa
1750:Hohle Fels
1636:Balauzière
1592:Pech Merle
1500:Rouffignac
1474:La Micoque
1456:Cro-Magnon
1415:Bara Bahau
1359:Býčí skála
1307:Vela Spila
1266:Devetashka
1261:Bacho Kiro
1034:: 110787.
759:23 January
671:23 January
550:References
452:great apes
363:Bronze Age
319:Mousterian
297:Lyell Cave
265:fossilized
261:Mousterian
218:since 1971
210:Site notes
5697:Denisovan
5635:Atapuerca
5313:Acheulean
5279:Behaviour
5224:Ancestors
5140:Nanumanga
5124:Falemauga
5035:Makauwahi
4804:Australia
4760:Trinchera
4635:La Grange
4605:Gatecliff
4600:Franktown
4595:Fort Rock
4575:Dry Creek
4493:Toquepala
4457:Sac Actun
4447:Ox Bel Ha
4437:Frightful
4422:Coxcatlan
4401:Long Mile
4155:Quadiriki
4132:Argentina
3970:Diepkloof
3955:Boomplaas
3910:Minnaar's
3895:Kromdraai
3844:Laas Geel
3839:Dhaymoole
3834:Dhambalin
3797:Apollo 11
3698:Liphofung
3624:Shum Laka
3587:Gueldaman
3541:Con Moong
3418:Sri Lanka
3365:Palestine
3339:Padah-Lin
3276:Ksar Akil
3208:Yamashita
3193:Pinza-Abu
2999:Pettakere
2994:Liang Bua
2977:Indonesia
2963:Pahargarh
2948:Bhimbetka
2906:Lene Hara
2896:Jerimalai
2875:Zengpiyan
2865:Yuchanyan
2665:Long Hole
2562:del Valle
2537:dels Bous
2490:la Pileta
2425:Atapuerca
2340:Covalanas
2238:Pešturina
2166:Muierilor
2156:Coliboaia
2068:Svarthola
1884:Theopetra
1874:Petralona
1859:Franchthi
1849:Asphendou
1805:Gibraltar
1775:Baumann's
1765:Vogelherd
1740:Bockstein
1719:Vallonnet
1714:Rochereil
1704:Raymonden
1694:Noisetier
1646:Bruniquel
1567:Marsoulas
1557:Lombrives
1552:La Marche
1478:La Mouthe
1444:Abri Audi
1422:Cap Blanc
1364:Koněprusy
1354:Amatérská
1322:Veternica
1271:Kozarnika
1245:Ledenjača
1169:Tischofer
1159:Lurgrotte
1056:245058872
604:CiteSeerX
359:Neolithic
255:hills in
251:, in the
186:limestone
149:50°29′2″N
5727:Research
5498:Tabun C1
5488:Kebara 2
5453:Scladina
5379:Miguelón
5284:Genetics
4981:Warratyi
4966:Tarragal
4956:Nunamira
4941:Murujuga
4906:Kutikina
4901:Koonalda
4896:Koongine
4856:Cliefden
4851:Cave Bay
4750:Tomaquag
4735:Sisyphus
4665:Mantle's
4655:Lovelock
4650:LoDaisKa
4630:Humboldt
4514:Werehpai
4507:Suriname
4417:Chan Hol
4336:Centella
4326:Ambrosio
4278:Colombia
4243:Bluefish
4087:Zimbabwe
4024:Tanzania
4010:Stadsaal
3915:Motsetsi
3885:Gondolin
3875:Drimolen
3870:Cooper's
3765:Taforalt
3735:Hercules
3661:Swimmers
3633:DR Congo
3617:Cameroon
3596:Botswana
3466:Tham Lod
3456:Pha Taem
3449:Thailand
3430:Belilena
3348:Pakistan
3316:Mongolia
3300:Malaysia
3261:Antelias
3203:Tobayama
3157:Zuttiyeh
3076:Shanidar
2938:Ambadevi
2855:Tianyuan
2835:Baishiya
2812:Cambodia
2552:El Mirón
2547:Guanches
2522:Armintxe
2440:Bacinete
2385:Altxerri
2374:El Pendo
2344:La Garma
2326:Altamira
2283:Slovenia
2274:Jasovská
2257:Slovakia
2243:Risovača
2197:Denisova
2161:Cuciulat
2115:Furninha
2110:Escoural
2098:Portugal
2089:Paradise
2084:Obłazowa
2018:Loschbur
1958:Paglicci
1941:Corbeddu
1823:Vanguard
1818:Gorham's
1699:La Quina
1642:Bouillon
1629:Aurignac
1433:Reverdit
1418:Bernifal
1297:Grapčeva
1254:Bulgaria
1214:Scladina
1201:Naulette
1164:Salzofen
995:21719068
959:23698370
829:18077342
626:16753548
538:See also
506:tool use
384:mandible
372:Wallonia
339:industry
295:and the
293:Spy Cave
245:Wallonia
239:, is an
233:Scladina
182:Material
152:5°1′32″E
118:Location
22:Scladina
5932:Andenne
5553:Engis 2
5414:Typical
5274:Anatomy
5267:Biology
5092:Chugai'
5074:Ruakuri
5009:Gadao's
4986:Warreen
4921:Mammoth
4891:Jenolan
4836:Blanche
4816:Acheron
4793:Oceania
4765:Ventana
4745:Tainter
4720:Russell
4705:Pendejo
4700:Paisley
4660:Mammoth
4580:Durango
4540:Bonfire
4394:Jamaica
4361:Curaçao
4300:Sáchica
4285:El Abra
4269:Milodón
4212:Peruaçu
4202:Maquiné
4094:Bambata
4073:Kalemba
3945:Blombos
3890:Haasgat
3811:Nigeria
3790:Namibia
3728:Morocco
3691:Lesotho
3603:Tsodilo
3580:Algeria
3534:Vietnam
3494:Belbaşı
3480:Dzhebel
3435:Fa Hien
3394:Kalanay
3355:Sanghao
3332:Myanmar
3271:Kaukaba
3254:Lebanon
3142:Raqefet
3112:Misliya
3097:HaYonim
3045:Warwasi
3020:Darband
3015:Bisitun
2984:Harimau
2958:Gudiyam
2953:Edakkal
2915:Georgia
2860:Xianren
2788:Damjili
2783:Buzeyir
2757:Areni-1
2750:Armenia
2675:Oldbury
2640:Gough's
2625:Cathole
2599:Verteba
2592:Ukraine
2149:Romania
2140:Salemas
2105:Aroeira
1936:Cavallo
1921:Addaura
1900:Baradla
1893:Hungary
1844:Apidima
1728:Germany
1684:Lazaret
1612:Villars
1532:Cosquer
1512:Chauvet
1490:Lascaux
1388:Finland
1312:Vindija
1302:Krapina
1290:Croatia
1210:Ramioul
1178:Belgium
1154:Gudenus
1142:Austria
1036:Bibcode
950:3725337
929:Bibcode
820:2154412
797:Bibcode
700:Bibcode
444:weaning
440:primate
400:Leipzig
257:Belgium
253:Andenne
192:Periods
177:History
134:Belgium
130:Andenne
5503:Amud 1
5133:Tuvalu
5069:Moncks
5053:Pindai
5028:Hawaii
5019:Talagi
5014:Mahlac
4876:Fossil
4861:Cloggs
4846:Burrup
4725:Sandia
4670:Marmes
4615:Hidden
4610:Graham
4565:Danger
4550:Burnet
4410:Mexico
4385:Pomier
4346:Patana
4331:Calero
4310:Tibitó
4236:Canada
4197:Gentio
4190:Brazil
4164:Belize
4078:Mumbwa
4066:Zambia
4050:Uganda
4031:Kondoa
4005:Sibudu
3950:Border
3905:Malapa
3781:Ngalue
3656:Beasts
3640:Matupi
3569:Africa
3499:Karain
3487:Turkey
3461:Spirit
3399:Minori
3389:Callao
3373:Shuqba
3217:Jordan
3188:Ōzakai
3183:Muroya
3132:Qafzeh
3102:Kebara
3085:Israel
3055:Yafteh
3050:Wezmeh
2880:Zhiren
2793:Tağlar
2695:Thor's
2630:Coygan
2578:Bichon
2532:Bedmar
2500:Sidrón
2336:Chufín
2269:Domica
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2180:Russia
2077:Poland
2061:Norway
1995:Kosovo
1978:Jersey
1963:Romito
1905:Szelim
1864:Kleidi
1832:Greece
1537:Cussac
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1404:France
1374:Mladeč
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