354:
46:
33:
294:, is initially white, but becomes light brown and powdery after the spores mature. The spores are spherical, and covered with minute warts or spines, and measure about 12
1068:
900:
282: in). Its color is ochre or dingy brown, and the surface is covered with scaly warts that eventually slough off to leave a relatively smooth surface. The thin
952:
1029:
799:
1055:
874:
568:
533:
335:. The species has been found in Africa, Asia (China and India), Australia, Europe, North America (including Hawaii), and South America.
486:
454:
290:(outer skin) is thin and fragile when dry, and cracks irregularly to form a large opening. The internal spore-bearing tissue, the
1111:
1141:
1136:
518:
584:
Sanon KB; Bâ AM; Dexheimer J. (1997). "Mycorrhizal status of some fungi fruiting beneath indigenous trees in
Burkina Faso".
258:
is roughly spherical with a somewhat flattened top, and has a thick, stem-like base; it attains a diameter of 2–7 cm (
939:
1126:
786:
393:
367:
45:
957:
230:
206:
1146:
1131:
1116:
1156:
1121:
754:
140:
1083:
967:
866:
835:
736:
311:
201:
117:
218:
931:
1151:
1106:
170:
40:
446:
439:
1073:
905:
1042:
988:
822:
655:
624:
564:
514:
482:
450:
107:
993:
715:
686:
593:
332:
283:
32:
975:
510:
302:
222:
561:
Mushrooms of the
Pacific Northwest: Timber Press Field Guide (Timber Press Field Guides)
861:
742:
324:
240:
87:
719:
597:
1100:
1034:
804:
196:
77:
1047:
1020:
827:
359:
791:
944:
926:
887:
286:
underneath the peridium stains pink to red when the fruit body is cut open. The
235:
549:. Website der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Mykologie. Retrieved, 13 January 2014.
349:
295:
255:
205:, or "earth balls". First described scientifically in 1791, the species has a
777:
659:
628:
848:
97:
57:
1014:
980:
913:
814:
771:
401:
339:
287:
536:. In: Pilzdatenbank des Giftnotrufs München. Retrieved, 13 January 2014.
1060:
879:
892:
315:
at least in some people, so it cannot be recommended for consumption.
918:
388:
386:
67:
748:
691:
674:
853:
646:(Bull.) Pers. – an addition to the fungi of West Bengal, (India)".
546:
291:
161:
157:
840:
441:
Mushrooms
Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi
752:
706:
675:"A checklist of the Brazilian gasteroid fungi (Basidiomycota)"
547:
Eine
Vergiftung mit Scleroderma Verrucosum (Bull.) Pers. 1801
305:
when the gleba is still firm and white. On the other hand,
209:, and grows in the ground in nutrient-rich, sandy soils.
331:
grow in the soil in nutrient-rich, sandy soil, often in
1004:
761:
438:
445:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p.
472:
470:
468:
466:
563:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 271.
426:(in French). Paris, France. p. 154, t. 24.
309:appears to cause poisoning symptoms similar to
507:Mushrooms of Hawai'i: An Identification Guide
500:
498:
8:
749:
31:
20:
690:
673:Trierveiler-Pereira L; Baseia G. (2009).
481:. Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 32–3.
424:Histoire des champignons de la France. I
404:. International Mycological Association
382:
617:Hunan Shifan Daxue Ziran Kexue Xuebao
7:
1084:8e53670a-998e-42eb-aad9-c016eda8e7d4
968:5a294d1b-6816-4a6e-bb2e-83a4c3f3d935
648:Journal of Natural History (India)
14:
611:Jian-Zong L. (2003). "Studies of
479:VNR Color Dictionary of Mushrooms
199:fungus and a member of the genus
559:Trudell S.; Ammirati J. (2009).
505:Hemmes DE; Desjardin D. (2002).
352:
44:
477:Dickinson C; Lucas J. (1982).
338:The species was featured on a
1:
720:10.1016/S0269-915X(98)80005-0
642:De AB; Debasmita R. (2007). "
598:10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00089-3
586:Forest Ecology and Management
233:transferred it to the genus
1173:
231:Christian Hendrik Persoon
207:cosmopolitan distribution
176:
169:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
534:Gemeiner Kartoffelbovist
509:. Berkeley, California:
319:Habitat and distribution
1112:Fungi described in 1791
342:postage stamp in 1985.
1142:Fungi of South America
1137:Fungi of North America
763:Scleroderma verrucosum
737:Scleroderma verrucosum
644:Scleroderma verrucosum
396:Scleroderma verrucosum
329:Scleroderma verrucosum
327:. The fruit bodies of
217:The species was first
192:Scleroderma verrucosum
150:Scleroderma verrucosum
25:Scleroderma verrucosum
1006:Lycoperdon verrucosum
301:The fruit bodies are
227:Lycoperdon verrucosum
179:Lycoperdon verrucosum
545:Rosemarie Kießling:
422:Bulliard P. (1791).
312:Scleroderma citrinum
398:(Bull.) Pers. 1801"
1127:Fungi of Australia
132:S. verrucosum
1094:
1093:
989:Open Tree of Life
755:Taxon identifiers
570:978-0-88192-935-5
437:Arora D. (1986).
333:deciduous forests
323:Sclerodermas are
188:
187:
183:
108:Sclerodermataceae
16:Species of fungus
1164:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1050:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1023:
997:
996:
984:
983:
971:
970:
961:
960:
948:
947:
945:NHMSYS0001497222
935:
934:
922:
921:
909:
908:
896:
895:
883:
882:
870:
869:
857:
856:
844:
843:
831:
830:
818:
817:
808:
807:
795:
794:
782:
781:
780:
750:
724:
723:
703:
697:
696:
694:
670:
664:
663:
639:
633:
632:
608:
602:
601:
581:
575:
574:
556:
550:
543:
537:
531:
525:
524:
502:
493:
492:
474:
461:
460:
444:
434:
428:
427:
419:
413:
412:
410:
409:
390:
362:
357:
356:
355:
281:
280:
276:
273:
267:
266:
262:
246:means "warted".
241:specific epithet
181:
152:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1147:Fungi of Hawaii
1132:Fungi of Europe
1117:Fungi of Africa
1097:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1000:
992:
987:
979:
976:Observation.org
974:
966:
964:
956:
951:
943:
938:
930:
925:
917:
912:
904:
899:
891:
886:
878:
873:
865:
860:
852:
847:
839:
834:
826:
821:
813:
811:
803:
798:
790:
785:
776:
775:
770:
757:
732:
727:
705:
704:
700:
692:10.5248/108.441
672:
671:
667:
641:
640:
636:
610:
609:
605:
583:
582:
578:
571:
558:
557:
553:
544:
540:
532:
528:
521:
513:. p. 119.
511:Ten Speed Press
504:
503:
496:
489:
476:
475:
464:
457:
436:
435:
431:
421:
420:
416:
407:
405:
392:
391:
384:
380:
358:
353:
351:
348:
325:ectomycorrhizal
321:
278:
274:
271:
269:
264:
260:
259:
252:
223:Pierre Bulliard
215:
165:
154:
148:
135:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1170:
1168:
1160:
1159:
1157:Fungus species
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1065:
1052:
1039:
1026:
1010:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
985:
972:
962:
949:
936:
923:
910:
897:
884:
871:
858:
845:
832:
819:
809:
796:
783:
767:
765:
759:
758:
753:
747:
746:
743:Index Fungorum
731:
730:External links
728:
726:
725:
698:
665:
634:
619:(in Chinese).
603:
576:
569:
551:
538:
526:
519:
494:
488:978-0442219987
487:
462:
455:
429:
414:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
364:
363:
347:
344:
320:
317:
251:
248:
214:
211:
186:
185:
174:
173:
167:
166:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
88:Agaricomycetes
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1169:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Fungi of Asia
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
995:
990:
986:
982:
977:
973:
969:
963:
959:
954:
950:
946:
941:
937:
933:
928:
924:
920:
915:
911:
907:
902:
898:
894:
889:
885:
881:
876:
872:
868:
863:
859:
855:
850:
846:
842:
837:
833:
829:
824:
820:
816:
810:
806:
801:
797:
793:
788:
784:
779:
773:
769:
768:
766:
764:
760:
756:
751:
745:
744:
739:
738:
734:
733:
729:
721:
717:
713:
709:
702:
699:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
666:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
615:from China".
614:
607:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
580:
577:
572:
566:
562:
555:
552:
548:
542:
539:
535:
530:
527:
522:
516:
512:
508:
501:
499:
495:
490:
484:
480:
473:
471:
469:
467:
463:
458:
456:0-89815-169-4
452:
448:
443:
442:
433:
430:
425:
418:
415:
403:
399:
397:
389:
387:
383:
377:
373:
371:
366:
365:
361:
350:
345:
343:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
318:
316:
314:
313:
308:
307:S. verrucosum
304:
299:
298:in diameter.
297:
293:
289:
285:
257:
249:
247:
245:
242:
239:in 1801. The
238:
237:
232:
228:
224:
220:
212:
210:
208:
204:
203:
198:
197:basidiomycete
194:
193:
184:
180:
175:
172:
168:
163:
159:
153:
151:
145:
142:
141:Binomial name
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Basidiomycota
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1005:
762:
741:
735:
714:(3): 104–6.
711:
707:
701:
682:
678:
668:
651:
647:
643:
637:
620:
616:
612:
606:
589:
585:
579:
560:
554:
541:
529:
506:
478:
440:
432:
423:
417:
406:. Retrieved
395:
369:
360:Fungi portal
337:
328:
322:
310:
306:
300:
253:
243:
234:
226:
216:
200:
191:
190:
189:
182:Bull. (1791)
178:
177:
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
24:
18:
927:NatureServe
888:iNaturalist
654:(1): 31–3.
623:(4): 60–4.
613:Scleroderma
592:(1): 61–9.
370:Scleroderma
250:Description
236:Scleroderma
225:in 1791 as
202:Scleroderma
119:Scleroderma
1101:Categories
1021:Q105058283
708:Mycologist
520:1580083390
408:2012-10-01
378:References
340:Paraguayan
256:fruit body
244:verrucosum
74:Division:
1152:Puffballs
1107:Boletales
685:: 441–4.
679:Mycotaxon
660:0973-6166
629:1000-2537
219:described
126:Species:
98:Boletales
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
1074:10801910
1035:60026752
1030:AusFungi
1015:Wikidata
932:2.911967
914:MycoBank
906:10966652
862:Fungorum
812:BioLib:
805:60026751
800:AusFungi
772:Wikidata
402:MycoBank
368:List of
346:See also
288:peridium
213:Taxonomy
171:Synonyms
104:Family:
54:Domain:
1061:5239961
880:5239959
841:1009429
778:Q902264
372:species
277:⁄
263:⁄
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
1081:NZOR:
994:912182
965:NZOR:
958:150803
919:211519
893:179071
867:211519
854:SCLDVE
792:177107
658:
627:
567:
517:
485:
453:
303:edible
164:(1801)
1069:IRMNG
1048:3WLNC
981:16508
901:IRMNG
828:4VPNQ
815:60777
292:gleba
284:flesh
195:is a
162:Pers.
158:Bull.
68:Fungi
1056:GBIF
953:NCBI
875:GBIF
849:EPPO
787:APNI
656:ISSN
625:ISSN
565:ISBN
515:ISBN
483:ISBN
451:ISBN
254:The
1043:CoL
940:NBN
836:EoL
823:CoL
740:in
716:doi
687:doi
683:108
594:doi
447:912
221:by
1103::
1071::
1058::
1045::
1032::
1017::
991::
978::
955::
942::
929::
916::
903::
890::
877::
864::
851::
838::
825::
802::
789::
774::
712:12
710:.
681:.
677:.
650:.
621:26
590:97
588:.
497:^
465:^
449:.
400:.
385:^
296:μm
229:.
160:)
722:.
718::
695:.
689::
662:.
652:3
631:.
600:.
596::
573:.
523:.
491:.
459:.
411:.
394:"
279:4
275:3
272:+
270:2
268:–
265:4
261:3
156:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
