872:
screenwriter. In most cases, a film project is initiated by a screenwriter. The initiator of the project gets the exclusive writing assignment. They are referred to as "exclusive" assignments or "pitched" assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, often do not have to worry about competing for assignments and are often more successful. When word is put out about a project that a
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Screenwriters are rarely involved in the production of a film. Sometimes they come on as advisors, or if they are established, as a producer. Some screenwriters also direct. Although many scripts are sold each year, many do not make it into production because the number of scripts that are purchased
880:, or producer wants done, they are referred to as "open" assignments. Open assignments are more competitive. If screenwriters are competing for an open assignment, more established writers usually win the assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment.
938:
A screenwriter becomes credible by having work that is recognized, which gives the writer the opportunity to earn a higher income. As more films are produced independently (outside the studio system), many up-and-coming screenwriters are turning to pitch fests, screenplay contests, and independent
871:
Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use their ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases the script is based on an existing property, such as a book or person's life story, which is adapted by the
1076:: A word used to describe a script's unproduced price relative to its value if approved for production—for example, if a script is sold for $ 300,000, but the writer gains an extra $ 200,000 if it leads to production, the screenwriter's salary is described as "$ 300,000 against $ 500,000".
820:. Screenwriting historian Steven Maras notes that these early writers were often understood as being the authors of the films as shown, and argues that they could not be precisely equated with present-day screenwriters because they were responsible for a technical product, a brief "
848:. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, but amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered "writers in training". Spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters.
935:, entertainment lawyer, or entertainment executive. The partnerships often pitch their project to investors or others in a position to further a project. Once the script is sold, the writer has only the rights that were agreed with the purchaser.
960:, TV network, or producer, they often have to continue networking, mainly with directors or executives, and push to have their projects "chosen" and turned into films or TV shows. If interest in a script begins to fade, a project can go dead.
840:. Screenwriters are not hired employees but contracted freelancers. Most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation (spec) and so write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a
1084:: If a script is not purchased, it may be optioned. An option is money paid in exchange for the right (the "option") to produce—and therefore to purchase outright—a screenplay, treatment, or other work within a certain period.
1112:: Short for "speculative" or "on speculation" as in; "She wrote her script on spec". The writer writes the script (original or someone else's idea) without being paid, and, subsequently, tries to sell it.
899:
Hollywood has shifted writers onto and off projects since its earliest days, and the assignment of credits is not always straightforward or complete, which poses a problem for film study. In his book
939:
development services to gain access to established and credible independent producers. Many development executives are now working independently to incubate their own pet projects.
1788:
189:
745:
969:
1524:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
863:
was for the first half. Closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen."
1605:
2620:
1559:
844:. What separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a
1762:
1851:
983:. Although membership in the WGA is recommended, it is not required of a screenwriter to join. The WGA is the final arbiter on awarding
896:. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak.
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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1104:: The writer rewrites someone else's script for pay. The writer pitches their "take", much like they would an original pitch.
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After a screenwriter finishes a project, they pair with an industry-based representative, such as a producer, director,
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1129:, is hired to write ten scenarios (each about 90 seconds long) for $ 15 each (equivalent to $ 549 in 2023).
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Screenwriting is a freelance profession. No education is required to be a professional screenwriter, just good
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1736:
1710:
127:
1090:: The writer writes the script on assignment under contract with a studio, production company, or individual.
1006:. Non-union screenwriters may write for free; an established screenwriter may write for millions of dollars.
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1993:
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786:, writing screenplays on which mass media, such as films, television programs, and video games, are based.
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Ferguson, Brooks (17 April 2009). "Creativity and integrity: Marketing the "in development" screenplay".
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discussed the historian's dilemma: "A writer may be given screen credit for work he didn't do (as with
855:, but it often takes years of trial and error, failure, and gritty persistence to achieve success. In
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A page of a screenplay, showcasing character dialogue, scene transitions, sluglines, and action lines
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for projects under its jurisdiction. The WGA also looks upon and verifies film copyright materials.
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1098:: The writer holds a five- to twenty-minute presentation of the film to buyers in a short meeting.
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and spends $ 3.6 million in less than a week, $ 2.5 million for a two-page outline of
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1193:, both of which sold for a million dollars. None of these movies has been produced so far.
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859:, Michael Hague writes, "Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, what the
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every year exceeds the number of professional directors that are working in the film and
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1789:"Warner Bros Buys Spec Script About Math Genius Alan Turing For Leonardo DiCaprio"
824:", "treatment", or "synopsis" that is a written synopsis of what is to be filmed.
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1227:. Both deals are records, respectively, for outlines and romantic comedy specs.
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for $ 1 million. This was followed by nuclear-terrorist technothriller
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is the international federation of screenwriters' and playwrights' unions.
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1763:"'Zombieland' Writers Sell Sci-Fi Project 'Epsilon' to Sony (Exclusive)"
1044: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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851:
There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the
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are paid $ 3 million against $ 5 million for the script of
917:), or be denied credit for work he did do (as with Sidney Buchman on
892:, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or
804:, writers now considered screenwriters were denoted by terms such as
1217:, and $ 1.1 million (about $ 1,968,366 in 2018) for the script
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1889:
1256:
Some of the highest amounts paid to writers for spec screenplays:
1002:
Minimum salaries for union screenwriters in the US are set by the
757:
1505:
Talking
Pictures: Screenwriters in the American Cinema, 1927–1973
1165:: Kathy McWorter, who was promoted by her agent as a 21-year-old
674:
2602:
1971:
1876:
1833:
3031:
1332:("Sources say the Sony deal closed in the $ 1 million range.")
1013:
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29:
1125:: One of the U.S.'s first screenwriters, New York journalist
188:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1169:, though in fact she was 28 years old, sells her sex comedy
952:. When a screenwriter finishes a project and sells it to a
1139:
is paid $ 10,000 a week (about $ 128,056 in 2023). Claims
27:
Person who writes for films, TV shows, comics, and games
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1984:
888:Many screenwriters also work as full- or part-time
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2176:Cinematographer / director of photography
1442:
1606:"Screenwriters Adjust to Being Bit Players Again"
1143:paid him $ 3,500 a day (about $ 44,800 in 2023).
975:Most professional screenwriters in the U.S. are
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
2614:
1845:
739:
186:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1181:and Robert Roy Pool, and WWII action comedy
1737:"Spec Script Sale: "Arthur & Lancelot""
1422:Screenwriting: History, Theory and Practice
970:International Affiliation of Writers Guilds
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3405:
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1968:
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1825:Spec Script Sales Analysis 2008: Top Sales
1704:
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732:
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1060:Learn how and when to remove this message
782:) is a writer who practices the craft of
242:Learn how and when to remove this message
224:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1675:
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1560:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
1416:
1414:
1410:
1315:($ 1.1 million, outright purchase)
267:
1756:
1754:
1558:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
1424:, Wallflower Press, 2009, pp. 82–85.
7:
1042:adding citations to reliable sources
994:represents screenwriters in the UK.
99:adding citations to reliable sources
1680:Eller, Claudia (13 November 1992).
25:
45:This article has multiple issues.
3360:Concentration of media ownership
3254:Television content rating system
1812:
1787:Finke, Nikki (12 October 2011).
1625:Lowry, Brian (5 November 1992).
1018:
713:
277:
177:
75:
34:
2736:Director of network programming
1711:"A tale of Hollywood e-harmony"
1029:needs additional citations for
992:Writers' Guild of Great Britain
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
1682:"Par in 'Money' as DDLC riled"
1651:Marx, Andy (9 November 1992).
1373:List of screenwriting software
1:
3059:Broadcasting of sports events
1653:"'Jade' deal a $ 2.5 mil gem"
1627:"Lansing in new Par pic post"
1507:, Overlook Books, 1974, p. 78
1445:Writing Screenplays That Sell
857:Writing Screenplays that Sell
1552:American Antiquarian Society
1532:American Antiquarian Society
3275:Broadcast reference monitor
979:and are represented by the
200:, discuss the issue on the
3533:
2829:Television program creator
2550:Computer-generated imagery
2355:Special effects supervisor
2203:Digital imaging technician
1709:Lee, Chris (16 May 2005).
1399:Television program creator
793:
3317:Professional video camera
3285:Digital on-screen graphic
3249:List of television awards
2909:Character generator (CG)
2715:Transmission control room
2700:Network operations center
2360:Visual effects supervisor
1980:
1967:
1885:
1872:
796:Screenplay § History
3327:Lighting control console
2280:Utility sound technician
1479:Psychology and Marketing
1344:, at "seven figures" to
1153:sells the screenplay to
1004:Writers Guild of America
981:Writers Guild of America
352:Breaking down the script
3380:Influence of mass media
2951:Unit production manager
2705:Production control room
2580:Unit still photographer
2265:Director of audiography
1994:Unit production manager
1441:Hauge, Michael (1991).
1171:The Cheese Stands Alone
471:Daily production report
3512:Mass media occupations
2685:Central apparatus room
2270:Production sound mixer
1999:Production coordinator
1767:The Hollywood Reporter
1368:Lists of screenwriters
1183:Hell Bent... and Back!
943:Production involvement
763:
3302:Multiple-camera setup
3032:Visual effects artist
2981:Broadcast engineering
2654:History of television
2630:Television production
2540:Visual effects editor
2535:VFX creative director
2004:Production accountant
1288:Arthur & Lancelot
761:
478:Daily progress report
450:Film inventory report
431:Principal photography
3375:Freedom of the press
3307:Outside broadcasting
3259:Television criticism
3244:Audience measurement
3214:Political commentary
3177:Late-night talk show
2956:Production assistant
2921:Graphics coordinator
2916:Studio floor manager
2459:Intimacy coordinator
2029:Production assistant
1821:at Wikimedia Commons
1038:improve this article
861:Great American Novel
648:Guerrilla filmmaking
206:create a new article
198:improve this article
95:improve this article
3507:Writing occupations
3280:Character generator
2976:Television director
2809:Production designer
2695:Master control room
2223:Lighting technician
2079:Production designer
1739:. Go into The Story
1449:. HarperPerennial.
1395:Television director
927:Development process
814:photoplay dramatist
392:Production schedule
3486:Television studies
3426:Communications law
3395:Media manipulation
3142:Limited-run series
3121:Television special
3094:Reality television
3089:Police crime drama
2986:Technical director
2971:Technical director
2844:Production manager
2834:Executive producer
2794:Assistant director
2751:Sports commentator
2517:Technical director
2290:Re-recording mixer
2019:Script coordinator
2009:Assistant director
1948:Executive producer
1614:. 9 December 2001.
1611:The New York Times
1503:Corliss, Richard.
1337:The Imitation Game
1088:Feature assignment
958:production company
878:production company
764:
399:One liner schedule
3494:
3493:
3464:
3463:
3436:Fairness Doctrine
3431:Entertainment law
3370:Freedom of speech
3232:
3231:
3224:Weather forecasts
3209:News broadcasting
3187:
3186:
3040:
3039:
2966:Stunt coordinator
2669:Television studio
2649:Broadcast network
2596:
2595:
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2562:
2454:Acting instructor
2429:Movement director
2218:Best boy electric
2162:
2161:
2065:
2064:
2057:Storyboard artist
2014:Script supervisor
1963:
1962:
1817:Media related to
1715:Los Angeles Times
1491:10.1002/mar.20281
1301:$ 1 million:
1282:$ 2 million:
1141:David O. Selznick
1070:
1069:
1062:
818:screen playwright
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755:
464:Production report
406:Shooting schedule
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208:, as appropriate.
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16:(Redirected from
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3451:Media regulation
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3312:Production truck
3189:
3152:Procedural drama
3127:
3104:Documentary film
3069:Event television
2799:Location manager
2784:Costume designer
2779:Casting director
2769:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2523:
2327:Music supervisor
2132:
2091:Costume designer
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2034:Location manager
2024:Casting director
1982:
1969:
1905:Supporting actor
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1203:is hired to run
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901:Talking Pictures
884:Script doctoring
810:photoplay writer
748:
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718:
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485:Daily editor log
457:Daily call sheet
378:Production strip
371:Production board
359:Script breakdown
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3219:Traffic reports
3183:
3137:Animated series
3125:
3116:Television show
3099:Television film
3079:Live television
3046:
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2995:Post-production
2990:
2900:Cinematographer
2895:Camera operator
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2767:
2719:
2710:Stage (theatre)
2673:
2664:Television show
2659:Television crew
2632:
2627:
2597:
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2489:Post-production
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2474:Stunt performer
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2347:Special effects
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2181:Camera operator
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2121:Property master
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1915:Character actor
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1539:McCusker, J. J.
1537:
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1519:McCusker, J. J.
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1439:
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1420:Maras, Steven.
1419:
1412:
1407:
1391:Television crew
1381:Script (comics)
1363:First-look deal
1354:
1346:Warner Brothers
1254:
1252:Current records
1187:Doug Richardson
1179:Laurence Dworet
1119:
1066:
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1046:
1035:
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1000:
966:
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929:
920:The Awful Truth
905:Richard Corliss
886:
869:
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806:photoplaywright
798:
792:
752:
720:Film portal
714:
712:
705:
704:
670:
653:
652:
633:
625:
624:
616:
615:
582:
572:
571:
563:
562:
545:Special effects
510:
508:Post-production
500:
499:
443:Shooting script
419:
411:
410:
385:Day Out of Days
347:
337:
336:
291:
269:
248:
237:
236:
235:
230:
219:
213:
210:
195:
182:
178:
167:
156:
150:
147:
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3530:
3528:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3499:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3403:
3402:
3400:Public opinion
3397:
3392:
3387:
3385:Media activism
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3365:Counterculture
3362:
3357:
3352:
3350:Agenda-setting
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3322:Stage lighting
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3290:Mixing console
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3064:TV commercials
3061:
3056:
3054:Beauty pageant
3050:
3048:
3045:Types, formats
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2885:Audio engineer
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2804:Make-up artist
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2772:Pre-production
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2746:News presenter
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2637:Main / general
2634:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2527:Visual effects
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Visual effects
2380:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2191:Clapper loader
2188:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2128:
2126:Weapons master
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:Make-up artist
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2039:Location scout
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1986:Pre-production
1978:
1977:
1974:Below the line
1972:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:Above the line
1877:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1808:
1807:External links
1805:
1802:
1801:
1779:
1750:
1735:Myers, Scott.
1727:
1698:
1669:
1643:
1617:
1597:
1572:
1556:1800–present:
1509:
1496:
1485:(5): 421–444.
1462:
1455:
1433:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
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1333:
1316:
1298:
1297:
1279:
1278:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1228:
1201:Sherry Lansing
1194:
1160:
1159:for $ 250,000.
1144:
1130:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1105:
1099:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1008:
999:
996:
985:writing credit
965:
962:
944:
941:
933:literary agent
928:
925:
909:Sidney Buchman
890:script doctors
885:
882:
868:
865:
836:abilities and
829:
826:
791:
788:
754:
753:
751:
750:
743:
736:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:
707:
706:
703:
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697:
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687:
682:
677:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
655:
654:
651:
650:
645:
640:
634:
632:Related topics
631:
630:
627:
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623:
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531:
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498:
497:
493:
492:
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474:
473:
467:
466:
460:
459:
453:
452:
446:
445:
440:
434:
433:
427:
426:
424:Cinematography
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
409:
408:
402:
401:
395:
394:
388:
387:
381:
380:
374:
373:
367:
366:
361:
355:
354:
348:
345:Pre-production
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
328:
327:
325:Film budgeting
322:
316:
315:
310:
304:
303:
301:Film treatment
298:
292:
287:
286:
283:
282:
274:
273:
265:
264:
250:
249:
232:
231:
192:of the subject
190:worldwide view
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
110:"Screenwriter"
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3529:
3518:
3517:Screenwriters
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:Media studies
3479:
3477:
3476:Media culture
3474:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Broadcast law
3414:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:Breaking news
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Stage manager
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:Boom operator
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Script editor
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:Line producer
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:News director
2756:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Changing room
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Choreographer
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Dialect coach
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2398:Layout artist
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:Boom operator
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Best boy grip
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2154:Scenic design
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Matte painter
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:Set decorator
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1954:
1953:Line producer
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:Film producer
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:Film director
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:Ensemble cast
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:Leading actor
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:Screenwriters
1815:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1644:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1561:
1553:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:9780062725004
1452:
1447:
1446:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:9781905674824
1427:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1276:Bill Marsilii
1273:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:Bill Marsilii
1236:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:Joe Eszterhas
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:The Ultimatum
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:Lethal Weapon
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:Roy McCardell
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1053:
1050:November 2014
1043:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1027:This section
1025:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1005:
997:
995:
993:
988:
986:
982:
978:
973:
971:
963:
961:
959:
955:
951:
942:
940:
936:
934:
926:
924:
922:
921:
916:
915:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
883:
881:
879:
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867:Film industry
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3456:Pixelization
3446:Media reform
3441:Media policy
3421:Bleep censor
3334:Vision mixer
3109:Mockumentary
3084:Variety show
3007:Foley artist
3002:Sound editor
2905:Videographer
2869:Story editor
2859:Screenwriter
2858:
2819:Set designer
2502:Sound editor
2469:Stunt double
2464:Stage combat
2444:Talent agent
2414:Acting coach
2337:Orchestrator
2332:Music editor
2295:Foley artist
2186:Focus puller
2084:Art director
1938:Screenwriter
1937:
1792:. Retrieved
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:
1761:Kit, Borys.
1741:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:
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1421:
1342:Graham Moore
1335:
1330:Paul Wernick
1322:(unproduced)
1321:
1318:
1313:John Mattson
1306:
1300:
1299:
1295:David Dobkin
1291:(unproduced)
1290:
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1272:Terry Rossio
1265:
1260:$ 5 million:
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1230:
1225:John Mattson
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1047:
1036:Please help
1031:verification
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638:Film history
593:Film release
587:Distribution
580:Distribution
522:Re-recording
515:Film editing
490:Sound report
320:Film finance
296:Step outline
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151:October 2021
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88:verification
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18:Scriptwriter
3295:Microphones
3204:Debate show
2854:Head writer
2824:TV producer
2789:TV director
2497:Film editor
2419:Body double
2300:Voice foley
2208:Second unit
2168:Photography
2149:Illustrator
2136:Visual arts
2116:Set dresser
2101:Hairdresser
2070:Production
1925:Cameo actor
1895:Voice actor
1794:20 December
1772:29 November
1743:29 November
1720:20 December
1590:20 December
1581:"Ben Hecht"
1565:29 February
1536:1700–1799:
1516:1634–1699:
1326:Rhett Reese
1151:Shane Black
1109:Spec script
1010:Definitions
954:film studio
950:TV industry
874:film studio
842:spec script
838:imagination
790:Terminology
700:Spec script
643:Filmography
496:Cost report
438:Videography
332:Green-light
289:Development
3501:Categories
3409:Regulation
3390:Media bias
3355:Censorship
3167:Soap opera
3147:Miniseries
3047:and genres
2946:Dolly grip
2878:Production
2814:Researcher
2763:Showrunner
2575:Swing gang
2545:Compositor
2479:Under-five
2240:Dolly grip
2049:Storyboard
1865:filmmaking
1405:References
1386:Showrunner
1377:Playwright
1308:Milk Money
1220:Milk Money
1191:Rick Jaffa
1167:wunderkind
828:Profession
802:silent era
794:See also:
534:Soundtrack
529:Sync sound
418:Production
364:Storyboard
313:Screenplay
308:Scriptment
270:Filmmaking
121:newspapers
50:improve it
3268:Technical
3237:Valuation
3172:Talk show
3074:Game show
3027:Publicist
2731:Celebrity
2555:Rendering
2370:Animation
2317:Subtitles
2196:Steadicam
2096:Greensman
1920:Bit actor
1861:Film crew
1358:Film crew
1205:Paramount
1137:Ben Hecht
1102:Rewriting
977:unionized
780:scenarist
680:Film crew
202:talk page
56:talk page
3017:Colorist
3012:Composer
2941:Key grip
2911:operator
2724:Profiles
2644:Audience
2512:Animator
2507:Colorist
2449:Stand-in
2388:Modeling
2378:Animator
2322:Composer
2230:Key grip
1541:(1992).
1521:(1997).
1352:See also
822:scenario
669:See also
660:Glossary
620:Roadshow
261:a series
259:Part of
214:May 2023
196:You may
2393:Rigging
2307:Dubbing
1686:Variety
1657:Variety
1631:Variety
1319:Epsilon
1267:Déjà Vu
1244:Déjà Vu
1117:History
1074:Against
914:Holiday
800:In the
610:delayed
605:limited
135:scholar
3469:Theory
3343:Issues
3162:Sitcom
3157:Serial
3130:Series
3022:Editor
2931:gaffer
2849:Writer
2678:Places
2407:Talent
2213:Gaffer
2072:design
1691:7 June
1662:7 June
1636:7 June
1453:
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1081:Option
998:Salary
964:Unions
894:studio
816:, and
776:scribe
557:visual
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2961:Gofer
2568:Other
2439:Extra
2257:Sound
1890:Actor
1548:(PDF)
1528:(PDF)
1095:Pitch
778:, or
690:Pitch
552:sound
539:Music
204:, or
142:JSTOR
128:books
3192:News
2936:grip
2741:Host
2245:Grip
1796:2018
1774:2012
1745:2012
1722:2018
1693:2020
1664:2020
1638:2020
1592:2018
1585:IMDb
1567:2024
1451:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1328:and
1274:and
1237:and
1231:2005
1210:Jade
1197:1992
1189:and
1163:1990
1147:1984
1133:1949
1123:1900
990:The
968:The
923:)."
685:Hook
675:Film
600:wide
114:news
2312:ADR
1487:doi
1340:by
1324:by
1311:by
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1270:by
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911:on
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