152:
600:
abandoning
Pritchard's Hill. Mulligan's division bitterly held its ground at Opequon Church where its advance was halted by Gordon's men. As Hayes's brigade advanced in support, Breckinridge marched Wharton's division to the northeast into a deep ravine that ran perpendicular to the Valley Turnpike. He turned the division into the ravine, which screened his movement from the Federals on the turnpike. As Hayes came up the road past the ravine, Breckinridge ordered a charge and the Confederates assaulted Hayes's exposed flank and sent his division reeling in retreat, taking many casualties.
39:
135:
616:. When the fleeing cavalry encountered the retreating wagon and artillery trains north of Winchester it incited a panic among the Federal teamsters, causing many to abandon their charges as they got caught up in retreat. Many of the wagons had to be burned to prevent them from falling into Confederate hands. As night fell the Confederate cavalry swept the countryside looking for Federals who had become lost from their units in retreat. Most of the Federals spent the night out in the rain, scattered across countryside, trying to evade capture.
664:
233:
545:
596:'s brigade formed east of the Valley turnpike. Crook dispatched cavalry under Averell to ride around the Confederate right flank and get in its rear. As the two armies skirmishers encountered one another the battle got under way. It soon became apparent to the Federal divisional commanders that they were facing a superior Confederate force which they were hesitant to attack and relayed the information to Crook.
240:
604:
division broke, Mulligan found himself caught between two
Confederate divisions. Mulligan immediately ordered a withdrawal, and was mortally wounded as he tried to rally his troops and prevent a full rout during the retreat. The Confederate infantry pressed the fleeing Federals all the way back through Winchester and the cavalry kept at their heels well into
557:
two of his division with cavalry support to meet the attack. In the early afternoon the infantry of both armies had arrived on the field. The
Confederate position extended well to each side of the Valley pike south of Kernstown, anchored on each flank on high ground and screened by cavalry. Maj. Gen.
556:
On the morning of July 24, Early marched his army north against Crook. Confederate cavalry encountered its Union counterpart south of
Kernstown in the morning and heavy skirmishing broke out. Couriers alerted Crook to the attack. Crook still believed Early's infantry had left the Valley and sent only
599:
Crook quickly became impatient by his divisional commanders hesitance to attack the
Confederate position, and distrusted their report of the Confederate strength. He ordered Mulligan to attack the Confederates with Thorburn's division in support. At 1 p.m. the Union infantry reluctantly moved out,
603:
Thoburn was supposed to support
Mulligan's right flank in the attack, but because of the topography of the battlefield, he became separated from Mulligan and saw little action during the battle. Gordon's Confederates exploited the gap in the Union line to get on Mulligan's right and when Hayes's
508:
in the Valley. The following two days were relatively quiet with both armies resting in their camps some 15 miles (24 km) from each other. On July 23, Confederate cavalry attacked the Union advanced picket line at
Kernstown, leading to a sharp cavalry skirmish. From prisoners caught in the
283:
276:
577:'s cavalry. Early initially concealed his infantry in a woods, sending out his cavalry and skirmish line of sharpshooters to draw the Federals into battle, thus playing into Crook's misconception that the Confederate infantry had left the Valley.
509:
skirmish Early learned of Wright's departure. In order to continue to be of service to Lee in the Valley, Early realized he had to attack the diminished force in front of him to ensure that Grant's force at
Petersburg would not be reinforced.
269:
779:
628:, on July 26. With the Shenandoah Valley clear of Union forces, Early launched a raid into northern territory, the last made by a substantial Confederate force during the war, burning Chambersburg, Pennsylvania as retribution for
611:
Averell's cavalry had attempted to flank the
Confederates as ordered but ran headlong into Vaughn's cavalry on the Front Royal Pike. The shock of the unexpected Confederate cavalry attack sent the Federal cavalry racing towards
772:
1083:
765:
858:
1088:
561:'s division formed the Confederate center along the Valley Turnpike. Ramseur's division formed on his left with its flank resting on Sandy Ridge to the west of Kernstown, screened by
1093:
985:
980:
1098:
1039:
863:
461:. The poor Confederate performance at the battle, as well as a series of small cavalry engagements south of Winchester the following day led Union commanders
648:. As a result of this defeat and McCausland's burning of Chambersburg on July 30, Grant returned the VI and XIX Corps to the Valley and appointed Maj. Gen.
1010:
624:
The victory marked the high-water point for the
Confederacy in the Valley in 1864. Crook's broken army retreated to the Potomac River and crossed near
232:
534:
549:
438:
On July 19, following a series of unsuccessful Union attacks on his flanks, General Early decided to withdraw from his precarious position at
1020:
729:
788:
80:
523:
248:
1078:
400:
995:
1005:
644:
did not mention this as a justification.) They also attacked Union garrisons protecting the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad near
822:
458:
329:
1103:
156:
151:
115:
1025:
964:
261:
418:. As a result, Early was able to launch the Confederacy's last major raid into northern Union territory, attacking the
1000:
919:
633:
419:
38:
1108:
1015:
807:
613:
427:
143:
74:
446:. During the evacuation of the military hospitals and storage depots at Winchester, Union forces under Brig. Gen.
1118:
1113:
802:
669:
585:
478:
339:
934:
386:
371:
295:
652:
as commander of Union forces there, turning the tide once and for all against the Confederates in the Valley.
954:
812:
562:
379:
893:
869:
827:
625:
493:
319:
314:
842:
817:
757:
505:
489:
396:
324:
185:
544:
832:
645:
570:
501:
439:
367:
344:
580:
The Union infantry position remained clustered around the Valley Pike in Kernstown anchored by Col.
469:
to conclude the Confederates were merely fighting a rearguard action and that Early was leaving the
637:
593:
451:
443:
363:
566:
474:
454:
447:
382:
375:
309:
190:
30:
944:
939:
877:
837:
725:
581:
470:
466:
407:
632:'s burning of civilian houses and farms earlier in the campaign. (Hunter had also burned the
924:
497:
485:
914:
649:
641:
959:
949:
746:
742:
589:
574:
558:
430:, in retaliation for the burning of civilian houses and farms earlier in the campaign.
389:
1072:
929:
605:
423:
411:
139:
134:
990:
909:
629:
462:
403:
168:
173:
693:
The CWSAC Report Update reports 14,000. The NPS battle summary reports 13,000.
659:
393:
1054:
1041:
684:
The CWSAC Report Update reports 9,500. The NPS battle summary reports 10,000.
584:'s division on Pritchard's Hill, one of the keys to the Union success at the
95:
82:
752:
705:
415:
573:, formed the Confederate right, with its flank screened by Brig. Gen.
543:
592:'s division formed on Sandy Ridge. To his left, future president
761:
265:
548:
Map of Kernstown II Battlefield core and study areas by the
43:
Battlefield where the Second Battle of Kernstown took place
1084:
Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
789:
Frederick County, Virginia, in the American Civil War
504:, on July 20, leaving only the three-division strong
986:
Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park
973:
902:
886:
851:
795:
239:
450:won a rare victory over Confederate forces under
565:William "Mudwall" Jackson's cavalry. Brig. Gen.
1089:Confederate victories of the American Civil War
724:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
23:
1094:Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia
773:
277:
8:
722:Shenandoah Summer: The 1864 Valley Campaign
297:and operations against the B&O Railroad
1099:Frederick County in the American Civil War
780:
766:
758:
640:, but Early's orders to his cavalry under
284:
270:
262:
37:
20:
496:from the valley to return to the aid of
1011:Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum
677:
550:American Battlefield Protection Program
843:Battle of Cedar Creek (or Belle Grove)
488:, seemingly over, Wright withdrew the
701:
699:
16:1864 battle of the American Civil War
7:
753:National Park Service battle summary
706:National Park Service battle summary
1001:Shenandoah Valley Civil War Museum
864:John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry
252:Location of the battle in Virginia
14:
1016:Third Winchester Battlefield Park
662:
362:was fought on July 24, 1864, at
238:
231:
150:
133:
996:Museum of the Shenandoah Valley
442:to a more secure position near
1006:Stonewall Confederate Cemetery
749:of the 5th Louisiana Regiment.
569:'s division, led by Maj. Gen.
1:
1026:Winchester National Cemetery
745:for July 24, 1864, of Major
588:in 1862. To his right, Col.
823:Battle of Rutherford's Farm
813:Second Battle of Winchester
634:Virginia Military Institute
535:Confederate order of battle
459:Battle of Rutherford's Farm
420:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
1135:
1021:Winchester Medical College
838:Third Battle of Winchester
828:Second Battle of Kernstown
808:First Battle of Winchester
532:
521:
428:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
360:Second Battle of Kernstown
75:Frederick County, Virginia
24:Second Battle of Kernstown
818:Battle of Snicker's Ferry
803:First Battle of Kernstown
670:American Civil War portal
586:First Battle of Kernstown
479:Army of Northern Virginia
305:
226:
209:
196:
179:
162:
126:
47:
36:
28:
1079:Valley campaigns of 1864
935:Frederick W. M. Holliday
859:Great Train Raid of 1861
372:Valley Campaigns of 1864
955:Cornelia Peake McDonald
57:; 160 years ago
981:Belle Grove Plantation
894:33rd Virginia Infantry
870:Virginia v. John Brown
626:Williamsport, Maryland
553:
406:and drove it from the
163:Commanders and leaders
1055:39.13951°N 78.19530°W
852:Raids and expeditions
547:
533:Further information:
524:Union order of battle
522:Further information:
506:Army of West Virginia
397:Army of West Virginia
392:soundly defeated the
210:Casualties and losses
186:Army of West Virginia
1104:Winchester, Virginia
833:Battle of Berryville
646:Cumberland, Maryland
571:John C. Breckinridge
502:Petersburg, Virginia
368:Winchester, Virginia
249:class=notpageimage|
1060:39.13951; -78.19530
1051: /
594:Rutherford B. Hayes
484:With the threat to
364:Kernstown, Virginia
320:Heaton's Crossroads
92: /
974:Places and tourism
720:Patchan, Scott C.
567:Gabriel C. Wharton
554:
455:Stephen D. Ramseur
448:William W. Averell
383:Army of the Valley
376:American Civil War
202:9,500–10,000
191:Army of the Valley
55:July 24, 1864
31:American Civil War
1109:Conflicts in 1864
1034:
1033:
945:Mary Greenhow Lee
940:Stonewall Jackson
878:Romney Expedition
730:978-0-8032-3754-4
582:James A. Mulligan
477:to reinforce the
467:Horatio G. Wright
408:Shenandoah Valley
370:, as part of the
353:
352:
330:Rutherford's Farm
260:
259:
157:CSA (Confederacy)
122:
121:
1126:
1119:July 1864 events
1114:1864 in Virginia
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
925:John A. Copeland
782:
775:
768:
759:
708:
703:
694:
691:
685:
682:
672:
667:
666:
665:
498:Ulysses S. Grant
486:Washington, D.C.
473:and heading for
422:in Maryland and
300:
298:
286:
279:
272:
263:
242:
241:
235:
155:
154:
138:
137:
107:
106:
104:
103:
102:
97:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
65:
63:
58:
49:
48:
41:
21:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1030:
969:
915:Nathaniel Banks
898:
882:
847:
791:
786:
739:
717:
712:
711:
704:
697:
692:
688:
683:
679:
668:
663:
661:
658:
650:Philip Sheridan
642:John McCausland
622:
542:
537:
531:
526:
520:
515:
513:Opposing forces
436:
356:
355:
354:
349:
301:
296:
294:
292:
290:
256:
255:
254:
253:
251:
245:
244:
243:
205:13–14,000
149:
132:
100:
98:
96:39.13°N 78.19°W
94:
91:
86:
83:
81:
79:
78:
77:
61:
59:
56:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1132:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
977:
975:
971:
970:
968:
967:
965:Richard Parker
962:
960:Hunter McGuire
957:
952:
950:James M. Mason
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
906:
904:
900:
899:
897:
896:
890:
888:
884:
883:
881:
880:
875:
874:
873:
861:
855:
853:
849:
848:
846:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
799:
797:
793:
792:
787:
785:
784:
777:
770:
762:
756:
755:
750:
747:Alexander Hart
738:
737:External links
735:
734:
733:
716:
713:
710:
709:
695:
686:
676:
675:
674:
673:
657:
654:
621:
618:
590:Joseph Thoburn
575:John C. Vaughn
559:John B. Gordon
541:
538:
530:
527:
519:
516:
514:
511:
435:
432:
410:back over the
390:Jubal A. Early
351:
350:
348:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
306:
303:
302:
291:
289:
288:
281:
274:
266:
258:
257:
247:
246:
237:
236:
230:
229:
228:
227:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
194:
193:
188:
182:
181:
180:Units involved
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
160:
159:
147:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
119:
113:
109:
108:
73:
71:
67:
66:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1131:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
976:
972:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
930:Shields Green
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
907:
905:
901:
895:
892:
891:
889:
885:
879:
876:
872:
871:
867:
866:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
854:
850:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
798:
794:
790:
783:
778:
776:
771:
769:
764:
763:
760:
754:
751:
748:
744:
741:
740:
736:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:
714:
707:
702:
700:
696:
690:
687:
681:
678:
671:
660:
655:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
619:
617:
615:
609:
607:
606:West Virginia
601:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
551:
546:
539:
536:
528:
525:
517:
512:
510:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:
449:
445:
441:
433:
431:
429:
425:
424:West Virginia
421:
417:
413:
412:Potomac River
409:
405:
402:
398:
395:
391:
388:
384:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
304:
299:
287:
282:
280:
275:
273:
268:
267:
264:
250:
234:
225:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
208:
204:
201:
200:
195:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
178:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
161:
158:
153:
148:
145:
141:
140:United States
136:
131:
130:
125:
117:
114:
111:
110:
105:
101:39.13; -78.19
76:
72:
69:
68:
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
1036:
991:Fort Collier
920:Watson Brown
910:Turner Ashby
868:
721:
689:
680:
630:David Hunter
623:
610:
602:
598:
579:
555:
500:'s siege of
483:
463:George Crook
437:
426:and burning
404:George Crook
359:
357:
340:Folck's Mill
335:Kernstown II
334:
315:Fort Stevens
293:Early's Raid
220:
215:
169:George Crook
127:Belligerents
29:Part of the
1058: /
743:Diary entry
614:Martinsburg
529:Confederate
380:Confederate
325:Cool Spring
174:Jubal Early
116:Confederate
99: /
1073:Categories
1046:78°11′43″W
1043:39°08′22″N
715:References
440:Berryville
434:Background
401:Brig. Gen.
366:, outside
345:Moorefield
62:1864-07-24
638:Lexington
620:Aftermath
494:XIX Corps
452:Maj. Gen.
444:Strasburg
490:VI Corps
475:Richmond
416:Maryland
387:Lt. Gen.
310:Monocacy
197:Strength
70:Location
796:Battles
457:at the
374:in the
118:victory
87:78°11′W
84:39°08′N
60: (
903:People
728:
540:Battle
471:Valley
399:under
385:under
378:. The
112:Result
887:Units
656:Notes
518:Union
414:into
394:Union
216:1,200
144:Union
726:ISBN
563:Col.
492:and
465:and
358:The
52:Date
636:in
221:600
1075::
698:^
608:.
481:.
781:e
774:t
767:v
732:.
552:.
285:e
278:t
271:v
146:)
142:(
64:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
