932:
best, since it only had two regiments. Additional
Communist military units were also formed, including Hunan–Western Hubei Garrison Regiment, Mianyang Independent Regiment, Training Regiment and the Independent battalions of guerrillas of several counties in the Communist base. After the reorganization, Communists took the initiative by attacking the Nationalists, and in the battle fought in the region of Laoxinkou (老新口) in mid April, the previously badly mauled Nationalist Newly Organized 3rd Brigade was struck again with disastrous result: after each of the two surviving regiments of the Nationalist Newly Organized 3rd Brigade lost a battalion completely in the battle, the four surviving battalions of the two regiments of the Nationalist Newly Organized 3rd Brigade disintegrated when the conscripts in the surviving units deserted en masse. The Nationalist Newly Organized 3rd Brigade ceased to function and only existed in names on papers, and after the devastating defeat, regions including Longhaiwan (龙海湾), Xiongkou (熊口), Hanhekou (汉河口), and Dafengkou (大丰口) fell back into Communist hands by late April in a domino effect.
960:, and by early June 1931, in a series of battles fought in the regions of Sanguandian (三官殿), Shagang (沙岗), Pujiguan (普济观), Haoxue (郝穴), and Wanjiaqiao (汪家桥), Communist force on the northern bank of the Yangtze River succeed in killing over two thousand Nationalist troops, capturing more than a thousand guns from the defeated Nationalists. The Communist force on the southern bank of the Yangtze River also made impressive gains in that it retook the Dongshan region, but during the process, their commander-in-chief Zhou Yiqun was killed in action in a battle near Yueyang. However, this Nationalist achievement was not enough to avert the strategic failure of the encirclement campaign and the Nationalists were forced to withdraw and call off the campaign. The Communists not only successfully defended their base, but also further strengthened it by expanding into the regions around Tongting Lake, and the Communist force on the southern bank of the Yangtze River crossed the Yangtze River after the campaign, and reorganized into the 26th Regiment of the 9th Division of the 3rd Army of the Chinese Red Army.
849:. Seizing the opportunity, Communist force on the northern bank of the Yangtze River including the Independent Regiment attacked and took the town of Zhuhe (朱河) for four time, annihilated the 2nd Regiment of the nationalist Newly Organized 2nd Brigade in the process, forcing the nationalist brigade to be out of the action for the rest of the campaign. The Communist force operated on the northern bank of the Yangtze River also attacked the town of Fengkou (峰口) twice, completely annihilated two battalions of the nationalist Newly Organized 3rd Brigade in the process. A regiment of the nationalist Newly Organized 3rd Brigade consisted of newly drafted conscripts could not handle the pressure and after suffering a defeat that did not produce too much casualties, the surviving conscripts in the regiment deserted
109:
1119:
841:
the
Nationalist force succeeded in taking the Dongshan. However, by this time, the Nationalist force was overstretched, and was unable to eradicate the remaining Communist guerrillas in the newly conquered region, and moreover, their rear was constantly harassed by the Communists forces that had crossed the Yangtze River, and with the bulk of the force deployed away during the campaign, there was simply not enough troops to stay behind to guard the vast areas in the rear. Realizing the nationalists had overstretched themselves way beyond the threshold, the Communists jumped on the opportunity to counterattack.
598:
military committee was formed, and Xia Xi was named as the CCP party secretary of the Hunan–Western Hubei Bureau, and the chairman of the revolutionary military committee. Cui Mei (崔玫) was named as the party secretary of the CCP provisional Hunan–Western Hubei provincial committee, and he was later succeeded by Yang
Guanghua (杨光华). This restructuring of the CCP apparatus was proven to be catastrophic later on, when Xia Xi carried out huge purges on local CCP ranks, resulting in causing more damage than the military actions taken by their Nationalist enemy.
1167:
1110:
1154:
1135:
1059:
1090:
1072:
1049:
97:
1039:
1101:
737:
Nationalists were stretched out too thin, the
Communists would counterattack. The primary objectives of Communists were to defend their base on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, and to reestablish their base in the northern bank of the Yangtze River when possible, and if the enemy was overstretched and provided the needed opportunity, the Communist would establish new bases if possible. Under the command of
867:
771:
668:
496:
350:
853:. The destruction of the two nationalist newly organized brigades caused the total collapse in the new nationalist positions on the north bank of the Yangtze river, losing nearly all of the territories newly taken from the Communists during their earlier success, and the Communists thus successfully reestablished their original base on the northern bank of the river.
931:
marked the beginning of the
Communist counteroffensive. In April 1931, the Communist Independent Regiment was expanded to have a second regiment, the 26th Regiment, and the new formation was renamed as the 9th Division of the 3rd Army, even though the new unit is only a brigade-sized formation at the
840:
respectively. After two major clashes at regions of
Sanweisi (三葑寺) and Songbanqiao (松板桥), the Communist attempt to check the Nationalist advance was crashed. Local Communist regular army and the Communist Huarong Guerrillas were forced to withdraw to the north of the Yangtze River by mid-April, and
597:
to the Honghu Soviet for restructuring. To better coordinate administrative activities, CCP Hunan–Western Hubei Bureau was formed, and to better coordinate political activities, CCP provisional Hunan–Western Hubei provincial committee was formed. To better coordinate military affairs, Revolutionary
736:
Communists were fully aware that they were no match for the enemy and reasoned that if they were to concentrate their forces and face off the enemy, they would be annihilated. Instead, the
Communists decided to split their forces into two, operating on both banks of the Yangtze River, and once the
588:
The
Communists were not jubilant after their victory achieved in first encirclement campaign, because they were fully aware the Nationalist withdraw was only temporary and it was only matter of time before the Nationalists resume their assault. To better prepare the defense of their base, the
572:
in Honghu on 1 March 1931. The
Nationalists believed that the poorly supplied Communists had not had sufficient time to recover from the last encirclement campaign, so they wanted to strike quickly. The Nationalist commander-in-chief was the same one who had led the first campaign, 10th Army
844:
While the crack troops of the
Nationalist force was penetrating deep into the enemy territory and taking more lands, their rear was guarded by the second rate troops most consisted of poorly trained conscripts who were drafted just shortly prior to the
732:
and attacked the Communist base on the southern bank. The local Communist force was unable to repel the numerically and technically superior Nationalist force, and was forced to fall back. The Nationalists took Ouchi (藕池) and Shishou (石首) as a result.
831:
In early April, 1931, Nationalist 142nd Brigade of the 48th Division, 44th Brigade of the 15th Division, Newly Organized 11th Division, and the 19th Division attacked toward Eastern Mountain region from Tiaoxuankou (调弦口), Wanyu (万庾),
888:
792:
689:
577:. The 10th Army was not deployed directly in the campaign, but instead, deployed some distance away from the battlefield as strategic reserve. The brunt of the fighting was to be carried out mostly by troops of regional
517:
371:
951:
for the preparation to face off the warlords from the two provinces in case war broke out. Taking advantage of the infighting among the Nationalists themselves, the Communist force on the northern bank of the
1484:
317:
1084:
1480:
753:, the Communist force on the southern bank of the Yangtze River also began guerrilla warfare, and at the same time, a portion of the force penetrated deep into the regions around the
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327:
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741:, the Communist Independent Regiment and CCP party apparatus crossed the Yangtze River, and began guerrilla warfare in the regions of
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285:
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728:
On 1 March 1931, the Nationalist Newly Organized 11th Division and a brigade of the Nationalist 48th Division crossed the
322:
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1234:
1149:
305:
1062:
974:
939:'s own troop, the 10th Army could not offer any help because of the heightened tension between Chiang and warlords in
17:
1157:
997:
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1244:
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877:
781:
678:
506:
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749:, deep behind the Nationalist line in the heart of the Nationalist-controlled area. Under the command
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757:, while another portion of the force escorted the local populace to the Dongshan (东山) region.
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349:
125:
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479:
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130:
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589:
Communists restructured their organization. In the early March 1931, the
948:
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560:
in early February 1931 and the subsequent forced withdraw to regroup,
1094:
1089:
1071:
1048:
746:
594:
62:
989:
927:
The complete recovery of the Communists on the northern bank of the
478:. The Red Army successfully defended their soviet republic against
1172:
66:
993:
171:
860:
764:
661:
489:
343:
935:
As warlords' armies begun to crumble, the strategic reserve,
619:
2 Brigades (including the 142nd Brigade) of the 48th Division
564:
forces launched the second encirclement campaign against the
391:"Second encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet"
456:
second encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet
33:
Second encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet
18:
Second Encirclement Campaign against the Honghu Soviet
847:
first encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet
558:
first encirclement campaign against the Honghu Soviet
591:Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
482:attacks from 1 March, 1931 to early June, 1931.
32:
1005:
183:
8:
1341:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists
895:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
799:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
696:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
524:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
378:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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998:
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915:Learn how and when to remove this message
819:Learn how and when to remove this message
716:Learn how and when to remove this message
544:Learn how and when to remove this message
442:Learn how and when to remove this message
980:History of the People's Liberation Army
947:, so the 10th Army was redeployed to
644:Hunan–Western Hubei Garrison Regiment
251:Resumption of hostilities (1945–1949)
7:
893:adding citations to reliable sources
797:adding citations to reliable sources
694:adding citations to reliable sources
653:Independent battalions of guerrillas
522:adding citations to reliable sources
376:adding citations to reliable sources
1548:Campaigns of the Chinese Civil War
25:
616:44th Brigade of the 15th Division
1481:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan
1165:
1152:
1133:
1117:
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1099:
1088:
1070:
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1037:
970:Outline of the Chinese Civil War
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666:
494:
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216:Outline of the Chinese Civil War
107:
95:
53:March 1, 1931 – early June, 1931
1470:Yangtze River Crossing campaign
239:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
1:
1510:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
1485:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
1077:Constitutional ROC Government
647:Mianyang Independent Regiment
633:9th Division (Brigade-sized)
610:Newly Organized 11th Division
466:that was intended to destroy
323:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
1499:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
1235:Chinese Communist Revolution
1095:Republic of China on Taiwan
1063:National Revolutionary Army
1031:Principal belligerents and
975:National Revolutionary Army
625:Newly Organized 3rd Brigade
622:Newly Organized 2nd Brigade
1569:
1307:Fujian People's Government
1173:People's Republic of China
556:After their defeat in the
1180:
1027:
581:who were nominally loyal
210:
153:
140:
119:
88:
45:
37:
1158:People's Liberation Army
462:launched by the Chinese
1297:Chinese Soviet Republic
1273:Autumn Harvest Uprising
570:revolutionary base area
566:Chinese Communist Party
468:Chinese Communist Party
229:Autumn Harvest Uprising
223:First Phase (1927–1937)
1520:Project National Glory
1495:Hainan Island campaign
1374:Double Tenth Agreement
1370:Chongqing Negotiations
1287:Encirclement campaigns
464:Nationalist Government
234:Encirclement campaigns
120:Commanders and leaders
27:1931 military campaign
1384:Jiaochangkou Incident
460:encirclement campaign
333:Cross-strait conflict
154:Casualties and losses
889:improve this section
793:improve this section
745:, Mianyang (沔阳) and
690:improve this section
636:Independent Regiment
518:improve this section
372:improve this article
1337:Second United Front
1257:Nanjing–Wuhan split
1205:Sun–Joffe Manifesto
1054:National Government
1277:Guangzhou Uprising
1215:First United Front
328:China–Burma border
1535:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1439:Liaoshen campaign
1421:Yu Zisan Incident
1388:Peiping rape case
1357:
1356:
1269:Nanchang uprising
1265:Little Long March
1253:Shanghai massacre
1043:Nationalist Party
1021:Chinese Civil War
925:
924:
917:
829:
828:
821:
726:
725:
718:
650:Training Regiment
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553:
546:
452:
451:
444:
426:
341:
340:
202:Chinese Civil War
199:Campaigns of the
166:
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102:Nationalist China
84:
83:
40:Chinese Civil War
16:(Redirected from
1560:
1453:Pingjin campaign
1449:Huaihai campaign
1398:Marshall Mission
1363:
1362:
1249:Shanghai Commune
1245:Nanking incident
1198:
1197:
1183:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1156:
1137:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1093:
1092:
1081:ROC Armed Forces
1075:
1074:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1014:
1007:
1000:
991:
958:Jiangling County
956:attacked toward
920:
913:
909:
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900:
869:
861:
824:
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813:
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662:
549:
542:
538:
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529:
498:
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476:Chinese Red Army
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440:
436:
433:
427:
425:
384:
352:
344:
205:
203:
192:
185:
178:
169:
114:Chinese Red Army
112:
111:
110:
100:
99:
98:
47:
46:
30:
21:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1561:
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1557:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1501:
1497:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1464:Taiping Steamer
1451:
1437:
1386:
1372:
1358:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
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1166:
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1143:New Fourth Army
1114:Soviet Republic
1105:Communist Party
1097:
1087:
1069:
1046:
1023:
1018:
988:
966:
937:Chiang Kai-shek
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910:
904:
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814:
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805:
790:
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763:
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711:
705:
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602:Order of battle
583:Chiang Kai-shek
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515:
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385:
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266:Northeast China
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108:
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28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
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1327:Xi'an Incident
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1139:8th Route Army
1130:Liberated Area
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1024:
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1016:
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1002:
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987:
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834:Huarong County
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606:Nationalists:
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14:
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4:
3:
2:
1565:
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1553:1931 in China
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1352:Dixie Mission
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954:Yangtze River
950:
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942:
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930:
929:Yangtze River
919:
916:
908:
905:November 2023
898:
894:
890:
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883:
879:
874:This section
872:
868:
863:
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842:
839:
835:
823:
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809:November 2023
802:
798:
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788:
787:
783:
778:This section
776:
772:
767:
766:
760:
758:
756:
755:Dongting Lake
752:
748:
744:
740:
734:
731:
730:Yangtze River
720:
717:
709:
706:November 2023
699:
695:
691:
685:
684:
680:
675:This section
673:
669:
664:
663:
657:
652:
649:
646:
643:
639:26th Regiment
638:
635:
634:
632:
631:
630:
624:
621:
618:
615:
613:19th Division
612:
609:
608:
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601:
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586:
584:
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571:
567:
563:
559:
548:
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534:November 2023
527:
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519:
513:
512:
508:
503:This section
501:
497:
492:
491:
485:
483:
481:
477:
473:
472:Honghu Soviet
469:
465:
461:
457:
446:
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432:November 2023
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357:This article
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1261:715 Incident
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887:Please help
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761:Second stage
739:Duan Dechang
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629:Communists:
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135:Duan Dechang
89:Belligerents
1225:Canton Coup
857:Third stage
658:First stage
575:Xu Yuanquan
562:Nationalist
480:Nationalist
126:Xu Yuanquan
1542:Categories
1408:Operation
1317:Long March
986:References
751:Zhou Yiqun
573:commander
402:newspapers
258:Operation
244:Long March
159:> 4,000
146:>22,000
131:Zhou Yiqun
1516:1961–1972
1506:1950–1958
1445:1948–1949
1410:Beleaguer
1404:1945–1949
1394:1945–1947
1333:1937–1946
1313:1934–1936
1303:1933–1934
1293:1931–1934
1283:1930–1934
1231:1927–1949
1190:Post-1945
1033:campaigns
941:Guangdong
876:does not
780:does not
743:Qianjiang
677:does not
505:does not
359:does not
312:Aftermath
301:Guningtou
260:Beleaguer
78:Communist
1477:Incident
1475:Amethyst
1466:Incident
1435:incident
1186:Pre-1945
1123:Red Army
964:See also
949:Changsha
851:en masse
579:warlords
568:(CCP)'s
474:and its
318:Xinjiang
291:Shanghai
271:Liaoshen
141:Strength
58:Location
38:Part of
1433:Kiangya
945:Guangxi
897:removed
882:sources
838:Yueyang
801:removed
786:sources
698:removed
683:sources
526:removed
511:sources
486:Prelude
458:was an
416:scholar
380:removed
365:sources
306:Wanshan
281:Pingjin
276:Huaihai
80:victory
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836:, and
747:Jianli
595:Xia Xi
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296:Hainan
74:Result
63:Honghu
593:sent
423:JSTOR
409:books
162:Light
149:5,000
67:China
1491:1950
1459:1949
1427:1948
1417:1947
1380:1946
1366:1945
1348:1944
1323:1936
1241:1927
1221:1926
1211:1924
1201:1923
1147:etc.
943:and
880:any
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454:The
395:news
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50:Date
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