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return to the ancestors and God. This led to what became known as a "jazz funeral", with the SAPC members marching in a dirge with a brass band before the deceased body being "cut loose" and a celebratory parade begins. The same club exercised their social aspect with a colorful, annual, public second line parade through their home community.
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The locally best known second line parades are held by clubs and benevolent organizations. Some have long histories; the oldest such organization still holding regular parades is the Young Men
Olympian Junior Benevolent Association, founded in 1884. During the "second line season", lasting most of
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companies often refused to cover free people of color and/or the formerly enslaved. SAPCs assisted members through illness and supported families with burial costs for deceased members. This is a carry-over from
African traditions that believed in celebrating the member's spirit leaving the body to
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featured a second line parade and journalists championed second line culture. The second line culture has maintained a dedicated, organized schedule throughout the history of SAPCs in New
Orleans with clubs enjoying annual parades on their selected dates with those events contributing to the local
237:) and the hottest part of summer, there are second line parades most Sundays. Longer parades often make stops, commonly at bars, where refreshments have been arranged for members and those following the parade for fun can purchase something. There are often vendors selling soft drinks, beer, and
88:, in which participants dance and walk along with the SAPCs in a free-form style with parasols and handkerchiefs, is called "second-lining". It is one of the most foundationally Black American–retentive cultures in the United States. It has been called "the quintessential New Orleans art form – a
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The second line has its origins in traditional West
African circle or ring dances. The second line tradition was brought to New Orleans by enslaved Africans, where it became a ritual for African Americans, especially in various processions, including funerals. Some scholars believe that the West
84:, United States. The "main line" or "first line" is the main section of the parade, or the members of the SAPC with the parading permit as well as the brass band. The second line consists of people who follow the band to enjoy the music, dance, and engage in community. The second line's style of
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without a body". Another significant difference from jazz funerals is that second line parades lack the slow hymns and dirges played at funerals (although some organizations may have the band play a solemn selection toward the start of the parade in memory of members who died since their last
326:, the sheer number of events with thousands of people since that time have been lively, fun and memorable - taking place without incident. Violence has marred some parades in recent years, including the May 12, 2013 Mother's Day Parade shooting where 19 were wounded and one was trampled.
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by the enslaved given the day off on
Sundays. These dances were officially banned for a time because they were deemed threatening to the white inhabitants of the city, and their resurgence in the second line culture suggests a similar celebration of individual freedom.
319:. The Black Men of Labor held the first SAPC second line parade in October 2005. New residents of New Orleans embraced the second line tradition and parade routes were publicized online inviting outsiders to participate.
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African ring featured children drumming with adults dancing that in turn, forced the ring to straighten into a line. Others note the similarity of the steps – exaggerated, stylistic strutting – to dances performed in
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Additional second lines, large or small, may be held for any event which people think merits hiring a parading band for such a style of celebration, including weddings and opening of businesses.
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economy. The clubs never lost their
African-based traditions and mores and immediately restored their scheduled parades as soon as New Orleans reopened to its citizens after the devastation of
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figures that can inspire second line dancers or, if the band is improvising, the band itself. Second line drumming styles became a feature of early jazz drumming and the New
Orleans
366:– the magazine of the New Orleans jazz club, started in 1950 – took its name from the second lining tradition, which by that time included fans of jazz music, both black and white.
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Local jazz singer Jane Harvey Brown leads the way as grand marshal for a brass band at a second line in the French
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African and
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has a growing Mardi Gras celebration including parades organized by the
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This African-culture-based/New Orleans phenomenon, has been captured and presented in other parts of the country; the
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The Magic Smelt Puppet Troupe hosts their annual "Run, Smelt, Run!" second line parade every spring to celebrate the
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A second line snare drummer commonly follows the brass band, playing off the marching beat with improvised
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Members of Social Aid & Pleasure Clubs sponsor second line parades where they turn out in their finery.
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Second Line parades have been taking place since the late 1800s and with innumerable SAPC events and
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has the Asheville second line Band, which marches at parades and other local events.
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Exuberant dancing in the streets and sidewalks is part of the second line experience.
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400:. photographs by Eric Waters. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
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each day of the festival to give visitors a taste of this New Orleans tradition.
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52:"Sons of Hope and the Annual Parade of the Young Veterans", New Orleans c. 1902
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was started by the second line Social Aid and Pleasure Society Brass Band.
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628:, Danielle Dreilinger, November 23, 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
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feature traditional second line drumming styles. Drummers such as
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640:"First rate Second Line: Asheville's Mardi Gras marching band"
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Freedom's Dance: Social, Aid and Pleasure Clubs in New Orleans
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The historic predominantly African-American neighborhoods of
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Mothers Day shooting gang feud related target of authorities
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Blues for New Orleans: Mardi Gras and America's Creole soul
687:"Run Smelt Run: A Puppet Spectacle and Second Line Parade"
952:
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Bunny Friend Park shooting: What we know Monday morning
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Jazz religion, the second line, and Black New Orleans
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and "Social, Aid & Pleasure Clubs" because white
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217:adapted second line drum figures to modern jazz.
294:A second line parade was featured in the 1973
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233:the year with breaks for holidays (including
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797:Mardi Gras Digest: History of the Secondline
755:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdxDDcULwKQ
161:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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574:List of Treme episodes#Season 1 .282010.29
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432:Nine Lives: Death and Life in New Orleans
181:Learn how and when to remove this message
546:"Tis the season for second-line parades"
468:Richard Brent Turner (August 11, 2009).
285:New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival
3287:African-American history in New Orleans
375:
435:. New York: Spiegel and Grau. p.
787:Jazz Times: New Orleans’ second lines
783:– including pictures of second-liners
7:
638:Marshall, Alli (February 14, 2015).
225:Second line parades are part of the
159:adding citations to reliable sources
757:, www.facebook.com/fatcitybrassband
712:Martin Halliwell (March 15, 2007).
589:"Celebrating, in Spite of the Risk"
25:
3202:Album covers of Blue Note Records
3250:
514:University of Pennsylvania Press
131:
27:New Orleans brass band tradition
1769:Dance in mythology and religion
833:Louisiana roots music and dance
772:"Love and Death at second line"
2582:Institutions and organizations
659:Tyska, Jane (March 16, 2018).
1:
2279:Cool jazz and West Coast jazz
715:American culture in the 1950s
559:accompli (October 28, 2009).
74:Social Aid and Pleasure Clubs
648:. Asheville, North Carolina.
506:Abrahams, Roger D. (2006).
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720:Edinburgh University Press
287:holds second lines at the
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2608:See Template: Jazz theory
990:
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792:The New Orleans Jazz Club
691:Magic Smelt Puppet Troupe
344:Asheville, North Carolina
340:Somerville, Massachusetts
476:Indiana University Press
474:. Bloomington, Indiana:
396:Celestan, Karen (2018).
3282:Culture of New Orleans
207:Dirty Dozen Brass Band
82:New Orleans, Louisiana
61:
53:
45:
37:
753:Fat City Brass Band,
59:
51:
43:
35:
2996:Bibliography of jazz
2776:Continental European
1734:Dance and disability
563:– via YouTube.
221:Modern second lining
155:improve this section
123:Second line drumming
112:Benevolent Societies
3237:Straight, No Chaser
3026:Straight-ahead jazz
2483:Winter & Winter
1932:French horn in jazz
1779:Dance on television
937:New Orleans R&B
927:New Orleans hip hop
777:, 20 February 2004.
348:Oakland, California
201:of the 1950s. The
3277:Dance in Louisiana
3181:West African music
3006:British dance band
2796:European free jazz
2769:British dance band
2262:Musicians by genre
2042:Free improvisation
722:. pp. 140–1.
667:. Walnut Creek, CA
561:"Live and Let Die"
429:Baum, Dan (2009).
203:Rebirth Brass Band
68:is a tradition in
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18:Second line parade
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1912:Swing performance
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1774:Dance occupations
1711:Wallis and Futuna
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915:New Orleans blues
729:978-0-7486-1885-9
523:978-0-8122-3959-1
516:. pp. 31–2.
485:978-0-253-22120-9
352:Duluth, Minnesota
317:Hurricane Katrina
227:cultural heritage
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86:traditional dance
16:(Redirected from
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2423:India Navigation
2121:Progressive jazz
1975:Avant-garde jazz
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1794:Dance technology
1739:Dance and health
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767:, 29 August 2006
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1870:Outline of jazz
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1010:List of dancers
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2218:Percussionists
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2141:Spiritual jazz
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1863:General topics
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1814:Women in dance
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1005:List of dances
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794:
789:
784:
781:A Jazz Funeral
778:
770:Nick Spitzer,
768:
760:Nick Spitzer,
758:
749:
748:External links
746:
743:
742:
728:
704:
678:
665:East Bay Times
651:
630:
608:
597:. May 14, 2013
594:New York Times
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215:Idris Muhammad
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26:
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3186:Western swing
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2909:New York City
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2833:Flamenco jazz
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2659:South African
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2356:Discographies
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2163:Swing revival
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2023:
2022:Flamenco jazz
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
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1996:
1993:
1991:
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1986:
1983:
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1957:Women in jazz
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1948:
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1943:
1942:Jazz trombone
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1922:Jazz drumming
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1890:Improvisation
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1789:Dance science
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1764:Dance in film
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1749:Dance costume
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1524:Faroe Islands
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1141:Neo-Burlesque
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1046:open position
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1039:
1037:
1036:close embrace
1034:
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1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:Participation
1017:
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769:
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747:
731:
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721:
718:. Edinburgh:
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544:Cotton, Red.
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446:9780385523196
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407:9780807168837
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329:
327:
325:
324:jazz funerals
320:
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211:Billy Higgins
208:
204:
200:
196:
185:
182:
174:
164:
160:
156:
150:
149:
145:
140:This section
138:
134:
129:
128:
122:
120:
117:
113:
108:
105:
96:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:(SAPCs) with
75:
72:organized by
71:
67:
58:
50:
42:
34:
30:
19:
3248:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3217:(miniseries)
3214:
3206:
3176:Sophisti-pop
2620:
2606:
2597:Jazz royalty
2587:Jazz funeral
2383:Contemporary
2274:Chamber jazz
2228:Saxophonists
2198:Clarinetists
2170:Third stream
2007:Chamber jazz
1907:Scat singing
1799:Dance troupe
1744:Dance awards
1639:Pontic Greek
1346:Dance theory
1336:Choreography
1248:Contemporary
941:
903:Jazz funeral
876:Creole music
774:
764:
733:. Retrieved
714:
707:
697:December 29,
695:. Retrieved
690:
681:
671:December 29,
669:. Retrieved
664:
654:
643:
633:
623:
611:
599:. Retrieved
592:
569:
554:
539:
527:. Retrieved
508:
501:
489:. Retrieved
470:
463:
431:
424:
397:
361:
360:
338:Festival in
333:
330:Other places
323:
321:
309:
299:
293:
289:Fair Grounds
265:Seventh Ward
261:Central City
254:
251:
241:, including
231:
224:
195:polyrhythmic
192:
177:
168:
153:Please help
141:
109:
104:Congo Square
100:
90:jazz funeral
65:
63:
29:
3159:Quiet storm
3122:Contradanza
2904:New Orleans
2899:Kansas City
2702:Jazz mugham
2697:Azerbaijani
2621:Second line
2616:Rare groove
2602:Jazz theory
2592:Jazz poetry
2577:Contrafacts
2561:Saint Lucia
2541:New Orleans
2473:Strata-East
2448:MPS Records
2378:Cobblestone
2299:Smooth jazz
2289:Jazz fusion
2233:Trombonists
2146:Sacred jazz
2131:Smooth jazz
2064:Jazz fusion
1947:Jazz violin
1927:Jazz guitar
1902:Jam session
1875:Jazz (word)
1629:Philippines
1614:Netherlands
1604:Middle East
1156:Table dance
1121:Go go dance
1101:Competitive
942:Second line
920:Swamp blues
854:Cajun music
849:Brass Bands
735:November 6,
529:October 30,
491:October 30,
239:street food
80:parades in
66:second line
3271:Categories
3144:Brass band
3132:Jump blues
2976:Ethno jazz
2939:Australian
2919:West Coast
2676:Zimbabwean
2516:Copenhagen
2438:Mainstream
2248:Violinists
2238:Trumpeters
2208:Guitarists
2116:Organ trio
2101:Modal jazz
2074:Latin jazz
2054:Gypsy jazz
1952:Vocal jazz
1937:Jazz piano
1696:Uzbekistan
1464:Azerbaijan
1373:Musicality
1341:Connection
1298:Postmodern
1268:Historical
1151:Striptease
1146:Pole dance
1096:Ceremonial
1051:slow dance
370:References
296:James Bond
277:Ninth Ward
235:Mardi Gras
78:brass band
3112:Acid jazz
2969:Worldwide
2955:Brazilian
2752:Bulgarian
2714:Indo jazz
2664:Cape jazz
2551:North Sea
2506:Cape Town
2493:Festivals
2468:Riverside
2443:Milestone
2368:Blue Note
2363:Bethlehem
2347:post-1950
2319:Standards
2304:Soul jazz
2253:Vocalists
2213:Organists
2185:Musicians
2175:Trad jazz
2136:Soul jazz
2059:Jazz-funk
2047:Punk jazz
2037:Free funk
2032:Free jazz
2027:Folk jazz
2017:Dixieland
2012:Cool jazz
2002:Cape jazz
1917:Jazz bass
1880:Jazz band
1701:Venezuela
1664:Sri Lanka
1659:Singapore
1619:Nicaragua
1549:Indonesia
1454:Australia
1323:Technique
1221:formation
1136:Lap dance
898:Dixieland
869:Swamp pop
859:Cajun Jig
455:229027459
416:991753954
247:yaka mein
171:June 2023
142:does not
116:insurance
93:parade).
3117:Afrobeat
3031:Pre-1920
3016:Jazz Age
2932:Oceanian
2882:American
2856:Canadian
2740:European
2731:Japanese
2692:Armenian
2654:Malawian
2649:Ethiopia
2536:Montreux
2531:Montreal
2526:Monterey
2463:Prestige
2433:Landmark
2418:Impulse!
2398:ESP-Disk
2327:Pre-1920
2284:Hard bop
2223:Pianists
2203:Drummers
2193:Bassists
2126:Ska jazz
2069:Jazz rap
1995:Post-bop
1985:Hard bop
1885:Big band
1716:Zimbabwe
1669:Thailand
1594:Malaysia
1579:Kiribati
1489:Cameroon
1484:Cambodia
1474:Bulgaria
1449:Assyrian
1418:national
1413:Regional
1393:Spotting
1388:Sequence
1366:glossary
1313:Two-step
1258:Flamenco
1243:Breaking
1238:Boogaloo
1216:Ballroom
1161:Twerking
1126:Grinding
1111:Ecstatic
625:Nola.com
281:Mid-City
243:barbecue
205:and the
3164:Ragtime
3149:Exotica
3105:Related
3011:Ragtime
2989:History
2894:Chicago
2861:Haitian
2840:Swedish
2828:Spanish
2811:Italian
2764:British
2759:Belgian
2726:Iranian
2642:African
2570:Culture
2546:Newport
2521:Jakarta
2511:Chicago
2408:Freedom
2106:Nu jazz
1990:Neo-bop
1726:Related
1706:Vietnam
1679:Ukraine
1589:Kurdish
1559:Ireland
1539:Hungary
1529:Georgia
1514:Denmark
1504:Croatia
1469:Belarus
1459:Austria
1444:Armenia
1434:Albania
1398:Turnout
1283:Lyrical
1263:Hip-hop
1106:Concert
1031:Partner
1000:Outline
601:May 14,
308:series
273:Marigny
163:removed
148:sources
97:Origins
70:parades
2816:Polish
2806:German
2801:French
2786:Danish
2747:Balkan
2709:Indian
2669:Marabi
2626:Venues
2153:Stride
2096:Marabi
2086:M-Base
1967:Genres
1674:Turkey
1654:Serbia
1649:Russia
1644:Romani
1634:Poland
1599:Mexico
1564:Israel
1534:Greece
1519:Europe
1494:Canada
1429:Africa
1420:dances
1378:Pointe
1351:Graham
1331:Ballet
1288:Modern
1211:Ballet
1198:Styles
1183:Street
1178:Sacred
1116:Erotic
1088:Social
1076:square
1061:contra
1056:circle
881:Zydeco
844:Bounce
726:
520:
482:
453:
443:
414:
404:
269:Uptown
3195:Media
3154:Plugg
3127:Blues
3081:2010s
3076:2000s
3071:1990s
3066:1980s
3061:1970s
3056:1960s
3051:1950s
3046:1940s
3041:1930s
3036:1920s
3001:Blues
2871:Cuban
2791:Dutch
2719:Sitar
2685:Asian
2478:Verve
2342:1940s
2337:1930s
2332:1920s
2309:Swing
2269:Bebop
2158:Swing
1980:Bebop
1609:Nepal
1584:Korea
1574:Japan
1569:Italy
1544:India
1499:China
1403:Turns
1361:Moves
1303:Swing
1293:Polka
1278:Latin
1233:Belly
1226:waltz
1071:round
995:Index
984:Dance
358:run.
356:smelt
336:HONK!
311:Tremé
298:film
257:Tremé
3215:Jazz
3208:Bird
3096:2022
3091:2021
3086:2020
2821:Yass
2556:Pori
2458:Muse
2294:Scat
1895:Jazz
1856:Jazz
1624:Peru
1554:Iran
1509:Cuba
1439:Arab
1383:Pole
1273:Jazz
1206:Acro
1168:Folk
1066:line
1026:Solo
893:Jazz
737:2011
724:ISBN
699:2019
673:2019
603:2013
531:2011
518:ISBN
493:2011
480:ISBN
451:OCLC
441:ISBN
412:OCLC
402:ISBN
259:and
245:and
213:and
146:any
144:cite
64:The
2453:MPS
2428:JMT
2393:ECM
2388:CTI
2373:BYG
1308:Tap
1188:War
437:120
306:HBO
157:by
3273::
689:.
663:.
642:.
622:,
591:.
580:^
449:.
439:.
410:.
378:^
279:,
275:,
271:,
267:,
249:.
1848:e
1841:t
1834:v
1422:)
1416:(
976:e
969:t
962:v
825:e
818:t
811:v
739:.
701:.
675:.
618:.
605:.
548:.
533:.
495:.
457:.
418:.
184:)
178:(
173:)
169:(
165:.
151:.
20:)
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