54:
166:
24:
3061:, a form of deception which does not involve outright lying, in specific circumstances including when such an action is necessary to protect secrecy under the seal of the confessional. Other casuists considered "grey areas" in which it was unclear whether or not the seal was being violated. A priest who says "I do not know" is thus to be understood as saying "I do not know with knowledge outside the Seal of the Confessional";
3721:
3119:
2733:
120:
2933:
Given the delicacy and greatness of this ministry and the respect due to persons, the Church declares that every priest who hears confessions is bound under very severe penalties to keep absolute secrecy regarding the sins that his penitents have confessed to him. He can make no use of knowledge that
3019:
Priests may not reveal what they have learned during confession to anyone, even under the threat of their own death or that of others. Punishment for breaking the seal of the confessional is conferred by the severity of the violation: "a confessor who directly violates the seal of the confessional",
2899:
devotes one article to the seal of confession, explaining that the seal may not be violated, including regarding matters that might indirectly lead to the seal's violation, not even violated by those who hear the confession. Thomas gives two reasons for the seal's inviolability: the seal is divinely
2858:
about 1151. It includes the following declaration of the law as to the seal of confession: "Let the priest who dares to make known the sins of his penitent be deposed." Gratian goes on to say that the violator of this law should be made a lifelong, ignominious wanderer. Notably, neither the
Lateran
3068:
It is permissible (though by no means necessary) for a priest to talk indirectly about some information he has or has not heard in confessions over the years as part of a homily or teaching lecture as long as he says or does nothing that would connect this information to any specific person. For
2823:
Let the priest absolutely beware that he does not by word or sign or by any manner whatever in any way betray the sinner: but if he should happen to need wiser counsel let him cautiously seek the same without any mention of person. For whoever shall dare to reveal a sin disclosed to him in the
3039:
made it a practice to attach an excommunication to indirect violations of the seal. Those who are privy to another person's confession either as an interpreter or by accidental circumstance are likewise punished according to the gravity of their delict "not excluding excommunication".
3012:, "The sacramental seal is inviolable; therefore it is absolutely forbidden for a confessor to betray in any way a penitent in words or in any manner and for any reason." The confessor is always an ordained priest, because in the Catholic Church only ordained priests can absolve sins;
2952:
979:
3182:
ruled in 2014 that a priest may be compelled to testify about what he was told in the confessional regarding a particular sexual abuse case, leaving the priest at risk of excommunication if he even confirms that a confession took place, or jail for
2912:, "the faithful are to be admonished that there is no reason whatever to apprehend that what is made known in confession will ever be revealed by the priest to anyone, or that by it the penitent can at any time be brought into danger of any sort
2802:(confession). Even where the seal of confession does not strictly apply – where there is no specific serious sin confessed for the purpose of receiving absolution – priests have a serious obligation not to cause scandal by the way they speak.
3081:
There are limited cases where portions of a confession may be revealed to others, but always with the penitent's permission and never by revealing the penitent's identity. This is the case, for example, with more serious offenses, as some
2631:
3031:". One who breaks the seal "indirectly" (that is, through their words and actions make known a particular penitent's sins and somehow connects those sins to the penitent) would be punished according to the "gravity of the offence". Both
3090:
must be obtained. In these cases, the priest hearing the confession asks the permission of the penitent to write a petition, using pseudonyms and containing the absolute minimum information necessary, to the bishop or to the
3095:, the cardinal delegated by the Pope to handle such requests. This request may be forwarded, sealed, through the apostolic delegate or nuncio in a country (the Pope's ambassador), to be guarded by the privilege of a
2934:
confession gives him about penitents' lives. This secret, which admits of no exceptions, is called the "sacramental seal", because what the penitent has made known to the priest remains "sealed" by the sacrament.
3069:
example, he could choose to mention "I've heard the confession of a sex offender", or "I've almost never heard anyone explicitly confess a failure to help the poor." However, the
Catholic Church punishes with
1732:
2995:
3136:
2444:
2143:
3731:
2133:
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3510:
2824:
tribunal of penance we decree that he shall be not only deposed from the priestly office but that he shall also be sent into the confinement of a monastery to do perpetual penance.
2138:
148:
2922:
in his catechism taught that "the confessor is bound by the seal of confession under the gravest sin and under threat of the severest punishments both temporal and eternal."
2939:
2916:
Let the priest, says the great
Council of Lateran, take special care, neither by word or sign, nor by any other means whatever, to betray in the least degree the sinner."
3175:
about facts known to them. In many cases, the rule of evidence of confessional privilege forbids judicial inquiry into communications made under the seal of confession.
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272:
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should he refuse to testify. However, the Court later ruled that a priest has no duty to report confidential information heard during a sacramental confession.
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745:
3692:
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32:
716:
174:
3489:
Vatican: Presentation of the Note of the
Apostolic Penitentiary on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the sacramental seal
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speaks of two reasons why a priest is bound to keep secret a confession, the first being on account of the
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2002:
1952:
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3668:"Priests can't legally be forced to reveal what's heard in confessional, Louisiana Supreme Court rules"
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of the seal of the confessional in the
Catholic Church, choosing to die rather than violate the seal.
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goes even further and says that the priest knows the confession "not as man, but as God knows it".
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CBS: Vatican court rejects laws obligating priests to report sexual abuse revealed in confessions
3395:
3178:
There may be conflict between the obligation of confidentiality of confession and civil law. The
3078:
anyone who records by any technical means or divulges what is said by the confessor or penitent.
3058:
2819:(1215), binding on the whole church, laid down the obligation of secrecy in the following words:
2737:
2362:
1959:
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925:
821:
638:
505:
261:
217:
3171:
The law of different jurisdictions in general requires people under certain circumstances to
3234:
2894:
2877:
because it is almost (quasi) of the essence of the sacrament to keep secret the confession.
2870:
2843:
2688:
2668:
2619:
2592:
2576:
2509:
2097:
1935:
1243:
1215:
874:
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593:
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210:
79:
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Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the
Sacramental Seal
2909:
2775:
2718:
2695:
2673:
2566:
2556:
2069:
2064:
1751:
1507:
980:
Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the
Sacramental Seal
907:
757:
669:
425:
92:
45:
3617:[Decree concerning the excommunication of the person who discloses confessions].
3238:, a 1953 Alfred Hitchcock film in which priest-penitent privilege is prominently featured
2794:
or anyone who happens to hear a confession not to disclose anything that they learn from
554:
3016:
is not recognized. Any person who overhears a confession is likewise bound by the seal.
23:
3610:
3096:
3062:
3054:
3013:
2663:
2604:
2383:
2235:
1982:
1922:
1866:
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779:
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517:
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561:
291:
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Catholic News Agency: Seal of confession is an 'intrinsic requirement,' Vatican says
3320:
2514:
2423:
2305:
2033:
1796:
1758:
1696:
1432:
1332:
1032:
807:
347:
3544:
Irish Times: Efforts to force priests to divulge confession secrets 'unacceptable'
2865:
purports to enact for the first time the secrecy of confession. The 15th-century
3446:"Catechism of the Catholic Church - The sacrament of penance and reconciliation"
3118:
2919:
2377:
2054:
2044:
1519:
1102:
1040:
938:
546:
533:
2732:
2632:
Congregation for
Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
119:
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2215:
2092:
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1975:
1968:
1680:
1612:
1512:
1046:
524:
68:
3693:"These priests were martyred for refusing to violate the seal of confession"
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2012:
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1326:
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1022:
902:
859:
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511:
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3511:
Reuters: Vatican defends confessional secret as sexual abuse crisis stings
3370:
3619:
2795:
2239:
2022:
1801:
1779:
1027:
834:
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3143: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2967:
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1669:
1441:
1427:
1210:
1172:
1134:
706:
606:
368:
3615:"Decreto riguardante la scomunica a colui che divulga le confessioni"
2791:
1702:
1636:
711:
3421:"Catechism of St. Pius X: The Sacraments – The Sacrament of Penance"
3086:
offenses are reserved to the Holy See and their permission to grant
3724: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2960:
explained that the sacramental seal is universally and permanently
3293:"Besides the Priest, Who Else is Bound by the Seal of Confession?"
1733:
Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of
Catholic canon law
3639:"Priest could be jailed for refusing to break seal of Confession"
3522:
Katv: Amid sex abuse scandals, Vatican upholds confession secrecy
3371:"SUMMA THEOLOGIAE: The seal of confession (Supplementum, Q. 11)"
1282:
3533:
WSJ: Vatican Hits Back at
Attempts to Break Confession Secrecy
3112:
3020:
that is: explicitly connects a sin to a penitent, "incurs a
2838:
at the year 1215; Mansi or Harduin, "Coll. conciliorum"
2144:
List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church
2134:
List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church
3468:"Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church"
2139:
List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church
2940:Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church
2942:elaborates that a confessor is bound to secrecy.
1167:Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis
273:Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis
3272:Seal of the Confessional and the Lutheran Church
3267:Seal of the Confessional and the Anglican Church
2850:and the principles of church law, published the
1830:Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church
3396:"The Roman Catechism: The Sacraments – Penance"
3365:
3363:
2931:
2821:
2343:Beatification and canonization process in 1914
2755:
142:
8:
2833:
746:Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite
3229:Confessional privilege in the United States
3073:
3048:
3021:
2965:
2892:
2860:
2851:
2211:Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
3625:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
2900:instituted and the seal prevents scandal.
2762:
2748:
2615:Canonical erection of a house of religious
2226:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
160:
149:
135:
18:
3159:Learn how and when to remove this message
717:Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful
1657:Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts
3283:
753:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
181:
64:Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation
39:
2846:, who compiled the edicts of previous
691:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
227:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
16:Confidentiality of Catholic confession
3581:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3322:"Law of the Seal of Confession"
2312:Congregation for the Causes of Saints
1607:Delegata potestas non potest delegari
1554:Association of the Christian faithful
697:Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII
7:
3314:
3312:
3257:Priest-penitent privilege in England
3141:adding citations to reliable sources
2470:Journals and Professional Societies
2202:(tribunals & ministers/parties)
3262:Priest-penitent privilege in France
1294:Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures
14:
3732:The Law of the Seal of Confession
3666:Gyan, Joe Jr. (28 October 2016).
3043:In the Early Modern period, some
3719:
3117:
3103:Recognition by civil authorities
2927:Catechism of the Catholic Church
2731:
1691:Resignation of the Roman Pontiff
944:Approbation (Catholic canon law)
397:Collectiones canonum Dionysianae
164:
118:
52:
22:
3128:needs additional citations for
1882:Incardination and excardination
1545:Types of membership of Opus Dei
1278:Supreme authority of the Church
898:Impediment (Catholic canon law)
404:Collectio canonum quadripartita
3586:Code of Canon Law c. 1386 §1–3
2887:Thomistic sacramental theology
2439:Legal practice and scholarship
2348:Election of the Roman Pontiff
2174:Lifetime of prayer and penance
1130:Canonical form (Latin Church)
418:Collectio canonum Wigorniensis
411:Collectio canonum Quesnelliana
1:
3566:Code of Canon Law c. 983 §1–2
2817:Fourth Council of the Lateran
2638:Institute of consecrated life
614:Apostolicae Sedis moderationi
583:
487:
391:Collections of ancient canons
353:
3754:Confession (Catholic Church)
3425:Catholic Information Network
3400:Catholic Information Network
3357:, Frankfort, 1703, arg. 378.
3291:Caridi, Cathy (2016-02-04).
3008:According to Roman Catholic
2848:Catholic Ecumenical Councils
2475:Canon Law Society of America
2368:Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI
2103:Censure (Catholic canon law)
1931:Associations of the faithful
1916:Juridic and physical persons
1564:Quinquennial visit ad limina
920:Nullity of Sacred Ordination
87:Reconciliatio et paenitentia
3247:Physician–patient privilege
2929:teaches in paragraph 1467:
2610:Manifestation of Conscience
2445:List of legal abbreviations
1825:Person (Catholic canon law)
975:Internal and external forum
453:Lay investiture controversy
376:The Apostolic Constitutions
3780:
3106:
2991:Excessive citations inline
2884:
2790:) is the absolute duty of
2553:Modern & Contemporary
2216:Tribunal of the Roman Rota
1887:Laicization (dispensation)
1676:Obreption & subreption
1589:Canonically crowned images
1274:, and canonical structures
436:Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals
41:Penance and Reconciliation
3759:Priest–penitent privilege
3353:Cf. also Jos. Mascardus,
3252:Priest-penitent privilege
3224:Attorney–client privilege
3109:Priest–penitent privilege
2859:canon nor the law of the
2798:during the course of the
2712:Society of apostolic life
2403:Romano Pontifici eligendo
1877:Clerics and public office
1774:Temporal goods (property)
1344:Local particular churches
1338:Eastern Catholic Churches
1229:Ratum sed non consummatum
2784:Seal of the Confessional
2357:Universi Dominici gregis
1373:Apostolic administration
1223:Matrimonial dispensation
1097:Fast days and abstinence
1003:Sacramentum Poenitentiae
970:Seal of the Confessional
74:Seal of the Confessional
3204:Fernando Olmedo Reguera
3200:Mateo Correa Magallanes
3180:Louisiana Supreme Court
2996:considered for deletion
2487:Faculties of canon law
2455:Licentiate of Canon Law
2317:Maiorem hac dilectionem
2283:Appeal as from an abuse
2109:De delictis gravioribus
1378:Apostolic administrator
1186:Impediments to Marriage
1053:Indulgentiarum doctrina
541:Decretals of Gregory IX
441:Donation of Constantine
306:Orientalium ecclesiarum
248:Indulgentiarum Doctrina
3093:Apostolic Penitentiary
3074:
3049:
3022:
2966:
2958:Apostolic Penitentiary
2946:Apostolic Penitentiary
2936:
2893:
2861:
2852:
2841:
2834:
2738:Catholicism portal
2703:Provida Mater Ecclesia
2410:Ingravescentem aetatem
2221:Apostolic Penitentiary
2121:Crimen sollicitationis
2003:Apostolic constitution
1953:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
1872:Obligation of celibacy
1416:Moderator of the Curia
1348:Appointment of bishops
1155:Declaration of Nullity
1111:Holy day of obligation
1018:Eucharistic discipline
987:Apostolic Penitentiary
962:Paenitentiale Theodori
939:Episcopal consecrators
915:Obligation of celibacy
861:Communicatio in sacris
840:Holy day of obligation
787:Scripturarum thesaurus
766:Sacrosanctum Concilium
741:General Roman Calendar
383:Canons of the Apostles
328:Precepts of the Church
320:Sacrosanctum concilium
279:Second Vatican Council
125:Catholicism portal
108:Lamentabili sane exitu
102:Apostolic Penitentiary
3737:Catholic Encyclopedia
3730:Nolan, R.S. (1912). "
3613:(23 September 1988).
3328:Catholic Encyclopedia
3208:Pedro Marieluz Garces
2981:freedom of conscience
2835:Histoire des Conciles
2396:Aeterni Patris Filius
2232:Ministers of Justice
2184:Ecclesiastical prison
2179:Canonical admonitions
1996:Protonotary apostolic
1473:Anglicanorum Coetibus
1306:Conference of bishops
801:Quattuor abhinc annos
794:Liturgiam authenticam
499:Corpus Juris Canonici
363:Ancient Church Orders
313:Presbyterorum ordinis
255:Praedicate evangelium
3697:Catholic News Agency
3319:Nolan, R.S. (1912).
3137:improve this article
2983:, despite civil law.
2800:Sacrament of Penance
2520:Raymond of Penyafort
2279:(matrimonial causes)
2255:Defender of the Bond
2115:Complicit absolution
2075:Ecclesiastical Latin
1715:Validity and liceity
1584:Canonical coronation
1467:Personal ordinariate
1454:Military ordinariate
1300:College of Cardinals
1181:Defender of the Bond
997:Complicit absolution
881:Validity and liceity
829:Traditionis custodes
665:Papal judge-delegate
473:Plenitudo potestatis
431:Symmachian forgeries
97:Restoration of Peter
3297:Canon Law Made Easy
2977:freedom of religion
2811:Ecumenical councils
2782:(also known as the
2644:Religious institute
2530:Johannes Teutonicus
2492:School of Canon Law
2465:Doctor of both laws
2460:Doctor of Canon Law
2297:Vos estis lux mundi
2168:ferendae sententiae
2158:Laicization (penal)
1946:Canonical documents
1902:Canonical provision
1892:Canonical faculties
1596:Computation of time
1405:In persona episcopi
1391:Aeque principaliter
1385:Diocese/Archdiocese
1361:Apostolic vicariate
1318:Particular churches
1268:Supreme authority,
1201:Impediment of crime
934:Dimissorial letters
815:Summorum Pontificum
3059:mental reservation
2780:Seal of Confession
2363:Papal renunciation
2270:(trial procedure)
1960:Acta Sanctae Sedis
1907:Canonical election
1540:Personal prelature
1535:Pontifical council
1288:College of Bishops
992:Canon penitentiary
956:Penitential canons
773:Mysterii Paschalis
659:Contractum trinius
466:Libertas ecclesiae
241:Ex corde Ecclesiae
3607:Ratzinger, Joseph
3375:www.newadvent.org
3344:, dist. VI, c. II
3185:contempt of court
3169:
3168:
3161:
3037:Pope Benedict XVI
3033:Pope John Paul II
2975:, and as part of
2908:According to the
2772:
2771:
2683:Secular institute
2540:Burchard of Worms
2535:Geoffrey of Trani
2450:Academic degrees
2390:Papal appointment
2323:Advocatus Diaboli
2276:Dignitas connubii
1725:Apostolic visitor
1624:Taxa Innocentiana
1503:Collegiate church
1254:Petrine privilege
1249:Pauline privilege
1236:Sanatio in radice
1206:Disparity of cult
1161:Dignitas connubii
1148:Banns of marriage
926:Apostolicae curae
822:Magnum principium
647:Code of Canon Law
639:Ecclesiae Sanctae
632:Code of Canon Law
506:Decretum Gratiani
277:Documents of the
262:Veritatis gaudium
218:Magnum principium
204:Code of Canon Law
159:
158:
3771:
3741:
3723:
3722:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3603:
3597:
3596:Supp. 11 I ad 2.
3594:
3588:
3583:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3367:
3358:
3355:De probationibus
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3288:
3164:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3144:
3121:
3113:
3097:diplomatic pouch
3077:
3075:latae sententiae
3052:
3027:
3024:latae sententiae
2999:
2971:
2915:
2898:
2895:Summa Theologiae
2881:Thomist theology
2871:William Lyndwood
2864:
2857:
2839:
2837:
2815:Canon 21 of the
2788:Sacramental Seal
2764:
2757:
2750:
2736:
2735:
2689:Cum Sanctissimus
2669:Mendicant orders
2620:Pontifical right
2593:consecrated life
2577:Edward N. Peters
2292:Penal procedure
2164:Latae sententiae
1936:Consecrated life
1495:Team of priests
1311:Synod of Bishops
1244:Natural marriage
1216:Public propriety
875:Omnium in mentem
868:Ex opere operato
594:Council of Trent
588:
585:
492:
489:
448:Gregorian Reform
358:
355:
285:Christus Dominus
234:Ad tuendam fidem
211:Omnium in mentem
183:Canon law of the
168:
161:
151:
144:
137:
123:
122:
80:Misericordia Dei
56:
26:
19:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3764:Sacramental law
3744:
3743:
3740:. Vol. 13.
3729:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3644:Catholic Herald
3637:
3636:
3632:
3611:Bovone, Alberto
3605:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3571:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3527:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3336:
3331:. Vol. 13.
3318:
3317:
3310:
3301:
3299:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3220:
3196:John of Nepomuk
3193:
3165:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3134:
3122:
3111:
3105:
3071:excommunication
3029:excommunication
3006:
2984:
2964:as a matter of
2948:
2913:
2910:Roman Catechism
2906:
2889:
2883:
2840:
2828:
2813:
2808:
2776:Catholic Church
2768:
2730:
2725:
2724:
2719:Decretum laudis
2696:Primo Feliciter
2674:Clerics regular
2595:
2584:
2583:
2567:Pietro Gasparri
2557:Eugenio Corecco
2440:
2432:
2431:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2129:Excommunication
2088:
2080:
2079:
2070:Parish register
1969:Censor librorum
1947:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1914:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1752:Treatise on Law
1579:
1569:
1568:
1508:Parish register
1484:Juridic persons
1366:Apostolic vicar
1302:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1126:
1124:Matrimonial law
1116:
1115:
908:Defect of birth
855:
853:Sacramental law
845:
844:
758:Code of Rubrics
735:
727:
726:
685:
675:
674:
670:Right of option
625:(1918-present)
600:Benedictus Deus
586:
490:
426:Gelasian Decree
356:
343:
333:
332:
197:
185:Catholic Church
184:
155:
117:
46:Catholic Church
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3777:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3746:
3745:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3684:
3658:
3647:. 11 July 2014
3630:
3623:(in Italian).
3598:
3589:
3569:
3558:
3547:
3536:
3525:
3514:
3503:
3492:
3481:
3459:
3437:
3412:
3387:
3359:
3346:
3334:
3308:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3219:
3216:
3192:
3189:
3167:
3166:
3125:
3123:
3116:
3107:Main article:
3104:
3101:
3084:excommunicable
3063:Thomas Aquinas
3055:Thomas Sanchez
3014:lay confession
3005:
3002:
2947:
2944:
2905:
2902:
2882:
2879:
2826:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Canons regular
2661:
2651:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2625:Diocesan right
2622:
2612:
2607:
2605:Exclaustration
2602:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2495:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2384:Jus exclusivae
2380:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2236:Judicial Vicar
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2198:
2196:Procedural law
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:Imprimi potest
1979:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1927:
1926:
1923:Jus patronatus
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:Regular clergy
1864:
1862:Secular clergy
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1819:Law of persons
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1700:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1652:Interpretation
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1513:Lay trusteeism
1510:
1505:
1500:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1447:Eparchal curia
1439:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1411:Diocesan Curia
1408:
1401:
1394:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1076:Minor basilica
1073:
1071:Major basilica
1068:
1061:Sacred places
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
994:
989:
984:
983:
982:
972:
967:
966:
965:
948:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
930:
929:
917:
912:
911:
910:
905:
884:
883:
878:
871:
864:
856:
851:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
837:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
780:Musicam sacram
776:
769:
762:
761:
760:
750:
749:
748:
736:
734:Liturgical law
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
722:Protosyncellus
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
686:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
667:
662:
651:
650:
642:
635:
618:
617:
610:
603:
596:
579:Jus novissimum
575:
574:
573:
572:
569:Liber Septimus
565:
558:
551:
550:
549:
537:
530:
529:
528:
521:
518:Canon Episcopi
514:
479:
478:
477:
476:
469:
462:
459:Dictatus papae
455:
445:
444:
443:
433:
428:
423:
422:
421:
414:
407:
400:
388:
387:
386:
379:
372:
344:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
325:
324:
323:
316:
309:
302:
299:Optatam totius
295:
288:
275:
270:
265:
258:
251:
244:
237:
230:
223:
222:
221:
214:
198:
192:
191:
188:
187:
179:
178:
170:
169:
157:
156:
154:
153:
146:
139:
131:
128:
127:
114:
113:
112:
111:
104:
99:
90:
83:
76:
71:
66:
58:
57:
49:
48:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3776:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3726:public domain
3714:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3659:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3323:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3284:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3163:
3160:
3152:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3126:This section
3124:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2856:
2855:
2849:
2845:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Ladislas Orsy
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:John D. Faris
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2417:Ubi periculum
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2330:Oblatio vitae
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:Pars dynamica
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:Canon 1397 §2
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1905:
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1196:Clandestinity
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341:Legal history
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292:Lumen gentium
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25:
21:
20:
3735:
3718:
3715:Bibliography
3700:. Retrieved
3696:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3672:The Advocate
3671:
3661:
3651:14 September
3649:. Retrieved
3642:
3633:
3618:
3601:
3592:
3561:
3550:
3539:
3528:
3517:
3506:
3495:
3484:
3472:. Retrieved
3462:
3450:. Retrieved
3440:
3428:. Retrieved
3424:
3415:
3403:. Retrieved
3399:
3390:
3378:. Retrieved
3374:
3354:
3349:
3342:Secunda pars
3341:
3337:
3326:
3300:. Retrieved
3296:
3286:
3233:
3194:
3177:
3170:
3155:
3146:
3135:Please help
3130:verification
3127:
3080:
3067:
3057:) justified
3042:
3018:
3007:
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2701:
2694:
2687:
2649:Congregation
2636:
2515:Jean Lemoine
2496:
2486:
2479:
2469:
2449:
2424:Quia propter
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2382:
2355:
2352:Current law
2347:
2335:
2328:
2322:
2306:Canonization
2304:
2295:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2200:Pars statica
2199:
2167:
2163:
2119:
2107:
2060:Positive law
2034:Motu proprio
2032:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1958:
1951:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1896:
1856:
1842:Emancipation
1797:Mass stipend
1792:Contract law
1784:
1759:Determinatio
1757:
1750:
1744:Ecclesiology
1731:
1707:
1697:Sede vacante
1695:
1686:Promulgation
1668:
1664:Jurisdiction
1622:
1618:Dispensation
1605:
1530:Congregation
1496:
1482:
1471:
1460:
1433:Vicar forane
1403:
1396:
1389:
1354:
1333:Latin Church
1325:
1316:
1315:
1293:
1292:
1277:
1234:
1227:
1171:
1159:
1140:
1133:
1101:
1086:
1060:
1051:
1041:Sacramentals
1039:
1033:Mass stipend
1001:
960:
924:
885:
873:
866:
860:
827:
820:
813:
808:Ecclesia Dei
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
689:
657:
652:
646:
637:
631:
621:
620:
619:
612:
605:
599:
578:
577:
576:
567:
560:
555:Regulæ Juris
553:
539:
532:
523:
516:
504:
497:
482:
481:
480:
471:
464:
457:
416:
409:
402:
395:
381:
374:
367:
348:Jus antiquum
346:
345:
318:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
260:
253:
246:
239:
232:
225:
216:
209:
203:
193:
106:
85:
78:
3004:In practice
2920:Pope Pius X
2832:-Leclercq,
2659:Monasticism
2378:Cum proxime
2374:Historical
2288:Presumption
2055:Penitential
2045:Papal brief
1520:Roman Curia
1103:Paenitemini
893:Holy Orders
683:Eastern law
622:Jus codicis
587: 1563
547:Decretalist
534:Jus commune
491: 1140
3748:Categories
3470:. Holy See
3448:. Holy See
3302:2021-03-29
3149:March 2016
3088:absolution
3050:inter alia
2962:inviolable
2904:Catechisms
2885:See also:
2600:Solemn vow
2510:Hostiensis
2497:Canonists
2481:The Jurist
2260:Procurator
2240:Officialis
2093:Canon 1324
2050:Papal bull
2028:Encyclical
1976:Imprimatur
1720:Visitation
1681:Obrogation
1642:Impediment
1613:Derogation
1497:in solidum
1270:particular
1092:Feast days
1047:Indulgence
951:Confession
887:Sacraments
525:Margaritae
194:Ius vigens
69:Contrition
3278:Citations
3235:I Confess
3010:canon law
2994:is being
2875:sacrament
2869:canonist
2796:penitents
2501:Medieval
2206:Tribunals
2153:Interdict
2087:Penal law
2040:Ordinance
2013:Concordat
1847:Exemption
1802:Stole fee
1525:Dicastery
1461:sui juris
1327:sui juris
1324:Churches
1142:Ne Temere
1023:Canon 915
1013:Eucharist
903:Abstemius
712:Exarchate
702:Nomocanon
512:Decretist
483:Jus novum
357: 33
3620:Holy See
3218:See also
3045:casuists
2987:template
2862:Decretum
2854:Decretum
2827:—
2251:Parties
2065:Rescript
2023:Decretal
1857:Clerics
1780:Benefice
1739:Theology
1647:Donation
1459:Mission
1423:Chancery
1272:churches
1191:Affinity
1083:(chapel)
1028:Celebret
835:Red Mass
175:a series
173:Part of
33:a series
31:Part of
3728::
3702:27 June
3677:30 June
3474:27 June
3452:27 June
3430:27 June
3405:27 June
3380:27 June
3212:martyrs
3191:Martyrs
3173:testify
3000:
2968:de fide
2867:English
2844:Gratian
2806:History
2792:priests
2786:or the
2774:In the
2591:Law of
2545:Brocard
2525:Rufinus
2505:Gratian
2337:Positio
2245:Auditor
1897:Office
1670:Peritus
1632:Faculty
1442:Eparchy
1428:Deanery
1355:nullius
1353:Abbacy
1211:Ligamen
1173:Vetitum
1135:Tametsi
1081:Oratory
707:Eparchy
607:Tametsi
589:-1918)
493:-1563)
369:Didache
359:-1140)
44:in the
3242:OmertĂ
2956:, the
2914:
2830:Hefele
2778:, the
2018:Decree
1991:Notary
1852:Heresy
1703:Simony
1637:Indult
1601:Custom
1490:Parish
1066:Altars
653:Other
268:Custom
177:on the
93:Denial
2985:‹The
2973:dogma
2654:Order
2008:Canon
645:1983
630:1917
202:1983
3704:2019
3679:2017
3653:2024
3476:2019
3454:2019
3432:2019
3407:2019
3382:2019
3210:are
3206:and
3035:and
2979:and
2938:The
2925:The
2891:The
2166:and
95:and
3734:".
3139:by
2950:In
3750::
3695:.
3670:.
3641:.
3609:;
3572:^
3423:.
3398:.
3373:.
3362:^
3325:.
3311:^
3295:.
3202:,
3198:,
3099:.
3053:,
2998:.›
584:c.
488:c.
354:c.
35:on
3706:.
3681:.
3655:.
3627:.
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