694:
Anthropocene
Working Group (AWG), a task group of the Sub-commission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS) of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has selected Searsville dam and reservoir as a possible location of a golden spike indicating a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point, or GSSP. In May 2019, the AWG agreed to listing the Anthropocene as a "formal chrono-stratigraphic unit": that is, an official part of the geographic record. They recognized the start of the Anthropocene as the middle of the 20th Century. These GSSPs are markers that define the boundaries of geologic stages. They're noted in specific locations around the world by "golden spikes", which note which geologic era the site emerged.
655:
because the
Searsville Dam project involves water diversion, bypass flows, and potentially major and ongoing dredging for 50 years, that the impacts of operating the diversion dam must be analyzed in the HCP EIS. CEMAR Certified Fisheries Professional, Gordon Becker, has requested that the impacts that the EIS should address include "blocking steelhead and other Covered Species access to habitat, altering downstream hydrology and water quality in San Francisquito Creek, introduction, perpetuation, and dispersal of exotic species, degrading downstream habitat, dewatering, and other direct and indirect take of Covered Species".
423:, and West Union creeks. In addition, three independent oral history sources indicate that coho salmon were abundant in the creek through the first half of the twentieth century. According to local historian Dorothy Regnery's notes from her 1966 interview with Edgar H. Batchelder, who was two years old when his father became caretaker of Searsville dam in 1897, "When the dam was 'wasting', or overflowing, in the winter salmon would swim upstream as far as the base of the dam. Using a pitchfork Mr. Batchelder could spear them to supplement the family's menu." His "favorite place to fish for trout was in the
317:
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spawn in upper Corte Madera Creek and its tributaries, enabling this native fish to survive above the dam as well. A May 2002 steelhead trout migration study reported
Searsville Dam as the only complete barrier to migration on mainstem San Francisquito Creek (construction of a fishway in 1976 resolved passage at the Lake Lagunita diversion dam 3 miles below Searsville Dam, and the diversion dam was removed in 2019), and that elimination of the Searsville dam could restore ten miles of
48:
325:
411:) in San Francisquito Creek. Archaeological remains of unspecified salmonids ("possibly Coho") were reported by Gobalet in the creek. Leidy concluded that coho salmon were likely present and cited that the most suitable habitat for coho salmon was in perennial, well shaded reaches of mainstem San Francisquito Creek, and several small, perennial tributaries including
55:
345:
Reservoir in 1975 in forming the Jasper Ridge
Biological Preserve. The reservoir has lost over 90% of its original water storage capacity as roughly 2.7 million cubic yards of sediment has filled it in. Searsville Dam does not provide potable water, flood control, or hydropower. The elevation of the reservoir is 341 ft (104 m).
443:, recalls playing on San Francisquito Creek around 1947: "Salmon swam up it, and in winter it was a dangerous place." The historical range of Coho salmon overlapped geographically with San Francisquito Creek. It is definitely established that Coho salmon were historically present in other San Francisco Bay streams such as
1227:
Peter B. Adams; Louis W. Botsford; Kenneth W. Gobalet; Robert A. Leidy; Dennis R. McEwan; Peter B. Moyle; Jerry J. Smith; John G. Williams; Ronald M. Yoshiyama (September 2007). "Coho Salmon Are Native South of San
Francisco Bay: A Reexamination of North American Coho Salmon's Southern Range Limit".
684:
The Jasper Ridge
Advisory Committee feels that dam removal has many drawbacks. There is no guarantee that removing the dam would restore steelhead habitat and it would destroy habitat used by many birds and bats. In addition the removal of the dam and accumulated alluvial sediment would be complex
344:
The 68-foot-tall (21 m) and 275-foot-wide (84 m) Searsville Dam consists of a series of interlocking concrete boulders that resemble a massively steep staircase. After leasing the reservoir for recreational use for 50 years, the
Stanford Board of Trustees closed public access to Searsville
654:
The Center for
Ecosystem Management and Restoration (CEMAR) has issued comments on Stanford University's April 2010 document, "Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Authorization for Incidental Take and Implementation of the Stanford University Habitat Conservation Plan" (HCP DEIS), finding that
377:
or seagoing steelhead trout still spawn below
Searsville Dam, they can no longer run above Searsville Dam to spawn. Corte Madera Creek was described as an historic steelhead trout spawning stream by Skinner in 1962. However stream resident coastal rainbow trout, run up from Searsville Reservoir to
573:
The extent by which
Searsville Reservoir serves as a source for non-native species was illustrated when Stanford biologists studied the aquatic fauna found in the plunge pool below the Searsville dam spillway. The plunge pool was drained in 2013 to allow for a safety inspection of the base of the
299:
and the Searsville Hotel, which was founded by John H. Sears in 1854 to support the local logging industry. It was owned by the Spring Valley Water Company. In the 1906 San Francisco earthquake the dam suffered a "fingers-width" crack in the concrete at the east end; however, this was patched.
530:). They noted that the only native species observed with any regularity in the study area are Sacramento sucker and rainbow trout, and attributed the now depauperate native fish fauna to dislocation of hydrologic connectivity due to the dam, transformation of the habitat above the dam from
693:
The dam and reservoir may be selected as the site of a marker indicating the boundary between Geologic Areas. In this case, the boundary between the Holocene and the current Anthropocene, or the time when human change on geology became so evident that it required its own geologic era. The
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in 1906. A genetics study of San Francisquito Creek steelhead in 1996 found that the fish are native and not of hatchery stock. In 2014 a systematic study of 1,400 plus dams in California identified Searsville Dam as a high-priority candidate to improve environmental flows for native fish
574:
dam. Native species found when the plunge pool was pumped dry include two steelhead trout, 26 California roach and 22 Sacramento suckers. In contrast, more than 1,500 non-native fishes were encountered during the dewatering process, including over 500 sunfish including
676:. These wetlands likely served a valuable historical function by removing sediment and pollutants from the San Francisquito Creek mainstem. Anti-dam proponents point to a growing trend in habitat restoration nationally with over 500 dams removed in recent years.
663:
A coalition of environmental and conservation groups, and fishermen, argue that the dam should be removed. In addition to concerns about access to upstream salmonid spawning grounds, Searsville Dam inundated former wetlands formed by the confluence of
32:
1471:
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Kenneth W. Gobalet; Peter D. Schulz; Thomas A. Wake; Nelson Siefkin (2004). "Archaeological Perspectives on Native American Fisheries of California, with Emphasis on Steelhead and Salmon".
458:
In a 1996 biotic assessment of Searsville Reservoir and the lower floodplain of Corte Madera Creek, Stanford biologists wrote that the native species likely included coastal rainbow trout (
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especially given the downstream communities and environment. Stanford University uses water from the reservoir to irrigate its golf course and other athletic facilities on its campus.
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The future of the dam and reservoir is in question and has become politically heated. A 2007 study by the Jasper Ridge Advisory Committee describes five main options
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907:. California Department of Fish and Game, Water Projects Branch Report no. 1. Sacramento, California: California Department of Fish and Game. Archived from
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703:
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936:"Historical distribution and current status of steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in streams of the San Francisco Estuary, California"
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562:) occur in the lotic portions of Corte Madera Creek below the dam but not above, likely due to depredation by non-native fish and
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1419:"Australia in line for its second Golden Spike as geologists close on decision to officially mark the start of the Anthropocene"
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823:(Interview). Vol. M0479, box 6, folder 13. Department of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries. p. 5.
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Alter the dam and dredge the reservoir to maintain open water in a smaller reservoir at lower water surface elevations.
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451:. Also, the southern limit of Coho salmon in coastal California streams was recently confirmed to extend through
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Comments for the Stanford University Habitat Conservation Plan Draft Environmental Impact Statement (HCP DEIS)
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427:". A second source described catching "steelhead and silver (coho) salmon in San Francisquito Creek and the
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1137:(Report). Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. p. 7-xi. Archived from
878:"California's Critical Coastal Areas:State of the CCAs Report — CCA #93 San Francisquito Creek"
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389:, included a rendering of a San Francisquito Creek "sea-run rainbow trout", basically describing
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1418:
1200:"Historical Status of Coho Salmon in Streams of the Urbanized San Francisco Estuary, California"
1130:
Watershed Assessment Subgroup, Santa Clara Basin Watershed Management Initiative (August 2003).
1085:"Historical Status of Coho Salmon in Streams of the Urbanized San Francisco Estuary, California"
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554:) which prey on virtually all historically native fishes. They noted that federally threatened
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Biotic assessment of upper Searsville Lake and the lower floodplain of Corte Madera Creek
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Report on the fish relocations associated with the Searsville Dam plunge pool dewatering
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439:) that were very large in wet years." Thirdly, Dennis L. Bark, a senior fellow at the
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Volume One Unabridged Watershed Characteristics Report, Chapter 7 "Natural Setting"
1018:"Systematic Screening of Dams for Environmental Flow Assessment and Implementation"
607:
1316:"Searsville Lake: Position of the Jasper Ridge Advisory Committee – October 2007"
834:
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System in the 1930s and 1940s. He said that the Guadalupe River also had runs of
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941:. Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration, Oakland, CA. pp. 145–146
547:
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404:
36:
Searsville Reservoir and dam around 2009 with heavy reservoir siltation visible
786:
California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names
754:"Silt-Laden Lake Offers Opportunity: Stanford may destroy dam to save habitat"
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and is owned and operated by Stanford University. Neighboring cities include
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1114:
The History of Jasper Ridge- From Searsville Pioneers to Stanford Scientists
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Allow the reservoir to fill with sediments and transition to meadow habitat.
538:, and the fact that Searsville Reservoir harbors many non-native species of
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based on both archaeological evidence and historically collected specimens.
31:
1116:. Stanford Historical Society: Centennial Operating Committee. p. 120.
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Searsville Lake
1315:
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Remove the dam and restore Corte Madera Creek to steelhead trout habitat.
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The dam caused the partial inundation of the small and declining town of
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Grantham, Theodore E.; Viers, Joshua H.; Moyle, Peter B. (2014-11-01).
551:
239:
1070:
614:). Other non-native in the plunge pool included 500 bullfrogs and 150
535:
1393:"Habitat plan proposes Searsville dredging; removal remains unclear"
1343:(Report). Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration. p. 9
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Regnery, Dorothy (1966). "E.H. Batchelder personal interviews".
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A frame on the dam which at one time supported a diving platform
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The Freshwater Fish and Fisheries of the San Francisco Bay Area
1452:
Debate: What to do with Searsville Dam on ABC News Feb. 9,2012
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Several lines of evidence support the historical presence of
249:, that was completed in 1892, one year after the founding of
1280:
Alan Launer; Christina Feng; Annette Potvin (2013-11-15).
642:
Leave the dam but remove sediments to maintain open water.
1242:
10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[441:CSANSO]2.0.CO;2
1487:
Buildings and structures in San Mateo County, California
1198:
Robert A. Leidy; Gordon Becker; Brett N. Harvey (2005).
837:. Stanford, California: Stanford University. May 5, 2015
1467:
Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration (CEMAR)
1255:
Craig Fee; Alan Launer; Steve Rottenborn (1996-10-21).
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Alter the dam to provide downstream flood mitigation.
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361:watershed hosts the most viable remaining native
353:The dam poses an impassable barrier to migrating
789:. University of California Press. p. 354.
1059:Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
934:Leidy, R.A., G.S. Becker, B.N. Harvey (2005).
1287:(Report). Stanford University. Archived from
1262:(Report). Stanford University. pp. 17–18
689:Possible site of Anthropocene boundary marker
328:Aerial view of Searsville Reservoir with the
8:
1512:Stanford University buildings and structures
1363:"Fight looms over removal of Searsville Dam"
958:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
385:The first President of Stanford University,
1310:
1308:
990:"The Trout and Salmon of the Pacific Coast"
814:
812:
1447:Stanford University Searsville Dam website
30:
21:
1033:
975:"Stanford removes Lagunita Diversion Dam"
704:List of dams and reservoirs in California
650:Looking across the top of the dam in 2013
261:watershed) to form a reservoir known as
62:Location of Searsville Dam in California
929:
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783:Erwin G. Gudde; William Bright (2004).
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16:Dam in San Mateo County, California, US
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54:
7:
269:. Searsville Dam is located in the
1517:United States privately owned dams
330:Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
14:
1522:1892 establishments in California
1318:. Stanford University. 2007-10-01
357:which is significant because the
271:Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
53:
46:
1457:Center for Biological Diversity
1391:Nicholas Wenner (2010-05-26).
1:
1417:Ellen Phiddian (2022-12-16).
752:Michael McCabe (2008-06-21).
1361:Peter Fimrite (2010-06-02).
1336:Gordon Becker (2010-06-28).
1162:Dennis L. Bark (Fall 2010).
616:Louisiana red swamp crayfish
312:The front of the dam in 2013
247:San Mateo County, California
146:; 132 years ago
128:; 134 years ago
1112:Dorothy F. Regnery (1991).
988:David Starr Jordan (1906).
709:List of lakes in California
556:California red-legged frogs
460:Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus
367:Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus
1538:
369:) population in the South
901:Skinner, John E. (1962).
821:Dorothy F. Regnery papers
472:Hesperoleucas symmetricus
365:(coastal rainbow trout) (
41:
29:
1207:California Fish and Game
1164:"Growing Up on The Farm"
1092:California Fish and Game
606:species) and over 1,000
524:Orthodon microlepidontus
504:three-spined stickleback
1367:San Francisco Chronicle
858:"Beyond Searsville Dam"
758:San Francisco Chronicle
568:Lithobates catesbeianus
500:Entosphenus tridentatus
496:Catostomus occidentalis
437:Oncorhyncus tshawytscha
208:275 ft (84 m)
123:Construction began
1492:Dams completed in 1892
714:San Francisquito Creek
651:
508:Gasterosteus aculeatus
359:San Francisquito Creek
341:
321:
313:
259:San Francisquito Creek
200:65 ft (20 m)
190:San Francisquito Creek
107:37.40694°N 122.23778°W
1462:Beyond Searsville Dam
1035:10.1093/biosci/biu159
649:
516:Ptychocheilus grandis
512:Sacramento pikeminnow
327:
319:
311:
173:Type of dam
19:Dam in California, US
1173:: 18. Archived from
1171:Sandstone & Tile
973:Joel Berman (2019).
835:"Searsville Dam FAQ"
528:Oncorhynchus kisutch
526:), and coho salmon (
520:Sacramento blackfish
498:), Pacific lamprey (
409:Oncorhynchus kisutch
393:steelhead trout, in
263:Searsville Reservoir
229:Searsville Reservoir
112:37.40694; -122.23778
995:The Pacific Monthly
670:Dennis Martin Creek
596:Lepomis microlophus
588:Lepomis macrochirus
580:(Lepomis cyanellus)
488:Rhinichthys osculus
425:Dennis Martin Creek
396:The Pacific Monthly
382:steelhead habitat.
251:Stanford University
162:Stanford University
103: /
1502:Dams in California
1397:The Stanford Daily
666:Corte Madera Creek
652:
564:American bullfrogs
441:Hoover Institution
387:David Starr Jordan
342:
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314:
255:Corte Madera Creek
213:Spillway type
186:Corte Madera Creek
1497:Dam controversies
1071:10.1577/T02-084.1
1028:(11): 1006–1018.
796:978-0-520-24217-3
492:Sacramento sucker
480:Lavinia exilcauda
453:Santa Cruz County
371:San Francisco Bay
338:San Francisco Bay
233:
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205:Width (base)
167:Dam and spillways
141:Opening date
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760:. Archived from
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680:Anti-dam removal
668:, Sausal Creek,
612:Gambusia affinis
600:bullhead catfish
468:California roach
216:Service, stepped
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883:. June 15, 2006
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659:Pro-dam removal
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502:), and perhaps
445:San Mateo Creek
429:Guadalupe River
363:steelhead trout
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267:Searsville Lake
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911:on 2011-07-26
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764:on 2012-09-18
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590:) and likely
589:
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581:
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576:green sunfish
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484:speckled dace
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449:Alameda Creek
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1507:Masonry dams
1428:December 18,
1426:. Retrieved
1422:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1396:
1386:
1375:. Retrieved
1371:the original
1366:
1356:
1345:. Retrieved
1331:
1320:. Retrieved
1296:. Retrieved
1289:the original
1275:
1264:. Retrieved
1250:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1211:. Retrieved
1206:
1193:
1182:. Retrieved
1175:the original
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1146:. Retrieved
1139:the original
1113:
1107:
1096:. Retrieved
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1000:. Retrieved
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909:the original
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762:the original
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262:
235:
234:
622:Controversy
540:centrarchid
413:Los Trancos
405:coho salmon
373:. Although
304:Description
110: /
98:122°14′16″W
86:Coordinates
1481:Categories
1377:2010-07-22
1347:2010-09-13
1322:2010-07-24
1298:2015-01-05
1266:2014-01-04
1213:2010-10-21
1184:2011-01-14
1148:2010-10-14
1098:2010-10-14
1065:(4): 814.
1022:BioScience
1002:2015-01-13
945:2009-12-28
915:2010-09-20
887:2010-07-22
863:2010-07-22
802:2010-07-21
725:References
548:black bass
391:anadromous
380:anadromous
375:anadromous
296:Searsville
283:California
95:37°24′25″N
79:California
1230:Fisheries
1209:: 219–254
1044:0006-3568
841:April 10,
355:salmonids
221:Reservoir
192:watershed
1402:June 13,
954:cite web
698:See also
604:Ameiurus
584:bluegill
542:fishes (
275:Woodside
257:(in the
182:Impounds
159:Owner(s)
71:Location
598:), two
552:crappie
544:sunfish
464:sculpin
349:Ecology
336:, with
289:History
240:masonry
226:Creates
188:in the
177:Masonry
149: (
131: (
1094:. 2005
1042:
793:
768:Jan 2,
550:, and
536:lentic
197:Height
1341:(PDF)
1292:(PDF)
1285:(PDF)
1260:(PDF)
1203:(PDF)
1178:(PDF)
1167:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
1135:(PDF)
1088:(PDF)
998:: 383
939:(PDF)
881:(PDF)
532:lotic
476:hitch
334:I-280
238:is a
1430:2022
1404:2010
1040:ISSN
960:link
843:2023
791:ISBN
770:2010
672:and
447:and
421:Bear
332:and
277:and
151:1892
144:1892
133:1890
126:1890
81:, US
1238:doi
1067:doi
1063:133
1030:doi
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265:or
245:in
243:dam
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