Japanese clothing - Knowledge (XXG)

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rules on seasonality, which intensified after the war; there had previously been rules about kimono-wearing, but these were not rigidly codified and varied by region and class. Formalisation sought perfection, with no creases or uneveness in the kimono, and an increasingly tubular figure was promoted as the ideal for women in kimono. The kimono-retail industry also promoted a sharp distinction between Japanese and Western clothes; for instance, wearing Western shoes with Japanese clothing (while common in the Taishō period) was codified as improper; these rules on proper dressing are often described in Japanese using the English phrase "Time, Place, and Occasion" (TPO). As neither Japanese men or women commonly wore kimono, having grown up under wartime auspices, commercial

401: 886: 910: 2279: 1286: 2898:"Picasso of Fashion" due to his recurring confrontation of traditional values. Miyake found interest in working with dancers to create clothing that would best suit them and their aerobic movements, eventually replacing the models he initially worked with for dancers, in hopes of producing clothing that benefits people of all classifications. His use of pleats and polyester jersey reflected a modern form of fashion due to their practical comfort and elasticity. Over 10 years of Miyake's work was featured in Paris in 1998 at the "Issey Miyake: Making Things" exhibition. His two most popular series were titled, "Pleats, Please" and "A-POC (A piece of Cloth)". 667: 584: 952: 1759: 935: 454: 1499: 2918:

Heian period carriage wheels". These art forms have been transferred onto fabric that then mold into clothing. With traditional clothing, specific techniques are used and followed, such as metal applique, silk embroidery, and paste- resist. The type of fabric used to produce the clothing was often indicative of a person's social class, for the wealthy were able to afford clothing created with fabrics of higher quality. Stitching techniques and the fusion of colors also distinguished the wealthy from the commoner, as those of higher power had a tendency to wear ornate, brighter clothing.

331: 898: 1240: 466: 1431: 637: 210:, Western clothing and fashion became increasingly popular due to their increasingly-available nature and, over time, their cheaper price. It is now increasingly rare for someone to wear traditional clothing as everyday clothes, and over time, traditional clothes within Japan have garnered an association with being difficult to wear and expensive. As such, traditional garments are now mainly worn for ceremonies and special events, with the most common time for someone to wear traditional clothes being to summer festivals, when the 1594: 382: 655: 852: 1310: 370: 837: 2938: 2186:

still given, were much less extensive. It was during this time that it became acceptable and even preferred for women to wear Western dress to ceremonial occasions like weddings and funerals. Many women had dozens or even hundreds of kimono, mostly unworn, in their homes; a secondhand kimono, even if unworn, would sell for about 500 yen (less than £3.50; about US$ 5), a few percent of the bought-new price. In the 1990s and early 2000s, many secondhand kimono shops opened as a result of this.

2049: 426: 351: 1785: 1335: 604: 1120:(710–794), through the division of upper and lower class. People of higher social status wore clothing that covered the majority of their body, or as Svitlana Rybalko states, "the higher the status, the less was open to other people's eyes". For example, the full-length robes would cover most from the collarbone to the feet, the sleeves were to be long enough to hide their fingertips, and women carried fans to protect them from speculative looks. 2605: 2909:

Miyake and several other fashion designers in their dominating use of dark colors, especially the color black. Traditional clothing often included a variety of colors in their time, and their use of "the absence of color" provoked multiple critics to voice their opinions and criticize the authenticity of their work. American Vogue of April 1983 labeled the two "avant-garde designers", eventually leading them to their success and popularity.

1410: 445: 417: 1747: 4835: 2526: 272: 2722: 31: 1455: 4487: 6427: 199:– have taken inspiration from and at times designed clothes taking influence from traditional fashion. Their works represent a combined impact on the global fashion industry, with many pieces displayed at fashion shows all over the world, as well as having had an impact within the Japanese fashion industry itself, with many designers either drawing from or contributing to 6415: 1889:

the streets, it was not worn by everybody, and was actively considered uncomfortable and undesirable by some; one account tells of a father promising to buy his daughters new kimono as a reward for wearing Western clothing and eating meat. By the 1890s, appetite for Western dress as a fashion statement had cooled considerably, and the kimono remained an item of fashion.

2236: 2269:(1603–1867), the symbolic meaning of the kimono shifted from a reflection of social class to a reflection of self, allowing people to incorporate their own tastes and individualize their outfit. The process of wearing a kimono requires, depending on gender and occasion, a sometimes detailed knowledge of a number of different steps and methods of tying the 666: 2956:

Japanese street fashion emerged in the 1990s and differed from traditional fashion in the sense that it was initiated and popularized by the general public, specifically teenagers, rather than by fashion designers. Different forms of street fashion have emerged in different Tokyo locales, such as the

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In the second half of the 20th century, the Japanese economy boomed, and silk became cheaper, making it possible for the average family to afford silk kimono. The kimono retail industry had developed an elaborate codification of rules for kimono-wearing, with types of kimono, levels of formality, and

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A number of different fashions from the West arrived and were also incorporated into the way that people wore kimono; numerous woodblock prints from the later Meiji period show men wearing bowler hats and carrying Western-style umbrellas whilst wearing kimono, and Gibson girl hairstyles - typically a

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The first Japanese to adopt Western clothing were officers and men of some units of the shōgun's army and navy; sometime in the 1850s, these men adopted woolen uniforms worn by the English marines stationed at Yokohama. Wool was difficult to produce domestically, with the cloth having to be imported.

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The concept of the hidden body remained, with ideologies suggesting that the clothes served as "protection from the evil spirits and outward manifestation of a social rank". This proposed the widely held belief that those of lower ranking, who were perceived to be of less clothing due to their casual

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and disseminating to the upper classes, who were the main arbiters of traditional Japanese culture at the time and the only people allowed to wear such clothing. The ensuing cultural vacuum facilitated the development of a Japanese culture independent from Chinese fashions. Elements previously lifted

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was instituted, which stipulated that all robes had to be overlapped at the front with a left-to-right closure, following typical Chinese fashions. China considered right-over-left wraps barbaric. This convention of wear is still followed today, with a right-to-left closure worn only by the deceased.

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The economic collapse of the 1990s bankrupted much of the kimono industry and ended a number of expensive practices. The rules for how to wear kimono lost their previous hold over the entire industry, and formerly-expensive traditions such as bridal kimono trousseaus generally disappeared, and when

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is most known for crossing boundaries in fashion and reinventing forms of clothing while simultaneously transmitting the traditional qualities of the culture into his work. He has explored various techniques in design, provoking discussion on what identifies as "dress". He has also been tagged the

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It was during the Taishō period that the modern formalisation of kimono and kimono types began to emerge. The Meiji period had seen the slow introduction of kimono types that mediated between the informal and the most formal, a trend that continued throughout the Taishō period, as social occasions

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By the beginning of the 20th century, Western dress had become a symbol of social dignity and progressiveness; however, the kimono was still considered to be fashion, with the two styles of dress essentially growing in parallel with one another over time. With Western dress being considered street

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ordered that Western-style student uniforms be worn in public colleges and universities. Businessmen, teachers, doctors, bankers, and other leaders of the new society wore suits to work and at large social functions. Despite Western clothing becoming popular within the workplace, in schools and on

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Nara-period upper-class clothing was much simpler than some later styles, taking no more than a few minutes to don, with the clothing itself allowing for freedom of movement. Women's upper-class dress consisted of a left-over-right lap-fronted top (over a similar underrobe), and a wrapped, pleated

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come in standard dimensions, and the entire bolt is used to make one kimono. The finished kimono consists of four main strips of fabric — two panels covering the body and two panels forming the sleeves — with additional smaller strips forming the narrow front panels and collar. Kimono fabrics are

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By the 1970s, formal kimono formed the vast majority of kimono sales. Kimono retailers, due to the pricing structure of brand new kimono, had developed a relative monopoly on not only prices but also a perception of kimono knowledge, allowing them to dictate prices and heavily promote more formal

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leading to Chinese styles of dress, appearance and culture becoming extremely popular in Japanese court society. The Imperial Japanese court quickly adopted Chinese styles of dress and clothing. As early as the 4th century CE, images of priestess-queens and tribal chiefs in Japan depicted figures

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The Japanese are often recognized for their traditional art and its capability of transforming simplicity into creative designs. As stated by Valerie Foley, "Fan shapes turn out to be waves, waves metamorphose into mountains; simple knots are bird wings; wobbly semicircles signify half-submerged

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are Japanese fashion designers who share similar tastes in design and style, their work often considered by the public to be difficult to differentiate. They were influenced by social conflicts, as their recognizable work bloomed and was influenced by the post war era of Japan. They differ from

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With the opening of Japan's ports for international trade in the 1860s, clothing from a number of different cultures arrived as exports; despite Japan's historic contact with the Dutch before this time through its southerly ports, Western clothing had not caught on, despite the study of and

1384: 1850:, policemen, railroad workers and teachers moved to wearing Western clothing within their job roles, with the adoption of Western clothing by men in Japan happening at a much greater pace than by women. Initiatives such as the Tokyo Women's & Children's Wear Manufacturers' Association 2104:) - trousers constructed from old kimono - instead. Fibres such as rayon became widespread during WWII, being inexpensive to produce and cheap to buy, and typically featured printed designs. Cloth rationing persisted until 1951, so most kimono were made at home from repurposed fabrics. 1982:

and opportunities for leisure increased under the abolition of class distinctions. As Western clothing increased in popularity for men as everyday clothing, the kimono industry further established its own traditions of formal and informal dress for women; this saw the invention of the

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Following the opening of Japan's borders in the early Meiji period to Western trade, a number of materials and techniques - such as wool and the use of synthetic dyestuffs - became popular, with casual wool kimono being relatively common in pre-1960s Japan; the use of safflower dye

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Lolita fashion became popular in the mid-2000s. It is characterized by "a knee length skirt or dress in a bell shape assisted by petticoats, worn with a blouse, knee high socks or stockings and a headdress". Different sub-styles of lolita include casual, sweet, gothic, black and

2786:, which resembles a long, wide pleated skirt, is generally worn over the kimono and is considered formal wear. Although it was traditionally created to be worn by men of all occupations (craftsmen, farmers, samurai, etc.), it is now socially accepted to be worn by women as well. 1880:

Outside of the military, other early adoptions of Western dress were mostly within the public sector, and typically entirely male, with women continuing to wear kimono both inside and outside of the home, and men changing into the kimono usually within the home for comfort.

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Today, the vast majority of people in Japan wear Western clothing in the everyday, and are most likely to wear kimono either to formal occasions such as wedding ceremonies and funerals, or to summer events, where the standard kimono is the easy-to-wear, single-layer cotton

2010:), an uncommon practice of the upper classes in the Edo period, also became common throughout the middle classes; traditions of kimono bridalwear for marriage ceremonies were also codified in this time, which resembled the bridalwear of samurai-class women. Standards of 1784: 2878:." Initially men used it under kimono. By 2012 new variations of it emerged. Shoji stated that in 2012 the garment still emotionally symbolized the summer, even though there was a sense of embarrassment around it; she stated that it was more common until the 1990s. 2590:(lined) kimono, made of silk, wool, or synthetic fabrics, are worn during the cooler months. During these months, kimono with more rustic colours and patterns (like russet leaves), and kimono with darker colours and multiple layers, are favoured. Lightweight cotton 2141:(and expensive) purchases, as selling a single formal kimono could support the seller comfortably for three months. The kimono industry peaked in 1975, with total sales of 2.8 trillion yen (~£18 billion). The sale of informal brand new kimono was largely neglected. 2149: 514:

In the Kofun period, the right side was wrapped over the left (unlike in China), and the overlapped edge was secured with ties on the right side. Sleeves and trousers were tubular. Female figures often wear a skirt, with male figures wearing trousers tied with

2636:). Modern kimono that are made with less-expensive easy-care fabrics such as rayon, cotton sateen, cotton, polyester and other synthetic fibers, are more widely worn today in Japan. However, silk is still considered the ideal fabric for more formal kimono. 3001:

is another Japanese street fashion based on a Shibuya club-hostess look. Women with this style tan their bodies and faces to a deep brown colour, and will frequently use light lipstick to accentuate the darkness and brownness of their complexion. The

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classes. During wedding ceremonies, the bride and groom will often go through many costume changes; though the bride may start off in an entirely-white outfit before switching to a colourful one, grooms will wear black kimono made from habutae silk.

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In 1869, the social class system was abolished, and with them, class-specific sumptuary laws. Kimono with formerly-restricted elements, like red and purple colours, became popular, particularly with the advent of synthetic dyestuffs such as

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of Japanese clothes; both the woolen and worsted industries in Japan originated as a product of Japan's re-established contact with the West in the early Meiji period (1850s-1860s). Before the 1860s, Japanese clothing consisted entirely of

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Kimono are typically 39–43 inches (990–1,090 mm) long with eight 14–15 inches (360–380 mm) wide pieces. These pieces are sewn together to create the basic T-shape. Kimono are traditionally sewn by hand, a technique known as

2254:, labelled the "national costume of Japan", is the most well-known form of traditional Japanese clothing. The kimono is worn wrapped around the body, left side over right, and is sometimes worn layered. It is always worn with an 583: 5269: 1285: 1627:" - luxurious displays of wealth and increased patronage of the arts - led to the further development of many art forms, including those of clothing. Genroku culture was spearheaded by the growing and increasingly-powerful 1498: 245:

saw traditional clothing – some produced exclusively for export and differing in construction from the clothes worn by Japanese people everyday – exported to the West, where it soon became a popular item of clothing for

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From this point on, Western clothing styles spread outwards of the military and upper public sectors, with courtiers and bureaucrats urged to adopt Western clothing, promoted as both modern and more practical. The

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jacket, worn by both genders in the early 7th century—being abandoned by both male and female courtiers. Others, such as the wrapped-front robes, also worn by men and women, were kept. Some elements, such as the

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Jackson, Anna. "Kimono: Fashioning Culture by Liza Dalby". Rev. of Kimono: Fashioning Culture. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 58 (1995): 419-20. JSTOR. Web. 6 Apr.

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performance of manual labor, were not protected in the way that the upper class were in that time period. This was also the period in which Japanese traditional clothing became introduced to the Western world.

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classes, representative of their increasing economic power, rivalled that of the aristocracy and samurai classes, brightly coloured and utilising expensive production techniques, such as handpainted dyework.

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became popular with young people. Around 2010, men began wearing kimono again in situations other than their own wedding, and kimono were again promoted and worn as everyday dress by a small minority.

5262: 2551:) for both men and women are plain black with five crests, though Western clothing is also worn to funerals. Any plain black kimono with less than five crests is not considered to be mourning wear. 636: 4731: 603: 5255: 3010:

trend is found in both Shibuya and Harajuku, and is influenced by a "schoolgirl" look, with participants often wearing short skirts, oversized knee-high socks, and sparkling accessories.

1691:, which valued and prioritised the display of wealth through almost mundane appearances, developed, a concept of kimono design and wear that continues to this day as a major influence. 330: 5160: 2568:, often with fur stoles around the neck. Other occasions where kimono are traditionally worn in the modern day include the period surrounding the New Year, graduation ceremonies, and 1309: 1070:) had been worn under the outermost upper-body garments, but now, following the newer Chinese fashion, they transitioned to being worn on top (again, by women, but not yet by men). 2303:

of kimono exist that are worn in the modern day, with women having more varieties than men. Whereas men's kimono differ in formality typically through fabric choice, the number of

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is then tied in place. Kimono are always worn left-over-right unless being worn by the dead, in which case they are worn right-over-left. When the kimono is worn outside, either

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resembled a modern kimono, though at this time the sleeves were sewn shut at the back and were smaller in width (shoulder seam to cuff) than the body of the garment. During the

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are generally stiffer, meaning the kimono is actually kept closed through tying a series of flat ribbons, such as kumihimo, around the body. The two most common varieties of

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Multiple designers use the kimono as a foundation for their current designs, being influenced by its cultural and aesthetic aspects and including them into their garments.

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are almost entirely made of cotton of an often lighter weight and brighter color than most kimono fabrics. It is worn for festivals and cherry blossom viewing ceremonies.

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and the ways in which clothing can be used to stereotype a culture; in 2016, the "Kimono Wednesday" event held at the Boston Museum of Arts became a key example of this.

1107:), with long, round-collared outer robes. Richer garments in silk are ornamented with figural and geometric patterns, woven and dyed; some have flaring sleeves. Aprons, 934: 2801:

are typically long, rectangular belts that can be decorated and coloured in a variety of different ways, as well as being made of a number of different fabrics. Modern

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is an informal kimono worn specifically in the spring and summer, and it is generally less expensive than the traditional kimono. Because it was made for warm weather,

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kimono, woven from raw and waste silk threads unsuitable for other uses, became highly popular, following the loss of many people's possessions. By 1930, ready-to-wear

2445:(mourning) kimono are worn by both men and women, with differences only in construction and sometimes decoration. In previous decades, women only stopped wearing the 4077: 836: 3913: 5178: 4724: 2596:

are worn by men and women during the spring and summer months. In the warmer weather months, vibrant colors and floral designs (like cherry blossoms) are common.

2474:) was passed from mother to daughter as simply learning how to dress, and in the modern day, this is also taught in specialist kimono schools. First, one puts on 1334: 1097:. Most of them close left-over-right, but some abut or overlap right-over-left. Collar shapes include narrow, round or v-shaped. There is craftsmen's clothing in 2817:

are a type of sandal worn with kimono that resemble flip-flops by design, with the exception that the base is sturdier and at times forms a gently sloping heel.

1846:, the opening of Japan to Western trade after the enclosure of the Edo period led to a drive towards Western dress as a sign of "modernity". After an edict by 897: 4740: 4255: 2829:) that may be embroidered and woven with gold and silver yarn. These shoes are typically worn with white socks usually mostly covered by the kimono's hem. 2465:

The word kimono literally translates as "thing to wear", and up until the 19th century it was the main form of dress worn by men and women alike in Japan.

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issued a number of sumptuary laws `for the lower classes, prohibiting the use of purple or red fabric, gold embroidery, and the use of intricately dyed

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Nakagawa, K. Rosovsky, H. (1963). The case of the dying kimono: the influence of changing fashions on the development of the Japanese woolen industry.

1132:(794-1185 CE), Japan stopped sending envoys to the Chinese dynastic courts. This prevented Chinese-imported goods—including clothing—from entering the 5193: 4717: 4273: 2219: 1735: 2795:

is similar to a belt, wrapping around the outer kimono and helping to keep all of the layers together, though it does not actually tie them closed.

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schools were set up to teach women how to don kimono. Men in this period rarely wore kimono, and menswear thus escaped most of the formalisation.).

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wear and a more formal display of fashionable clothing, most Japanese people wore the comfortable kimono at home and when out of the public eye.

1619:(1603–1867 CE), both Japan's culture and economy developed significantly. A particular factor in the development of the Edo period was the early 1454: 2262:, and may be worn with a number of traditional accessories and types of footwear. Kimono differ in construction and wear between men and women. 2087:

Until the 1930s, the majority of Japanese still wore kimono, and Western clothes were still restricted to out-of-home use by certain classes.

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and fashion designers. Fascination for the clothing of Japanese people continued into WW2, where some stereotypes of Japanese culture such as

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translating literally as "something to wear" or "thing worn on the shoulders". Other types of traditional fashion include the clothing of the

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developed further, with bolder designs and flashy primary colours becoming popular. By this time, separate lower-body garments such as the

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became widespread. Over time, depictions and interest in traditional and modern Japanese clothing has generated discussions surrounding

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or linen, and they were made with multiple layers of materials. Today, kimono can be made of silk, silk brocade, silk crepes (such as

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became much longer and wider, with various styles of knots coming into fashion, alongside stiffer weaves of material to support them.

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Traditional Japanese fashion represents a long-standing history of traditional culture, encompassing colour palettes developed in the

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have no sculpture on top. These figures likely do not represent everyday dress; they may represent riding dress. Many wear armour.

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when they got married, typically in their early- to mid-twenties; however, in the modern day, a woman will usually stop wearing

4248: 3116: 540: 96: 723: 590: 3177: 5674: 4892: 4769: 3510:. Rebecca A. T. Stevens, Yoshiko Iwamoto Wada, Textile Museum (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Pomegranate. p. 132. 818:(black gauze caps stiffened with lacquer) were being worn by male courtiers, and were regulaed in the 11th regnal year of 304: 6405: 3335: 2370:

are formal kimono with a design solely along the hem, and are considered the most formal kimono for women outside of the

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From this point onwards, the basic shape of both men's and women's kimono remained largely unchanged. The sleeves of the

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kimono had become highly popular for their bright, seasonally changing designs, many of which took inspiration from the

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During the later Heian period, various clothing edicts reduced the number of layers a woman could wear, leading to the

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with non-overlapping lapels, the front, collar, and cuffs edged with contrasting fabric, possibly an underlayer; the

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Assmann, Stephanie. "Between Tradition and Innovation: The Reinvention of the Kimono in Japanese Consumer Culture."

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was deemed a necessity. Bridal trousseaus containing tens of kimono of every possible subtype were also promoted as

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had been introduced to Japan via Chinese envoys in the Kofun period, with immigration between the two countries and

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as school uniform for girls. However, kimono still remained popular as an item of everyday fashion; following the

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Valk, Julie. "The 'Kimono Wednesday' protests: identity politics and how the kimono became more than Japanese."

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with great ceremony. The ceremonial clothing of attendees (probably not all made in Japan) was preserved in the

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from the Tang Dynastic courts developed independently into what is known literally as "national culture" or "

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is most appropriate; outside of this, the main groups of people most likely to wear traditional clothes are

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Aliyaapon, Jiratanatiteenun, et al. "The Transformation of Japanese Street Fashion between 2006 and 2011."

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being Chinese in origin, due to the limitations of Japan's ability to produce the fabrics at the time (see

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Japanese fashion designers : the work and influence of Issey Miyake, Yohji Yamamoto and Rei Kawakubo

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can be made of wood, leather and vinyl, with more formal varieties featuring decorated straps (known as

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are typically made of a crisp, if not stiff, weave of fabric, and may be relatively thick and unpliant.

2562:, is another occasion where kimono are worn. At these annual celebrations, women wear brightly coloured 1885: 1074: 2286: 1204:(trousers) became longer than the legs and also trailed behind the wearer. Men's formal dress included 2492:. Finally, the kimono is put on, with the left side covering the right, tied in place with one or two 2062:

While kimono were no longer common wear for men, they remained everyday wear for Japanese women until

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at this time began to slowly graduate to a more formalised, neatened appearance, with a flat, uniform

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fabric, also became the preferred material for kimono at this time, replacing the previously popular

1225:(lit., "small sleeve") garment—previously considered underwear—becoming outerwear by the time of the 874: 169: 2040:

standards were still relatively informal, and would not become formalised until after World War II.

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The overall silhouette of the kimono transformed during the Edo period due to the broadening of the

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Ashikari, M. (2003). The memory of the women’s white faces: Japanese and the ideal image of women.

3056: 2937: 1159:, the term used to refer to Heian-period Japanese culture, particularly that of the upper classes. 112: 3836: 3139: 471: 6062: 5226: 4929: 4521: 4289: 3490:

Elizabeth LaCouture, Journal of Design History, Vol. 30, Issue 3, 1 September 2017, Pages 300–314

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Rybalko, Svitlana. "JAPANESE TRADITIONAL RAIMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF EMERGENT CULTURAL PARADIGMS."

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that are made to be worn in the snow or dirt, featured with wooden columns underneath the shoes.

1674: 1007: 860: 813: 776: 730:(593–628), male and female court dress were very similar. Both wore round-necked front-fastening 716: 687: 620: 17: 4180:

Transglobal Fashion Narratives: Clothing Communication, Style Statements and Brand Storytelling

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and extending below it to about knee length, a more heavily pleated contrasting skirt called a

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Goldstein-Gidoni, O. (1999). Kimono and the construction of gendered and cultural identities.

3935: 3907: 3820: 3792: 3682: 3672: 3569: 3544: 3521: 3511: 3468: 2857: 2048: 1604: 1276: 786:) is a major source of information for upper-class clothing of this period. By this time, the 206:

Despite previous generations wearing traditional clothing near-entirely, following the end of

108: 2066:(1940–1945). Though the Taishō period had seen a number of invented traditions, standards of 6223: 5999: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 4990: 4924: 4575: 4110:

Foley, Valerie. "Western fashion, Eastern look: the influence of the kimono and the qipau."

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is a low-formality solid-colour kimono worn for tea ceremony and other mildly-formal events.

2336:(lit., "swinging sleeve") is a type of formal kimono usually worn by young women, often for 1686: 1226: 1195: 1179:

skirt worn by women, continued on in a reduced capacity, worn only to formal occasions; the

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Women typically wear kimono when they attend traditional arts, such as a tea ceremonies or

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Until the 5th century CE, there is little artistic evidence of the clothing worn in Japan.

312:), there is some description of clothing worn in Japan. It describes broad cloth (possibly 5844: 5729: 5660: 5607: 5455: 5374: 4854: 4642: 3706: 3671:(first ed.). Washington DC, San Francisco: The Textile Museum, Pomegranate Artbooks. 3614:"Dress like an aristocrat from the Nara period at new costume rental shop in Nara【Photos】" 3339: 3108: 2832: 1901:- became popular amongst Japanese women as a more low-effort hairstyle for everyday life. 1624: 1049: 444: 416: 138: 5247: 3596: 2090:

During the war, kimono factories shut down, and the government encouraged people to wear

1034:

collars, which overlapped like modern kimono collars, though men continued wearing round

4834: 4048: 3892: 3488: 2117:

Kimono were promoted as essential for ceremonial occasions; for instance, the expensive

123:. The most well-known form of traditional Japanese fashion is the kimono, with the term 6431: 5946: 5734: 5695: 5632: 5469: 5284: 4804: 4203:

Black, Daniel. "Wearing Out Racial Discourse: Tokyo Street Fashion and Race as Style."

2958: 2901: 2618:

Up until the 15th century the vast majority of kimono worn by most people were made of

1864: 1560: 1510:

worn as outerwear. Note wider cut, and unisex narrow obi and shorter sleeves. Matsuura

1415: 1394: 1094: 519:

just above the calf, so that they balloon over the knee, allowing freedom of movement.

339: 192: 175: 3169: 2874:

wrote that they would be "best be described as a loose, thin, crepe cotton version of

1344: 234:

wrestlers, all of whom are required to wear traditional clothing in their profession.

6441: 6163: 6124: 5886: 5739: 5055: 4622: 3592: 3432: 2969: 2732: 2571: 1847: 978: 843: 819: 727: 594: 119:

for some clothing, and styles of wearing primarily fully-developed by the end of the

2525: 557: 271: 6419: 6230: 5939: 5858: 5754: 5744: 5724: 4709: 4584: 2905: 2894: 2721: 2557: 2337: 1914: 1843: 1807: 1133: 1129: 1016: 708: 494: 280: 207: 196: 188: 100: 92: 30: 5596: 4370: 4131:

Carpenter, John T. "Weaving Kimono Back into the Fabric of Japanese Art History."

1248: 3769: 2679:

were relatively pliant and soft, so literally held the kimono closed; modern-day

2395:

are semi-formal women's kimono featuring a design on part of the sleeves and hem.

2072:(wearing kimono) were still not as formalised in this time, with creases, uneven 1972:) technique of dyeing, where either warp or both warp and weft threads (known as 1709:

In the Edo period, the kimono market was divided into craftspeople, who made the

698:

should be shorter, with a short pleated frill beneath, as in the women's costume.

237:

Traditional Japanese clothing has garnered fascination in the Western world as a

34:

Photograph of a man and woman wearing traditional clothing, taken in Osaka, Japan

6337: 6272: 5893: 5879: 5872: 5589: 5426: 5304: 4486: 4086: 3644: 2870: 2736: 2304: 2128: 1665: 1603:, lengthening of the sleeves, and the style of wearing multiple layered kimono ( 1117: 1086: 1082: 545: 238: 128: 187:(Western clothes), though many well-known Japanese fashion designers – such as 6316: 6191: 6177: 6138: 6096: 5971: 5932: 5719: 5688: 5639: 5536: 5522: 5448: 5353: 5339: 5297: 4604: 4539: 4228: 3332: 2875: 2266: 2257: 2001: 1616: 1104: 977:). Women also sometimes wore a lap-fronted overvest, and a narrow rectangular 120: 2697:, which can be worn with everything but the most casual forms of kimono, and 6358: 6265: 6184: 6075: 5953: 5918: 5784: 5681: 5501: 5494: 5381: 4651: 4512: 3723:"JAPANESE TRADITIONAL RAIMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF EMERGENT CULTURAL PARADIGMS" 3686: 3525: 2162: 1896: 1194:

grew too narrow to wrap all the way around and became a trapezoidal pleated

1163: 719:

to Japan; during this time, Chinese influence over Japan was fairly strong.

505:

offering cylinders. These were used in the 5th and 6th century, though most

316:), made into unshaped garments by being tied about the waist and shoulders. 309: 242: 5985: 5851: 5346: 2340:

or as bridalwear, and is considered the most formal kimono for young women.

2235: 1673:

In response to the increasing material wealth of the merchant classes, the

1628: 1863:

In Japan, modern Japanese fashion history might be conceived as a gradual

6351: 6344: 6323: 6302: 6290: 6205: 6089: 6038: 6024: 5865: 5777: 5568: 5515: 5508: 5404: 5367: 5332: 5311: 4530: 4307: 4298: 3666: 3505: 2964: 2331: 2170: 2120: 1951: 1893:

large bun on top of a relatively wide hairstyle, similar to the Japanese

1513: 712: 610: 295: 2646:. However, even machine-made kimono require substantial hand-stitching. 660:

Replica of the dress of the center-right figure in the preceding picture

6330: 6237: 6131: 6045: 5925: 5819: 5805: 5625: 5582: 5487: 5325: 4696: 4678: 4613: 4566: 4557: 4456: 4447: 4411: 4379: 3787:

Fassbender, Bardo; Peters, Anne; Peter, Simone; Högger, Daniel (2012).

2974: 2812: 2652: 2536: 1820: 1620: 563: 551: 231: 161: 822:(~684 CE); this fashion persists in formal use into the 21st century. 642:

Replica of the dress of the leftmost figure in the preceding picture;

6258: 6251: 6170: 6068: 5992: 5900: 5826: 5798: 5791: 5653: 5575: 5561: 5318: 4919: 4687: 4548: 4503: 4474: 4429: 4402: 4395: 4388: 4352: 4325: 4316: 3046: 3026: 2716: 2440: 2432: 2420: 2412: 2401: 2390: 2382: 2365: 2357: 2346: 2300: 2230: 1967: 1939: 1869: 1700:

began to grow in length, especially amongst unmarried women, and the

1653: 1536: 1323: 1270: 1262: 1220: 984: 528: 516: 500: 433: 407: 389: 358: 336:

Museum-reconstruction figurines (conducting religious ceremony; note

251: 219: 213: 144: 64: 4361: 4233: 4082:: Hanging out in underwear is a cool way to survive the summer heat" 2649:

Kimono are traditionally made from a single bolt of fabric called a

2058:

standards for women, which promoted a smooth, streamlined appearance

1917:

for men and school uniform for boys, and between 1920 and 1930, the

915:

Nara court dress with stole, apron and overvest, 2009 reconstruction

3722: 6309: 6198: 6082: 6031: 6017: 5978: 5462: 5360: 4787: 4660: 4465: 4438: 4343: 4334: 4091: 3036: 3005: 2979: 2943: 2936: 2740: 2720: 2631: 2603: 2524: 2277: 2234: 2093: 2047: 1647: 1592: 1585:

were almost never worn, allowing full-length patterns to be seen.

270: 225: 39: 29: 2425:

are informal kimono with a repeating pattern all over the kimono.

2153:

A young woman wearing very formal Japanese dress, 2010; note the

1794:, May 1912, some in European dress, some in kimono, some wearing 6103: 5812: 5543: 4669: 3987:

Phoebe Grant’s Fascinating Stories of World Cultures and Customs

3539:

Wada, Yoshiko Iwamoto; Rice, Mary Kellogg; Barton, Jane (2011).

2619: 2189:

In the early years of the 21st century, the cheaper and simpler

1961: 1052:, which were associated with scholasticism, only later adopting 313: 116: 5251: 4713: 4237: 2673:, of which there are several varieties. In previous centuries, 1166:, with some elements—such as the round-necked and tube-sleeved 1116:

Social segregation of clothing was primarily noticeable in the

981:. Men's upper-class dress had narrow, unpleated (single-panel) 241:

of a different culture; first gaining popularity in the 1860s,

3813:

Robes of Elegance: Japanese Kimonos of the 16th-20th Centuries

3755: 2868:, a kind of underpants named after a song. Kaori Shoji of the 1683:

patterns. As a result, a school of aesthetic thought known as

3543:(3rd ed.). New York: Kodansha USA, Inc. pp. 11–13. 2703:, which are narrower at one end to make them easier to wear. 525:, wrapped skirts, were worn by men and women, sometimes over 3507:

The kimono inspiration : art and art-to-wear in America

1004:), with elaborate hats of stiffened open-weave black cloth ( 4177:

Peirson-Smith, Anne; II, Joseph H. Hancock (15 July 2018).

3541:

Shibori: The Inventive Art of Japanese Shaped Resist Dyeing

3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 4151: 4149: 3079: 3077: 3075: 132: 3467:(1st ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. 3199:. n.p.: Oxford ; New York : Berg, 2011., 2011. 1764:

Assorted types of kimono, Western dress, a court lady in

842:

Women's dress, with overvest, overskirt, waist sash, and

742:

skirt, above knee-length, had a matching edge. Below the

3085:

Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture

1772:, and a schoolgirl in a high-collared shirt, kimono and 792:

lapels overlapped (still right side over left), and the

766:

with a contrasting lower edge, and women wore a pleated

3789:

The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law

3599:'s reign; the usual date for the transition is 686 CE). 3364:"The Costume Museum - The Rebirth of The Tale of Genji" 3103: 3101: 2576:, which is a celebration for children aged 3, 5 and 7. 1015:

Nara-period women's clothing was heavily influenced by

891:

Children's dress, late 8th century, 2005 reconstruction

4694: 4685: 4676: 4667: 4658: 4649: 4640: 4620: 4611: 4602: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4555: 4546: 4537: 4528: 4519: 4510: 4501: 4472: 4463: 4454: 4445: 4436: 4427: 4418: 4409: 4400: 4386: 4377: 4368: 4359: 4350: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4314: 4305: 4296: 4287: 3668:

The kimono inspiration: art and art-to-wear in America

3665:

Stevens, Rebecca A. T.; Wada, Yoshiko Iwamoto (1996).

3024: 3003: 2988: 2941: 2847: 2838: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2810: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2781: 2772: 2763: 2726: 2707: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2658: 2650: 2641: 2629: 2623: 2609: 2591: 2585: 2569: 2563: 2555: 2546: 2534: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2452: 2446: 2438: 2430: 2418: 2410: 2399: 2388: 2380: 2371: 2363: 2355: 2351:

is also worn as bridalwear as an unbelted outer layer.

2344: 2329: 2314: 2308: 2270: 2255: 2240: 2205: 2190: 2176: 2168: 2160: 2154: 2126: 2118: 2109: 2099: 2091: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2053: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1973: 1965: 1955: 1945: 1937: 1927: 1919: 1894: 1834: 1828: 1801: 1795: 1773: 1765: 1716: 1710: 1701: 1695: 1684: 1678: 1663: 1657: 1645: 1638: 1632: 1598: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1554: 1548: 1547:

began to be held closed with a small belt known as an

1542: 1534: 1511: 1505: 1467: 1461: 1443: 1437: 1419: 1398: 1358: 1352: 1321: 1315: 1298: 1292: 1268: 1260: 1254: 1246: 1218: 1205: 1199: 1174: 1138: 1113:, leggings, socks and shoes have also been preserved. 1108: 1098: 1065: 1059: 1053: 1005: 982: 972: 957: 940: 872: 866: 858: 811: 805: 799: 793: 787: 767: 761: 755: 749: 743: 737: 731: 693: 685: 679: 673: 643: 614: 561: 549: 526: 520: 506: 498: 431: 387: 356: 337: 223: 211: 182: 167: 159: 6403: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3877:

Dalby, Liza. (Mar 1995) "Kimono: Fashioning Culture".

3660: 3658: 3034: 1320:

collars on husband and wife, in their home. Note red

1167: 284: 3934:(1st ed.). Milano, Italy: Skira Editore S.p.A. 3044: 1978:) were dyed using a stencil pattern before weaving. 158:, most notably including the traditional fabrics of 103:

clothing and cultural traditions, motifs taken from

6282: 6215: 6155: 6113: 6055: 6009: 5963: 5910: 5836: 5767: 5712: 5606: 5553: 5479: 5440: 5391: 5283: 5214: 5171: 5138: 5107: 5076: 5006: 4943: 4842: 4768: 4633: 4595: 4494: 4280: 2468:Traditionally, the art of wearing kimono (known as 2283:

Japanese Woman in Traditional Dress Posing Outdoors

692:cap. This reconstruction is probably outdated; the 3728:Cogito (2066-7094, Humanities Source, EBSCO (Host) 3721: 2486:(under-kimono) is put on, which is then tied by a 1913:Western clothing quickly became standard issue as 1876:fascination with Dutch technologies and writings. 1291:The courtiers in the foreground are wearing their 989:(trousers) under a loose, mandarin-collared coat ( 548:China. There is evidence of the oldest samples of 38:There are typically two types of clothing worn in 1418:and son, 13th century illustration. Pale pleated 497:clothing is known from clay sculptures used atop 3925: 3923: 3791:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 477. 3191: 3189: 3187: 3054: 2457:around this time whether she is married or not. 1662:plain-weave silk, which had been used to create 4016:Yamaka, Norio. (Nov 9 2012) The Book of Kimono. 3985:Grant, P. (2005). Kimonos: the robes of Japan. 3380:See "Explanation" button for relevant costumes. 2748: 1180: 1152: 1035: 1020: 990: 142: 79: 54: 4161:Airiti Library eBooks & Journals - 華藝線上圖書館 2755: 2249: 1853: 1342: 1187: 1146: 1042: 1027: 997: 804:were edged with pleated frills, replacing the 292: 151: 73: 48: 5263: 4725: 4249: 4026: 4024: 4022: 1860:promoted Western dress as everyday clothing. 1081:In 752 CE, a massive bronze Buddha statue at 63:, including the national dress of Japan, the 8: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3426: 3424: 3342:, Chinese texts and its Japanese translation 2529:A couple wearing kimono on their wedding day 4012: 4010: 4008: 3932:Taisho Kimono: Speaking of Past and Present 3912:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3638: 3636: 3634: 1936:of 1923, cheap, informal and ready-to-wear 1012:). Clothing was belted with narrow sashes. 962:outer collar, with upper garments outermost 181:Modern Japanese fashion mostly encompasses 5612: 5289: 5270: 5256: 5248: 4732: 4718: 4710: 4256: 4242: 4234: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3504:Textile Museum (Washington, D.C.) (1996). 3411:"Japanese Traditional Dress and Adornment" 4274:List of items traditionally worn in Japan 2265:After the four-class system ended in the 2220:List of items traditionally worn in Japan 1752:Part of the Ootuki family in kimono, 1874 1736:Japanese clothing during the Meiji period 27:Japanese clothing, traditional and modern 4071: 4069: 3587: 3585: 2148: 6410: 3607: 3605: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3071: 2667:Kimono are worn with sash-belts called 1742: 1494: 1380: 1235: 930: 832: 613:influence, with overlapping collar and 579: 326: 279:Little is known of the clothing of the 5278:Japanese weapons, armour and equipment 4114:24, no. 1 (September 1, 1999): 23-29. 3905: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 1994:(short-sleeved) kimono for women, and 4229:Video about Traditional Japanese Wear 4042: 4040: 3140:"Okinawa Traditional Costume – Ryuso" 3087:12, no. 3 (September 2008): 359-376. 2855:Beginning in 1881, Japanese men wore 2664:frequently hand-made and -decorated. 2167:wig with attached locks and numerous 1833:) for silk linings fabrics (known as 1778:. All wear both purple and red. 1890. 672:Contemporary men's dress, with green 7: 4778:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing 3215: 3213: 3150:from the original on 18 October 2016 2052:A 1957 clothing ad, showing postwar 2028:, which also resembled the "proper" 1725:Modern period (1869–), by regnal era 945:collar, and lower garments outermost 267:Yayoi period (Neolithic to Iron Age) 3612:Rogers, Krista (14 December 2015). 2429:Other types of kimono, such as the 1960:kimono were usually dyed using the 4049:"16 Traditional Japanese Fashions" 3180:from the original on 14 July 2016. 1926:replaced the kimono and undivided 1487:Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568–1600) 1460:Carpenters in common dress, 1309; 593:, an embroidery from the reign of 25: 3839:Mami Baba. Sen'i gakkaishi vol.64 3119:from the original on 10 July 2020 3061:– traditional Vietnamese clothing 2584:Kimono are matched with seasons. 1806:spread from the court as part of 1721:, or wholesalers, and retailers. 1611:, woodblock print, 19th century). 722:Judging by the depictions in the 544:wearing clothing similar that of 18:Seasonal Wardrobe Change in Japan 6425: 6413: 4833: 4754:History of clothing and textiles 4485: 4183:. Intellect Books. p. 179. 2522:sandals are traditionally worn. 1783: 1757: 1745: 1623:period (1688–1704 CE), wherein " 1497: 1453: 1429: 1408: 1383: 1333: 1308: 1284: 1238: 950: 933: 908: 896: 884: 850: 835: 665: 653: 635: 602: 582: 541:envoys to the Tang dynasty court 478: 464: 452: 443: 424: 415: 399: 380: 368: 349: 329: 42:: traditional clothing known as 6056:Projectile and throwing weapons 5161:impact of the COVID-19 pandemic 4207:42, no. 2 (April 2009): p.241. 3720:Rybalko, Svitlana (June 2012). 3700:Bamforth, Chris (26 May 2006), 3223:4, no. 2 (June 2012): 112-123. 3031:– traditional Okinawan clothing 2948:girls, identified by shortened 2175:, paired with a formal brocade 2034:of upper-class women. However, 1567:(1568–1600), decoration of the 1482:Muromachi period (1336–1573 CE) 1210:collars and very wide sleeves. 711:began with the introduction of 4047:Spacey, John (July 11, 2015). 3702:"The capital delights of Nara" 3595:'s reign and the beginning of 3201:Ignacio: USF Libraries Catalog 3041:– traditional Chinese clothing 2554:The "coming of age" ceremony, 1436:Simple unisex everyday dress, 1397:, detail. Note red and purple 1297:off-the-shoulder, showing the 1245:In the late Heian period, the 556:tie-dyed fabric stored at the 406:Figure (reconstruction?) from 1: 4215:(accessed November 16, 2016). 4157:Advances In Applied Sociology 4137:Art & Architecture Source 4116:Bibliography of Asian Studies 3138:Boivin, Mai (22 April 2013). 3089:Art & Architecture Source 3051:– traditional Korean clothing 2290: 2239:Gion geisha Sayaka wearing a 2214:Types of traditional clothing 1519: 780: 624: 305:Records of the Three Kingdoms 6156:Improvised and other weapons 5188: 4167:(accessed October 29, 2016). 4143:(accessed November 9, 2016). 4122:(accessed November 3, 2016). 3817:North Carolina Museum of Art 3433:"Kofun Period (ca. 300–710)" 3323:(accessed October 31, 2016). 3207:(accessed November 2, 2016). 3025: 2628:) and satin weaves (such as 715:, and the writing system of 537:Traditional Chinese clothing 410:, decorated with red pigment 308:compiled by Chinese scholar 275:Reconstructed Yayoi clothing 133: 6393:Military equipment of Japan 5077:1920s–1950s Western fashion 5007:1830s–1910s Western fashion 4944:1500s–1820s Western fashion 4695: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4659: 4650: 4641: 4621: 4612: 4603: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4556: 4547: 4538: 4529: 4520: 4511: 4502: 4473: 4464: 4455: 4446: 4437: 4428: 4419: 4410: 4401: 4387: 4378: 4369: 4360: 4351: 4342: 4333: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4076:Shoji, Kaori (2012-07-17). 4032:The Business History Review 3891:. Ndl.go.jp. Archived from 3568:. E.P. Dutton. p. 28. 3370:. The Costume Museum, Kyoto 3231:(accessed October 29, 2016) 3144:insideokinawa.wordpress.com 3095:(accessed November 1, 2016) 3045: 3035: 3004: 2989: 2942: 2922:Influence on modern fashion 2848: 2839: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2811: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2782: 2773: 2764: 2749: 2727: 2708: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2659: 2651: 2642: 2630: 2624: 2610: 2592: 2586: 2570: 2564: 2556: 2547: 2535: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2453: 2447: 2439: 2431: 2419: 2411: 2400: 2389: 2381: 2372: 2364: 2356: 2345: 2330: 2315: 2309: 2271: 2256: 2241: 2206: 2199:Reiwa period (2019–present) 2191: 2177: 2169: 2161: 2155: 2127: 2119: 2110: 2100: 2092: 2080: 2074: 2068: 2054: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1974: 1966: 1956: 1946: 1938: 1928: 1920: 1895: 1835: 1829: 1802: 1796: 1774: 1766: 1717: 1711: 1702: 1696: 1685: 1679: 1664: 1658: 1646: 1639: 1633: 1599: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1535: 1512: 1506: 1468: 1462: 1444: 1438: 1420: 1399: 1373:Kamakura period (1185–1333) 1363:collar in men's court dress 1359: 1353: 1322: 1316: 1299: 1293: 1269: 1261: 1255: 1247: 1219: 1206: 1200: 1181: 1175: 1168: 1153: 1139: 1109: 1099: 1066: 1060: 1054: 1036: 1021: 1006: 991: 983: 973: 958: 941: 873: 867: 859: 812: 806: 800: 794: 788: 768: 762: 756: 750: 744: 738: 732: 694: 686: 680: 674: 644: 615: 562: 550: 527: 521: 507: 499: 432: 388: 357: 338: 285: 224: 212: 183: 168: 160: 143: 80: 55: 6464: 4205:Journal of Popular Culture 3464:Kimono: Fashioning Culture 3317:Literature Resource Center 3109:"Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles" 2983:subculture fashion style. 2930: 2714: 2228: 2217: 1872:of a number of varieties. 1733: 1253:consisted of many layers ( 438:figure with reconstruction 394:figure with reconstruction 6368: 5615: 5292: 4831: 4759:History of fashion design 4748: 4483: 4271: 3431:Department of Asian Art. 3115:. Kyoto National Museum. 2756: 2498:and smoothed over with a 2307:on the garment (known as 2250: 2145:Heisei period (1989–2019) 2084:still deemed acceptable. 1909:Taishō period (1912–1926) 1854: 1403:with trailing waist ties. 1343: 1188: 1147: 1043: 1028: 998: 572:Asuka period (538–710 CE) 320:Kofun period (300–538 CE) 152: 137:) and the clothes of the 74: 49: 6388:National Treasure swords 5084:Suffrage Movement period 2125:worn by young women for 2044:Shōwa period (1926–1989) 2022:and a smooth, uncreased 1730:Meiji period (1868–1912) 724:Tenjukoku Shūchō Mandala 591:Tenjukoku Shūchō Mandala 4743:of clothing and fashion 3618:SoraNews24 -Japan News- 3566:The Story of the Kimono 2950:Japanese school uniform 2933:Japanese street fashion 2837:are sandals similar to 1124:Heian period (794–1185) 1058:. Lower-body garments ( 201:Japanese street fashion 5911:Chain and rope weapons 4112:Surface Design Journal 3811:Ishimura Hayao et al. 3564:Liddell, Jill (1989). 3055: 2953: 2744: 2615: 2530: 2322: 2296: 2245: 2182: 2059: 1934:Great Kantō Earthquake 1612: 1609:Plum Blossoms at Night 1589:Edo period (1603–1867) 1565:Azuchi-Momoyama period 772:long enough to trail. 726:, during the reign of 648:with stripes and frill 293: 276: 256:cultural appropriation 115:, the use of types of 113:traditional literature 35: 5837:Samurai accoutrements 5750:Mail and plate armour 5172:By country and region 4135:(October 2014): 1-5. 3837:町人のきもの 1 寛文～江戸中期までの着物 3174:okinawatravelinfo.com 2940: 2724: 2607: 2528: 2281: 2238: 2152: 2051: 1886:Ministry of Education 1808:Japanese reform dress 1596: 1533:Originally worn with 1164:increasingly stylised 1019:China. Women adopted 826:Nara period (710–794) 485:Figure in a loincloth 283:. In the 3rd-century 274: 33: 5964:Clubs and truncheons 5139:2000–present fashion 4596:Belt / sash 3461:Dalby, Liza (1993). 2927:Tokyo street fashion 2717:Kimono § yukata 2000:. The bridal kimono 1259:) worn over a plain 754:was worn. Below the 609:Women's dress under 5480:Polearms and spears 5179:Indian subcontinent 5108:1960s-1990s fashion 4159:no. 4 (2012): 292. 3768:Badgley, Joshua L. 3643:Badgley, Joshua L. 3591:(around the end of 3315:no. 2 (2015): 379. 3057:Vietnamese clothing 2098:(also romanised as 1637:); the clothing of 903:In contemporary art 302:, a section of the 5441:Knives and daggers 3965:, 38 (4), 351-370. 3930:Dees, Jan (2009). 3770:"Women's Garments" 3338:2010-10-16 at the 3221:Cogito (2066-7094) 2954: 2745: 2616: 2531: 2461:Dressing in kimono 2297: 2246: 2183: 2060: 1675:Tokugawa shogunate 1613: 1328:of standing woman. 1075:Yoro clothing code 857:Men's dress, with 777:Takamatsuzuka Tomb 760:, men wore narrow 717:Chinese characters 621:Takamatsuzuka Tomb 459:6th-century figure 277: 141:which is known as 36: 6448:Japanese clothing 6401: 6400: 6297:Edo period police 5763: 5762: 5620:Auxiliary armours 5436: 5435: 5245: 5244: 4707: 4706: 4265:Japanese clothing 4209:Humanities Source 4190:978-1-78320-845-6 4034:, 37 (1/2), 59-68 3941:978-88-572-0011-8 3887:更新日：2010年11月25日. 3645:"Women's Outfits" 3550:978-1-56836-396-7 3437:www.metmuseum.org 3225:Humanities Source 3195:English, Bonnie. 2774:Hakama, obi, zōri 2611:tateya musubi obi 2338:Coming of Age Day 1715:and accessories, 1605:Utagawa Kuniyoshi 1277:The Tale of Genji 1229:(1336-1573 CE). 1032:, "drape-necked") 286:Weizhi Worenchuan 44:Japanese clothing 16:(Redirected from 6455: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6409: 6378:Weapons of Japan 5613: 5554:Practice weapons 5530:Torimono sandōgu 5290: 5272: 5265: 5258: 5249: 4991:Directoire style 4837: 4734: 4727: 4720: 4711: 4700: 4691: 4682: 4673: 4664: 4655: 4646: 4626: 4617: 4608: 4588: 4579: 4570: 4561: 4552: 4543: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4489: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4442: 4433: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4392: 4383: 4374: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4258: 4251: 4244: 4235: 4216: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4174: 4168: 4153: 4144: 4129: 4123: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4098: 4073: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4044: 4035: 4028: 4017: 4014: 4003: 3996: 3990: 3983: 3966: 3959: 3946: 3945: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3911: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3869: 3865: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3765: 3759: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3725: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3662: 3653: 3652: 3640: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3609: 3600: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3501: 3495: 3493: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3458: 3441: 3440: 3428: 3419: 3418: 3406: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3360: 3343: 3330: 3324: 3309: 3232: 3217: 3208: 3193: 3182: 3181: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3105: 3096: 3081: 3060: 3050: 3040: 3030: 3020:Culture of Japan 3009: 2992: 2947: 2866: 2851: 2842: 2836: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2785: 2776: 2767: 2761: 2759: 2758: 2752: 2730: 2711: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2662: 2656: 2645: 2635: 2627: 2613: 2595: 2589: 2575: 2567: 2561: 2550: 2545:Funeral kimono ( 2540: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2485: 2479: 2473: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2436: 2424: 2416: 2405: 2394: 2386: 2375: 2369: 2361: 2350: 2335: 2318: 2312: 2295: 2292: 2287:Suzuki Shin'ichi 2274: 2261: 2253: 2252: 2244: 2209: 2194: 2180: 2174: 2166: 2158: 2132: 2124: 2113: 2103: 2097: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2057: 2039: 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2009: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1977: 1971: 1959: 1949: 1943: 1931: 1923: 1900: 1859: 1857: 1856: 1838: 1832: 1805: 1799: 1787: 1777: 1771: 1761: 1749: 1720: 1714: 1705: 1699: 1690: 1682: 1669: 1661: 1651: 1642: 1636: 1629:merchant classes 1602: 1584: 1578: 1572: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1540: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1501: 1471: 1465: 1457: 1447: 1441: 1433: 1423: 1412: 1402: 1387: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1337: 1327: 1319: 1312: 1302: 1296: 1288: 1279:, 12th century). 1274: 1266: 1258: 1252: 1242: 1227:Muromachi period 1224: 1209: 1203: 1193: 1191: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1171: 1162:Clothing became 1158: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1142: 1112: 1102: 1069: 1063: 1057: 1050:mandarin collars 1048: 1047:, "high-necked") 1046: 1045: 1039: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1024: 1011: 1003: 1001: 1000: 994: 988: 976: 961: 954: 944: 937: 912: 900: 888: 878: 870: 864: 854: 839: 817: 809: 803: 797: 791: 785: 782: 771: 765: 759: 753: 747: 741: 735: 697: 691: 683: 677: 669: 657: 647: 639: 629: 626: 618: 606: 586: 567: 555: 532: 524: 510: 504: 482: 468: 456: 447: 437: 428: 419: 403: 393: 384: 372: 362: 353: 344: 333: 301: 299: 288: 229: 217: 186: 174:produced on the 173: 165: 157: 155: 154: 148: 136: 105:Japanese culture 87: 85: 77: 76: 69:Western clothing 62: 60: 52: 51: 21: 6463: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6454: 6453: 6452: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6426: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6404: 6402: 6397: 6383:Japanese swords 6373:Japanese armour 6364: 6278: 6211: 6151: 6109: 6051: 6005: 5959: 5906: 5832: 5759: 5708: 5602: 5549: 5475: 5432: 5416:Sword polishing 5411:Sword mountings 5387: 5279: 5276: 5246: 5241: 5210: 5167: 5134: 5103: 5072: 5002: 4939: 4838: 4829: 4764: 4763: 4744: 4738: 4708: 4703: 4629: 4591: 4490: 4481: 4276: 4267: 4262: 4225: 4220: 4219: 4202: 4198: 4191: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4154: 4147: 4130: 4126: 4109: 4105: 4096: 4094: 4075: 4074: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4046: 4045: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4015: 4006: 3997: 3993: 3984: 3969: 3960: 3949: 3942: 3929: 3928: 3921: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3866: 3843: 3835: 3831: 3810: 3806: 3799: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3707:The Japan Times 3699: 3698: 3694: 3679: 3664: 3663: 3656: 3642: 3641: 3632: 3622: 3620: 3611: 3610: 3603: 3590: 3583: 3576: 3563: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3518: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3460: 3459: 3444: 3430: 3429: 3422: 3409:Kennedy, Alan. 3408: 3407: 3384: 3373: 3371: 3362: 3361: 3346: 3340:Wayback Machine 3331: 3327: 3313:Asian Ethnology 3310: 3235: 3218: 3211: 3194: 3185: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3122: 3120: 3107: 3106: 3099: 3082: 3073: 3068: 3016: 2935: 2929: 2924: 2915: 2889: 2884: 2860: 2853: 2778: 2753: 2737:Asagao Festival 2733:morning glories 2719: 2713: 2602: 2582: 2463: 2325: 2301:different types 2293: 2267:Tokugawa period 2233: 2227: 2222: 2216: 2201: 2147: 2046: 1997:montsuki hakama 1988:, divisions of 1911: 1851: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1788: 1779: 1762: 1753: 1750: 1738: 1732: 1727: 1625:Genroku culture 1591: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1502: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1458: 1449: 1434: 1425: 1413: 1404: 1388: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1340: 1338: 1329: 1313: 1304: 1289: 1280: 1243: 1185: 1144: 1134:Imperial Palace 1126: 1073:In 718 CE, the 1040: 1025: 995: 968: 967: 966: 963: 955: 946: 938: 926: 925: 924: 919: 916: 913: 904: 901: 892: 889: 880: 871:, ornate sash, 855: 846: 840: 828: 783: 705: 704: 703: 702: 699: 670: 661: 658: 649: 640: 631: 627: 607: 598: 587: 574: 491: 490: 489: 486: 483: 474: 469: 460: 457: 448: 439: 429: 420: 411: 404: 395: 385: 376: 373: 364: 354: 345: 334: 322: 290: 269: 264: 149: 139:Ryukyuan people 71: 46: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6461: 6459: 6451: 6450: 6440: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6422: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6341: 6334: 6327: 6320: 6313: 6306: 6299: 6294: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6269: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6219: 6217: 6216:Signal devices 6213: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6202: 6195: 6188: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6120: 6118: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6049: 6042: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6013: 6011: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 5996: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5950: 5947:Kyoketsu-shoge 5943: 5936: 5929: 5922: 5914: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5848: 5840: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5809: 5802: 5795: 5788: 5781: 5773: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5714: 5710: 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3889:"戦時衣生活簡素化実施要綱" 3879: 3870: 3841: 3829: 3819:(1988), p. 1. 3804: 3798:978-0198725220 3797: 3779: 3774:Sengoku Daimyo 3760: 3745: 3712: 3692: 3677: 3654: 3649:Sengoku Daimyo 3630: 3601: 3581: 3575:978-0525245742 3574: 3556: 3549: 3531: 3516: 3496: 3480: 3473: 3442: 3420: 3382: 3344: 3325: 3233: 3209: 3183: 3161: 3130: 3097: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3062: 3052: 3042: 3032: 3022: 3015: 3012: 2993:("princess"). 2931:Main article: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2902:Yohji Yamamoto 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2852: 2845: 2777: 2770: 2715:Main article: 2712: 2705: 2691:for women are 2601: 2598: 2581: 2578: 2462: 2459: 2427: 2426: 2407: 2396: 2377: 2352: 2341: 2324: 2323:Women's kimono 2321: 2229:Main article: 2226: 2223: 2215: 2212: 2200: 2197: 2146: 2143: 2045: 2042: 1910: 1907: 1865:westernization 1813: 1812: 1792:Horiai Setsuko 1789: 1782: 1780: 1763: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1734:Main article: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1590: 1587: 1561:Sengoku period 1527: 1526: 1503: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1475: 1474: 1459: 1452: 1450: 1435: 1428: 1426: 1416:Empress Shoshi 1414: 1407: 1405: 1395:Ten Rasetsunyo 1389: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1339: 1332: 1330: 1314: 1307: 1305: 1290: 1283: 1281: 1244: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1125: 1122: 965: 964: 956: 949: 947: 939: 932: 929: 928: 927: 920: 918: 917: 914: 907: 905: 902: 895: 893: 890: 883: 881: 856: 849: 847: 841: 834: 831: 830: 829: 827: 824: 701: 700: 671: 664: 662: 659: 652: 650: 641: 634: 632: 608: 601: 599: 588: 581: 578: 577: 576: 575: 573: 570: 558:Shōsōin Temple 488: 487: 484: 477: 475: 470: 463: 461: 458: 451: 449: 442: 440: 430: 423: 421: 414: 412: 405: 398: 396: 386: 379: 377: 375:Reconstruction 374: 367: 365: 355: 348: 346: 335: 328: 325: 324: 323: 321: 318: 268: 265: 263: 260: 252:"geisha girls" 239:representation 193:Yohji Yamamoto 176:Ryukyu Islands 131:(known as the 95:, silhouettes 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6460: 6449: 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The 1551: 1545: 1539: 1538: 1516: 1515: 1508: 1500: 1495: 1486: 1481: 1472:do not match. 1470: 1464: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1440: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1386: 1381: 1372: 1361: 1355: 1346: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1325: 1318: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1295: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1272: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1251: 1250: 1241: 1236: 1230: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1202: 1197: 1183: 1177: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1141: 1135: 1131: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1114: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1062: 1056: 1051: 1038: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1010: 1009: 993: 987: 986: 980: 975: 960: 953: 948: 943: 936: 931: 923: 922:More pictures 911: 906: 899: 894: 887: 882: 877: 876: 869: 863: 862: 853: 848: 845: 838: 833: 825: 823: 821: 820:Emperor Tenmu 816: 815: 808: 802: 796: 790: 784: 686 CE 778: 773: 770: 764: 758: 752: 746: 740: 734: 729: 728:Empress Suiko 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 696: 690: 689: 682: 676: 668: 663: 656: 651: 646: 638: 633: 628: 686 CE 622: 617: 612: 605: 600: 596: 595:Empress Suiko 592: 585: 580: 571: 569: 566: 565: 559: 554: 553: 547: 542: 538: 534: 531: 530: 523: 518: 512: 509: 503: 502: 496: 481: 476: 473: 467: 462: 455: 450: 446: 441: 436: 435: 427: 422: 418: 413: 409: 402: 397: 392: 391: 383: 378: 371: 366: 361: 360: 352: 347: 343: 341: 332: 327: 319: 317: 315: 311: 307: 306: 298: 297: 287: 282: 273: 266: 261: 259: 257: 253: 249: 244: 240: 235: 233: 228: 227: 221: 216: 215: 209: 204: 202: 198: 194: 190: 185: 179: 177: 172: 171: 164: 163: 147: 146: 140: 135: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 89: 84: 83: 70: 66: 59: 58: 45: 41: 32: 19: 6357: 6350: 6343: 6336: 6329: 6322: 6315: 6308: 6301: 6289: 6271: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6231:Hata-jirushi 6229: 6222: 6204: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6144: 6137: 6130: 6123: 6102: 6095: 6088: 6081: 6074: 6067: 6044: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5952: 5945: 5940:Kusari-fundo 5938: 5931: 5924: 5917: 5899: 5892: 5885: 5878: 5871: 5864: 5857: 5850: 5843: 5825: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5783: 5776: 5768: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5680: 5673: 5666: 5659: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5624: 5595: 5588: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5542: 5535: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5507: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5468: 5461: 5454: 5447: 5425: 5403: 5392:Construction 5380: 5373: 5366: 5359: 5352: 5345: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5303: 5296: 4585:Tsunokakushi 4264: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4179: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4140: 4136: 4133:Orientations 4132: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4106: 4095:. 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The 2218:See also: 2135:de rigueur 1954:movement. 1800:. Women's 1790:Family of 1617:Edo period 1448:, matching 1105:bast fiber 1103:(domestic 121:Edo period 6359:Yamabushi 6266:Sashimono 6245:Kabura-ya 6076:Makibishi 6063:Artillery 5972:Hachiwari 5919:Chigiriki 5785:Hachimaki 5682:Men-yoroi 5597:Tanren bō 5502:Kama-yari 5495:Hoko yari 5382:Wakizashi 5099:1945–1960 5094:1930–1945 5056:Edwardian 5014:Victorian 4986:1795–1820 4981:1775–1795 4976:1750–1775 4971:1700–1750 4966:1650–1700 4961:1600–1650 4956:1550–1600 4951:1500–1550 4930:Tocharian 4855:Byzantine 4652:Jika-tabi 4513:Hachimaki 4371:Jūnihitoe 3963:Ethnology 2887:Designers 2600:Materials 2495:koshihimo 2489:koshihimo 2483:nagajuban 2421:edo komon 2391:tsukesage 2163:nihongami 2156:katsuyama 2002:trousseau 1897:nihongami 1855:東京婦人子供服組合 1354:nu-bakama 1345:Sashinuki 1249:jūnihitoe 1198:. 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1083:Tōdai-ji 1055:tarikubi 1022:tarikubi 942:Tarikubi 713:Buddhism 678:, white 611:Goguryeo 296:Wajinden 6432:Fashion 6406:Portals 6331:Samurai 6238:Horagai 6192:Ōtsuchi 6139:Ōdzutsu 6132:Bo-hiya 6046:Yubi-bo 5926:Kubotan 5820:Uwa-obi 5806:Shitagi 5735:Laminar 5689:Ō-yoroi 5640:Dō-maru 5583:Shinken 5537:Tsukubō 5488:Bisento 5375:Tsurugi 5340:Ninjatō 5326:Kodachi 5298:Chokutō 4925:Ottoman 4889:Europe 4885:English 4770:Ancient 4679:Uwabaki 4614:Uwa-obi 4567:Tenugui 4558:Shaguma 4522:Kanmuri 4457:Sokutai 4448:Shitagi 4412:Mawashi 4380:Keikogi 4290:Chihaya 4211:, EBSCO 4163:, EBSCO 4139:, EBSCO 4118:, EBSCO 3319:, EBSCO 3227:, EBSCO 3203:, EBSCO 3154:10 July 3123:10 July 3091:, EBSCO 2995:Kogyaru 2977:or the 2975:Shibuya 2735:at the 2660:Tanmono 2653:tanmono 2608:Formal 2580:Seasons 2537:ikebana 2471:kitsuke 2402:iromuji 2159:-style 2111:kitsuke 2069:kitsuke 2055:kitsuke 2037:kitsuke 2031:kitsuke 2013:kitsuke 1985:hōmongi 1821:mauvine 1712:tanmono 1680:shibori 1621:Genroku 1360:agekubi 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