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scale in Italy by L. P. Paganini since 1880 and in Canada by E. Deville since 1889. S. Finsterwalder has been doing aerial photogrammetry from balloons since 1890. C. Pulfrich has been using stereoscopy since 1890. A. Laussedat has collected material on the history of photographic methods and equipment."
751:
Brunner, K., 2006. Karten dokumentieren den RĂĽckzug der
Gletscher seit 1850. In: K. Kriz, W. Cartwright, A. Pucher and M. Kinberger (eds), Kartographie als Kommunikationsmedium. Wiener Schriften zur Geographie und Kartographie, 17, Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung, Universität Wien, pp.
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Photogrammetry – the art of making measurements using images – is the task of determining an object or its dimensions using photographs. Preliminary work on this problem was done by
Lambert in what he referred to as "inverting the perspective" and by Beautemps-Beaupre (1791-1793). In surveying these
547:
of flow velocity with high value in climate research, with repeat surveys undertaken by
Wolfgang Pillewizer in 1938, 1939, and 1953 using photogrammetry, and which is still ongoing, employing modern satellite-based positioning techniques. His son Richard assisted in the mapping project in the Ă–tztal
702:
Finsterwalder remarked in 1890 that in Italy, thousands of square kilometres of alpine territory had already been photographically surveyed—with hardly anyone taking notice in
Germany. What astonished Finsterwalder most was the skill with which the topographers of the I.G.M. transformed the photos
330:
A keen mountaineer, Finsterwalder became interested, through the influence of his friend E. Richter, in alpine fossils as indicators of the geology and structure of the Alps and their glaciers. His desire for accurate, but also less costly, motion measurements on glaciers led him to glaciological
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began developing instruments for photogrammetry. A. Meydenbauer brought architectural photogrammetry to high level. W. Jordan17 and C. Koppe approached the problem from the standpoint of geodesy, and G. Hauck approached it from a theoretical point of view. Photogrammetry was practiced on a large
1057:
Hausmann, H, Krainer, K., BrĂĽckl, E. and
Mostler, W.(2007). Creep of Two Alpine Rock Glaciers – Observation and Modelling (Ötztal- and Stubai Alps, Austria). In: V. Kaufmann & W. Sulzer (eds), Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on High Mountain Remote Sensing Cartography. Grazer
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he was applying to photogrammetry. His theory of large triangle meshes became known as the "Finsterwaldersche fields method" (1915). His analytical approach was laborious however, prompting development of analogue instrumentation with stereo measurement permitting faster optical/mechanical
33:
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in 1891, succeeding his teacher, A. Voss, at the
Department of Analytical Geometry, Differential and Integral Calculus (remaining at the university for forty years until 1931). The next year, he married, and completed the first recording of the Bavarian glacier in
1047:
Pillewizer, W. (1957). Untersuchungen an
Blockströmen der Ötztaler Alpen. In: E. Fels (ed), Geomorphologische Abhandlungen: Otto Maull zum 70. Geburtstage gewidmet. Abhandlungen des Geographischen Instituts der Freien Universität Berlin, 5, pp. 37–50: see Figure
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Pillewizer, W. (1957). Untersuchungen an
Blockströmen der Ötztaler Alpen. In: E. Fels (ed), Geomorphologische Abhandlungen: Otto Maull zum 70. Geburtstage gewidmet. Abhandlungen des Geographischen Instituts der Freien Universität Berlin, 5, pp.
675:
Terrestrial (ground-based or close-range) photogrammetry was one of the first successful methods for detecting and quantifying surface changes in rock glaciers. Flow velocity was a typical parameter derived from this. The 2D or even 3D
688:
influences flow/creep velocity of rock glaciers, which can thus be seen as indicators of environmental change in mountainous regions. Melting of the subsurface ice causes surface lowering, which in the worst case may lead to active
703:
into maps. Anyone with an interest in mapmaking "will absorb himself with greatest pleasure into the many details of this map and will never stop to admire the accuracy and fidelity with which everything is overheard from nature."
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Fischer, Andrea (2013) 'Long-term glacier monitoring at the LTER test sites
Hintereisferner, Kesselwandferner and Jamtalferner and other glaciers in Tyrol: a source of ancillary information for biological succession studies'. In
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as a temporal surveying instrument in measurement of the geology and structure of the Alps and their glacier flows. The measurement techniques he developed and the data he produced are still in use to discover evidence for
1071:
Seligman, G. (1949) Research on
Glacier Flow. An Historical Outline. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 31, Glaciers and Climate: Geophysical and Geomorphological Essays, Wiley / Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography
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Rinner, K. and Burkhardt, R. (eds), 1972. Gletscherphotogrammetrie. In: Handbuch der Vermessungskunde. Photogrammetrie, Band III a/2, in German, J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1428–1470.
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Finsterwalder, S. (1906) Photogrammetrie. In: Encyklopcidie der Mathematischen Wissenschaften mit Einschluft ihrer Anwendungen. Band VI, Teil1, Geodcisie und Geophysik. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner 1906-1925. pp.
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543:. In 1923 and 1924 Finsterwalder measured a flow velocity profile across Ă–lgruben rock glacier. Because of Finsterwalder's efforts, Ă–lgruben rock glacier became the subject of a notably extended,
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Finsterwalder, S. (1890) "Die Photogrammetrie in den italienischen Hochalpen," Mittheilungen des Deutschen und Österreichischen Alpenvereins, vol. 16, nº 1, 1890, pp. 6–9
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Leather Charles Steger : Astronomical and Physical Geodesy Volume 5 of the "Manual of Surveying" (ed. Jordan Eggert Kneissl, publishing JBMetzler, Stuttgart in 1969.
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Walther Welsch et al. evaluation of geodetic monitoring measurements. Manual of Engineering Geodesy (ed. M.Möser, H.Schlemmer et al.), Wichmann-Verlag Heidelberg, 2000.
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problem" (1869) can be used to solve the problem of 3D-reconstruction using point matches in two images; which is the mathematical foundation of photogrammetry.
259:(4 October 1862 – 4 December 1951) was a German mathematician and glaciologist. Acknowledged as the "father of glacier photogrammetry"; he pioneered the use of
463:(EMW) (tr. 'Encyclopedia of mathematical sciences including their applications'). The article, which he submitted in August 1902, more than a year before the
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Kaufmann, V. (2012) 'The evolution of rock glacier monitoring using terrestrial photogrammetry: the example of Ă„uĂźeres Hochebenkar rock glacier (Austria)'
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Keutterling, A. Thomas, A. (2006) Monitoring glacier elevation and volume changes with digital photogrammetry and GIS at Gepatschferner glacier, Austria
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Kaufmann, V. (2012) The evolution of rock glacier monitoring using terrestrial photogrammetry: the example of Ă„uĂźeres Hochebenkar rock glacier (Austria)
842:
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Finsterwalder, S.: Eine Grundaufgabe der Photogrammetrie und ihre Anwendung auf Ballonaufnahmen. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 2. Abt. 22, 225-260 (1903).
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in terms of the circulation round it. Kutta's habilitation thesis, completed in the same year, 1902, with which Finsterwalder assisted, contains the
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Finsterwalder pioneered geodetic surveys in the high mountains. At the age of 27 years he conducted a first glacier mapping project at
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and others, Finstenwalder advanced methods for reconstruction and measurements of three-dimensional objects from photographic images.
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commissioned Finsterwalder while the latter was professor of mathematics at the Munich polytechnic, to write on aerodynamics for his
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Robert SAUER / Max KNEISSL: Sebastian Finsterwalder, in: Jahrbuch der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften fĂĽr 1952, S. 200-204.
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443:'s stereocomparator (1901) and Eduard Ritter von Orel's stereoautograph (1907), both instruments built by the company Carl Zeiss.
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Bavarian glaciers in climate change - a status report. Bavarian State Ministry for Environment and Health, Munich, 2012, p 21
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is thus prescient in its insights into the mathematics behind this new field of engineering. Finsterwalder also worked with
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In 1911 he took over the chair of descriptive geometry, turning down offers of appointment from Vienna, Berlin and Potsdam.
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In 1886, aged 24, he received his doctorate from the University of TĂĽbingen, under the guidance of the algebraic geometer
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Schriften der Geographie und Raumforschung, 43, Institute of Geography and Regional Science, University of Graz, 145-150.
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that he had developed for high-mountain applications. The device was based on the prototype phototheodolite developed by
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Kaiser, T. (2014). Implications of changing climate on Zugspitze glaciers in southern Germany. 12th issue• August 2014.
431:
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M. KneiĂźl, S. F. z. 80. Geburtstag, in: Bildmessung u. Luftbildwesen 17, 1942, S. 53-64 ( vollst. W- Verz., 123 Nr. )
969:
Konecny, G. (2002) Geoinformation: Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry and Geographic Information Systems. CRC Press. p. 9
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Finsterwalder, S. (1897) Die geometrischen Grundlagen der Photogrammetrie. Jahresber deutsch Math-Verein. 6 (2), 1-41
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323:(1899-1963), Professor at the Technical University in Hanover and Munich, and Ulrich Finsterwalder (1897-1988), a
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Konecny, G. (2014). Geoinformation: remote sensing, photogrammetry and geographic information systems. CRC Press.
86:
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reconstruction of the photographic data arrays to determine object points. This was assisted by new technology;
991:
Finsterwalder, S., (1928) Geleitworte zur Karte des Gepatschferners. Zeitschrift fĂĽr Gletscherkunde, 16, 20-41.
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Finsterwalder, S., (1928) Geleitworte zur Karte des Gepatschferners. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde, 16, 20–41.
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Finsterwalder, S., (1928) Geleitworte zur Karte des Gepatschferners. Zeitschrift fĂĽr Gletscherkunde, 16, 20-41
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photogrammetry in addition to a conventional geodetic survey, assisted by the novel lightweight, accurate
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in 1899 from a pair of balloon photographs using mathematical calculations of many points in the images.
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Kneissl, M. (1942) Sebastian Finsterwalder zum 80. Geburtstag. Bildmessung und Luftbildwesen. 11, 53-64.
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models. In recent years, active rock glaciers have also become the focus of climate change research.
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Finsterwalder, S., Muret, E., (1903). Les variations périodiques des glaciers. VIIIme Rapport, 1902.
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ders., in: Geist u. Gestalt, Biogr. Btrr. z. Gesch. d. Bayer. Ak. d. Wiss...II, 1959, S. 65-69 ( L )
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Finsterwalder, S., Muret, E., (1902). Les variations périodiques des glaciers. VIIme Rapport, 1901.
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Finsterwalder, Sebastian Mathematiker, * 4.10.1862 Rosenheim/Inn, †4.12.1951 München. (katholisch)
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Finsterwalder, S., Muret, E., (1901). Les variations périodiques des glaciers. VIme Rapport, 1900.
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Richard Finsterwalder (1899-1963), Professor at the Technical University in Hanover and Munich,
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In 1922 Finsterwalder mapped the topography of the Ă–tztal Alps focusing on two glaciers, i.e.
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O. v. Gruber, in: S. F. z. 75. Geburtstag, Festschr. d. Dt. Ges. f. Photogrammetrie, 1937;
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Walther HOFMANN: Sebastian Finsterwalder, in: Neue Deutsche Biographie Bd. 5, S. 166-167.
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the Iceman' was found; a well-preserved natural mummy of a man who lived about 3,300 BCE.
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R. Rehlen, H. HeĂź u. M. Lagally, in: Zs. f. Gletscherkde. 20, 1932, S. IX-XXI ( P )
894:. Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂĽr Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung und Geoinformatione.V.,
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419:(1834-1921) for architectural applications. From 1890 Finsterwalder also employed
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Deutsche Gesellschaft fĂĽr Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung und Geoinformatione.V.,
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100 Years German Society for Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, and Geoinformation.
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1038:
Volume 6, Issue 3-4, December 2013, pages 537-547 Published online: 27 Sep 2013
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100 Years German Society for Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, and Geoinformation
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1965 Finsterwalder High School in his birthplace Rosenheim was named after him.
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Enzyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften mit Einschluss ihrer Anwendungen
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982:(1884–1923) a German optician who spent most of his career at Carl Zeiss.
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Pogg. IV-VII a. – Slg. math. Modelle v. F. im Math. Inst. d. TH München.
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methods were first tested by A. Laussedat (1852-59). Starting in 1855
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Finsterwalder, S., (1928) Geleitworte zur Karte des Gepatschferners.
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Richard Finsterwalder, in: SB d. Bayer. Ak. d. Wiss., 1953, S. 257;
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1943 awarded Helmert commemorative medallion for excellence by the
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activity and even a total collapse of the rock glacier surface.
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G. ClauĂź, in: Zs. f. Vermessungswesen, 1932, S. 721-26 ( P );
280:, son of Johann Nepomuk Finsterwalder, a master baker from
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ders., in: Zs. f. Vermessungswesen 77, 1952, S. 1-3 ( P )
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Extrait des Archives des Sciences physiques et naturelles
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Extrait des Archives des Sciences physiques et naturelles
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Extrait des Archives des Sciences physiques et naturelles
304:. In 1892 he married Franziska Mallepell (d. 1953) from
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Helmert commemorative medallion for excellence by the
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undertook precise gravity measurements with relative
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Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich
276:Sebastian Finsterwalder was born 4 October 1862 in
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Ulrich Finsterwalder (1897-1988), a civil engineer.
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586:1915 President of the German Mathematical Society.
548:Alps and went on to advance his father's studies.
1109:G. Faber, ebd., S. 34 f. ( P ebd. III, S. 183);
423:, reconstituting the topography of the area of
16:Bavarian mathematician and surveyor (1862–1951)
558:Bavarian International Commission for Geodesy
8:
373:Following the 1878 work of Italian engineer
1004:Ă–stliche Krummgampenspitze 3090 m 10135 ft.
532:rock glacier and the rock glacier north of
369:Research and applications of photogrammetry
312:. Their two sons worked in similar fields;
680:of the rock glacier surface is needed for
434:, and he described some of the results of
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1079:Volume 105/2 Vienna 2012 pp. 63–77
812:International Journal of Remote Sensing
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978:Finsterwalder was doctoral advisor to
727:These Alps are the location in which '
1201:Mathematicians from the German Empire
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840:Führung durch „Rosenheim wird Stadt“
430:In 1897 Finsterwalder addressed the
1196:People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
1151:20th-century German mathematicians
1146:19th-century German mathematicians
1077:Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences
799:Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences
384:He was appointed professor at the
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801:Volume 105/2 Vienna 2012 pp. 63–7
521:. During this work he discovered
591:German Association of Surveying
491:Glacier flow in the Ă–tztal Alps
169:German Association of Surveying
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110:Finsterwaldersche fields method
825:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Gletscherkunde
386:Technical University of Munich
346:. Finsterwalder observed that
223:Technical University of Munich
1:
1036:Plant Ecology & Diversity
115:Froude–Finsterwalder equation
400:He applied the technique of
379:Istituto Geografico Militare
432:German Mathematical Society
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1186:Photographers from Bavaria
556:Under his leadership the
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181:
30:
1156:Climate change in Europe
1181:German geomorphologists
481:Kutta-Joukowski theorem
257:Sebastian Finsterwalder
25:Sebastian Finsterwalder
814:Vol. 27, Iss. 19, 2006
87:University of TĂĽbingen
1161:German climatologists
1141:People from Rosenheim
845:23 April 2021 at the
638:108/4 (15), 661– 677.
631:107/4 (14), 282– 302.
624:106/4 (12), 118– 131.
581:Finsterwalder Glacier
314:Richard Finsterwalder
296:). He was a Bavarian
1166:German glaciologists
1066:Literature and links
890:Albertz, J. (2010).
607:was named after him.
519:stereophotogrammetry
410:Albrecht Meydenbauer
350:'s analysis of the "
1191:German topographers
911:Albertz, J., 2010.
863:Deutsche Biographie
583:is named after him.
552:Other contributions
436:projective geometry
344:Alexander von Brill
235:Alexander von Brill
129:Franziska Mallepell
545:longitudinal study
421:aerial photography
395:Berchtesgaden Alps
391:Wettersteingebirge
261:repeat photography
58:Kingdom of Bavaria
1176:Photogrammetrists
1171:German ecologists
921:978-3-00-031038-6
900:978-3-00-031038-6
605:1482 (Sebastiana)
534:Krummgampenspitze
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245:Hans Jörg Stetter
241:Doctoral students
183:Scientific career
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70:(1951-12-04)
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1136:1951 deaths
1126:1862 births
1001:(in German)
858:(in German)
837:(in German)
682:rheological
652:Plane table
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564:throughout
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402:plane table
365:, Austria.
363:Ă–tztal Alps
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310:South Tyrol
193:Mathematics
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1120:Categories
739:References
678:kinematics
352:homography
205:topography
46:1862-10-04
923:, 144 pp.
902:, 144 pp.
691:landslide
467:achieved
278:Rosenheim
201:surveying
54:Rosenheim
933:98–116.]
843:Archived
752:191–200.
715:I. Porro
646:See also
523:Ă–lgruben
517:, using
477:aerofoil
393:and the
302:surveyor
286:Weilheim
197:geometry
147:Children
572:Honours
566:Bavaria
465:Wrights
377:of the
361:in the
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282:Antdorf
213:geology
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1024:37–50.
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917:ISBN
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