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needed to navigate court life and to succeed in court positions. Skills included, but were by no means limited to, handwriting and calligraphy, and were mainly an education requirement for male children; however, the education of girls was important as well. The ultimate goal of children, whether they were male or female, was to successfully carry on their family's tradition and reputation. Proper education for girls was tied to successful or advantageous marriage, or their future ability to maintain a wealthy patron within the court.
268:
changes in the legal status of young people. For example, adult status becomes effective on the 18th birthday, with some exceptions; both men and women can marry and are released from parental authority. At the same time, they are released from the various family and social restrictions imposed on minors. As adults, they become eligible for contracting on their own. As before, drinking and smoking are allowed at age 20, and the right to vote and to obtain a driver's license for passenger vehicles begins at age 18 (16 for motorcycles).
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defeat, Shojiro
Takahashi, then the leader of the Youth League of Warabi Town (later the mayor of Warabi City), hosted a youth festival in order to give hope and encouragement to the young people who would bear Japan's future. The festival was held in a tent on the school grounds of Warabi First Elementary School (currently North Warabi Elementary School), which included the Adulthood Ceremony. This ceremony spread throughout the country and became the present Coming of Age Ceremony.
959:(days to honor one's ancestors), or January 1–3. For example, in Niigata prefecture in 2017, no city held it on the Coming of Age Day (January 8); two were on January 7, and all others were during March, April, May, or August. It is because these areas have high snowfall, and many young people are out of town and do not come back until Golden Week or Obon. Many ceremonies were canceled or postponed in 1989 due to the death of the Emperor, and in 2020 due to the Corona pandemic.
731:, youths were expected to do adult labor, and samurai-class men acquired full warrior status and were expected to fight in open battle. In addition, youths gained the right to marry, and to officiate at shrine ceremonies. The ceremony acted to bind youth to the previously mentioned high status warrior. Often this practice was used to confirm and solidify the social status of samurai families. For example, a samurai family of lower status might, through the ceremony of
826:
for the fifth year in a row, with a total of 1.22 million adults celebrating the holiday in 2012 – under half of the participants seen at its peak in 1976, when 2.76 million adults attended ceremonies. This was the first time it has declined below the 50% threshold. Japan lowered the age of adulthood in 2018 from 20 years of age to 18 which took effect in 2022. This change has caused confusion on the status of the holiday, and raised concerns among the
968:
years ago), until
January 14, 1981 (18 years ago). However, recently (especially since the introduction of the Happy Monday System), the school-age system has become more common. In the Japanese school system, a grade consists of students born between April 2 of a year and April 1 of the subsequent year. Today, those who legally become adults between April of the previous year and March of the current year are eligible to participate in the ceremony.
762:, solidifying societal acknowledgement of full adult warrior status. As the long peace continued, the appropriate age to transition from child to adult was lowered in response to dynastic pressures to marry and produce heirs. Boys could not marry until they came of age, so the "adolescent phase" vanished. By the 1700s the average coming of age of samurai-class boys was at 15 to 17, and in the early to mid-1800s it dropped to an average of 13 to 15.
42:
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readiness for marriage or war. As a result of the new meanings tied to the ceremony and work, the once solid transitions between childhood and adulthood were lost within the artisan and merchant classes. Adulthood was put off in order that youth could acquire more or new skills related to their future occupations, resulting in the re-emergence of a period resembling adolescence.
1931:
863:
680:"loosened the childhood coiffure, cut the ends of the hair, bound the head with a fillet, and otherwise prepared the boy to receive the cap". After the capping, the child retreated to a private room to exchange his ungendered wide-sleeved childhood robes for adult male robes. The transition from child to adult was complete, and feasting followed closely thereafter.
359:(710–794 AD). This ceremony marked the transition from child to adult status and the assumption of adult responsibilities. The age of participation varied throughout history and depended on factors such as sex, political climate, and social status. Most participants were aristocratic children between the ages of 10 and 20, and most descriptions of
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school students, minors, and new adults answered that attractions such as concerts by singers were necessary, half of them also answered that introductions of guests such as mayors and politicians were unnecessary. The
Yokohama City’s proposal determines that such components make the Ceremony lengthy and impoverish the content.
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by themselves due to the intricacies involved, many choose to visit a beauty salon to dress and to set their hair. A full set of formal clothing is expensive, so it is usually either borrowed from a relative or rented rather than bought especially for the occasion. Men sometimes also wear traditional
804:
Inspired by Warabi’s youth festival, the
Japanese government promulgated and enacted the National Holidays Law in 1948, to be held every year on January 15. The official holiday aimed "to realise the passage from youth to adulthood, and to celebrate and encourage young people embarking on their adult
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was used as a way of acknowledging an entrance into occupational roles, often in the form of apprenticeship. Boys of farming families and the artisan class came of age at 15 to 17, an age that had more to do with their ability to do adult work and take on adult social responsibilities than with their
679:
s residence. When the ceremony was held for an
Emperor or Crown prince, the current Emperor would sometimes cap the initiate within the Shishinden. The capping parent was joined by another important ceremonial participant, either the Nokan (if an Emperor was undergoing the ceremony) or a Rihatsu, who
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In this survey, 82.7% of high school students and minors said that they wanted to participate in the
Ceremony, while 17.2% said they did not. Among high school students and minors, the most common reason for not participating was “not interested in the content,” at 36.8%. While more than 50% of high
1004:
such as technical intern trainees and international students, has also been increasing. In 2020, Shiogama City, Miyagi
Prefecture sent out invitations in Indonesian, Vietnamese, English, and Easy Japanese. The city had 30 foreign-born participants in 2019, about 6% of the total participating adults.
991:
Due to the Happy Monday system, there were some people who were still 19 years old at the Coming of Age
Ceremony for the year, but they would become 21 years old at the Ceremony of the following year. For example, as shown in the January 2001 calendar, a person born on the second Monday, January 12,
900:
During the ceremony, guest speakers give lectures, and commemorative gifts are presented. It is not sponsored by the
Japanese government but by each municipality independently. Therefore, although the school-age system, which determines the eligibility for participation, is the same everywhere, some
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mark one's ending of coming of age (age of maturity), which reflects both the expanded rights but also increased responsibilities expected of new adults. The ceremonies are generally held in the morning at local city offices throughout Japan. All young adults who turned or will turn 18 between April
363:
focus on the male ceremony rather than the female ceremony due to the exclusion of women from politically important court positions and warrior status. Important changes in clothing and hairstyle typically denoted this transition, for both men and women. Youth and children were often synonymous, and
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According to the public opinion survey conducted by the
Yokohama City Board of Education in March 2004, among minors, new adults, and people in their 20s, approximately 20% to 30% viewed the Coming of Age Ceremony as an event like a reunion where friends meet again. Furthermore, 20% of the women in
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Until the 1960s, more than half of the new adults were working youths who had already entered society. However, since the 1970s, the number of students entering universities and vocational schools has increased, while the number of junior high school and high school graduates finding employment has
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in 2002, when drunken Japanese youths tried to disrupt the festivities) and a general increase in the number of 20-year-olds who do not feel themselves to be adults have led to decreased attendance of the ceremonies, which has caused some concern among older Japanese. In 2012, the decline continued
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The Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications estimated the population of new adults in January 2020 to be 1.22 million. Its percentage in comparison to the total population had been below 1% for 10 consecutive years. The participation of people from other countries,
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Initially, eligible people to participate in the Coming of Age Ceremony were those with birthdays between the day after the Coming of Age Day of the previous year and that of the current year. So for the Ceremony held on January 15, 1999, participants must have been born after January 15, 1980 (19
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In 2018, Harenohi, a company that sells furisode (long-sleeved kimono) in Yokohama and other cities, abruptly shut down its business on January 8, the Coming of Age Ceremony day. This incident caused an uproar because those who had made reservations to purchase or rent a furisode from the company
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In Warabi City, it is still called the Adulthood Ceremony. On the Coming of Age Day in 1979, the city erected a monument to mark the birthplace of the Coming of Age Ceremony in Warabi Castle Site Park and commemorated the 20th anniversary of the promotion to a city and the 30th anniversary of the
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Today’s form of the Japanese Coming of Age Ceremony has roots from the Youth Festival held in Warabi Town (currently Warabi City), Kitaadachi County, Saitama Prefecture on November 22, 1946, shortly after Japan’s defeat in World War II. At the time, when Japan was in a state of despair due to the
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began between ages three and four, usually under the supervision of a wet nurse and perhaps her husband. Children of these ages were taught about key court ceremonies, Buddhist doctrine, and proper ethics. At the age of seven they moved on to more formal learning, specifically studying the skills
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The Ceremony is also a good opportunity for the beauty industry, which dresses, makes up, and hairdos for the attendees. They host makeup workshops for those who begin wearing makeup earnestly and sell cosmetic products. Even photo studios, where attendees take commemorative pictures after being
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On June 13, 2018, the age of maturity was lowered for the first time since it was established. According to the new law, which came into force in 2022, a citizen is considered an adult with the onset of full 18 years. Note that Coming of Age Day and the ceremony itself are not directly linked to
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In 1949, January 15 was designated as the Coming of Age Day to congratulate and exhort young people to become adults and live independently. Since then, the Coming of Age Ceremony has been held on this day in most regions of Japan. Later, with the 1998 revision of the National Holidays Law, the
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Additionally, in Sapporo City, Hokkaido and Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Prefecture, the calendar year system was used in which those who reached their 20th birthday between January 1 and December 31 of the past year were eligible to participate in the Coming of Age Ceremony. This system has been
971:
This new practice caused a problem. If the eligibility for the Coming of Age Ceremony is based on the school age, those born after the Coming of Age Day and before April 2 must attend the Ceremony a year later than their peers. Consequently, they can find fewer friends to celebrate with at the
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In recent years, fewer Japanese people have worn kimonos. Since many participants wear expensive kimonos for the Ceremony, the kimono industry promote kimonos. However, because kimonos are so expensive, many participants end up renting them or using those handed down from their mothers.
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municipalities hold the event on days other than the Coming of Age Day. The age of adulthood was lowered from 20 to 18 on April 1, 2022. However, some municipalities continue to set the age eligible for participating in the ceremony at 20, while others have lowered it to 18.
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because it makes a long weekend (Saturday – Monday). In addition, according to a survey conducted around 2018, Nagoya City and Morotsuka Village in the Higashiusuki District, Miyazaki Prefecture also claim to be the birthplace of the Coming of Age Ceremony.
653:, a variety of preparations were made for the upcoming ceremony. The child had to acquire a "capping parent", usually a person of influence, who would help the child don the ritual clothing of adulthood, most significantly a ceremonial court hat (
556:
depended largely upon both which historical time period the ceremony took place in and the kind of government that was in place at the time. Specific ceremonial formats are built around specific constructions of class, rank, and time period.
992:
1981 was still 19 years old on the Coming of Age Day (January 8, 2001), but the same person became 21 years old on the Day in 2002. The same problem occurred for those born between January 10–13 in 1992 and January 9–13 in 1998.
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The ceremony is commonly held on the Coming of Age Day, but there are regional variations. Some municipalities hold it during Golden Week (a week from late April to early May when Japanese holidays follow one after another),
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based on a number of factors, including the arrival of a suitable opportunity, the child's readiness for court service, the presence of one or more influential court backers, and the parents' ability to finance the ceremony.
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were often seen as youthful mediums and were some of the primary performers of ritual exorcisms. In addition, clothing and attire of childhood were ungendered and it was not uncommon for male children to wear makeup often as
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their 20s or younger responded that the Ceremony is an event where new adults meet in formal suits and festive clothes. This result suggests that the event’s purpose and the target group’s expectations are divergent.
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in Japan dates back to the Nara period (710–794 AD), and the ceremony itself is based on an earlier Chinese custom in the Tang dynasty. Beyond the Nara, the ceremony flourished throughout the aristocratic
1056:
is a ceremony held in school for students who have turned 15 years of age; literally "establishing aspirations ceremony," in which children stand in front of the school and declare their goals for the future.
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and adult status were accompanied by marriage eligibility, gendering, a removal from the male "erotic gaze" within court, the abandon of makeup use for males, and the opportunity to obtain court rank.
699:
coming-of-age ceremonies traditionally blackened their teeth, shaved their eyebrows, and applied makeup. In addition, their long unbound hair was tied on top of their head in an adult hairstyle.
727:
throughout this time period was the placing of a samurai helmet, rather than court cap, by a high status warrior. Adult samurai received their swords and armor at this time. After going through
187:
695:. For women, as for men, the ceremony revolved around the presentation of adult clothing; however, women were presented with a pleated skirt, not a court cap. Girls participating in
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roughly with modern Japanese and Western ages 14, 15, 16, etc. The average age of genpuku was therefore 15 to 18 in premodern Japanese reckoning, and 14 to 17 in modern reckoning.
754:
until their sons were full-grown, at around 20 years old. However, as the country became more peaceful, a transition period resembling adolescence emerged. Young boys underwent
750:
depended upon whether there was unrest. Full-fledged warriors were expected to take part in battle, so during the unsettled first years of the Tokugawa period, parents delayed
599:(794–1185 AD), the last classical period in which Japan was governed by an aristocratic court. Children during Heian were not recognized as officially gendered before
1919:
668:(dignitary) or at the Shishinden (Kyoto Imperial Palace). When the capping ceremony was held for the son of a Counselor or Consultant, the capping parent was most often a
569:
in order to assume adult status and responsibilities, the role of the aristocratic child was to prepare for adult life. For both male and female children, studies in the
492:, an important ritual affecting life course in which a child exchanged his childhood status for an adult status, and continues from the Nara (710–794 AD) into the
496:(1603–1868). The ceremony was usually backed by an older society member of political importance, and included the exchange of a childhood name for a new adult name
1712:
1891:
1349:
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was undergone by both males and females, but was differentiated by ceremonial dress, with men receiving signifying headgear such as a ceremonial court cap
657:). Both the capping parent and the biological parents made preparations for the ceremony, but the capping parent was more active in making arrangements.
1515:
715:
In 1185 AD the aristocratic court government of classical Japan was forced to coexist with a warrior-administration, ushering in the Age of the
735:, become tied to a higher status family. The lower status son would then act as a retainer to the higher status warrior to whom he was tied. After
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1912:
1535:
1499:[Did the Coming of Aage Ceremony originate in Nagoya, prior to the common theory of Warabi, Saitama?]. January 16, 2018. Archived from
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in the area are invited to attend. Government officials give speeches, and small presents are handed out to the newly recognized adults.
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The ceremony often takes place in the city hall or school's gyms. There are some special cases such as the ceremony having been held at
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1905:
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315:(tying the hair up) for girls. Cultural anthropology and folklore studies treat such ceremonies as rites of passage (initiations).
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1961:
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decreased. Consequently, the ratio of students (rather than working youth) to all new adults has been increasing year by year.
633:, a 12-layered formal court dress worn by women during the Heian period, during a demonstration of traditional Japanese culture
603:, and were said to have remained near the gods as "children of the kami". As children of the gods, those who had not undergone
1076:
1755:[The number of new adults in Japan fell by 30,000 to 1.22 million, with 10.62 million born in the year of the rat].
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and trained to be warriors under an older warrior, but did not engage in war. War acted as a sort of consummation following
1802:[High quality kimonos handed down from mothers: Popular among new adults, arranging them with unique accessaries].
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ceremony itself almost always took place in the evening on a predetermined "auspicious day", either at the residence of a
2082:
1481:
2077:
641:. The ceremony was generally a precursor to obtaining court cap and rank. Parents chose when to hold their children's
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between April 2 of the previous year and April 1 of the current year, and to help them realise that they have become
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1724:
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decorously dressed, will focus on advertising. Competition for customers has become zealous in related businesses.
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1991:
1981:
1966:
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During these periods, primarily male members of the aristocracy between the ages of seven and fifteen engaged in
2018:
1935:
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varied over time. For example, throughout the Tokugawa period (1603–1868), the age at which children underwent
86:
1784:[The Coming of Age Ceremony invitation letter in the native language to technical intern trainees].
939:. After the ceremony, the young adults often celebrate in groups by going to parties or going out drinking.
935:), but nowadays many men wear formal Western clothes such as a suit and tie more often than the traditional
219:
1289:
Rewriting Medieval Japanese Women: Politics, Personality, and Literary Production in the Life of Nun Abutsu
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gradually spread from the samurai class to include men and women of lower ranks. Within the less wealthy,
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1500:
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Young people, dressed up for Coming of Age Day, walk in front of a shrine just before twilight (video).
1477:"Japan Coming of Age Day 2015: Facts About Japanese Holiday Celebrating Young People [PHOTOS]"
1379:
2023:
2002:
1382:[Adulthood Ceremony in Warabi City, Saitama: the birthplace of the Coming of Age Ceremony.].
1545:
739:, warrior sons were accepted as full adults and welcomed to a career in the warrior-administration.
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1203:
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223:
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Coming of Age Day was moved to the second Monday of January in 2000. This amendment is called the
2028:
1971:
1829:
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A politician and court noble during the Heian period seen wearing traditional court cap and garb
1752:
512:, the adoption of adult hairstyles and clothing, and the assumption of adult responsibilities.
1950:
1946:
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1324:
1233:
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333:(coming-of-age ceremony) of a minister, with most of the celebrants represented by courtesans
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771:
226:. It is held in order to congratulate and encourage all those who have already reached the
1807:
1410:
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a period of adolescence was not often present throughout the periods in which traditional
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to signify their adulthood, so did the sons of warrior nobility. The central feature of
1995:
1165:[The origin and history of the Coming of Age Ceremony and its current state.].
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894:
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flourished. The etymology of the word, which is atypical, reflects the major points of
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1321:
A Tale of Flowering Fortunes: Annals of Japanese Aristocratic Life in the Heian Period
821:, coupled with disruptions to some ceremonies in recent years (such as an incident in
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as well, although the particular ceremonial rituals were more commonly referred to as
2071:
1832:[New adults cannot wear kimonos: Unable to contact the company in Yokohama].
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were unable to wear it, and some had to cancel their participation in the Ceremony.
707:
2013:
1986:
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1976:
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1261:
Socialization for Achievement: Essays on the Cultural Psychology of the Japanese
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2008:
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when a young prince donned new robes and a hairstyle to mark his passage into
256:
1439:. Japan Echo Inc. in cooperation with the Foreign Press Center. p. 150.
1143:"Coming of Age Day, a big event for Japanese youths, is steeped in tradition"
1638:[When will the age for Coming of Age Ceremonies be lowered to 18?].
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862:
17:
1861:[The future of Coming of Age Day commemorative event (Proposal)]
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Rituals to celebrate adulthood have existed since ancient times, such as
1894:– Contains a description of genpuku during the aristocratic Heian period
1561:"Credit cards, but no sake: Japan lowers age of adulthood from 20 to 18"
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2 of the previous year and April 1 of the current one and who maintain
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Since aristocratic children between the ages of 10 and 20 took part in
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industry which profits from the garments worn during the ceremonies.
827:
489:
1867:
Yokohama City Coming of Age Day Commemorative Event Review Committee
1437:
Currents: 100 essential expressions for understanding changing Japan
1228:
The Dog Shogun: The Personality and Policies of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
1930:
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552:. The population, and members of the population, participating in
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1291:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 7–13, 52, 71.
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or samurai helmet and women receiving, instead, a pleated skirt
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Once it was deemed an appropriate time for a child to undergo
719:. Just as the sons of aristocracy underwent the ceremony of
259:
offices, as well as after-parties among family and friends.
96:
Congratulates and encourages all those who have reached the
100:(18 years old) over the past year and celebrates adulthood
1415:
Warabi City, the birthplace of the Coming of Age Ceremony
1536:"Record-low number of new adults mark Coming-of-Age Day"
222:
held annually on the second Monday of January under the
996:
switched to the school-age system since 2000, however.
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low birth rate and shrinking percentage of young people
853:
843:
1516:"Drunken Japanese youths ruin coming of age rituals"
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112:
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82:
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1141:Allen, David; Sumida, Chiyomi (January 9, 2004).
842:Men's and women's formal traditional dress; dark
1198:The Red Thread: Buddhist Approaches to Sexuality
1715:[2017 Coming of Age Ceremony schedule]
1323:. Stanford University Press. pp. 372–373.
1111:"18歳から"大人"に！成年年齢引下げで変わること、変わらないこと。 | 暮らしに役立つ情報"
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402:means "wearing". The ceremony is also known as
388:
373:
355:ceremony which dates back to Japan's classical
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209:
1263:. University of California Press. pp. 312-320.
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774:, a period set within the Age of the Samurai,
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46:Young women celebrating Coming of Age Day at
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614:. In the period between early childhood and
920:sandals. Since most are unable to put on a
283:since at least 714 CE, during the reign of
1920:
1906:
1898:
1088:In premodern Japan, ages 15, 16, 17, etc.
561:Child roles as preparation for adult roles
40:
31:
904:Many women celebrate this day by wearing
1663:A companion to the anthropology of Japan
1319:McCullough, William & Helen (1980).
1202:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. pp.
181:
1464:. Japan Institute of Labour. p. 3.
1102:
870:, the modern day equivalent of genpuku.
914:with long sleeves that hang down, and
711:Samurai in traditional helmet and garb
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488:was traditionally considered a major
307:(loincloth celebration) for boys and
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1834:Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
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796:establishment of Coming of Age Day.
1232:. Honolulu: U of Hawai'i. pp.
1224:Bodart-Bailey, Beatrice M. (2006).
672:and the ceremony took place at the
279:ceremonies have been celebrated in
1806:. January 12, 2020. Archived from
1661:Robertson, Jennifer Ellen (2005).
329:A late 18th-century parody of the
25:
1800:"高品質な「母親の振り袖」新成人に人気…個性豊か、小物で現代風に"
1544:. January 9, 2012. Archived from
1514:Joyce, Colin (January 15, 2002).
578:Nara and Heian periods (710–1192)
300:(changing to adult clothing) and
1929:
1723:. March 22, 2017. Archived from
1665:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 158.
1559:Justin McCurry (June 14, 2018).
1475:Glum, Julia (January 11, 2015).
1350:"Hitokuchi Memo - Coming-of-Age"
590:The earliest official record of
372:ceremonial format; in this case
1859:"これからの「成人の日」記念行事の あり方について (提言)"
1753:"新成人、3万人減の122万人 ねずみ年生まれは1062万人"
1462:Japan labor bulletin, Volume 39
1721:Niigata Prefectural Government
1588:[Adulthood ceremony].
1077:Secular coming-of-age ceremony
703:Age of the samurai (1185–1868)
1:
1636:"成人式の対象年齢が18歳に引き下げられるのはいつから？"
1830:"新成人 晴れ着を着られず混乱 横浜の会社と連絡取れず"
1482:International Business Times
766:Muromachi period (1338–1573)
1460:Kyōkai, Nihon Rōdō (2000).
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987:Coming of Age Ceremony 2002
979:Coming of Age Ceremony 2001
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1435:Araiso, Yoshiyuki (1988).
618:, boys were classified as
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1982:Constitution Memorial Day
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1497:"成人式は名古屋が発祥? 定説の埼玉・蕨に先駆け"
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2093:Public holidays in Japan
2019:Respect for the Aged Day
1936:Public holidays in Japan
874:Coming of age ceremonies
845:montsuki(?)-haori-hakama
236:coming of age ceremonies
108:Second Monday in January
1962:National Foundation Day
1786:Foreign Labor Newspaper
1259:De Vos, George (1973).
1194:Faure, Bernard (1998).
629:A young woman models a
220:public holiday in Japan
27:Public holiday in Japan
2103:Annual events in Japan
2039:Labor Thanksgiving Day
1967:The Emperor's Birthday
1590:Encyclopedia Nipponica
1163:"成人式の由来と歴史、現在の成人式について"
988:
980:
871:
859:
712:
634:
587:
334:
234:. Festivities include
195:
63:
1687:"令和4年度 浦安市成人式 二十歳の集い"
1380:"成人式発祥の地、埼玉・蕨市で「成年式」"
1360:on September 24, 2015
1071:Chinese coming-of age
986:
978:
865:
841:
710:
628:
585:
328:
193:
2024:Autumnal Equinox Day
2003:Okinawa Memorial Day
1757:Nihon Keizai Shimbun
1503:on January 16, 2018.
2083:January observances
2052:Golden Week (Japan)
1810:on January 13, 2020
1782:"技能実習生に母国語で成人式の案内状"
1759:. December 31, 2019
1730:on January 22, 2018
1548:on January 9, 2012.
1541:Mainichi Daily News
1521:The Daily Telegraph
811:Happy Monday System
742:The average age of
224:Happy Monday System
2078:Festivals in Japan
1972:Vernal Equinox Day
1788:. January 6, 2020.
989:
981:
872:
860:
713:
635:
588:
335:
311:(dressing up) and
255:held at local and
196:
2065:
2064:
1957:Coming of Age Day
1951:Japanese New Year
1892:The Tale of Genji
1836:. January 8, 2018
1672:978-0-631-22955-1
1642:. January 6, 2022
1615:elaws.e-gov.go.jp
1446:978-4-915226-03-8
1386:. January 8, 2018
1285:Laffin, Christina
1148:Stars and Stripes
925:dress (e.g. dark
800:The first holiday
787:Warabi Town, 1946
687:Girls engaged in
387:means "head" and
199:Coming of Age Day
191:
180:
179:
35:Coming of Age Day
16:(Redirected from
2110:
2098:Rites of passage
2088:Society of Japan
1934:
1933:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1899:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1869:. September 2004
1864:
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1713:"平成２９年度 成人式実施予定"
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1356:. Archived from
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1046:
944:Tokyo Disneyland
891:
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866:Women celebrate
857:
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772:Muromachi period
678:
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73:Observed by
68:
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494:Tokugawa period
483:
468:
453:
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393:
378:
342:
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274:
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251:
238:
228:age of maturity
214:
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149:
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119:
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98:age of maturity
60:
51:
28:
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5:
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2016:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1996:Tango no sekku
1992:Children's Day
1989:
1984:
1979:
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1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1947:New Year's Day
1943:
1940:
1939:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1886:External links
1884:
1881:
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1741:
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1678:
1671:
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1640:Gakusei Kyosan
1627:
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1354:www.jpf.org.au
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351:is a Japanese
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285:Empress Genmei
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158:2026 date
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143:2025 date
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128:2024 date
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113:2023 date
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1411:"成人式発祥の地のまち蕨"
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465:hatsu-motoyui
451:
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353:coming-of-age
341:
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277:Coming of age
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161:January 12
160:
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146:January 13
145:
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56:Official name
54:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2014:Mountain Day
1987:Greenery Day
1956:
1871:. Retrieved
1866:
1838:. Retrieved
1833:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1808:the original
1803:
1794:
1785:
1761:. Retrieved
1756:
1734:November 27,
1732:. Retrieved
1725:the original
1720:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1690:
1681:
1662:
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1639:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1565:The Guardian
1564:
1554:
1546:the original
1539:
1530:
1519:
1509:
1501:the original
1491:
1480:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1436:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1414:
1388:. Retrieved
1383:
1374:
1364:November 22,
1362:. Retrieved
1358:the original
1353:
1320:
1288:
1260:
1227:
1197:
1170:. Retrieved
1167:Studio Mario
1166:
1157:
1146:
1119:. Retrieved
1114:
1105:
1090:corresponded
1044:Risshi-shiki
1041:
1038:Risshi-shiki
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
970:
966:
953:
946:since 2002.
941:
936:
930:
926:
921:
915:
911:
905:
903:
899:
885:Seijin-shiki
873:
868:seijin shiki
867:
849:
816:
807:
803:
794:
790:
779:
775:
769:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
741:
736:
732:
728:
724:
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692:
688:
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669:
665:
661:
659:
654:
650:
648:
642:
638:
636:
619:
615:
609:
604:
600:
597:Heian period
591:
589:
571:Heian period
566:
564:
553:
513:
485:
484:
369:
365:
360:
338:
337:
336:
330:
319:
312:
308:
301:
295:
293:
275:
266:
248:seijin-shiki
235:
211:Seijin no Hi
198:
197:
131:January 8
116:January 9
93:Significance
64:Seijin no Hi
48:Meiji Shrine
29:
2057:Silver Week
2034:Culture Day
1873:October 26,
1840:January 13,
1814:January 13,
1763:October 26,
1646:October 28,
1611:"e-Gov法令検索"
1595:October 26,
1420:October 26,
1390:October 26,
1384:Sankei News
1172:October 26,
1121:January 16,
963:Eligibility
770:During the
357:Nara period
257:prefectural
18:Seijinshiki
2072:Categories
2029:Sports Day
2009:Marine Day
1697:January 9,
1097:References
972:Ceremony.
834:Ceremonies
165:2026-01-12
150:2025-01-13
135:2024-01-08
120:2023-01-09
1977:Shōwa Day
1691:浦安市ホームページ
1115:政府広報オンライン
895:residency
631:jūnihitoe
507:eboshi-na
289:adulthood
173:Frequency
1570:June 14,
1287:(2013).
1073:ceremony
1061:See also
1025:Problems
1008:Business
907:furisode
858:patterns
850:furisode
817:Japan's
805:lives".
420:uikōburi
313:Keppatsu
303:Fundoshi
263:Overview
1067:Guan Li
855:homongi
780:genpuku
776:genpuku
760:genpuku
756:genpuku
752:genpuku
748:genpuku
744:genpuku
737:genpuku
733:genpuku
729:genpuku
725:genpuku
721:genpuku
717:Samurai
689:genpuku
682:Genpuku
662:genpuku
655:kanmuri
651:genpuku
643:genpuku
639:genpuku
620:wakashū
616:genpuku
611:wakashū
605:genpuku
601:genpuku
592:genpuku
567:genpuku
554:genpuku
527:kanmuri
514:Genpuku
486:Genpuku
450:shufuku
370:genpuku
366:genpuku
361:genpuku
339:Genpuku
331:genpuku
320:Genpuku
297:Genpuku
272:History
163: (
148: (
133: (
118: (
1669:
1443:
1327:
1069:, the
937:hakama
932:hakama
927:kimono
922:kimono
912:kimono
848:, and
828:kimono
462:, and
435:kanrei
232:adults
176:annual
87:Public
1863:(PDF)
1728:(PDF)
1717:(PDF)
1586:"成年式"
1206:–272.
1083:Notes
929:with
852:with
677:'
674:kakan
670:kakan
666:kakan
405:kakan
305:-iwai
281:Japan
218:is a
77:Japan
1875:2022
1842:2018
1816:2020
1765:2022
1736:2022
1699:2023
1667:ISBN
1648:2022
1622:2019
1597:2022
1572:2018
1441:ISBN
1422:2022
1392:2022
1366:2015
1325:ISBN
1174:2022
1123:2023
957:Obon
950:Date
917:zōri
823:Naha
697:mogi
693:mogi
660:The
545:mogi
501:烏帽子名
490:rite
390:fuku
309:Mogi
205:成人の日
105:Date
83:Type
59:成人の日
1204:251
1051:立志式
879:成人式
472:初元結
375:gen
242:成人式
2074::
1865:.
1850:^
1773:^
1744:^
1719:.
1689:.
1613:.
1563:.
1538:.
1518:.
1479:.
1413:.
1400:^
1352:.
1339:^
1297:^
1268:^
1242:^
1234:37
1212:^
1182:^
1145:.
1131:^
1113:.
882:,
622:.
542:,
539:裳着
524:,
504:,
477:.
457:首服
447:,
442:冠礼
432:,
427:初冠
417:,
412:加冠
346:元服
291:.
245:,
208:,
2005:)
2001:(
1998:)
1994:(
1953:)
1949:(
1921:e
1914:t
1907:v
1877:.
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1176:.
1151:.
1125:.
1054:)
1048:(
889:)
876:(
549:)
536:(
531:)
521:冠
518:(
510:)
498:(
475:)
469:(
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454:(
445:)
439:(
430:)
424:(
415:)
409:(
400:)
397:服
394:(
385:)
382:元
379:(
349:)
343:(
252:)
239:(
215:)
202:(
167:)
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122:)
67:)
61:(
20:)
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