174:
Bioterrorism Act of 2002, the OIG had received 68 referrals from the CDC for possible Select Agent enforcement and found violations in 30 of those cases. Notices of violation were sent to 5 federal entities, 3 universities, and 2 other private organizations, all unnamed in his testimony. Demske remarked that no federal agencies had been fined for SAP violations.
173:
detects possible SAP misconduct by an HHS worker, it coordinates with the OIG to gather facts. If it concludes that a civil violation might have occurred, it turns the case over to the OIG for possible enforcement. But if it suspects a crime, it pursues the matter with the FBI. Since passage of the
1024:
Select agent regulations were revised in
October 2012 to designate thirteen "Tier 1" agents with a documented risk of causing a high consequence event higher than other BSATs. Criteria for Tier 1 status were (1) Ability to produce a mass casualty event or devastating effects to the economy; (2)
1147:– The FSAP is composed jointly of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Division of Select Agents and Toxins and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Agriculture Select Agent Services, and oversees the possession, use and transfer of biological select agents and toxins.
1805:
156:
research. It is composed of government, education and industry experts who provide policy recommendations on ways to minimize the possibility that knowledge and technologies emanating from biological research will be misused to threaten public health or national security.
116:
research. It is composed of government, education and industry experts who provide policy recommendations on ways to minimize the possibility that knowledge and technologies emanating from biological research will be misused to threaten public health or national security.
1025:
Communicability; (3) Low infectious dose; and (4) History of or current interest in weaponization based on threat reporting. In the same revision
Chapare virus, Lujo virus, and SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were added to the list of select agents.
1321:
2139:
1119:
National
Research Council (US) Committee on Laboratory Security and Personnel Reliability Assurance Systems for Laboratories Conducting Research on Biological Select Agents and Toxins. (2009). "Chapter 1. Introduction".
2033:
2112:
2078:
1336:
130:
90:
2095:
1104:
Criteria for removal from the BSAT list were (1) Low potential for causing mortality; (2) Endemicity in the U.S. (animal agents); and (3) Difficulty in producing quantities necessary for high consequence
1288:
2340:
125:
The CDC has regulated the laboratories which may possess, use, or transfer select agents within the United States under the SAP since 2001. The SAP was established to satisfy requirements of the
1404:
1373:
169:), testified that 30 civil violations of the SAP rules had been identified in the past 13 years, and that violators had paid about $ 2.4 million in fines. He explained that when the CDC's
1856:
1658:
1241:
1459:
1387:
1453:
1443:
1185:
2144:
2100:
1303:
149:
109:
2056:
1469:
1079:
1226:
459:
and toxins are considered to "have the potential to pose a severe threat to both human and animal health, to plant health, or to animal and plant products".
323:
51:
1736:
2061:
1811:
1560:
166:
1574:
1485:
1297:
1280:
1040:
66:
367:
2106:
1580:
2219:
1618:
1342:
1194:
1052:
1878:
1479:
1026:
1971:
1586:
1331:
1377:
1246:
1160:
A federal advisory committee that addresses issues related to biosecurity and dual use research at the request of the United States
Government.
1178:
1663:
1966:
1293:
1269:
850:
170:
805:
Select agent regulations were revised in
October 2012 to remove 19 BSATs from the list (7 Human and Overlap Agents and 12 Animal Agents).
58:(USDA) to have the "potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety". The agents are divided into (1) HHS select agents and
2233:
1882:
1414:
2084:
1439:
1218:
2134:
1778:
1643:
1628:
1475:
1261:
833:
293:
62:
affecting humans; (2) USDA select agents and toxins affecting agriculture; and (3) overlap select agents and toxins affecting both.
1795:
1005:
1633:
2264:
2170:
2000:
1892:
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1171:
968:
758:
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2214:
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1326:
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844:
1151:
873:
610:
55:
1648:
2175:
2039:
1922:
1837:
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1435:
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399:
1898:
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1465:
1231:
814:
419:
404:
1874:
1688:
950:
895:
440:
428:
282:
900:
2229:
497:
134:
94:
69:(CDC) regulates the laboratories which may possess, use, or transfer select agents within the United States in its
1449:
1744:
576:
231:
165:
In July 2015, Gregory E. Demske, chief counsel to the inspector general in the HHS Office of
Inspector General (
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1529:
1513:
1313:
793:
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1886:
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475:
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243:
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2299:
2185:
2089:
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1419:
912:
737:
258:
251:
1698:
1644:
Middle-Atlantic
Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research
2350:
2180:
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1831:
1755:
928:
923:
878:
827:
468:
329:
138:
98:
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353:
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219:
145:
105:
1030:
2279:
2191:
942:
744:
685:
535:
510:
2274:
1995:
1866:
1760:
1693:
1066:
770:
708:
604:
378:
212:
31:
2269:
2224:
1961:
1637:
1035:
963:
868:
690:
543:
456:
1163:
2345:
2284:
2027:
1990:
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666:
342:
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126:
86:
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1982:
906:
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863:
557:
414:
388:
336:
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1381:
839:
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502:
153:
113:
2140:
Global
Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction
2072:
1956:
1940:
1822:
1703:
1053:"U.S. government names SARS a select agent, restricting labs that work on virus"
1039:/ Vol. 77, No. 194 / Friday, October 5, 2012 / Rules and Regulations, pg 61084.
673:
599:
424:
372:
204:
1121:
2259:
1069:
virus containing any portion of the coding regions of all eight gene segments.
993:
Additional
Requirements for Facilities Transferring or Receiving Select Agents
695:
383:
199:
131:
Public Health
Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
91:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
1031:“Possession, Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins; Biennial Review”
515:
492:
482:
47:
17:
1619:
Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (formerly Center for Biosecurity)
1935:
1789:
1235:
434:
1010:
85:)—since 2001. The SAP was established to satisfy requirements of the
2034:
Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs
1409:
487:
463:
144:
Using select agents in biomedical research prompts concerns about
59:
2113:
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013
2079:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act
1337:
Joint Program Executive Office of Chemical and Biological Defense
1065:
This refers to reconstructed, replication-competent forms of the
2096:
Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005
1564:
1554:
1550:
1388:
Integrated National Biodefense Medical Countermeasures Portfolio
1138:
1289:
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
1167:
1551:
National Medical Response Team/National Pharmacy Response Team
1123:
Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and Toxins
995:, Title 42 CFR Part 72 and Appendix A; 15 April 1997 (DHHS).
1972:
Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System
1587:
Bioterror Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory
1405:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
1332:
Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System
1374:
National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research
104:
Using BSATs in biomedical research prompts concerns about
1152:"National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB)"
644:
small colony (Mmm SC) (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia)
1857:
National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases
1659:
Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies
1242:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
302:-complex viruses (3 subtypes, excluding European ones)
1664:
National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases
1460:
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
2341:
United States Department of Health and Human Services
2247:
2205:
2161:
2154:
2125:
2049:
2020:
2013:
1981:
1949:
1921:
1912:
1865:
1847:
1821:
1769:
1729:
1720:
1677:
1609:
1600:
1543:
1522:
1506:
1499:
1428:
1397:
1364:
1355:
1312:
1279:
1260:
1217:
1208:
1201:
931:virus (exotic): Indiana subtypes VSV-IN2, VSV-IN3
27:Controlled biological agents in the United States
2085:Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002
1006:"CDC: DoD anthrax errors involved 575 shipments'
2145:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
2101:Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
1737:Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
1304:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
150:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
110:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
1629:Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment
1234:(National Biosurvelliance Integration Center,
420:Guanarito virus (Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever)
305:Central European tick-borne encephalitis virus
183:Tier 1 BSATs are indicated by an asterisk (*).
50:which (since 1997) have been declared by the
2057:Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989
1796:Global Bio-Surveillance Technology Initiative
1179:
815:Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (Herpes B virus)
613:virus (excluding enzootic subtypes ID and IE)
8:
1634:Center for Biodefense and Emerging Pathogens
1227:DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division
324:Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 virus
311:Russian spring and summer encephalitis virus
52:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2062:Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991
1561:Chemical Biological Incident Response Force
2158:
2017:
1918:
1726:
1606:
1503:
1486:Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit
1361:
1214:
1205:
1186:
1172:
1164:
1126:. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
67:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2107:Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act
1581:Aeromedical Biological Containment System
1535:Nebraska Biocontainment Patient Care Unit
1410:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
1322:Assistant SECDEF for NCB Defense Programs
441:Sabiá virus (Brazilian hemorrhagic fever)
308:Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus
2220:United States biological weapons program
1343:National Center for Medical Intelligence
1195:United States biological defense program
133:, which were enacted in the wake of the
93:, which were enacted in the wake of the
1879:National Strategy for Homeland Security
1027:Department of Health and Human Services
985:
361:Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) viruses:
1378:National Interagency Biodefense Campus
1247:National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
1649:Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling
1084:CDC/USDA Federal Select Agent Program
368:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
148:. The federal government created the
108:. The federal government created the
7:
1967:Autonomous Pathogen Detection System
1294:Division of Select Agents and Toxins
1272:(Advisory Committee on Bioterrorism)
1270:National Counterproliferation Center
1252:National Bioforensic Analysis Center
920:(contagious caprine pleuropneumonia)
851:Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
296:(excluding South American genotypes)
171:Division of Select Agents and Toxins
1415:Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
1800:Bio-Surveillance Management Office
1466:Homeland Security Research Program
36:Biological select agents or toxins
25:
2135:Global Health Security Initiative
1779:National Biosurveillance Strategy
1476:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
834:Eastern equine encephalitis virus
294:Eastern equine encephalitis virus
2265:Biosecurity in the United States
2171:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
2001:Positive pressure personnel suit
1893:National Disaster Medical System
969:Biosecurity in the United States
903:(Alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1)
759:Peronosclerospora philippinensis
691:Peste des petits ruminants virus
524:Overlap select agents and toxins
2320:Smallpox virus retention debate
2215:United States Army Medical Unit
1741:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
1327:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
1080:"Select Agents and Toxins List"
974:U.S. biological defense program
901:Malignant Catarrhal Fever virus
845:Tick-borne encephalitis viruses
874:Bovine spongiform encephalitis
752:Fungi or fungus-like pathogens
611:Venezuelan equine encephalitis
112:which promotes biosecurity in
56:U.S. Department of Agriculture
1:
2176:1989 California medfly attack
2040:Biological Weapons Convention
1838:Personnel Reliability Program
1571:Epidemic Intelligence Service
1436:Galveston National Laboratory
853:, enzootic subtypes ID and IE
618:USDA select agents and toxins
400:Kyasanur Forest disease virus
1899:Strategic National Stockpile
1450:Integrated Research Facility
1232:DHS Office of Health Affairs
1143:Federal Select Agent Program
801:List of former select agents
437:(Bolivian hemorrhagic fever)
411:South American VHF viruses:
405:Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus
188:HHS select agents and toxins
79:Federal Select Agent Program
1962:Biological Materials MASINT
1875:National Response Framework
1784:Laboratory Response Network
1745:Biological Threat Reduction
1689:Battelle Memorial Institute
951:citrus variegated chlorosis
896:Japanese encephalitis virus
498:Staphylococcal enterotoxins
429:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
283:SARS-associated coronavirus
2367:
2230:Aeromedical Isolation Team
1041:Government Printing Office
836:, South American genotypes
764:Peronosclerospora sacchari
152:to promote biosecurity in
135:September 11, 2001 attacks
95:September 11, 2001 attacks
669:virus (highly pathogenic)
577:Burkholderia pseudomallei
507:2 Type A trichothecenes:
232:Burkholderia pseudomallei
1802:(BMO) (part of JPEO-CBD)
1530:State Health Departments
1514:Local Health Departments
1156:Office of Science Policy
809:Human and overlap agents
794:Synchytrium endobioticum
686:Lumpy skin disease virus
582:Pseudomonas pseudomallei
237:Pseudomonas pseudomallei
2310:Isolation (health care)
2280:Biological warfare (BW)
1653:University of Rochester
1624:Henry L. Stimson Center
702:Swine vesicular disease
476:Clostridium perfringens
455:As of April 2021 these
300:Tick-borne encephalitis
821:Coccidioides posadasii
783:Sclerophthora rayssiae
730:Ralstonia solanacearum
680:Foot-and-mouth disease
655:African horse sickness
290:Encephalitis viruses:
244:Francisella tularensis
202:-producing species of
2305:Entomological warfare
2206:Defunct organizations
2186:Wood Green ricin plot
2090:Project Bioshield Act
2067:Executive Order 13139
1420:Dugway Proving Ground
1004:Roos, Robert (2015),
913:Mycoplasma capricolum
776:Pyrenochaeta glycines
738:Rathayibacter toxicus
469:Botulinum neurotoxins
364:African VHF viruses:
259:Rickettsia rickettsii
252:Rickettsia prowazekii
178:List of select agents
2181:2001 anthrax attacks
1849:Medical intelligence
1832:Select Agent Program
1756:Project Clear Vision
929:Vesicular stomatitis
885:Erlichia ruminantium
828:Coccidioides immitis
330:1918 influenza virus
139:2001 anthrax attacks
99:2001 anthrax attacks
71:Select Agent Program
847:, European subtypes
661:African swine fever
637:Mycoplasma mycoides
565:Burkholderia mallei
551:Brucella melitensis
396:Asian VHF viruses:
354:Variola minor virus
348:Variola major virus
220:Burkholderia mallei
137:and the subsequent
97:and the subsequent
2197:2013 ricin letters
2192:2003 ricin letters
1739:, implemented the
1668:George Mason Univ.
943:Xylella fastidiosa
745:Xanthomonas oryzae
570:Pseudomonas mallei
536:Bacillus anthracis
511:Diacetoxyscirpenol
350:* (smallpox virus)
319:Influenza viruses:
225:Pseudomonas mallei
77:)—also called the
2328:
2327:
2275:Biological hazard
2243:
2242:
2121:
2120:
2009:
2008:
1996:Biosafety cabinet
1908:
1907:
1867:Disaster response
1761:Project Jefferson
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1694:SRI International
1596:
1595:
1495:
1494:
1351:
1350:
1067:1918 flu pandemic
771:Phoma glycinicola
709:Newcastle disease
605:Rift Valley fever
457:biological agents
379:Lassa fever virus
213:Coxiella burnetii
32:United States law
16:(Redirected from
2358:
2270:Biological agent
2225:Sunshine Project
2159:
2018:
1919:
1881:(DHS; including
1730:Threat reduction
1727:
1699:Idaho Technology
1638:Brown University
1610:Academic centers
1607:
1504:
1362:
1215:
1206:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1159:
1146:
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1102:
1096:
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1093:
1091:
1076:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1036:Federal Register
1022:
1016:
1015:(18 July issue).
1002:
996:
990:
964:Biological agent
869:Bluetongue virus
733:race 3, biovar 2
544:Brucella abortus
129:of 2001 and the
89:of 2001 and the
54:(HHS) or by the
21:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2300:Decontamination
2285:Biosurveillance
2239:
2207:
2201:
2163:
2162:Past biological
2150:
2127:
2117:
2045:
2028:Geneva Protocol
2005:
1991:Biosafety level
1977:
1945:
1914:
1904:
1861:
1843:
1817:
1771:Biosurveillance
1765:
1751:Project Bacchus
1722:
1708:
1680:
1673:
1612:and think tanks
1611:
1602:
1592:
1539:
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1424:
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1357:
1347:
1308:
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1197:
1192:
1158:. 7 April 2020.
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1118:
1115:
1113:Further reading
1110:
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1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1086:. 26 April 2021
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1051:
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1023:
1019:
1003:
999:
991:
987:
982:
960:
938:
924:Sheep Pox virus
918:capripneumoniae
879:Camel Pox virus
860:
811:
803:
754:
725:
720:
667:Avian influenza
651:
632:
627:
620:
591:
531:
526:
453:
343:Monkeypox virus
337:Orthopoxviruses
276:
266:Yersinia pestis
195:
190:
180:
163:
127:USA PATRIOT Act
123:
87:USA PATRIOT Act
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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2255:Agro-terrorism
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2248:Related topics
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1983:Biocontainment
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1211:administrative
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1133:
1132:External links
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997:
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981:
978:
977:
976:
971:
966:
959:
956:
955:
954:
937:
934:
933:
932:
926:
921:
909:
907:Menangle virus
904:
898:
893:
891:Goat Pox virus
888:
881:
876:
871:
866:
859:
856:
855:
854:
848:
842:
837:
831:
824:
817:
810:
807:
802:
799:
798:
797:
790:
779:
767:
753:
750:
749:
748:
741:
734:
724:
721:
719:
714:
713:
712:
705:
699:
693:
688:
683:
677:
670:
664:
658:
650:
647:
646:
645:
631:
628:
626:
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
608:
602:
597:
590:
587:
586:
585:
573:
561:
554:
547:
540:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
520:
519:
518:
513:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
472:
466:
452:
449:
448:
447:
446:
445:
444:
443:
438:
432:
422:
417:
409:
408:
407:
402:
394:
393:
392:
386:
381:
376:
370:
359:
358:
357:
351:
345:
334:
333:
332:
328:Reconstructed
326:
316:
315:
314:
313:
312:
309:
306:
297:
288:
287:
286:
275:
272:
271:
270:
262:
255:
248:
240:
228:
216:
209:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:
179:
176:
162:
159:
122:
119:
46:for short—are
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2363:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:International
2124:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1915:and equipment
1911:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1202:Organizations
1200:
1196:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1101:
1098:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1001:
998:
994:
989:
986:
979:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
957:
952:
948:
945:
944:
940:
939:
935:
930:
927:
925:
922:
919:
915:
914:
910:
908:
905:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
886:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
864:Akabane virus
862:
861:
858:Animal agents
857:
852:
849:
846:
843:
841:
838:
835:
832:
830:
829:
825:
823:
822:
818:
816:
813:
812:
808:
806:
800:
796:
795:
791:
789:
785:
784:
780:
777:
773:
772:
768:
765:
761:
760:
756:
755:
751:
747:
746:
742:
740:
739:
735:
732:
731:
727:
726:
722:
718:
715:
710:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
652:
648:
643:
639:
638:
634:
633:
629:
625:
622:
617:
612:
609:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
588:
583:
579:
578:
574:
571:
567:
566:
562:
560:
559:
558:Brucella suis
555:
553:
552:
548:
546:
545:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
528:
523:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:epsilon toxin
478:
477:
473:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
460:
458:
450:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
415:Chapare virus
413:
412:
410:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
395:
390:
389:Marburg virus
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
363:
362:
360:
355:
352:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
338:
335:
331:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
317:
310:
307:
304:
303:
301:
298:
295:
292:
291:
289:
284:
281:
280:
279:Coronavirus:
278:
277:
273:
268:
267:
263:
261:
260:
256:
254:
253:
249:
246:
245:
241:
238:
234:
233:
229:
226:
222:
221:
217:
215:
214:
210:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
192:
187:
182:
181:
177:
175:
172:
168:
160:
158:
155:
151:
147:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
120:
118:
115:
111:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:select agents
42:s)—or simply
41:
37:
33:
19:
2315:Select agent
2314:
2295:CBRN defense
2290:Bioterrorism
2208:and programs
2030:(1925, 1975)
1723:and projects
1603:governmental
1382:Fort Detrick
1367:departmental
1155:
1142:
1122:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1083:
1074:
1061:
1047:
1034:
1020:
1009:
1000:
992:
988:
946:
941:
936:Plant agents
917:
911:
883:
840:Flexal virus
826:
819:
804:
792:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
743:
736:
728:
716:
641:
635:
623:
595:Hendra virus
581:
580:* (formerly
575:
569:
568:* (formerly
563:
556:
549:
542:
534:
503:Tetrodotoxin
474:
454:
356:* (Alastrim)
318:
264:
257:
250:
242:
236:
235:* (formerly
230:
224:
223:* (formerly
218:
211:
203:
164:
154:life science
143:
124:
114:life science
103:
82:
78:
74:
70:
64:
43:
39:
35:
29:
18:Select Agent
2351:Biosecurity
2073:Patriot Act
2050:Legislation
1957:Cell CANARY
1941:Respirators
1823:Biosecurity
1704:Phoenix Air
1681:contractors
916:subspecies
674:swine fever
640:subspecies
624:For animals
600:Nipah virus
425:Junin virus
373:Ebola virus
205:Clostridium
2335:Categories
2260:Biodefense
1923:Protection
1913:Technology
1901:(CDC, DHS)
1825:/Biosurety
1814:(Civilian)
1792:(EPA, CDC)
1747:(DoD) plus
1679:Government
1390:(DHHS/DoD)
1339:(JPEO-CBD)
980:References
774:(formerly
717:For plants
696:Rinderpest
672:Classical
483:Conotoxins
384:Lujo virus
285:(SARS-CoV)
200:neurotoxin
198:Botulinum
161:Violations
121:Regulation
48:bio-agents
2164:incidents
1950:Detection
707:Virulent
516:T-2 toxin
493:Saxitoxin
65:The U.S.
2021:Treaties
1974:(JBAIDS)
1936:NBC suit
1798:(GBTI),
1790:BioWatch
1721:Programs
1666:(NCBID;
1500:Response
1429:Civilian
1398:Military
1358:research
1236:BioWatch
1090:27 April
1029:(2012),
958:See also
723:Bacteria
642:mycoides
630:Bacteria
529:Bacteria
193:Bacteria
146:dual use
106:dual use
2155:History
1877:of the
1806:ESSENCE
1544:Federal
1356:Federal
1209:Federal
953:strain)
711:virus 1
649:Viruses
589:Viruses
435:Machupo
274:Viruses
2346:Toxins
2188:(2002)
2147:(2004)
2109:(2006)
2103:(2005)
2092:(2004)
2081:(2002)
2075:(2001)
2069:(1999)
2042:(1972)
2036:(1969)
1895:(DHHS)
1557:, HHS)
1488:(USDA)
1365:Trans-
1139:"Home"
1105:event.
1011:CIDRAP
698:virus*
682:virus*
451:Toxins
60:toxins
30:Under
1840:(DoD)
1834:(CDC)
1808:(DoD)
1786:(CDC)
1589:(CDC)
1583:(CDC)
1523:State
1507:Local
1472:/DHS)
1462:(HHS)
1454:NIAID
1452:(HHS/
1444:NIAID
947:pauca
704:virus
676:virus
663:virus
657:virus
607:virus
488:Ricin
464:Abrin
1931:MOPP
1885:and
1883:NIMS
1812:RODS
1743:and
1601:Non-
1565:USMC
1555:NDMS
1480:USDA
1440:UTMB
1281:DHHS
1092:2021
1013:News
788:zeae
786:var
83:FSAP
40:BSAT
2234:DoD
2014:Law
1887:ICS
1575:CDC
1470:EPA
1314:DoD
1298:CDC
1262:DNI
1219:DHS
167:OIG
75:SAP
2337::
1380:,
1154:.
1141:.
1082:.
1033:,
1008:,
339::
141:.
101:.
34:,
2236:)
2232:(
1889:)
1670:)
1655:)
1651:(
1640:)
1636:(
1577:)
1573:(
1567:)
1563:(
1553:(
1482:)
1478:(
1468:(
1456:)
1446:)
1442:/
1438:(
1384:)
1376:(
1300:)
1296:(
1238:)
1187:e
1180:t
1173:v
1145:.
1094:.
1055:.
949:(
778:)
766:)
762:(
584:)
572:)
539:*
471:*
431:)
427:(
391:*
375:*
269:*
247:*
239:)
227:)
208:*
81:(
73:(
38:(
20:)
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