214:
695:
University of Oxford's
Project Southeast Asia also expressed concerns about how Thum was treated at the hearing, saying that Thum's research, which Shanmugam had criticised, had "already met the rigorous standards of examination at Oxford and peer review by fellow historical experts on the region". The letter also expressed concerns about the "implications for academic freedom, and for freedom of expression in Singapore", saying that the hearing "appears designed to intimidate those who seek to publish the truth".
703:
drafting and sharing of a letter in support of Thum. Chong accused Thum of having "engineered" the open letter in support of himself, as well as getting
Kraeger to canvass for support on his behalf. Chong alleged "a coordinated attempt, with foreign actors involved, to try to influence and subvert our parliamentary processes". Kreager called Chong's statement "clearly preposterous", insisting that the emails were merely to "exchange views", and accusing Chong of imagining a "conspiracy".
105:
671:. However, in a subsequent follow-up submission to the Select Committee, Thum claimed that the reports took his words out of context, arguing that "the crux of my original submission was not addressed in the discussion", "the fundamental arguments... were not raised nor challenged", and "at no point did I accept that any part of my article was inaccurate or misleading". He insisted that "my overall point in my article that
419:
27:
604:. While the government has stated that the detainees were part of a communist plot or Marxist conspiracy to subvert the state, Thum claimed that the government has never produced any evidence to substantiate its claims nor have any detainees been brought to trial on the charges they were detained under. Thum argued that these justifications were false claims made by politicians of the ruling
726:
opinions and criticisms, nor satire or parody. It defines a falsehood as a statement of fact that is false or misleading. After concerns were raised about the Bill's scope, ministers gave reassurances that the bill will not affect free speech. The Bill was passed with a 72-9 vote on 8 May 2019 after a two-day debate. POFMA came into effect on 2 October 2019, with the
698:
In response, Chong argued that it was Thum who had chosen to make a political point in his written submission to the Select
Committee, and that while Thum was entitled to his views, he must expect to be questioned about his claims. He also characterised Thum's submission as a "political piece" rather
662:
reported that Thum admitted that there were parts of the paper which he could have worded better, that some of his statements were misleading, and that he had not read nor bother to quote many of the accounts of some communist leaders as he felt that those accounts were unreliable. These included the
647:
He said Thum fell short of the standards of an objective historian, saying that he "ignores evidence which you don't like, you ignore and suppress what is inconvenient and in your writings you present quite an untrue picture". Thum countered that his paper had been peer-reviewed and that no historian
710:
wrote to Thum to clarify his academic credentials following his claims to be a "research fellow in history" in his submission and holding "a visiting professorship in anthropology at Oxford
University" during his oral testimony. Following media enquiries, the University of Oxford replied that Thum
694:
A letter signed by 170 academics was submitted to Chong, criticising the hearing as an attempt to attack and destroy Thum's credibility and discredit his research, with the effect of stifling the freedom of expression and academic freedom in
Singapore. A letter from six of Thum's colleagues at the
725:
On 1 April 2019, the
Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation (POFMA) Bill was tabled in parliament for first reading. The Ministry of Law stated that the legislation seeks to protect the society from deliberate online falsehoods created by malicious actors by targeting falsehoods, not
567:
On 5 January 2018, the
Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) and Ministry of Law (MinLaw) published a Green Paper titled "Deliberate Online Falsehoods" detailing the need to establish a Select Committee to examine fake news threat in Singapore. On 10 January 2018, 80 MPs present voted
702:
Chong also released a report based upon attached emails between two trustees of
Project Southeast Asia that were copied, likely inadvertently, to the Select Committee, showing email discussions between Thum and Philip Kreager from the University of Oxford's Project Southeast Asia regarding the
559:
During his keynote speech at "Keep It Real: Truth And Trust In The Media" conference on 19 June 2017, Shanmugam said the government has to maintain a strong climate of trust, and be able to counter misinformation spread online. He cited a recent government survey that supported his notion for
576:
164 written representations were submitted to the Select
Committee over a seven-week period which ended on 7 March 2018. Among those who made submissions were media organisations, technology companies, foreign and local academics and experts, commentators, as well as members of the public.
555:
The
Minister claimed that fake news, when not debunked, can quickly cause harm to Singaporeans, panic to public, waste emergency resources, and damage reputations of businesses and people. He also claimed that nasty people seek to profit from fake news and that foreign agencies and foreign
619:
On 22 March, Facebook's vice-president of public policy for Asia-Pacific, Simon Milner, was questioned by the Select Committee, who was concerned that the law was being introduced in "a rush" by Singapore, and that "legislation which is enacted in haste can often be regretted".
1002:
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Shanmugam claimed that Singapore has been "particularly vulnerable" to foreign influences via fake news. "If the distrust becomes deep-rooted, people will have serious doubts about the institutions, about leadership, about governance," he said.
580:
In its written representation, Facebook "do not believe that legislation is the best approach" and that "Singapore already has a variety of existing laws and regulations which address hate speech, defamation and the spreading of false news".
691:, and Thum himself, criticised the open hearings, accusing the Select Committee of failing to adhere to its own terms of reference, and claiming the hearings had not been conducted in an open or consultative manner.
568:
unanimously in Parliament to appoint a Select Committee of eight PAP MPs, one opposition MP and one NMP to study and report on the problem of deliberate online falsehoods and recommend strategies to deal with them.
730:(IMDA) the agency in charge of the Act. Subsidiary legislation is also laid out in the Act detailing how the Act will work, including court challenges that take nine days at maximum and cost as little as $ 200.
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The Select Committee convened public hearings from 14 to 29 March 2018, lasting eight days in total, where 79 individuals and organisations were invited to testify.
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which published an article claiming that a commotion between Thaipusam participants and the police was sparked by complaints from a Filipino family, the
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that was formed on 11 January 2018 to examine and report on the problem of deliberate online falsehoods and to recommend strategies to deal with them.
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which reported eye-witness account of a collapsed HDB roof at Punggol Waterway Terraces which fooled the police and civil defence to investigate.
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1085:"'The Fundamental Issue is Anti-colonialism, Not Merger': Singapore's "Progressive Left", Operation Coldstore, and the Creation of Malaysia"
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1434:"Thum Ping Tjin is research associate with anthropology school: Oxford, Politics News & Top Stories - The Straits Times"
1508:"Parliament: Up to 10 years' jail for individuals and $ 1 million fine for firms under draft law against online falsehoods"
1391:"Historian Thum Ping Tjin appears to be involved in coordinated attempt to subvert parliamentary processes: Charles Chong"
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1409:"Allegations of conspiring with historian Thum to subvert parliamentary processes 'preposterous': Oxford academic"
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questioned Thum about a paper he published in 2013 regarding Operation Coldstore and the formation of Malaysia
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On 3 April 2017, Minister of Law and Home Affairs K Shanmugam called for a review of existing laws to combat
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1103:"Historian Thum Ping Tjin, Shanmugam cross swords on Singapore's communism-related past - Channel NewsAsia"
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1322:"Thum Ping Tjin must expect to be questioned, says Charles Chong in response to open letter by academics"
1464:"Parliament: Draft bill proposes up to 10 years' jail for individuals who deliberately spread fake news"
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1175:"Minister K. Shanmugam grills research fellow Thum Ping Tjin and says he is not an objective historian"
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1534:"Parliament passes Bill to tackle online falsehoods after lengthy debate spread over two days"
1206:"Follow up Submission to the Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods, Parliament of…"
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995:"Submission to the Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods, Parliament of Singapore"
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Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods - Causes, Consequences and Countermeasures
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596:. He argued that government's use of detention without trial between 1963 and 1988 during
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Historian Thum Ping Tjin, Shanmugam cross swords on Singapore's communism-related past.
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1040:"Select Committee on deliberate online falsehoods begins public hearings on Wednesday"
878:"Government proposes committee to study how to deal with deliberate online falsehoods"
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1482:"Laws to tackle deliberate online falsehoods to be introduced in Parliament: PM Lee"
1058:"K Shanmugam presses Facebook on lack of transparency over Cambridge Analytica saga"
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1129:"Shanmugam, historian Thum Ping Tjin spar over communist activities in 1950s-1960s"
968:"Facebook concerned about 'rush' by Singapore to introduce law to combat fake news"
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1025:"Select Committee on deliberate online falsehoods invites 79 for public hearings"
760:"Select Committee on fake news named; includes two ministers, WP's Pritam Singh"
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492:, Senior Minister of State for Communications and Information and for Education
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1355:"Academic freedom faces 'grave threat' from parliament - University World News"
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was a research associate at the School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography.
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1266:"Select Committee to look into complaints on public hearings: Charles Chong"
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932:"Select Committee on deliberate online falsehoods receives 164 submissions"
849:"More than 70% in Singapore have come across fake news online: REACH poll"
796:"Government 'seriously considering' how to deal with fake news: Shanmugam"
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was fundamentally motivated by political, not security, reasons, stands".
1236:"Civil society activists criticise Singapore's Select Committee hearings"
913:"Govt sets up committee to study problem of deliberate online falsehoods"
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had stepped forward to contradict the central thrust of his work.
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On 29 March, the last day of the sitting of the Select Committee,
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governments seek to destabilise the government through fake news.
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Civil activists groups Community Action Network, Function 8, and
814:"New laws against fake news to be introduced in 2018: Shanmugam"
548:
with an article claiming near-zero turnout for his funeral, and
864:"Shanmugam: Law to combat fake news to be introduced next year"
20:
896:"DELIBERATE ONLINE FALSEHOODS: CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS"
1291:"Maruah slams Select Committee's 'confrontational stance'"
632:
also pressed on Facebook's lack of transparency about the
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and consist of members; Minister of Law and Home Affairs
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Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act
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Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act
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submitted a paper arguing that any legislation by the
1561:"Singapore's fake news law to come into effect Oct 2"
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788:
832:"Findings of Poll on Attitudes towards Fake News"
592:against online falsehood must also apply to the
471:Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods
450:
8:
484:The Committee is chaired by Deputy Speaker
457:
443:
81:
50:. Please do not remove this message until
634:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
496:, Social and Family Development Minister
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
46:Relevant discussion may be found on the
18:Committee of the Parliament of Singapore
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993:Thum, Ping Tjin (26 February 2018).
728:Infocomm Media Development Authority
687:, as well as activists Kirsten Han,
1240:Community Action Network, Singapore
608:for the purpose of political gain.
560:stronger laws to combat fake news.
520:and Nominated Member of Parliament
1332:from the original on 24 April 2018
1135:from the original on 12 April 2018
1109:from the original on 30 March 2018
1083:Thum, Pingtjin (5 December 2013).
14:
1246:from the original on 28 July 2018
1005:from the original on 29 June 2018
699:than an "academic dissertation".
1365:from the original on 15 May 2018
1185:from the original on 5 July 2018
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212:
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25:
1559:Tham, Yuen-C (1 October 2019).
1444:from the original on 1 May 2018
1216:from the original on 6 May 2018
516:, as well as Workers' Party MP
544:which mocked former President
500:, Members of Parliament (MPs)
1:
1204:Thum, Pingtjin (3 May 2018).
930:Seow, Bei Yi (9 March 2018).
758:Yuen, Sin (11 January 2018).
1389:hermesauto (30 April 2018).
1320:hermesauto (17 April 2018).
1173:hermesauto (29 March 2018).
1038:hermesauto (13 March 2018).
862:Tan, Judith (19 June 2017).
1359:www.universityworldnews.com
606:People's Action Party (PAP)
271:Prime Minister of Singapore
52:conditions to do so are met
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323:Supreme Court of Singapore
127:Constitution of Singapore
1089:ARI Working Paper Series
536:. He cited the websites
199:Leader of the Opposition
85:This article is part of
1608:Parliament of Singapore
669:Malayan Communist Party
663:first-hand accounts of
572:Written representations
479:Parliament of Singapore
708:Parliament Secretariat
584:Singaporean historian
401:Presidential elections
258:Tharman Shanmugaratnam
250:President of Singapore
1159:30 March 2018 at the
96:Politics of Singapore
667:, the leader of the
594:Singapore government
590:Singapore Parliament
424:Singapore portal
1163:Channelnewsasia.com
673:Operation Coldstore
598:Operation Coldstore
550:All Singapore Stuff
542:States Times Review
184:Leader of the House
39:of this article is
602:Operation Spectrum
538:The Real Singapore
1613:Select committees
1603:2018 in Singapore
1565:The Straits Times
1512:The Straits Times
1468:sg.news.yahoo.com
1440:. 14 April 2018.
1438:The Straits Times
1395:The Straits Times
1326:The Straits Times
1179:The Straits Times
1131:. 29 March 2018.
1044:The Straits Times
936:The Straits Times
818:sg.news.yahoo.com
802:on 28 April 2017.
764:The Straits Times
706:On 13 April, the
659:The Straits Times
494:Janil Puthucheary
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1514:. 1 April 2019
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