163:
Bioterrorism Act of 2002, the OIG had received 68 referrals from the CDC for possible Select Agent enforcement and found violations in 30 of those cases. Notices of violation were sent to 5 federal entities, 3 universities, and 2 other private organizations, all unnamed in his testimony. Demske remarked that no federal agencies had been fined for SAP violations.
162:
detects possible SAP misconduct by an HHS worker, it coordinates with the OIG to gather facts. If it concludes that a civil violation might have occurred, it turns the case over to the OIG for possible enforcement. But if it suspects a crime, it pursues the matter with the FBI. Since passage of the
1013:
Select agent regulations were revised in
October 2012 to designate thirteen "Tier 1" agents with a documented risk of causing a high consequence event higher than other BSATs. Criteria for Tier 1 status were (1) Ability to produce a mass casualty event or devastating effects to the economy; (2)
1136:– The FSAP is composed jointly of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Division of Select Agents and Toxins and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/Agriculture Select Agent Services, and oversees the possession, use and transfer of biological select agents and toxins.
1794:
145:
research. It is composed of government, education and industry experts who provide policy recommendations on ways to minimize the possibility that knowledge and technologies emanating from biological research will be misused to threaten public health or national security.
105:
research. It is composed of government, education and industry experts who provide policy recommendations on ways to minimize the possibility that knowledge and technologies emanating from biological research will be misused to threaten public health or national security.
1014:
Communicability; (3) Low infectious dose; and (4) History of or current interest in weaponization based on threat reporting. In the same revision
Chapare virus, Lujo virus, and SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were added to the list of select agents.
1310:
2128:
1108:
National
Research Council (US) Committee on Laboratory Security and Personnel Reliability Assurance Systems for Laboratories Conducting Research on Biological Select Agents and Toxins. (2009). "Chapter 1. Introduction".
2022:
2101:
2067:
1325:
119:
79:
2084:
1093:
Criteria for removal from the BSAT list were (1) Low potential for causing mortality; (2) Endemicity in the U.S. (animal agents); and (3) Difficulty in producing quantities necessary for high consequence
1277:
2329:
114:
The CDC has regulated the laboratories which may possess, use, or transfer select agents within the United States under the SAP since 2001. The SAP was established to satisfy requirements of the
1393:
1362:
158:), testified that 30 civil violations of the SAP rules had been identified in the past 13 years, and that violators had paid about $ 2.4 million in fines. He explained that when the CDC's
1845:
1647:
1230:
1448:
1376:
1442:
1432:
1174:
2133:
2089:
1292:
138:
98:
2045:
1458:
1068:
1215:
448:
and toxins are considered to "have the potential to pose a severe threat to both human and animal health, to plant health, or to animal and plant products".
312:
40:
1725:
2050:
1800:
1549:
155:
1563:
1474:
1286:
1269:
1029:
55:
356:
2095:
1569:
2208:
1607:
1331:
1183:
1041:
1867:
1468:
1015:
1960:
1575:
1320:
1366:
1235:
1149:
A federal advisory committee that addresses issues related to biosecurity and dual use research at the request of the United States
Government.
1167:
1652:
1955:
1282:
1258:
839:
159:
794:
Select agent regulations were revised in
October 2012 to remove 19 BSATs from the list (7 Human and Overlap Agents and 12 Animal Agents).
47:(USDA) to have the "potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety". The agents are divided into (1) HHS select agents and
2222:
1871:
1403:
2073:
1428:
1207:
2123:
1767:
1632:
1617:
1464:
1250:
822:
282:
51:
affecting humans; (2) USDA select agents and toxins affecting agriculture; and (3) overlap select agents and toxins affecting both.
1784:
994:
1622:
2253:
2159:
1989:
1881:
1772:
1160:
957:
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1729:
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1315:
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833:
1140:
862:
599:
44:
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1911:
1826:
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1424:
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388:
1887:
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1454:
1220:
803:
408:
393:
1863:
1677:
939:
884:
429:
417:
271:
889:
2218:
486:
123:
83:
58:(CDC) regulates the laboratories which may possess, use, or transfer select agents within the United States in its
1438:
1733:
565:
220:
154:
In July 2015, Gregory E. Demske, chief counsel to the inspector general in the HHS Office of
Inspector General (
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1518:
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1302:
782:
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Middle-Atlantic
Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research
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342:
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208:
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94:
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1984:
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1055:
759:
697:
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367:
201:
20:
2258:
2213:
1950:
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1024:
952:
857:
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532:
445:
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2016:
1979:
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331:
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115:
75:
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1971:
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325:
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1370:
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491:
142:
102:
2129:
Global
Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction
2061:
1945:
1929:
1811:
1692:
1042:"U.S. government names SARS a select agent, restricting labs that work on virus"
1028:/ Vol. 77, No. 194 / Friday, October 5, 2012 / Rules and Regulations, pg 61084.
662:
588:
413:
361:
193:
1110:
2248:
1058:
virus containing any portion of the coding regions of all eight gene segments.
982:
Additional
Requirements for Facilities Transferring or Receiving Select Agents
684:
372:
188:
120:
Public Health
Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
80:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
1020:“Possession, Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins; Biennial Review”
504:
481:
471:
36:
1608:
Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (formerly Center for Biosecurity)
1924:
1778:
1224:
423:
999:
74:)—since 2001. The SAP was established to satisfy requirements of the
2023:
Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs
1398:
476:
452:
133:
Using select agents in biomedical research prompts concerns about
48:
2102:
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013
2068:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act
1326:
Joint Program Executive Office of Chemical and Biological Defense
1054:
This refers to reconstructed, replication-competent forms of the
2085:
Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005
1553:
1543:
1539:
1377:
Integrated National Biodefense Medical Countermeasures Portfolio
1127:
1278:
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
1156:
1540:
National Medical Response Team/National Pharmacy Response Team
1112:
Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and Toxins
984:, Title 42 CFR Part 72 and Appendix A; 15 April 1997 (DHHS).
1961:
Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System
1576:
Bioterror Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory
1394:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
1321:
Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System
1363:
National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research
93:
Using BSATs in biomedical research prompts concerns about
1141:"National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB)"
633:
small colony (Mmm SC) (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia)
1846:
National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases
1648:
Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies
1231:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
291:-complex viruses (3 subtypes, excluding European ones)
1653:
National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases
1449:
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
2330:
United States Department of Health and Human Services
2236:
2194:
2150:
2143:
2114:
2038:
2009:
2002:
1970:
1938:
1910:
1901:
1854:
1836:
1810:
1758:
1718:
1709:
1666:
1598:
1589:
1532:
1511:
1495:
1488:
1417:
1386:
1353:
1344:
1301:
1268:
1249:
1206:
1197:
1190:
920:virus (exotic): Indiana subtypes VSV-IN2, VSV-IN3
16:Controlled biological agents in the United States
2074:Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002
995:"CDC: DoD anthrax errors involved 575 shipments'
2134:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
2090:Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
1726:Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
1293:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
139:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
99:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
1618:Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment
1223:(National Biosurvelliance Integration Center,
409:Guanarito virus (Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever)
294:Central European tick-borne encephalitis virus
172:Tier 1 BSATs are indicated by an asterisk (*).
39:which (since 1997) have been declared by the
2046:Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989
1785:Global Bio-Surveillance Technology Initiative
1168:
804:Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (Herpes B virus)
602:virus (excluding enzootic subtypes ID and IE)
8:
1623:Center for Biodefense and Emerging Pathogens
1216:DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division
313:Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 virus
300:Russian spring and summer encephalitis virus
41:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2051:Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991
1550:Chemical Biological Incident Response Force
2147:
2006:
1907:
1715:
1595:
1492:
1475:Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit
1350:
1203:
1194:
1175:
1161:
1153:
1115:. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
56:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2096:Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act
1570:Aeromedical Biological Containment System
1524:Nebraska Biocontainment Patient Care Unit
1399:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
1311:Assistant SECDEF for NCB Defense Programs
430:Sabiá virus (Brazilian hemorrhagic fever)
297:Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus
2209:United States biological weapons program
1332:National Center for Medical Intelligence
1184:United States biological defense program
122:, which were enacted in the wake of the
82:, which were enacted in the wake of the
1868:National Strategy for Homeland Security
1016:Department of Health and Human Services
974:
350:Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) viruses:
1367:National Interagency Biodefense Campus
1236:National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
1638:Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling
1073:CDC/USDA Federal Select Agent Program
357:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
137:. The federal government created the
97:. The federal government created the
7:
1956:Autonomous Pathogen Detection System
1283:Division of Select Agents and Toxins
1261:(Advisory Committee on Bioterrorism)
1259:National Counterproliferation Center
1241:National Bioforensic Analysis Center
909:(contagious caprine pleuropneumonia)
840:Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
285:(excluding South American genotypes)
160:Division of Select Agents and Toxins
1404:Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
1789:Bio-Surveillance Management Office
1455:Homeland Security Research Program
25:Biological select agents or toxins
14:
2124:Global Health Security Initiative
1768:National Biosurveillance Strategy
1465:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
823:Eastern equine encephalitis virus
283:Eastern equine encephalitis virus
2254:Biosecurity in the United States
2160:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
1990:Positive pressure personnel suit
1882:National Disaster Medical System
958:Biosecurity in the United States
892:(Alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1)
748:Peronosclerospora philippinensis
680:Peste des petits ruminants virus
513:Overlap select agents and toxins
2309:Smallpox virus retention debate
2204:United States Army Medical Unit
1730:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
1316:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
1069:"Select Agents and Toxins List"
963:U.S. biological defense program
890:Malignant Catarrhal Fever virus
834:Tick-borne encephalitis viruses
863:Bovine spongiform encephalitis
741:Fungi or fungus-like pathogens
600:Venezuelan equine encephalitis
101:which promotes biosecurity in
45:U.S. Department of Agriculture
1:
2165:1989 California medfly attack
2029:Biological Weapons Convention
1827:Personnel Reliability Program
1560:Epidemic Intelligence Service
1425:Galveston National Laboratory
842:, enzootic subtypes ID and IE
607:USDA select agents and toxins
389:Kyasanur Forest disease virus
1888:Strategic National Stockpile
1439:Integrated Research Facility
1221:DHS Office of Health Affairs
1132:Federal Select Agent Program
790:List of former select agents
426:(Bolivian hemorrhagic fever)
400:South American VHF viruses:
394:Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus
177:HHS select agents and toxins
68:Federal Select Agent Program
1951:Biological Materials MASINT
1864:National Response Framework
1773:Laboratory Response Network
1734:Biological Threat Reduction
1678:Battelle Memorial Institute
940:citrus variegated chlorosis
885:Japanese encephalitis virus
487:Staphylococcal enterotoxins
418:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
272:SARS-associated coronavirus
2356:
2219:Aeromedical Isolation Team
1030:Government Printing Office
825:, South American genotypes
753:Peronosclerospora sacchari
141:to promote biosecurity in
124:September 11, 2001 attacks
84:September 11, 2001 attacks
658:virus (highly pathogenic)
566:Burkholderia pseudomallei
496:2 Type A trichothecenes:
221:Burkholderia pseudomallei
1791:(BMO) (part of JPEO-CBD)
1519:State Health Departments
1503:Local Health Departments
1145:Office of Science Policy
798:Human and overlap agents
783:Synchytrium endobioticum
675:Lumpy skin disease virus
571:Pseudomonas pseudomallei
226:Pseudomonas pseudomallei
2299:Isolation (health care)
2269:Biological warfare (BW)
1642:University of Rochester
1613:Henry L. Stimson Center
691:Swine vesicular disease
465:Clostridium perfringens
444:As of April 2021 these
289:Tick-borne encephalitis
810:Coccidioides posadasii
772:Sclerophthora rayssiae
719:Ralstonia solanacearum
669:Foot-and-mouth disease
644:African horse sickness
279:Encephalitis viruses:
233:Francisella tularensis
191:-producing species of
2294:Entomological warfare
2195:Defunct organizations
2175:Wood Green ricin plot
2079:Project Bioshield Act
2056:Executive Order 13139
1409:Dugway Proving Ground
993:Roos, Robert (2015),
902:Mycoplasma capricolum
765:Pyrenochaeta glycines
727:Rathayibacter toxicus
458:Botulinum neurotoxins
353:African VHF viruses:
248:Rickettsia rickettsii
241:Rickettsia prowazekii
167:List of select agents
2170:2001 anthrax attacks
1838:Medical intelligence
1821:Select Agent Program
1745:Project Clear Vision
918:Vesicular stomatitis
874:Erlichia ruminantium
817:Coccidioides immitis
319:1918 influenza virus
128:2001 anthrax attacks
88:2001 anthrax attacks
60:Select Agent Program
836:, European subtypes
650:African swine fever
626:Mycoplasma mycoides
554:Burkholderia mallei
540:Brucella melitensis
385:Asian VHF viruses:
343:Variola minor virus
337:Variola major virus
209:Burkholderia mallei
126:and the subsequent
86:and the subsequent
2186:2013 ricin letters
2181:2003 ricin letters
1728:, implemented the
1657:George Mason Univ.
932:Xylella fastidiosa
734:Xanthomonas oryzae
559:Pseudomonas mallei
525:Bacillus anthracis
500:Diacetoxyscirpenol
339:* (smallpox virus)
308:Influenza viruses:
214:Pseudomonas mallei
66:)—also called the
2317:
2316:
2264:Biological hazard
2232:
2231:
2110:
2109:
1998:
1997:
1985:Biosafety cabinet
1897:
1896:
1856:Disaster response
1750:Project Jefferson
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1683:SRI International
1585:
1584:
1484:
1483:
1340:
1339:
1056:1918 flu pandemic
760:Phoma glycinicola
698:Newcastle disease
594:Rift Valley fever
446:biological agents
368:Lassa fever virus
202:Coxiella burnetii
21:United States law
2347:
2259:Biological agent
2214:Sunshine Project
2148:
2007:
1908:
1870:(DHS; including
1719:Threat reduction
1716:
1688:Idaho Technology
1627:Brown University
1599:Academic centers
1596:
1493:
1351:
1204:
1195:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1135:
1116:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1065:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1025:Federal Register
1011:
1005:
1004:(18 July issue).
991:
985:
979:
953:Biological agent
858:Bluetongue virus
722:race 3, biovar 2
533:Brucella abortus
118:of 2001 and the
78:of 2001 and the
43:(HHS) or by the
2355:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2289:Decontamination
2274:Biosurveillance
2228:
2196:
2190:
2152:
2151:Past biological
2139:
2116:
2106:
2034:
2017:Geneva Protocol
1994:
1980:Biosafety level
1966:
1934:
1903:
1893:
1850:
1832:
1806:
1760:Biosurveillance
1754:
1740:Project Bacchus
1711:
1697:
1669:
1662:
1601:and think tanks
1600:
1591:
1581:
1528:
1507:
1480:
1413:
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1355:
1346:
1336:
1297:
1264:
1245:
1199:
1186:
1181:
1147:. 7 April 2020.
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1126:
1123:
1107:
1104:
1102:Further reading
1099:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1075:. 26 April 2021
1067:
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1049:
1040:
1039:
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1012:
1008:
992:
988:
980:
976:
971:
949:
927:
913:Sheep Pox virus
907:capripneumoniae
868:Camel Pox virus
849:
800:
792:
743:
714:
709:
656:Avian influenza
640:
621:
616:
609:
580:
520:
515:
442:
332:Monkeypox virus
326:Orthopoxviruses
265:
255:Yersinia pestis
184:
179:
169:
152:
116:USA PATRIOT Act
112:
76:USA PATRIOT Act
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2244:Agro-terrorism
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2237:Related topics
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1972:Biocontainment
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1200:administrative
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1121:External links
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944:
943:
926:
923:
922:
921:
915:
910:
898:
896:Menangle virus
893:
887:
882:
880:Goat Pox virus
877:
870:
865:
860:
855:
848:
845:
844:
843:
837:
831:
826:
820:
813:
806:
799:
796:
791:
788:
787:
786:
779:
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756:
742:
739:
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737:
730:
723:
713:
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703:
702:
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694:
688:
682:
677:
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666:
659:
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647:
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620:
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579:
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562:
550:
543:
536:
529:
519:
516:
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494:
489:
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469:
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455:
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383:
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365:
359:
348:
347:
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334:
323:
322:
321:
317:Reconstructed
315:
305:
304:
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302:
301:
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286:
277:
276:
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264:
261:
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205:
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183:
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111:
108:
35:for short—are
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2352:
2341:
2338:
2336:
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2331:
2328:
2327:
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2302:
2300:
2297:
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2290:
2287:
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2280:
2277:
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2267:
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2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2224:
2220:
2217:
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2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:International
2113:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:and equipment
1900:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
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1825:
1822:
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1809:
1802:
1799:
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1751:
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1577:
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1400:
1397:
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1314:
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1300:
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1284:
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1279:
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1267:
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1254:
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1248:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1191:Organizations
1189:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1090:
1087:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1001:
996:
990:
987:
983:
978:
975:
968:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
941:
937:
934:
933:
929:
928:
924:
919:
916:
914:
911:
908:
904:
903:
899:
897:
894:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
875:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
853:Akabane virus
851:
850:
847:Animal agents
846:
841:
838:
835:
832:
830:
827:
824:
821:
819:
818:
814:
812:
811:
807:
805:
802:
801:
797:
795:
789:
785:
784:
780:
778:
774:
773:
769:
766:
762:
761:
757:
754:
750:
749:
745:
744:
740:
736:
735:
731:
729:
728:
724:
721:
720:
716:
715:
711:
707:
704:
699:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
637:
632:
628:
627:
623:
622:
618:
614:
611:
606:
601:
598:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
577:
572:
568:
567:
563:
560:
556:
555:
551:
549:
548:
547:Brucella suis
544:
542:
541:
537:
535:
534:
530:
527:
526:
522:
521:
517:
512:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:epsilon toxin
467:
466:
462:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
449:
447:
439:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
404:Chapare virus
402:
401:
399:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
384:
379:
378:Marburg virus
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
352:
351:
349:
344:
341:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
327:
324:
320:
316:
314:
311:
310:
309:
306:
299:
296:
293:
292:
290:
287:
284:
281:
280:
278:
273:
270:
269:
268:Coronavirus:
267:
266:
262:
257:
256:
252:
250:
249:
245:
243:
242:
238:
235:
234:
230:
227:
223:
222:
218:
215:
211:
210:
206:
204:
203:
199:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
181:
176:
171:
170:
166:
164:
161:
157:
149:
147:
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
109:
107:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:select agents
31:s)—or simply
30:
26:
22:
2304:Select agent
2303:
2284:CBRN defense
2279:Bioterrorism
2197:and programs
2019:(1925, 1975)
1712:and projects
1592:governmental
1371:Fort Detrick
1356:departmental
1144:
1131:
1111:
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
1050:
1036:
1023:
1009:
998:
989:
981:
977:
935:
930:
925:Plant agents
906:
900:
872:
829:Flexal virus
815:
808:
793:
781:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
732:
725:
717:
705:
630:
624:
612:
584:Hendra virus
570:
569:* (formerly
564:
558:
557:* (formerly
552:
545:
538:
531:
523:
492:Tetrodotoxin
463:
443:
345:* (Alastrim)
307:
253:
246:
239:
231:
225:
224:* (formerly
219:
213:
212:* (formerly
207:
200:
192:
153:
143:life science
132:
113:
103:life science
92:
71:
67:
63:
59:
53:
32:
28:
24:
18:
2340:Biosecurity
2062:Patriot Act
2039:Legislation
1946:Cell CANARY
1930:Respirators
1812:Biosecurity
1693:Phoenix Air
1670:contractors
905:subspecies
663:swine fever
629:subspecies
613:For animals
589:Nipah virus
414:Junin virus
362:Ebola virus
194:Clostridium
2324:Categories
2249:Biodefense
1912:Protection
1902:Technology
1890:(CDC, DHS)
1814:/Biosurety
1803:(Civilian)
1781:(EPA, CDC)
1736:(DoD) plus
1668:Government
1379:(DHHS/DoD)
1328:(JPEO-CBD)
969:References
763:(formerly
706:For plants
685:Rinderpest
661:Classical
472:Conotoxins
373:Lujo virus
274:(SARS-CoV)
189:neurotoxin
187:Botulinum
150:Violations
110:Regulation
37:bio-agents
2153:incidents
1939:Detection
696:Virulent
505:T-2 toxin
482:Saxitoxin
54:The U.S.
2010:Treaties
1963:(JBAIDS)
1925:NBC suit
1787:(GBTI),
1779:BioWatch
1710:Programs
1655:(NCBID;
1489:Response
1418:Civilian
1387:Military
1347:research
1225:BioWatch
1079:27 April
1018:(2012),
947:See also
712:Bacteria
631:mycoides
619:Bacteria
518:Bacteria
182:Bacteria
135:dual use
95:dual use
2144:History
1866:of the
1795:ESSENCE
1533:Federal
1345:Federal
1198:Federal
942:strain)
700:virus 1
638:Viruses
578:Viruses
424:Machupo
263:Viruses
2335:Toxins
2177:(2002)
2136:(2004)
2098:(2006)
2092:(2005)
2081:(2004)
2070:(2002)
2064:(2001)
2058:(1999)
2031:(1972)
2025:(1969)
1884:(DHHS)
1546:, HHS)
1477:(USDA)
1354:Trans-
1128:"Home"
1094:event.
1000:CIDRAP
687:virus*
671:virus*
440:Toxins
49:toxins
19:Under
1829:(DoD)
1823:(CDC)
1797:(DoD)
1775:(CDC)
1578:(CDC)
1572:(CDC)
1512:State
1496:Local
1461:/DHS)
1451:(HHS)
1443:NIAID
1441:(HHS/
1433:NIAID
936:pauca
693:virus
665:virus
652:virus
646:virus
596:virus
477:Ricin
453:Abrin
1920:MOPP
1874:and
1872:NIMS
1801:RODS
1732:and
1590:Non-
1554:USMC
1544:NDMS
1469:USDA
1429:UTMB
1270:DHHS
1081:2021
1002:News
777:zeae
775:var
72:FSAP
29:BSAT
2223:DoD
2003:Law
1876:ICS
1564:CDC
1459:EPA
1303:DoD
1287:CDC
1251:DNI
1208:DHS
156:OIG
64:SAP
2326::
1369:,
1143:.
1130:.
1071:.
1022:,
997:,
328::
130:.
90:.
23:,
2225:)
2221:(
1878:)
1659:)
1644:)
1640:(
1629:)
1625:(
1566:)
1562:(
1556:)
1552:(
1542:(
1471:)
1467:(
1457:(
1445:)
1435:)
1431:/
1427:(
1373:)
1365:(
1289:)
1285:(
1227:)
1176:e
1169:t
1162:v
1134:.
1083:.
1044:.
938:(
767:)
755:)
751:(
573:)
561:)
528:*
460:*
420:)
416:(
380:*
364:*
258:*
236:*
228:)
216:)
197:*
70:(
62:(
27:(
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