373:
they would prefer to create highly or less accurate tasks. This review showed that people are more attracted to taking part in tasks that are more accurate about them than those that are less accurate and would prefer to take part in higher accuracy tests. However, when only being asked if they would like to take part in high or low accuracy tasks does not give a complete accurate view of self-assessment; if there is no threat of actually taking part in the tasks the participants may not be as honest as if they actually had to take part. Brown therefore showed that self-assessment is can be seen when participants are asked to actually take part in tasks that will be high in their accuracy or low in their accuracy of a person's characteristics. This research found that participants were more likely to choose to take part in tasks that were higher in accuracy about their characteristics. The last area of self-assessment
Sedikides and Strube reviewed was whether participants would want to construct highly or less accurate tasks and if participants would be more persistent or more likely to succeed if they were taking part in highly or less accurate tasks. The review showed that participants would prefer to make highly accurate tasks which measured their abilities; however they will be more persistent in tasks which are lower in accuracy. The review also showed though that participants were more likely to succeed on tasks that they were told were high in accuracy. It is suggested that this is because when completing tasks that are highly accurate about a person's characteristics there is more to gain from succeeding in a task as it will therefore give more information about the person's characteristics than if it was low in accuracy.
377:
teased out. This is not to say that self-assessment is not a self-evaluation motive, however most of the experiments conducted by
Sedikides ended up with the participants reflecting on central traits rather than peripheral traits. This is unsurprising as they are the most important traits to a person's self-concept, however it is not therefore surprising that these are the traits that are enhanced rather than assessed as if someone assessed their central traits and found fault it would be more of an issue than finding a fault with a peripheral trait. The fifth experiment carried out by Sedikides shows that self-assessment does exist and is one of the self-evaluation motives; if people didn't self-assess then even in this experiment there would have been no difference between the reflections of those asked to be objective and those who were not. Self-assessment is a difficult motive to assess, as discovered by Sedikides but it is important to self-evaluation as it means that people are able to realize ways in which to improve themselves.
357:
choosing what questions they wanted to be asked they were more likely to request those that would verify their self-concept rather than assess it. This finding supports the idea that certain traits are more central to a person's self-concept, however shows little support for the self-assessment motive. When considering the interaction between how strong and how central certain traits are to a person's self-concept
Sedikides again found evidence in support of the self-verification and self-enhancement motives, though again none for the self-assessment motive.
328:
336:
self-assessment is a way in which self-esteem can be enhanced in the future. For example, self-assessment may mean that in the short-term self-assessment may cause harm to a person's self-concept through realising that they may not have achieved as highly as they may like; however in the long term this may mean that they work harder in order to achieve greater things in the future, and as a result their self-esteem would be enhanced further than where it had been before self-assessment.
369:
group were asked to approach their reflections in an objective way, as if they were approaching their self-concept as a scientist, bringing each of their traits under scrutiny. Results of this study showed that those subjects who were asked to be objective in their assessment strove more for accuracy than those not asked to be specifically objective. The authors then conducted one final experiment looking at the validation of self-enhancement when reflecting on the self.
361:
evidence of some self-verification there was no real evidence pointing towards self-assessment and all the results supported self-enhancement. The third experiment again tried to draw out evidence for self-verification and self-assessment and though, as with experiment two, there was some evidence to support the self-verification motive most of the results pointed towards the self-enhancement method and not self-assessment.
365:
self-concept too much. This experiment therefore looked at whether this was true and whether it was the central traits that were being looked at in this study rather than peripheral. The results showed exactly what
Sedikides expected, though because of this the results of the other parts of the experiment gave support to the self-enhancement motive rather than self-assessment of self-verification.
372:
Sedikides and Strube (1997) reviewed past research into the self-assessment motive and looked at whether participants would be more attracted to tasks that were high or low in accuracy about their characteristics, whether they would choose to take part in tasks that were more or less accurate and if
335:
If through self-assessing there is a possibility that a person's self-concept, or self-esteem is going to be damaged why would this be a motive of self-evaluation, surely it would be better to only self-verify and self-enhance and not to risk damaging self-esteem? Trope in a 1986 paper suggests that
368:
The fifth experiment carried out by
Sedikides suggests that in the past experiments the possibility of self-assessing was less likely than self-verification or self-enhancement as the participants would not have been objective in their self-evaluation. For this experiment therefore the experimental
356:
performed an experiment investigating the roles of each of the self-evaluation motives, investigated if one was stronger and held more weight than others and tried to draw out specifically the self-assessment and self-verification motives. The first experiment conducted the results showed that when
376:
Though self-assessment is one of the self-evaluation motives it could be suggested that it may not be the most popular one. Self-enhancement was displayed in each of the experiments conducted by
Sedikides and self-assessment, and even self-verification to an extent was only displayed when it was
364:
In experiment four
Sedikides suggests that the reason past experiments have not supported self-assessment is because participants reflect more on the central traits than peripheral traits, which are generally ones that are assessed so as to be able to improve at the same time as not harming the
360:
The second experiment conducted by
Sedikides (1993) investigated the possibility that the ability for greater reflection than experiment one may show greater levels of self-assessment in the participants. However the results of this experiment showed that though through some analysis there was
343:
as the two motives seem to contradict each other with opposing aims; whereas the motive to self-assess sees it as important to ensure that the self-concept is accurate the motive to self-enhance sees it as important to boost the self-concept in order to protect it from any negative feedback.
307:. Sedikides (1993) suggests that the self-assessment motive will prompt people to seek information to confirm their uncertain self-concept rather than their certain self-concept and at the same time people use self-assessment to enhance their certainty of their own
315:. Unlike the other two motives, through self-assessment people are interested in the accuracy of their current self view, rather than improving their self-view. This makes self-assessment the only self-evaluative motive that may cause a person's
520:
556:
524:
339:
Within the self-evaluation motives however there are some interesting interactions. Self-assessment is found a lot of the time to be associated with
274:
403:
503:
Self-evaluation: To thine own self be good, to thine own self be sure, to thine own self be true, and to thine own self be better.
20:
716:
711:
308:
52:
267:
88:
296:
203:
140:
540:
Self-Enhancement and Self
Assessment in Achievement Behaviour. In Sorrentino, R.M., & Higgins, E.T. (Ed.)
501:
409:
312:
243:
353:
223:
218:
213:
104:
327:
260:
83:
208:
477:
248:
119:
675:
605:
571:
449:
656:
550:
514:
469:
300:
288:
239:
198:
687:
648:
617:
583:
461:
386:
340:
304:
295:
is the process of looking at oneself in order to assess aspects that are important to one's
182:
606:"Evaluating one's abilities: Shortcuts and stumbling blocks on the road to self-knowledge"
400: – Term for activities used to enhance social relations and define roles within teams
391:
311:. However, the self-assessment motive could be seen as quite different from the other two
177:
114:
450:"Assessment, enhancement, and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process"
109:
705:
691:
621:
587:
397:
161:
30:
481:
62:
316:
135:
67:
652:
636:
465:
57:
660:
637:"Task construction and persistence as means for self-assessment of abilities"
473:
542:
Handbook of motivation and cognition: foundations of social behavior
326:
299:. It is one of the motives that drive self-evaluation, along with
38:
572:"Self-assessment, self-enhancement, and task preference"
495:
493:
491:
331:An early example of the process of self-assessment
505:Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 29,
544:(pp. 350-378). Guidford Press, USA: New York.
394: – Overview of and topical guide to self
268:
8:
641:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
519:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
454:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
555:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
500:Sedikides, C., & Strube, M.J. (1997).,
523:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
275:
261:
25:
680:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
610:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
576:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
421:
231:
190:
169:
148:
127:
96:
75:
44:
37:
676:"Self-assessment and task performance"
635:Trope, Yaacov; Ben-Yair, Ella (1982).
548:
512:
448:Sedikides, Constantine (August 1993).
7:
599:
597:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
427:
425:
406: – Concept in social psychology
404:Self-evaluation maintenance theory
14:
604:Brown, Jonathon D (March 1990).
21:Self-assessment (disambiguation)
199:Personal identity (philosophy)
1:
692:10.1016/0022-1031(82)90050-6
674:Trope, Yaacov (March 1982).
622:10.1016/0022-1031(90)90073-U
588:10.1016/0022-1031(80)90003-7
570:Trope, Yaacov (March 1980).
16:Concept in social psychology
53:Self-knowledge (psychology)
733:
653:10.1037/0022-3514.42.4.637
466:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.317
89:Self-categorization theory
18:
204:Identity (social science)
149:As applied to activities
141:True self and false self
410:Self-evaluation motives
313:self-evaluation motives
244:Respectability politics
332:
224:Social identity threat
219:In-group and out-group
214:Social identity theory
105:Self-perception theory
354:Constantine Sedikides
330:
84:Neural basis of self
19:For other uses, see
717:Conceptions of self
538:Trope, Y. (1986).,
209:Collective identity
712:Evaluation methods
333:
249:Political identity
120:Self-consciousness
301:self-verification
289:social psychology
285:
284:
240:Identity politics
724:
696:
695:
671:
665:
664:
632:
626:
625:
601:
592:
591:
567:
561:
560:
554:
546:
535:
529:
528:
518:
510:
497:
486:
485:
445:
387:Knowledge survey
341:self-enhancement
305:self-enhancement
277:
270:
263:
183:Self-concealment
26:
732:
731:
727:
726:
725:
723:
722:
721:
702:
701:
700:
699:
673:
672:
668:
634:
633:
629:
603:
602:
595:
569:
568:
564:
547:
537:
536:
532:
511:
499:
498:
489:
447:
446:
423:
418:
392:Outline of self
383:
350:
325:
319:to be damaged.
293:self-assessment
281:
178:Self-disclosure
157:Self-assessment
115:Self-reflection
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
730:
728:
720:
719:
714:
704:
703:
698:
697:
686:(2): 201–215.
666:
647:(4): 637–645.
627:
616:(2): 149–167.
593:
582:(2): 116–129.
562:
530:
487:
460:(2): 317–338.
420:
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
407:
401:
395:
389:
382:
379:
349:
346:
324:
321:
309:self-knowledge
283:
282:
280:
279:
272:
265:
257:
254:
253:
252:
251:
246:
234:
233:
229:
228:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
193:
192:
188:
187:
186:
185:
180:
172:
171:
167:
166:
165:
164:
159:
151:
150:
146:
145:
144:
143:
138:
130:
129:
128:Value judgment
125:
124:
123:
122:
117:
112:
110:Self-awareness
107:
99:
98:
94:
93:
92:
91:
86:
78:
77:
73:
72:
71:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
729:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
707:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
670:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
600:
598:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
566:
563:
558:
552:
545:
541:
534:
531:
526:
522:
516:
509:
508:
504:
496:
494:
492:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
432:
430:
428:
426:
422:
415:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
398:Team building
396:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
347:
345:
342:
337:
329:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
278:
273:
271:
266:
264:
259:
258:
256:
255:
250:
247:
245:
241:
238:
237:
236:
235:
230:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
195:
194:
189:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
170:Interpersonal
168:
163:
162:Self-efficacy
160:
158:
155:
154:
153:
152:
147:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
132:
131:
126:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
101:
100:
95:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
74:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
50:
49:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
683:
679:
669:
644:
640:
630:
613:
609:
579:
575:
565:
543:
539:
533:
506:
502:
457:
453:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
351:
338:
334:
292:
286:
156:
63:Self-concept
317:self-esteem
136:Self-esteem
68:Self-schema
706:Categories
416:References
58:Self-image
45:Constructs
661:0022-3514
474:1939-1315
352:In 1993,
323:Functions
97:Processes
551:citation
515:citation
507:209-269.
482:41235384
381:See also
348:Research
297:identity
232:Politics
76:Theories
39:The Self
31:a series
29:Part of
659:
480:
472:
191:Social
478:S2CID
657:ISSN
557:link
525:link
521:link
470:ISSN
303:and
688:doi
649:doi
618:doi
584:doi
462:doi
287:In
708::
684:18
682:.
678:.
655:.
645:42
643:.
639:.
614:26
612:.
608:.
596:^
580:16
578:.
574:.
553:}}
549:{{
517:}}
513:{{
490:^
476:.
468:.
458:65
456:.
452:.
424:^
291:,
242:/
33:on
694:.
690::
663:.
651::
624:.
620::
590:.
586::
559:)
527:)
484:.
464::
276:e
269:t
262:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.