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Quelle Che Non Ci Stanno (feminist and lesbian separatists), NullaOsta (punks), and from 2008, Laboratorio
Smaschieramenti (trans*-feminist-queer). It was evicted on 9 October 2015 by the order of Mayor Virginio Merola. Làbas was occupied in 2012. Young people worked as volunteers to create various projects, such as a vegetable garden, an organic pizzeria, a bike repair workshop, a microbrewery producing organic beer, a volunteer-run creche, and a dormitory for migrants, refugees, and homeless people. The project was evicted in 2017.
178:: Ex Mercato) and it is located at number 24 on Via Aristotile Fioravanti. Activities include the People's Kitchen (a vegan café), the Ampioraggio People's Bike Shop, and the People's Free Gym. It is run by a general assembly which meets every Tuesday. The three defining characteristics of the space are antifascist activism, support for migrant initiatives, and collective self-management. Events such as 'Anti-MTVday,' a farmers' market, and meetings of the Critical Wine network have all been held at the centre. Famous street artist
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284:, was first occupied in December 1990, but quickly evicted. It was then reoccupied in May 1991 by 500 people. The people were from different groups such as homeless and migrant, of all ages. The occupation built upon a previous occupation in 1986, which had lasted six months. Officina refuses any form of legalization and is critical of centres such as Leoncavallo, which have chosen to legalize.
22:
119:
707:"L'assessore Matteo Lepore – recita l'accordo siglato – , in rappresentanza dell'Amministrazione, riconosce l'importanza della progettualità politica, sociale e culturale dello spazio pubblico autogestito XM24 e si impegna a trovare una sede adeguata entro e non oltre il 15 novembre, a partire dalla valutazione degli immobili proposti da XM24".
30:
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communist, or without ideology. This then resulted in a later debate about whether to legalize spaces or not. Legalization denoted two things: firstly, the formation of an association so that the squatter collective could have a legal form; secondly, setting up a rental contract between the city and the project.
300:
The first social centre in Rome was Hai Visto Quinto, created in 1985. Others in this time were Alice nella città, Blitz, Break Out, Ricomincio dal Faro, Intifada, and Zona
Rischio. As of 2014, Rome had many social centre projects, including Acrobax, Angelomai Altrove, Cinema America Occupato, Nuovo
243:
bookshop and library which then became based at the project. When the neighbours in the street made complaints about drug use and noise, the centre was evicted in 1989. It was resquatted, violently evicted, and then reoccupied again. Cox 18 concentrated efforts on making links with the neighbourhood
186:
XM24 was evicted on 6 August 2019. The eviction was resisted, but the protest was called off when negotiations with the city for a new building were successful. The council undertook to provide a new building by 15 November. When this did not happen, the XM24 collective occupied a derelict barracks.
182:
has been connected with the centre since its beginning and supported it in the fight against eviction by painting a huge mural on a neighbouring building which was scheduled to be demolished. The mural was later covered up by Blu in 2016, in order to protest the city council organising an exhibition
99:
What linked these political and cultural projects was the fact that they were squatted, their focus on self-management and self-financing, and the use of the space as a social venue for the local community. The differences tended to stem from whether the project was primarily anarchist, autonomist,
96:. A second wave of social centres began in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with more than 100 projects spread across the country. Two factors which helped the wave spread were the well-publicised eviction resistance (and subsequent resquat) of Leoncavallo in Milan and the Panther student movement.
316:
CSOA Corto
Circuito was a long-running social centre. It was squatted in 1990 and evicted in 2016. Over its lifetime, it experienced two fires, one in 1991 in which a 21-year-old activist, Auro Bruni, lost his life, and one in 2012 which destroyed one of the buildings of the centre. The squatters
170:
Bologna has a reputation for being a centre of left-wing activism, but this has changed as the city gentrified. Atlantide was occupied in 1998 by Tute
Bianche activists and was the last self-managed space in the centre of the city, used by many groups, including Antagonismo Gay (gay separatists),
267:
in June 2012. Over five years until 2017, Macao hosted 2,000 artists making exhibitions, talks, workshops, and musical events. They also held assemblies and ran seminars on the theme of the fair treatment of cultural workers. In 2017, the city council decided it wanted to sell the complex of
84:
were first occupied in the mid-1970s in cities such as Milan by groups of young people, both students and unemployed. The social centres in Milan were used for diverse activities such as concerts, films, yoga classes, discussion groups and counselling for drug addicts.
126:
Legalization can create problems, since forming an association imposes hierarchy on a previously horizontally organized collective and also contracts tend to be for a fixed time period and can be hard to renew. Therefore, in the 2010s, some projects such as
72:
and provide self-organised, self-financing spaces for alternative and noncommercial activities such as concerts, exhibitions, farmers' markets, infoshops, and migrant initiatives. Over time, some but not all projects have opted to legalize their status.
111:: Centro Sociale Autogestito – Self-Managed Social Centre). Owing to these changes, there is no longer just one network of social centres, but several disparate ones. The institutionalized centres such as Leoncavallo then became associated with the
287:
As of 1999, other social centres in Naples included Lo Ska (Laboratorio
Occupato di Sperimentazione e Kultura Antagonista) and DAMM (Diego Armando Maradona Montesanto). Around 2012, a social centre called Mezzocannone Occupato was formed. The
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therefore rebuilt the structure, using permaculture principles. They did not get the correct permits and the authorities used this as a reason to evict. The eviction operation sealed off the neighbourhood and featured 200 police agents and
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From small numbers of social centres in the 1980s, in the 1990s there were around 120. By 2006, it was estimated there were 150 across the entire country, with many clustered in Milan, Rome, and Turin.
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buildings known as
Ortomercato (which includes the Macao site) for redevelopment. Macao asked to be able to buy the building for themselves. The group submitted a proposal endorsed by the German
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political party formed in 2017 as a left-wing coalition that included some social centres, such as the
Neapolitan "Je so' pazzo" Ex OPG ("I am crazy" Ex Asylum) social centre.
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858:
Membretti, Andrea (2007). "Autorappresentanza e partecipazione locale negoziata nei centri sociali autogestiti. Milano ed il CSA Cox 18". In Vitale, T.; Angeli, F. (eds.).
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From 1993 onwards, some squats began legalization processes and others did not. The social centres which did legalize successfully then changed their title from ‘CSOA’ (
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is a refugee squat occupied in 2009 that took the unusual step of opening a contemporary art gallery in 2012 as a means for the artists to support the squatters.
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Occupato (Rome), XM24 (Bologna), and Macao (Milan), have attempted to promote new, more flexible forms of legalization, with varying degrees of success.
199:, first squatted in 2003, offered open space for exercise, sports, art workshops, and other cultural events. It was raided and evicted on 30 July 2024.
686:
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974:
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XM24 is a social centre which has existed since 2002, although its roots come from an earlier squatted social centre. 'XM' means 'Ex Market' (
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1403:
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1337:
1306:
1275:
1244:
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1355:
Membretti, Andrea (2007). "Autorappresentanza e partecipazione locale negoziata nei centri sociali autogestiti. Milano ed il CSA Cox 18".
874:
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1505:
330:
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was squatted in 1975 and houses the
Ambulatorio Medico Popolare, a free medical clinic that had treated over 5,000 people by 2018.
1168:
Marini, Alessia; Mudu, Pierpaolo (2016). "Radical Urban
Horticulture for Food Autonomy: Beyond the Community Gardens Experience".
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was first occupied in 1975. The still-extant centre defines itself as of 2019 as 'Leoncavallo Self-Managed Public Space' (
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2464:
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social centre was born in 1988 in a building squatted in 1976. It is a three-storey complex located at
Conchetta 18, in
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81:
57:
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Piazza, Gianni (2016). "Squatting Social Centres in a Sicilian City: Liberated Spaces and Urban Protest Actors".
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2314:
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2096:
1937:
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Mudu, Pierpaolo (2004). "Resisting and Challenging Neoliberalism: The Development of Italian Social Centers".
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1972:
1498:
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694:
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is an old fort in Rome which was squatted on 1 May 1986. It is a huge site which hosts a range of projects.
269:
417:
Montagna, Nicola (2006). "The de-commodification of urban space and the occupied social centres in Italy".
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called 'Street Art: Banksy & Co: L’Arte allo Stato Urbano,' which used Blu's works without permission.
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747:"Lsoa Buridda, l'ironia contro l'ipotesi di un nuovo sgombero. L'Università: "Un tavolo per evitarlo""
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Posse italiane: centri sociali, underground musicale e cultura giovanile degli anni '90 in Italia
905:"In a Fight for the Soul of Milan, Artist-Occupiers Face Off Against Developers and City Council"
591:"Social Centres as Spaces of Participation: Expression of Solidarity with Làbas, Bologna (Italy)"
442:
3002:
802:
150:. In the 1990s, the rap group Assalti Frontali built a recording studio at Forte Prenestino and
1197:"Roma, sgomberato il Corto circuito a Cinecittà. Ma gli attivisti rientrano nel centro sociale"
158:. The presence of a local university tends to be a factor in the creation of a social centre.
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Centri sociali: geografie del desiderio : dati, statistiche, progetti, mappe, divenire
3022:
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2101:
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1812:
1744:
1734:
232:
147:
1413:
Ruggiero, Vincenzo (May 2000). "New Social Movements and the 'Centri Sociali' in Milan".
624:
187:
The council responded by announcing a plan to demolish the barracks and to build a park.
536:
430:
107:: Centro Sociale Occupato Autogestito – Self-Managed Squatted Social Centre), to ‘CSA’ (
40:
exist in many cities. They are part of different left-wing political networks including
2797:
2790:
2745:
1967:
1942:
1932:
1886:
1666:
1267:
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district before being evicted, and afterwards they squatted a former slaughterhouse in
236:
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1891:
1817:
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1769:
1749:
1651:
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544:
446:
560:"Bologna's latest eviction threatens to whitewash the 'red' city's political legacy"
92:(Workers' Autonomy) and suffered when social movements were repressed following the
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for 10 days under the name Macao. Next, they squatted the Palazzo Cittiero in the
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In nome di chi? partecipazione e rappresentanza nelle mobilitazioni locali
118:
1797:
1711:
1514:
1236:
493:
Wright, Steve (2000). "'A Love Born of Hate' – Autonomist Rap in Italy".
252:
220:
175:
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108:
104:
69:
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Movimenti nella città : gruppi in conflitto nella metropoli europea
1027:
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2604:
2187:
2030:
1952:
1792:
1754:
1614:
1576:
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506:
464:"Social centres and the struggle for a different model of legalisation"
375:
2972:
1636:
1044:"Mezzocannone, "villaggio" occupato (bar compreso) – Guarda il video"
1017:
1001:"Centri sociali: occupazioni autogestite a Napoli negli anni novanta"
1000:
281:
224:
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1827:
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1671:
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1395:
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1298:
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146:. They have also provided a fertile breeding ground for homegrown
117:
29:
28:
20:
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Zapata Foresti, Giulia; Casey, Sean Patrick (14 September 2014).
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2207:
1696:
1609:
2243:
1487:
1454:
Il cerchio e la saetta: autogestioni nello spazio metropolitano
1231:
Branzaglia, Carlo; Pacoda, Pierfrancesco; Solaro, Alba (1992).
1264:
Piccolo atlante storico geografico dei centri sociali italiani
135:
2239:
1483:
1326:
Centri sociali di destra: occupazioni e culture non conformi
656:"Blu v Bologna: new shades of grey in the street art debate"
875:"L'ambulatorio a Milano che cura migranti e senza dimora"
829:"Le attività del Leoncavallo Spazio Pubblico Autogestito"
779:[Buridda Genova, eviction of the social center].
687:"XM24 dopo lo sgombero: il punto di vista dei residenti"
138:
venues for many alternative forms of music, including
2636:
Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now
1129:"Squatting: Reappropriating democracy from the state"
860:
Partecipazione e rappresentanza nei movimenti urbani
805:["They are evicting us", Buridda's appeal].
2940:
2754:
2618:
2277:
2155:
2134:
2084:
2008:
1999:
1910:
1854:
1843:
1727:
1557:
Centre International de Recherches sur l'Anarchisme
1549:
1542:
1529:
Centre International de Recherches sur l'Anarchisme
1521:
749:[Lsoa Buridda, irony of a new eviction.].
625:"XM24: survival and inspiration against all odds"
336:Self-managed social centres in the United Kingdom
321:, 50 municipal police, and 3 fire brigade teams.
803:""Ci stanno sgomberando", l'appello del Buridda"
777:"Buridda Genova, lo sgombero del centro sociale"
223:: Leoncavallo Spazio Pubblico Autogestito). The
33:Entrance to Zapata social centre in Genoa, 2015
2255:
2026:Bound Together Anarchist Collective Bookstore
1499:
115:(White Overalls) movement of the late 1990s.
8:
458:
456:
255:: Lavoratori dell’arte) first occupied the
16:Self-organised autonomous projects in Italy
2262:
2248:
2240:
2005:
1851:
1546:
1506:
1492:
1484:
618:
616:
412:
410:
1026:
1016:
898:
896:
721:"Ex caserma Sani occupata sotto sgombero"
391:Twentieth-century Italy: A social history
1127:Aureli, Andrea; Mudu, Pierpaolo (2017).
1071:"La galassia a sinistra del Pd di Renzi"
994:
992:
357:
355:
353:
351:
2701:Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca
347:
25:Askatasuna social centre in Turin, 2016
685:Scarcella, Antonella (8 August 2019).
654:Vimercati, Vimercati (17 March 2016).
518:
516:
239:, and Calusca, the last being a local
88:They often affiliated themselves with
977:from the original on 9 September 2015
7:
1149:from the original on 31 October 2020
1042:Chetta, Alessandro (21 March 2014).
154:were associated with Officina 99 in
38:Self-managed social centres in Italy
2741:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
1195:Giannoli, Viola (13 October 2016).
934:Kakaire, Christine (25 July 2017).
558:Patrick, Darren (14 October 2015).
331:List of self-managed social centers
244:and this ensured its survival. The
2716:Squatters' Action for Secure Homes
1207:from the original on 25 April 2019
1069:Paolo Martini (13 December 2017).
967:"Living In The Heart of the Beast"
946:from the original on 25 April 2019
915:from the original on 24 April 2019
873:Ghiglione, Giorgio (2 July 2018).
839:from the original on 25 April 2019
666:from the original on 25 April 2019
635:from the original on 25 April 2019
570:from the original on 25 April 2019
474:from the original on 24 April 2019
251:A group called 'The Art Workers' (
14:
2691:Ontario Coalition Against Poverty
1452:Tiddi, Andrea; Legoprint (1997).
1108:from the original on 3 April 2019
231:. Its influences were originally
3051:
3050:
2225:
2224:
757:from the original on 20 May 2016
545:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2004.00461.x
280:CSOA Officina 99 in Gianturco,
2681:National Union of the Homeless
2631:Advisory Service for Squatters
1872:Autonomous Centre of Edinburgh
1:
1897:London Action Resource Centre
1096:M, Sharon (25 January 2014).
495:Theory, Culture & Society
134:Social centres provide cheap
2711:Revolutionary Housing League
2036:Camas Bookstore and Infoshop
1324:Di Tullio, Domenico (2006).
936:"Macao: Collective activism"
3077:Self-managed social centers
2847:No Land! No House! No Vote!
1390:Ruggiero, Vincenzo (2000).
903:Watson, Mike (5 May 2017).
753:(in Italian). 19 May 2016.
82:Self-managed social centres
3113:
2671:Landless Workers' Movement
2656:Homeless Workers' Movement
2193:Self-managed social centre
2122:Old Market Autonomous Zone
1833:Vrijplaats Koppenhinksteeg
1632:Centro Sociale Leoncavallo
809:(in Italian). 30 July 2024
783:(in Italian). 29 July 2024
389:Dunnage, Jonathan (2002).
211:Inside Leoncavallo in 2007
3046:
2917:The Strategy of the Snail
2221:
2117:Iron Rail Book Collective
1293:Consorzio Aaster (1996).
439:10.1080/13604810600980663
217:Leoncavallo social centre
2868:Squatting the real story
2097:Brian MacKenzie Infoshop
1938:Bloomsbury Social Centre
1567:Kulturzentrum Bremgarten
1048:Corriere del Mezzogiorno
999:Dines, Nicholas (1999).
2910:The Silverado Squatters
1973:Wapping Autonomy Centre
1429:10.1111/1467-954X.00210
1416:The Sociological Review
1262:Calia, Claudio (2014).
2882:The Cambridge Squatter
2112:Internationalist Books
1005:Quaderni di Sociologia
965:Wright, Steve (1996).
470:. Struggles in Italy.
212:
123:
65:
34:
26:
2646:Eurodusnie Collective
2626:Abahlali baseMjondolo
2213:Intentional Community
1590:Syndikalistiskt Forum
1562:Ernst-Kirchweger-Haus
1460:: Costa & Nolan.
311:CSOA Forte Prenestino
210:
121:
32:
24:
2993:Occupation (protest)
2805:In Krakende Welstand
2696:Picture the Homeless
2051:Interference Archive
1963:Spike Surplus Scheme
1948:DIY Space for London
1367:. pp. 163–184.
1328:(in Italian). Rome:
301:Cinema Palazzo, and
270:Mietshäuser Syndikat
122:Teatro Valle in Rome
2896:The Harvest Gypsies
2726:The City is For All
2300:Antigua and Barbuda
2056:Lucy Parsons Center
973:. Black Flag #209.
727:on 27 December 2019
537:2004Antip..36..917M
431:2006City...10..295M
290:Power to the People
3092:Squatting in Italy
2948:Adverse possession
2903:The Legacy of Luna
2889:The Good Terrorist
2721:Take Back the Land
2666:Justice Not Crisis
2230:Category:Infoshops
2041:Civic Media Center
1958:Really Free School
1780:Kunsthaus Tacheles
1182:10.1111/anti.12284
507:10.1111/anti.12284
376:10.1111/anti.12286
213:
124:
35:
27:
3064:
3063:
2998:Pavement dwellers
2931:We, the Invisible
2861:Squatter's Rights
2763:A Squatter's Tale
2651:Exodus Collective
2360:England and Wales
2237:
2236:
2163:Alternative media
2130:
2129:
2107:Catalyst Infoshop
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1823:De Blauwe Aanslag
1717:Eskalera Karakola
1627:Cascina Torchiera
1467:978-88-7648-262-5
1405:978-88-339-1268-4
1374:978-88-464-8540-3
1339:978-88-7615-105-7
1308:978-88-86926-01-0
1277:978-88-97555-82-7
1246:978-88-7209-022-0
589:Mainfray, Anais.
246:T28 social centre
215:The self-managed
90:Autonomia Operaia
3104:
3082:Culture of Italy
3054:
3053:
2924:Two Up, Two Down
2833:Miracle in Milan
2731:The Land is Ours
2706:Reclaim The City
2264:
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2173:Community centre
2006:
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1765:Patio Maravillas
1642:Forte Prenestino
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1018:10.4000/qds.1404
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940:Resident Advisor
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818:
816:
814:
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
743:
737:
736:
734:
732:
723:. Archived from
716:
710:
709:
704:
702:
697:on 9 August 2019
693:. Archived from
682:
676:
675:
673:
671:
651:
645:
644:
642:
640:
620:
611:
610:
608:
606:
601:on 24 April 2019
597:. Archived from
586:
580:
579:
577:
575:
555:
549:
548:
520:
511:
510:
490:
484:
483:
481:
479:
460:
451:
450:
414:
405:
404:
386:
380:
379:
359:
144:Italian hardcore
3112:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3087:Italian hip hop
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3042:
3023:Squatters union
3003:Pueblos jóvenes
2936:
2750:
2661:Homes Not Jails
2614:
2520:Solomon Islands
2273:
2268:
2238:
2233:
2217:
2151:
2126:
2102:The Brick House
2080:
2071:Spartacus Books
2046:Firestorm Books
2001:
1987:
1906:
1846:
1839:
1789:Czech Republic
1745:La Ingobernable
1723:
1538:
1517:
1512:
1482:
1468:
1451:
1412:
1406:
1398:: Boringhieri.
1389:
1375:
1354:
1340:
1323:
1309:
1292:
1278:
1270:: BeccoGiallo.
1261:
1247:
1230:
1226:
1224:Further reading
1221:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1098:"Occupied Rome"
1095:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1036:
998:
997:
990:
980:
978:
964:
963:
959:
949:
947:
933:
932:
928:
918:
916:
902:
901:
894:
884:
882:
872:
871:
867:
857:
856:
852:
842:
840:
827:
826:
822:
812:
810:
801:
800:
796:
786:
784:
775:
774:
770:
760:
758:
745:
744:
740:
730:
728:
718:
717:
713:
700:
698:
684:
683:
679:
669:
667:
653:
652:
648:
638:
636:
622:
621:
614:
604:
602:
588:
587:
583:
573:
571:
557:
556:
552:
522:
521:
514:
492:
491:
487:
477:
475:
462:
461:
454:
416:
415:
408:
401:
388:
387:
383:
361:
360:
349:
344:
327:
298:
278:
205:
193:
168:
148:Italian hip hop
79:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3110:
3108:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2941:Related topics
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2798:Garbage Dreams
2794:
2791:Emergency Exit
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2746:Zone to Defend
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
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2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
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2648:
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2638:
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2628:
2622:
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2607:
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2597:
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2587:
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2557:
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2407:
2402:
2397:
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2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:Czech Republic
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
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2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1978:Warzone Centre
1975:
1970:
1968:St Agnes Place
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1943:Centro Iberico
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1787:
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1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1667:Landbouwbelang
1664:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1481:
1480:
1466:
1456:(in Italian).
1449:
1423:(2): 167–185.
1410:
1404:
1394:(in Italian).
1387:
1373:
1359:(in Italian).
1352:
1338:
1321:
1307:
1297:(in Italian).
1290:
1276:
1268:Ponte di Piave
1266:(in Italian).
1259:
1245:
1235:(in Italian).
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1187:
1176:(2): 549–573.
1160:
1142:(1): 497–521.
1119:
1088:
1061:
1034:
1011:(21): 90–111.
988:
957:
926:
892:
879:Internazionale
865:
850:
820:
807:genovatoday.it
794:
768:
738:
711:
677:
646:
612:
581:
550:
531:(5): 917–941.
512:
501:(3): 117–135.
485:
452:
425:(3): 295–304.
406:
399:
381:
370:(2): 498–522.
346:
345:
343:
340:
339:
338:
333:
326:
323:
297:
294:
277:
274:
237:trade unionism
229:Porta Ticinese
204:
201:
192:
189:
167:
164:
78:
75:
66:centri sociali
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3109:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3039:
3038:Villa miseria
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
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2907:
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2904:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
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2883:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2854:Shadow Cities
2851:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2840:Night Lodgers
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
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2639:
2637:
2634:
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2629:
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2624:
2623:
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2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:United States
2578:
2575:
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2568:
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2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
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2328:
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2318:
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2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
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2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:Temporary use
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
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2161:
2160:
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2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2120:
2118:
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2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
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2090:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
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2069:
2067:
2064:
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2059:
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2049:
2047:
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2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:Bluestockings
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
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1971:
1969:
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1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Bank of Ideas
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:Freedom Press
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1786:
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1778:
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1775:Seomra Spraoi
1773:
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1678:
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1600:
1596:
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1583:
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1568:
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1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1477:
1473:
1469:
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1459:
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1411:
1407:
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1397:
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1376:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
993:
989:
976:
972:
968:
961:
958:
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
914:
910:
909:Hyperallergic
906:
899:
897:
893:
880:
876:
869:
866:
862:(in Italian).
861:
854:
851:
838:
834:
830:
824:
821:
808:
804:
798:
795:
782:
778:
772:
769:
756:
752:
748:
742:
739:
726:
722:
715:
712:
708:
696:
692:
691:Bologna Today
688:
681:
678:
665:
661:
657:
650:
647:
634:
630:
629:Roar Magazine
626:
619:
617:
613:
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592:
585:
582:
569:
565:
561:
554:
551:
546:
542:
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444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
413:
411:
407:
402:
400:9780582292789
396:
393:. Routledge.
392:
385:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
358:
356:
354:
352:
348:
341:
337:
334:
332:
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314:
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308:
304:
295:
293:
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149:
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137:
132:
130:
120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
101:
97:
95:
94:Years of Lead
91:
86:
83:
76:
74:
71:
68:) tend to be
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
31:
23:
19:
3033:Tree sitting
3008:Rooftop slum
2988:Homelessness
2953:Asentamiento
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
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