54:
39:
31:
362:
Companies large enough to have mainframes and use BI, having departments with analysts and other specialists, have people doing this work full-time. Selfsourcing, in such situations, is taking people away from their main job (such as designing ads, creating surveys, planning advertising campaigns);
503:
Knowledge workers may not have supervisors who are aware that, as time goes on, changes will be needed and these compartmentalized systems will require the help of IT specialists. Knowledge workers will usually lack experience with planning for these changes and the ability to adapt their work for
154:
a patent for a "self-serving store." Saunders invited his customers to collect the goods they wanted to buy from the store and present them to a cashier, rather than having the store employee consult a list presented by the customer, and collect the goods. Saunders licensed the business method to
319:
When desktop personal computers became nearly as widely distributed as having a work phone, in companies having a data processing department, the PC was often unlinked to the corporate mainframe, and data was keyed in from printouts. Software was for do-it-yourself/selfsourcing, including
53:
302:
Various terms have been used to describe end user self service, when someone who is not a professional programmer programs, codes, scripts, writes macros, and in other ways uses a computer in a user-directed data processing accomplishment, such as
433:
Step-by-step details preclude formal documentation, time and resources are concentrated, whereas working with other IT specialists would be less efficient. Selfsourcing is usually faster for smaller projects that do not require the full
179:
to facilitate customer service interactions using automation. Self-service software and self-service apps (for example online banking apps, web portals with shops, self-service check-in at the airport) become increasingly common.
257:
In 1994 it was considered a radical change to propose permitting self-service at the gas pumps, in Japan, and the New York Times reported that "the push .. (came) from
Japanese big business ... trying to cut costs."
377:
It is crucial for the system's purposes and goals to be aligned with that of the organizational goals. Developing a system that contradicts organizational goals will most likely lead to a reduction in sales and
204:, and where permitted involve benefits to the person doing the work, such as job & personal satisfaction, even though tradeoffs are frequently involved, including long term losses to the company.
91:
Note has been made how paid labor has been replaced with unpaid labor, and how reduced professionalism and distractions from primary duties have reduced value obtained from employees' time.
519:
Although departmental computing has decades of history, one-person-show situations either suffer from inability to interact with a helpdesk or fail to benefit from wheels already invented.
234:
An early use of the term is a 2005 HRO Today article titled "Insourcing, Outsourcing? How about Self-sourcing?" that mined
Knowledge's history of a pair of banks that merged decades ago as
385:
Knowledge workers must also determine what kind of external support they will require. In-house IT specialists can be a valuable commodity and are often included in the planning process.
212:
When a loan officer is asked to "self-source" they're taking on a responsibility that's not one of the top seven "Loan
Officer Job Duties" listed by a major job placement service.
215:
A situation where no payment is made is self-service, such as airport check-in kiosks and checkout machines. International borders have also experimented with traveler-assisted
491:
Hardware and software opportunities are not analyzed sufficiently, and efficient alternatives may not be noticed and utilized. This can lead to inefficient and costly systems.
388:
It is important to document how the system works, to ensure that if the developing knowledge workers move on others can use it and even attempt to make needed updates.
1013:
962:
363:
pairs of people, one from an analysis group and another from a "user" group, is the way the company wants to operate. Selfsourcing is not viewed as an improvement.
1573:
1180:
1490:
191:
is a term describing informal and often unpaid labor that benefits the owner of the facility where it is done by replacing paid labor with unpaid labor.
600:, transportation, hospitality, healthcare, cannabis, and more. They serve applications like self-ordering, check-in, ticketing, wayfinding, and more.
1136:
382:. As well, due to the large amount of time it may take for development, it is important allocate your time efficiently as time is valuable.
792:
417:
This eliminates involving a separate IT specialist to cater for what they want. There is a greater chance for user short-term satisfaction.
475:
potentially good ideas are lost. These incomplete projects, after consuming many hours, often draw workers away from their primary duties.
883:
1510:
197:(without a dash) is a subset thereof, and refers to developing computer software intended for use by the person doing the development.
1366:
Welcome to The New York Times Self-Service Ad Portal, the all-in-one place where you can reserve and submit your print and online ads
1684:
1384:
905:
481:
These often form a privatized IT system, with poor integration to corporate systems. Data silos may violate policy and even privacy/
332:. Use of spreadsheets, the most popular End-user development tool, was estimated in 2005 to done by 13 million American employees.
1225:
1197:
1074:
249:
banned customers from doing this in 1949; now NJ is the only state "where drivers are not allowed to pump their own gasoline."
1674:
743:
1405:
1450:
890:
Proceedings of the extended abstracts of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI EA '14
982:
At best it's hinted at further down with a mention of "maintaining personal networks" as part of professional development
1679:
72:, which are not limited to banks, and customer-operated supermarket check-out, labor-saving which has been described as
709:
538:- even in a "paperless office" individual office workers use scotch tape dispensers, staplers and staple-removers. The
1028:
1054:
1558:
216:
151:
115:
1289:
992:
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Some knowledge workers involved in selfsourcing do not have experience or expertise with IT tools, resulting in:
94:
For decades, laws have been passed both facilitating and preventing self-pumping of gas and other self-service.
862:
Justices To Test
Patents for Business Methods, Wall Street Journal, November 9, 2009, Marketplace Section, p.B1
617:
461:
Pride of ownership has been found to be a major cause of overlooking errors. A 1992 study showed that because
261:
122:(ATMs) in the banking world have also revolutionized how people withdraw and deposit funds; most stores in the
119:
69:
43:
102:
Self-service is the practice of serving oneself, usually when purchasing items. Common examples include many
1699:
1689:
1345:
whose support personnel, in documenting their work, require project write-ups to allow handing off "tickets"
623:
399:
are often exactly aware of their immediate needs, and can avoid formalizations and time needed for project
1247:
348:
1470:
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1268:
581:
400:
356:
818:
138:-style restaurants, where the customer serves their own plate of food from a large, central selection.
485:
laws. Uncontrolled and duplicate information can become stale, leading to more problems than benefits.
1694:
1530:
Bontis, Nick; Dragonetti, Nicola C; Jacobsen, Kristine; Roos, Göran (1999). "The knowledge toolbox".
769:
Martha E. Gimenez (December 1, 2007). "Self-Sourcing: How
Corporations Get Us to Work Without Pay!".
597:
565:
435:
308:
81:
1601:
1276:
Lack of documentation for applications ... testing and documentation of end user developed software.
1162:
Applications created by end users can ... IBI's new data access tool, Focus
Reporter for Windows ...
530:
are offered to professionals as well as laymen. Among the basic examples of various categories are:
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911:
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593:
379:
340:
304:
235:
85:
1090:
325:
901:
888:
Teevan, Jaime; Liebling, Daniel J.; Lasecki, Walter S. (2014). "Selfsourcing personal tasks".
739:
644:
276:
oney, which refers to a company with that name; the technology began over half-a-century ago.
1108:
Alistair
Sutcliffe (July 2005). "Evaluating the costs and benefits of end-user development".
932:
574:
of these exist both for locally stored (desktop computer) programs and internet/cloud-based.
1539:
1328:
1117:
893:
626: – Information systems supporting business or organizational decision-making activities
611:
535:
424:
396:
336:
288:
147:
647: – Computer terminal that provides access to information, communication, commerce etc.
1495:
1211:
871:
683:
665:
585:
462:
344:
223:
130:
in the store, placing the items they want to buy into the cart and then proceeding to the
103:
58:
1657:
Stephen Haag, Maeve
Cummings, Donald McCubbrey, Alain Pinsonneault and Richard Donovan
771:
677:
671:
577:
466:
296:
172:
1543:
1668:
1252:
Inadequate expertise leads to underdeveloped systems ... Lack of organizational focus
650:
629:
561:
291:
with minimal contribution from IT specialists, and has been described as essentially
156:
131:
127:
123:
73:
915:
1515:
797:
239:
77:
423:
Pride and self-push will add desire for completion, sense of ownership and higher
1153:
733:
686: – Machine which automatically dispenses products to customers after payment
226:
department is partially bypassed by departments that "source talent themselves."
659:
456:
321:
292:
632: – Computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert
343:
arrived, more data was available, and it was more current. Techniques such as
311:. In the 1990s, Windows versions of mainframe packages were already available.
264:
are another example, and their expansion beyond banks have led to signs saying
635:
620: – Electronic telecommunications device to perform financial transactions
246:
111:
68:
is the practice of serving oneself, usually when making purchases. Aside from
38:
17:
1659:
Third
Canadian Edition Management Information Systems for the Information Age
1121:
897:
514:
245:
The concept is similar to self-service, and one USA example is pumping gas:
1319:
Warren
Harrison (July–August 2004). "The Dangers of End-User Programming".
819:"New Jersey Is Last State to Insist at Gas Stations: Don't Touch That Pump"
497:
End users, as a group, do not understand how to build secure applications.
427:. Increased morale can be infectious and lead to benefits in other areas.
107:
465:"tends to produce output even in the presence of errors" there is "user
110:
rather than have an attendant do it (full service is required by law in
1332:
668: – Economic and social systems that enable shared access to assets
638: – Contracting formerly internal tasks to an external organization
549:
hand-operated tools - screwdrivers, pliers, wrenches, hammers, handsaws
30:
1581:
The 2012 IEEE International Conference on Services Economics (SE 2012)
1574:"Internet-Based Self-Services: from Analysis and Design to Deployment"
662: – Unpaid labor as a complement of industrial labour and services
135:
1602:"Electronic Pay Stubs: A Report to the Governor and the Legislature"
838:
1355:
584:, including providing employees with tools for skill building and
568:, both in finding stored information and in entering new content.
482:
352:
329:
176:
168:
52:
37:
29:
1014:"Self-Sourcing 101- Understanding the Next Big Thing in Staffing"
674: – Vending machine that produces paper or electronic tickets
1511:"Qlik Sense vs. Tableau: Self-service analytics tools compared"
1137:"Data warehousing and the mainframe, another rumor put to rest"
295:
development effort to the end user. At times they use in-house
653: – Machine for customers to complete a retail transaction
1000:
DNI.gov (USA Office of the Director of National Intelligence)
1423:
1421:
1227:
Data Management, Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
596:- interactive kiosks have become common in industries like
155:
independent grocery stores; these operated under the name "
680: – Retail concept in which no employees staff a store
552:
mechanized/power hand-held tools - power drill, power saw
287:
is the internal development and support of IT systems by
242:, rebuilt its personnel department in an innovative way.
118:, but is the exception rather than the rule elsewhere).
1290:"The State of the Art in End-User Software Engineering"
872:
http://www.itif.org/files/2010-self-service-economy.pdf
655:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
640:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
793:"The problem with the end-user computing environment"
703:
701:
1212:"data silo Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia"
1029:"Insourcing, Outsourcing? How about Self-sourcing?"
1269:"An Investigation of End User Development Success"
1091:"Happy 50th birthday, ATM, you've come a long way"
1491:"GoDaddy Revamps BI Tools To Enable Self-Service"
1179:Margaret M. Burnett; Christopher Scaffidi. "10".
1262:
1260:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1198:"Empowering Users to Create Their Own Software"
1174:
1172:
1170:
1182:The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction
750:One person may supervise 4-6 or more stations
407:or need for managerial/supervisory signoffs.
351:reduced rekeying. Mainframe products such as
114:, urban parts of Oregon, most of Mexico, and
8:
950:responsible for self-sourcing mortgage loans
786:
784:
782:
727:
725:
1356:"The New York Times Self-Service Ad Portal"
933:"Post a Job, Find a Job, Get Career Advice"
927:
925:
564:represent areas of functionality used for
27:Practice of serving oneself when shopping
1309:are sometimes called HIPPA/...Privacy...
1148:
1146:
817:Jonah Engel Bromwich (January 5, 2018).
812:
810:
808:
764:
762:
760:
758:
299:systems, which often run on mainframes.
1631:"5 Common Types of Self-Service Kiosks"
1428:M. R. Montgomery (September 10, 2000).
1404:Brendan I Koerner (December 24, 2006).
1385:"The Attachment That Still Makes Noise"
697:
222:Another situation is where a company's
1559:"Self Service Scored In Recent Survey"
1110:ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes
1076:Cardtronics to Acquire Access to Money
1055:"2 Rooms, River View, A.T.M. in Lobby"
710:"Japan's Radical Plan: Self-Serve Gas"
614: – Self-service standalone kiosks
359:(BI) software became more widespread.
791:Peter Bendor-Samuel (March 8, 2017).
106:, where the customer pumps their own
7:
1572:Jorge Cardoso; John Miller (2012).
1305:The 1996 law is HIPAA; the Privacy
1053:David F. Galladher (June 6, 2002).
1027:Jay Whitehead (December 10, 2005).
884:Association for Computing Machinery
488:Lack of design alternative analysis
369:was an earlier term in this space.
1246:Sanmitra A. Bhatkar (2017-03-24).
430:Performance in systems development
414:Improved requirement determination
25:
1661:Mcgraw-Hill Ryerson, Canada, 2006
1406:"A Stapler That Doesn't Sweat It"
1383:Phyllis Korkki (March 23, 2013).
1196:Hornsby, Peter (August 3, 2009).
1135:William Favero (March 15, 2011).
735:Keys to Terrific Customer Service
1609:Osc.state.ny.us (New York State)
1451:"10 Tools for Basic Home Repair"
708:Andrew Pollack (July 14, 1994).
542:mentions their applicability to
200:Both situations have aspects of
76:, there is the latter's subset,
1288:AMY J. KO; et al. (2012).
1449:Doug Mahoney (July 17, 2020).
1:
1557:Beal, Barney (May 18, 2005).
1544:10.1016/S0263-2373(99)00019-5
478:Lack of organizational focus
126:, where the customer uses a
1532:European Management Journal
1471:"Possessed: Drill Spotting"
1160:. May 9, 1994. p. 39.
355:were ported to the PC, and
1716:
560:- the individual parts of
512:
142:Patentable business method
116:Richmond, British Columbia
1154:"Focus on End User tools"
963:"Loan Officer Job Duties"
410:Additional benefits are:
262:Automatic Teller Machines
167:Self-service is over the
120:Automatic Teller Machines
70:Automated Teller Machines
46:buffet restaurant in the
1685:Decision support systems
993:"Contactless Biometrics"
618:Automated teller machine
472:Lost hours and potential
469:in program correctness."
230:History of self-sourcing
217:fingerprint verification
208:Doing someone else's job
1122:10.1145/1082983.1083241
898:10.1145/2559206.2581181
624:Decision support system
420:Increased participation
1248:"End User Development"
892:. pp. 2527–2532.
839:"GasBuddy Help Center"
324:, programs written in
134:counter/aisles; or at
62:
50:
35:
1675:Software distribution
582:employee self-service
500:Lack of documentation
401:cost/benefit analysis
357:Business Intelligence
56:
41:
33:
566:knowledge management
448:Inadequate expertise
328:or, somewhat later,
309:End user development
82:End-user development
80:and a related pair:
34:Self-service fueling
1680:Information systems
1611:. February 12, 2009
1430:"Turn of the screw"
594:self-service kiosks
436:development process
207:
163:Electronic commerce
1499:. January 4, 2017.
1476:The New York Times
1456:The New York Times
1435:The New York Times
1411:The New York Times
1390:The New York Times
1361:The New York Times
1333:10.1109/MS.2004.13
1060:The New York Times
1016:. August 17, 2018.
938:The New York Times
824:The New York Times
715:The New York Times
580:departments offer
528:Self-service tools
523:Self-service tools
403:and delays due to
380:customer retention
341:terminal emulation
305:End user computing
236:Standard Chartered
86:End-user computing
63:
51:
36:
1267:T McGill (2002).
1079:, August 15, 2011
1002:. September 2017.
645:Interactive kiosk
397:Knowledge workers
335:Some data became
289:knowledge workers
152:Clarence Saunders
16:(Redirected from
1707:
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1644:
1642:
1641:
1627:
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1606:
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1587:
1578:
1569:
1563:
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1548:
1547:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1519:. July 30, 2020.
1507:
1501:
1500:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1479:. July 27, 2003.
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1097:. June 22, 2017.
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843:www.gasbuddy.com
835:
829:
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814:
803:
802:
788:
777:
776:
766:
753:
752:
732:Laurence Hatch.
729:
720:
719:
705:
656:
641:
612:Automated retail
573:
572:
559:
558:
536:office equipment
494:Lack of security
425:workplace morale
148:US Patent Office
49:
21:
1715:
1714:
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1652:Further reading
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1185:(2nd ed.).
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1095:CreditCards.com
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689:
684:Vending machine
666:Sharing economy
654:
639:
607:
586:career planning
570:
569:
556:
555:
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517:
511:
450:
445:
394:
375:
345:Screen scraping
317:
282:
255:
232:
224:Human resources
210:
186:
165:
144:
100:
59:vending machine
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1713:
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1700:Business terms
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1690:Retail formats
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1538:(4): 391–402.
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772:Monthly Review
754:
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681:
678:Unmanned store
675:
672:Ticket machine
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627:
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591:
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578:Human resource
557:software tools
553:
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547:
540:New York Times
524:
521:
513:Main article:
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479:
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467:overconfidence
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367:Data warehouse
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297:Data warehouse
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26:
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18:Self-servicing
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