522:, or "boot". A transmitter with a thin wire is placed around the perimeter of the parking lot, and the boot locks when the cart leaves the designated area. Store personnel must then deactivate the lock with a handheld remote control to return the cart to stock. Often, a line is painted in front of the broadcast range to warn customers that their cart will stop when rolled past the line. However, these systems are very expensive to install and although helpful, are not foolproof. The wheels can be lifted over the electronic barrier and/or pushed hard enough that the locks break. There are also safety concerns if the person pushing the trolley is running, and also if the trolley doesn't lock and is taken onto a road, locking due to magnetic materials under the road. Some cities have required retailers to install locking wheel systems on their shopping carts. In some cases, electronic systems companies have encouraged passage of such laws to create a captive audience of potential customers.
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another cart for compact storage via a swinging one-way rear door. The swinging rear door formed the basis of the patent claim, and was a major innovation in the evolution of the modern shopping cart. Watson applied for a patent on his shopping cart invention in 1946, but
Goldman contested it and filed an application for a similar patent with the swinging door feature on a shopping cart with only one basket in 1948 which Goldman named the "Nest-Kart". After considerable litigation and allegations of patent infringement, Goldman relinquished his rights to the patent in 1949 to Watson and his company, Telescope Carts, Inc. realizing that the swinging rear door feature was the key to Watson's patent. Watson was awarded patent #2,479,530 on August 16, 1949. In exchange, Goldman was granted an exclusive licensing right in addition to the three other licenses previously granted; Telescope Carts, Inc. continued to receive
199:. One night, in 1936, Goldman sat in his office wondering how customers might move more groceries. He found a wooden folding chair and put a basket on the seat and wheels on the legs. Goldman and one of his employees, a mechanic named Fred Young, began tinkering. Their first shopping cart was a metal frame that held two wire baskets. Since they were inspired by the folding chair, Goldman called his carts "folding basket carriers". Another mechanic, Arthur Kosted, developed a method to mass-produce the carts by inventing an assembly line capable of forming and welding the wire. The cart was awarded patent number 2,196,914 on April 9, 1940 (Filing date: March 14, 1938), titled, "Folding Basket Carriage for Self-Service Stores". They advertised the invention as part of a new "No Basket Carrying Plan". Goldman had already pioneered self-serve stores and carts were part of the self-serve retail concept.
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2179:, who actually coined the term. He regards the Consumer's Rest as a work of conceptual art which critiques design, remarking: 'In the beginning, I simply wanted to transcycle a standard shopping cart into an authentistic Wire Chair imitation. After all, it was Eames and Bertoia, not me, who redesigned shopping carts as furniture. And they did so in a country and at a time when wastefully packaged mass consumption and overflowing shopping carts weren't yet considered antisocial but rather an aspirational lifestyle in an era of booming capitalism.' Indeed, Charles Eames mentioned the construction principle of the shopping trolley as one of his inspirations for the Wire Chair (>477)." (in:
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the double-decker feature, which he called the "Nest-Kart" in 1948, over one year after Watson filed for his patent. The Nest-Kart incorporated the same nesting mechanism present on the shopping carts designed by Watson, and an interference investigation was ordered by
Telescope Carts, Inc. alleging infringement of the patent in 1948. After a protracted legal battle, Goldman ultimately recognized Watson's invention and paid one dollar in damages for counterfeit, in exchange for which Watson granted Goldman an exclusive operating license (apart from the three licenses that had already been granted).
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447:, token or card, which is returned if and when the customer returns the cart to a designated cart parking point. The system works through a lock mounted on the handle of the cart, connecting it to a chain mounted on the cart in front of it when nested together, or to a chain mounted on a cart collection corral. Inserting the token unlocks the chain, and reinserting the chain locks it in place and ejects the token for user to retrieve.
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The invention did not catch on immediately. Men found them effeminate; women found them suggestive of a baby carriage. "I've pushed my last baby," an offended woman informed
Goldman. After hiring several male and female models to push his new invention around his store and demonstrate their utility,
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Most retailers in North
America utilize a cart retrieval service, which collects carts found off the store's premises and returns them to the store for a fee. The primary strength of this system is the ability of pedestrian customers to take purchases home and allow retailers to recapture abandoned
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owner in Kansas City, and George O'Donnell, a grocery store refrigeration salesman, and the incorporation of Watson's swinging door yielded the familiar nesting cart that we see today using the "double-decker" approach. Goldman patented a similar version of the cart with only one basket rather than
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at the front, while the rear wheels are fixed in orientation, while in Europe it is more common to have four swivel wheels. This difference in design correlates with smaller retail premises in Europe. The front part of the cart is often sectioned off in order to place household goods such as bleach,
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represents another step in the evolution of shopping carts. Equipped with a tablet, barcode scanner, and cashierless checkout system, the smart shopping cart aims to provide customers with a more streamlined and convenient shopping experience. The system utilizes computer vision to accurately track
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As of 2006, approximately 24,000 children are injured in the United States each year in shopping carts. Some stores both in the U.S. and internationally have child carrying carts that look like a car or van with a seat where a child can sit equipped with a steering wheel and sometimes a horn. Such
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One motivation behind the deposit system is to reduce the expense of employees having to gather carts that are not returned, and to avoid damage done by runaway carts. Another benefit is that carts are less likely to be removed from the store premises and abandoned in the surrounding neighborhood.
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devised a system for a telescoping (i.e., "nesting") shopping cart which did not require assembly or disassembly of its parts before and after use like
Goldman's cart; Goldman's design up until this point required that the cart be unfolded much like a folding chair. This cart could be fitted into
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In 1909, Bessie DeCamp invented a seat belt for chairs, go-carts or carriages. This was well before shopping carts with child seating areas were invented. Goldman introduced a child seating area on shopping carts in 1947. For whatever reason, it wasn't until 1967 that seat belts for shopping carts
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carts in a timely manner at a fraction of the cost of a replacement cart. It also allows retailers to maintain their cart inventories without an expensive capital outlay. A drawback of this method is that it is reactive, instead of proactively preventing the carts from leaving the store premises.
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Owing to its overwhelming success, many different manufacturers desired to produce shopping carts with the rear swinging door feature but were denied due to the exclusive license issued to
Goldman. The federal government filed a lawsuit against Telescope Carts, Inc. in 1950 alleging the exclusive
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Shopping cart theft can be a costly problem with stores that use them. The carts, which typically cost between $ 75 and $ 150 each, with some models costing $ 300–400, are removed by people for various purposes. To prevent theft, estimated at $ 800 million worldwide per annum, stores use various
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Most modern shopping carts are made of metal or a combination of metal and plastic and have been designed to nest within each other in a line to facilitate collecting and moving many at one time and also to save on storage space. The carts can come in many sizes, with larger ones able to carry a
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In 2012, a driverless shopping cart was made by
Chaotic Moon Labs. The device, called "Project Sk8" or "Smarter Cart" was basically a cart fitted with Windows Kinect (to detect obstacles), and an electric drivetrain, and used in conjunction with a Windows 8 tablet. For smaller stores, shopping
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with the only metal part being the wheel axles, drawing away from the established metal cart design. Target's cart has won design awards for its improved casters, interchangeable plastic parts to simplify repairs, and handles that improve maneuverability. Other cart designs also incorporate
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Manually powered carts are also available specifically designed for use by wheelchair users. A still-to-be-implemented aid for people with disabilities is the addition of a guide wheel at the center of rotation of a cart with four caster wheels. In order to allow the nesting of carts to be
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A low-tech form of theft prevention utilizes a physical impediment, such as vertical posts at the store entrance to keep carts from being taken into the parking lot. This method also impedes physically disabled customers, which may be illegal in many jurisdictions. For example, in the
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In many cases, customers can then also use the cart to transport their purchased goods to their vehicles. However, some carts are designed to prevent them from leaving either the store or the designated parking area by magnetically locking the wheels. In many places in the
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style system. All pedestrian exits have specially designed flooring tiles, which, along with specially designed wheels on the cart, will immobilize the cart as they roll onto them. Like the magnetic systems, this can easily be overcome by lifting the cart over the tiles.
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In
Australia, deposit systems are common in some local government areas, as they have been made compulsory by local law. Usually, all ALDI stores, and most Coles and Woolworths stores will have a lock mechanism on their carts that requires a $ 1 or $ 2 coin to unlock.
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recurred to the fact that Eames' and
Bertoia's wire furniture were already over-aestheticized adaptations of the contemporary advent of shopping carts in the United States, and thus were themselves already recursions to the consumer revolutionary context of the
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stores to support the digital in-store shopping experience. The shelf was invented and designed by Nick Dyer, a former employee of Target. The introduction of "EASY Shopper" in 2019 by
Pentland Firth Software GmbH in partnership with the German retailer
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for each cart produced by Goldman's company that incorporated the "nesting" design. This included any shopping cart utilizing his hinged rear door, including the familiar single basket "nesting" designs similar to those used in the present.
489:), or even appropriately folded pieces of cardboard can be used to unlock the carts as well. Cart collectors are also usually provided with a special key that they can use to unlock the carts from the cart bay and get the key back.
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trialed shopping carts with user-adjustable wheel resistance, heart rate monitoring and calorie counting hardware in an effort to raise awareness of health issues. The cart's introduction coincided with Tesco's sponsorship of
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suffered lower sales in comparison to retailers who did use shopping carts. Subsequent to the introduction of shopping carts and centralized checkout lines at Sears stores, the company noticed a correlating increase in sales.
458:, which require a $ 0.25 deposit. One of the first store chains to use the $ 0.25 deposit system in the US was the Real Superstore (a subsidiary of National Supermarkets) in the early 1990s. Other stores such as
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and became a major public health concern. This was primarily due to the media spotlight on a Japanese research study revealing large amounts of bacteria on shopping carts. Those findings were later backed by a
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By far, most stolen shopping carts that are not returned and left outside their location, however, are misappropriated by occasional subsequent and secondary users without any artistic or cultural-critical
415:, all of these features, along with extra rungs on the side rail designed to attach plastic bags or carry handles for beverages. Smaller half-sized carts for smaller shopping trips have also become common.
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Although almost ubiquitous in continental Europe and the UK, the deposit system is less common in Canada and has not been widely adopted in the United States, with the exception of some chains like
222:, who invented the swinging rear door to allow for "nesting" in 1946. Orla Watson continued to make modifications to his original design. Advice from his trusted business partners Fred Taylor, a
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Original patent documents of Orla Watson showing design of the nesting feature of the Telescope Cart. The rear of the cart swings forward when a cart is shoved into it, hence the nesting feature.
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since the market launch of the shopping cart - not only for new and further developments of their own shopping carts and wire basket goods, but also for advertising and PR purposes.
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The names of shopping carts vary by region. The following names are region-specific names for shopping carts. Many of these names may be used alone or in descriptive phrases such as
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for the household goods of the homeless, or, ignoring the fact that the zinc and plastic coatings of the wire surfaces are harmful to health when heated, as ad hoc barbecue grills.
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Catherine Grandclément, "Wheeling One's Groceries Around the Store: The Invention of the Shopping Cart, 1936-1953", in Warren Belasco and Roger Horowitz (eds.),
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Shopping carts are usually fitted with four wheels, however if any one wheel jams the cart can become difficult to handle. Most carts in the United States have
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Nomadic furniture: how to build and where to buy lightweight furniture that folds, collapses, stacks, knocks-down, inflates or can be thrown away and re-cycled
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items in the cart and allow customers to scan and pay for their purchases as they shop, reducing the need to stand in line and wait to pay for their items.
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1 are used. While the deposit systems usually are designed to accommodate a certain size of domestic coin, foreign coins, former currencies (like German
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intentions as emergency solutions. Other uses of shopping carts include improvised pieces of furniture (for example, as laundry baskets), or universal
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Guidance on Section 99 and Schedule 4 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 as amended by the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 . DEFRA
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Some retailers sell "tokens" as an alternative to coins, often for charity. Merchandising companies also offer branded shopping tokens as a product.
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as well as greeters to explain their use, shopping carts became extremely popular and Goldman became a multimillionaire. In urban areas like
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and Telescope Carts, Inc. licensed their telescoping shopping cart design to several manufacturers throughout the 1950s and 1960s until the
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than a car ride, privately owned carts resembling Goldman's design are still popular. Instead of baskets, these carts are built to hold the
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Daugherty, Julia Ann P. "Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture." Oklahoma State University - Library - Home. Web. 11 Oct. 2010.
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unhindered, this guide wheel is attached to the front of the cart with a piece of spring steel which bends under the cart's weight.
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Special electronic shopping carts are provided by many retailers for the elderly or disabled people. These are essentially
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showed that the prototype's context awareness provided an opportunity for enhancing and altering the shopping experience.
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baskets with wheels can be used either as a large basket or a small cart. These carts are designed for indoor use only.
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Carts that are not returned may be returned voluntarily by a pedestrian, with the deposit coin acting as a reward.
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One of the most famous thematizations of a shopping cart in art is the 1970 sculpture "Supermarket Lady" by US
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are designed for aiding non-ambulatory adults or larger children, but require an additional person to push.
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Electronic systems are sometimes used by retailers. Each shopping cart is fitted with an electronic locking
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as well as other artists and designers had wire furniture or artwork made by shopping cart manufacturers.
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for cold or hot drinks or a bouquet of flowers, along with other features such as a secure shelf for a
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were introduced by David Allen. It was high tech for the time, because it was a retractable seat belt.
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to allow the use of mobile coupons and circulars, or as seen in an all-plastic design created for the
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was entered into where Telescope Carts, Inc. agreed to offer the same license to any manufacturer.
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Wheeling food products around the store… and away: the invention of the shopping cart, 1936-1953
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Kai Buchholz and Klaus Wolbert (eds.), Häusser.media Verlag, Darmstadt, 2004, ISBN 3-89552-100-0
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with an attached basket. They allow customers to navigate around the store and collect items.
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African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 5(23), pp. 3998-4003, October 23, 2011
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One of the first shopping carts was introduced on June 4, 1937, the invention of
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also use the coin deposit system, but it is not used at all of their locations.
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Past studies determined that retailers who did not offer shopping carts such as
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child. There are also specialized carts designed for two children, and electric
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This article is about physical shopping carts. For digital shopping carts, see
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Shopping in the Real World: Interacting with a Context-Aware Shopping Trolley
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Safety retaining belt for shopping carts – David L. Allen – patent #3,550,136
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Nomadic Furniture 3.0 – Neues befreites Wohnen? / New Liberated Living?
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Conceptual detours of the shopping cart in art, design and consumerism
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On Becoming American: A Celebration of What it Means and How it Feels
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and some regions of Canada. Was also formerly used in the Philippines
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cleaning products etc. so that they do not mix with edible products.
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26:"Shopping trolley" redirects here. For the wheeled shopping bag, see
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Dr. Steve Vitucci, Texas A&M University – Central Texas
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The Cart that Changed the World: The Career of Sylvan N. Goldman
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The deposit varies, but usually coins of higher value, such as
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1952:"Guide wheel assembly for carts, United States Patent 7198279"
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In 2017, a mobile device shelf was added to shopping carts at
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in Claudia Falter: "Shopping," p. 1007ff u. fig. p. 1017, in
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1567:"Study: E.coli contamination found on half of shopping carts"
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Child's-chair safety device - Bessie DeCamp - patent #944,020
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Also in 2004, shopping carts were identified as a source of
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Martina Fineder, Thomas Geisler, Sebastian Hackenschmidt:
1502:"Trim Trolley Takes Off The Weight While You Grocery Shop"
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In 2009, researchers developed prototypes of computerized
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Reversing the Operation of CAPS Shopping Cart Wheel Locks
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An alternative to the shopping cart is a small hand-held
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with baskets designed for individuals with disabilities.
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A shopping cart held by a woman, containing bags and food
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Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)
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Smithsonian Snapshot: Telescoping Shopping Cart, c. 1949
1062:"How a Basket on Wheels Revolutionized Grocery Shopping"
1150:(University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), pp. 233-251.
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Hanging file, designed by Otl Aicher, manufactured by
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Wilkinson, Kelly; Learmonth, Michael (June 3, 1999).
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Black, D., Clemmensen, N. J., and Skov, M. B. (2009)
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converted a 'stray' shopping cart into an 'inverted'
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DEFRA guidance on the security of shopping trolleys.
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In many countries, the customer has to make a small
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Development of first shopping cart by Sylvan Goldman
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Orla Watson Invented the Grocery Cart with a Basket
542:Another method (used for example by UK supermarket
37:"Trundler" redirects here. Not to be confused with
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2241:In the Designer Park | Life in Artificial Worlds,
1779:. The Stray Shopping Cart Project. Archived from
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1609:"Shopping cart advances just keep rolling along"
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991:"Shopping Cart–Related Injuries to Children"
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1148:Food Chains: From Farmyard to Shopping Cart
235:Development of nesting carts by Orla Watson
3272:Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums
3135:
2989:
2367:
2346:
2332:
2324:
2279:Shopping Cart–Related Injuries to Children
2022:Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.
2290:The "Telescopic Shopping Cart Collection"
2285:Paper on the history of the shopping cart
1740:
1738:
1736:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
814:Homeless man lying on a shopping cart in
435:Mechanism of a typical shopping cart lock
1928:. QHDC Australia PTY LTD. Archived from
1438:Britt Beamer of America's Research Group
110:as they move around the premises, while
1670:Connery, Georgina (February 16, 2017).
1060:Crockett, Zachary (February 18, 2016).
956:
537:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
382:, have begun using carts fully made of
2118:"Berlin, les avant-gardes du mobilier"
1814:William, Dara Akiko (April 20, 1999).
1572:
1534:
1384:Warentest, Stiftung (April 17, 2020).
1130:(University of Oklahoma Press, 1978).
1008:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1411:Martin, Cristina (January 16, 2023).
501:security systems as discussed below.
150:A child-friendly shopping cart design
106:inside the premises for transport of
7:
1847:Elmahrek, Adam (February 24, 2011).
1475:"Trolley offers supermarket workout"
868:, which is critical of consumerism.
218:Another shopping cart innovator was
2294:National Museum of American History
2237:From Folding Chair to Shopping Cart
2187:, Weil am Rhein, Germany, 2019, on
2052:, Weil am Rhein, Germany, 2019, on
1565:Sobotka, Vincent (March 14, 2011).
1436:Assortment (referencing a study by
1256:"Inventor Sylvan Goldman Biography"
335:In 2004, British supermarket chain
251:Nested carts being returned from a
116:checkout counter, cashiers or tills
2071:"Ludwig Forum | Duane Hanson"
1316:. Amhistory.si.edu. Archived from
714: – some places in New Zealand
427:Shopping carts locked with a chain
14:
1773:"The Stray Shopping Cart Project"
1529:"Eliminate Germs from Your Life"
1527:Loeb, Heather (April 21, 2015).
1258:. Ideafinder.com. Archived from
1037:. April 24, 2007. Archived from
997:. American Academy of Pediatrics
989:Gary A. Smith, MD, DrPH (2006).
889:-wire chair on the principle of
624:(where it is considered part of
215:dispensed by the grocery store.
30:. For the Beth Orton album, see
1977:Kovac, Lisa (August 24, 2018).
1633:Jansen, Kerri (June 14, 2016).
1607:Cook, Kim (September 7, 2011).
1198:Catherine Grandclément (2006).
535:it would be a violation of the
259:by a cart pushing assist device
2281:American Academy Of Pediatrics
1442:Influence Of The Shopping Cart
806:Diamond Chair by Harry Bertoia
387:additional features such as a
86:), also known by a variety of
1:
965:"Definition of SHOPPING CART"
549:A further system is to use a
2259:, New York, Pantheon Books.
2255:& Jim Hennessey (1973).
2189:CONSUMER'S REST Lounge Chair
2054:CONSUMER'S REST Lounge Chair
1979:"What is a Caroline's Cart?"
1824:. Gale Group. Archived from
1464:, Retrieved on May 23, 2011.
1451:, Retrieved on May 23, 2011.
1202:. CSI Working Papers Series.
909:in architecture and design.
795:man with a shopping cart in
672: – used by some in the
367:shopping carts by attaching
2193:Stiletto (Stiletto Studios)
2058:Stiletto (Stiletto Studios)
1087:"Goldman, Sylvan N. | 1971"
720: – some places in the
676:region of the United States
632:and certain parts of Canada
413:Bemis Manufacturing Company
371:to ordinary carts. Initial
3344:
743:
114:, prior to heading to the
36:
25:
18:
2185:Atlas of Furniture Design
2050:Atlas of Furniture Design
2026:. Smithsonian Institution
1579:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1541:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1447:November 8, 2011, at the
87:
80:Southern American English
3257:Animal-powered transport
2207:Schrill Bizarr Brachial.
946:Trolley (disambiguation)
616: – used by some in
378:Some retailers, such as
3132:Non-vehicular transport
2355:Human-powered transport
2298:Smithsonian Institution
1958:. FreePatentsOnline.com
1902:. FreePatentsOnline.com
1462:Sears update case notes
1417:www.retailgazette.co.uk
969:www.merriam-webster.com
931:Motorized shopping cart
875:"one-man artist group"
746:Motorized shopping cart
695: – various regions
686: – some places in
514:Electronic and magnetic
323:Retail store acceptance
16:Cart supplied by a shop
3282:Zero-emissions vehicle
2220:der 80er Jahre at the
1821:Los Angeles Daily News
1234:"Unarco--Cart History"
818:
807:
799:
785:
741:
630:Southern United States
573:
505:Cart retrieval service
436:
428:
302:
260:
244:
151:
51:
21:Shopping cart software
3308:Retail store elements
2106:on December 21, 2016.
1659:National Supermarkets
1481:. BBC. April 28, 2004
1113:. November 16, 2003.
1035:The Great Idea Finder
813:
805:
791:
779:
739:
726:Western Massachusetts
722:Eastern United States
568:Saugus, Massachusetts
566:Carriage return at a
565:
434:
426:
358:University of Arizona
344:'s fundraising event
300:
250:
242:
209:public transportation
149:
49:
2211:Neue Deutsche Design
1932:on November 10, 2014
1262:on December 21, 2017
1041:on December 21, 2017
936:Shopping cart theory
756:electric wheelchairs
626:the region's dialect
622:Western Pennsylvania
588:for disambiguation:
3313:American inventions
3220:Alpine touring skis
3030:Hand and foot power
2620:Cold-weather biking
2560:Small-wheel bicycle
2468:Glossary of cycling
2433:Cyclo-cross bicycle
2418:Cold-weather biking
2181:Vitra Design Museum
2088:Ludwig Forum Aachen
2046:Vitra Design Museum
1747:"Wheels of Fortune"
1346:. February 27, 2012
1320:on October 12, 2018
906:International Style
732:For disabled people
660:Trinidad and Tobago
301:Mobile device shelf
84:Appalachian English
3328:1946 introductions
3323:1937 introductions
3225:Cross-country skis
2889:Litter/sedan chair
2453:Flat bar road bike
2077:on April 14, 2009.
2024:"Stiletto Studios"
1801:US patent|5598144A
1771:Montague, Julian.
1676:The Canberra Times
897:"Consumer's Rest"
819:
808:
800:
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618:Southeast Michigan
574:
437:
429:
409:Whole Foods Market
342:Cancer Research UK
303:
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72:Australian English
52:
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3077:
2979:
2978:
2661:Motorized scooter
2656:Motorized bicycle
2535:Recumbent bicycle
2478:Motorized bicycle
2170:New German Design
2138:on June 27, 2018.
1876:. Tekstlab.uio.no
1783:on April 24, 2006
1179:978-0-395-26283-2
1156:978-0-8122-4128-0
1136:978-0-8061-1496-5
1126:Terry P. Wilson,
919:nomadic furniture
407:and also used by
157:mobility scooters
3335:
3136:
3090:Amphibious cycle
3045:(sliding rigger)
2990:
2771:Invalid carriage
2686:Other foot power
2644:Electric bicycle
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766:Caroline's Carts
586:supermarket ____
496:Theft prevention
384:recycled plastic
369:tablet computers
293:New developments
60:American English
32:Shopping Trolley
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2677:Treadle bicycle
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2570:Touring bicycle
2520:Porteur bicycle
2488:Mountain biking
2458:Folding bicycle
2423:Cruiser bicycle
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2006:. June 5, 2012.
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750:Caroline's Cart
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571:Stop & Shop
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443:by inserting a
421:
393:tablet computer
360:study in 2007.
325:
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176:shopping basket
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90:, is a wheeled
68:British English
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3250:Related topics
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3187:Stair climbing
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2887:
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2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
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2854:
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2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:Shopping cart
2841:
2839:
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2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:Pushed/pulled
2799:
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2699:
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2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:Treadle power
2668:
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2659:
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2647:
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2639:
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2575:Track bicycle
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2525:Prone bicycle
2523:
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2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
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2494:
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2484:
2483:Mountain bike
2481:
2479:
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2461:
2459:
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2454:
2451:
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2441:
2439:
2438:Downhill bike
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2265:0-394-70228-X
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2223:
2222:Bröhan Museum
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2198:
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2152:(page 89ff),
2151:
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2041:
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2025:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1931:
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1698:
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1663:
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1639:Plastics News
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1506:Inventor Spot
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1066:Priceconomics
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871:In 1983, the
869:
867:
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854:
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840:
836:
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832:
831:Harry Bertoia
828:
827:Charles Eames
824:
817:
812:
804:
798:
794:
790:
783:
782:BrĂĽder Siegel
778:
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769:
767:
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601:United States
598:
594:
591:
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589:
587:
583:
582:shopping ____
579:
572:
569:
564:
557:
555:
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547:
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538:
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533:United States
525:
523:
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385:
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370:
366:
365:context aware
361:
359:
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349:
347:
346:Race for Life
343:
338:
333:
330:
322:
320:
317:
312:
307:
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292:
290:
288:
284:
280:
274:
271:
266:
258:
254:
249:
241:
234:
232:
228:
225:
224:grocery store
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
205:New York City
200:
198:
194:
186:
181:
179:
177:
172:
169:
168:swivel wheels
164:
160:
158:
148:
141:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:United States
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:, for use by
101:
98:, especially
97:
96:shop or store
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:shopping cart
48:
44:
40:
33:
29:
22:
3198:Snow and ice
3017:(fixed seat)
2920:Caster board
2853:Stairclimber
2842:
2813:Baggage cart
2792:Rowing cycle
2703:Kick scooter
2693:Balance bike
2615:Wheelie bike
2580:Trailer bike
2540:Road bicycle
2413:City bicycle
2256:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2164:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2136:the original
2126:
2112:
2104:the original
2094:
2083:
2075:the original
2065:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2040:
2030:November 11,
2028:. Retrieved
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1982:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1955:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1930:the original
1925:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1899:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1868:
1858:September 8,
1856:. Retrieved
1852:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1826:the original
1819:
1797:
1787:September 8,
1785:. Retrieved
1781:the original
1776:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1750:
1723:. Retrieved
1721:. Woolworths
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1691:
1681:December 31,
1679:. Retrieved
1675:
1665:
1654:
1642:. Retrieved
1628:
1618:September 8,
1616:. Retrieved
1612:
1602:
1589:
1560:
1551:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1505:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1478:
1469:
1456:
1432:
1422:February 13,
1420:. Retrieved
1416:
1406:
1396:February 13,
1394:. Retrieved
1389:
1379:
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1343:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1318:the original
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1293:. ArchPatent
1291:"ArchPatent"
1285:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1254:Phil Ament.
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1228:
1219:
1207:
1170:
1162:
1147:
1142:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1090:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:the original
1034:
1025:
999:. Retrieved
994:
984:
972:. Retrieved
968:
959:
918:
911:
904:
899:Lounge Chair
896:
892:objet trouvé
890:
884:
876:
870:
866:Duane Hanson
860:
846:
820:
781:
764:
760:
753:
717:
711:
698:
692:
683:
679:
669:
664:South Africa
638: – the
635:
613:
599: – the
596:
592:
585:
581:
578:grocery ____
577:
575:
548:
541:
529:
517:
508:
499:
491:
472:
468:
453:
449:
438:
397:mobile phone
377:
373:field trials
362:
350:
334:
326:
308:
304:
275:
262:
257:Target store
229:
217:
201:
190:
173:
165:
161:
153:
120:
100:supermarkets
75:
63:
55:
53:
43:
3277:Human power
3123:Ornithopter
2951:Street luge
2868:Wheelbarrow
2698:Dandy horse
2530:Quadracycle
2503:Singletrack
2371:Pedal power
2214: [
2195:, page 726)
2173: [
2060:, page 726)
1853:Voice of OC
1751:Metroactive
1725:December 1,
1703:December 1,
1644:October 31,
1392:(in German)
1390:www.test.de
1366:US9637152B2
851: [
718:wheelbasket
674:New England
652:New Zealand
609:Philippines
551:cattle grid
520:wheel clamp
283:Orla Watson
265:Orla Watson
253:parking lot
220:Orla Watson
136:parking lot
108:merchandise
88:other names
3297:Categories
3210:Ice skates
3139:Foot power
3118:Helicopter
3083:Amphibious
3060:Hydrocycle
3053:Foot power
2993:Hand power
2946:Billy cart
2925:Snakeboard
2915:Pogo stick
2833:Hand truck
2818:Bath chair
2785:Row action
2776:Wheelchair
2749:Hand power
2740:Skateboard
2730:Freeskates
2720:Brakeboard
2610:Velomobile
2605:Velocipede
2510:Party bike
2408:Cargo bike
2403:Boneshaker
2235:Paragraph
2157:Studies 23
1719:"About Us"
1697:"About us"
1167:Ted Morgan
995:Pediatrics
952:References
886:cantilever
863:pop artist
843:Otl Aicher
784:, Leipheim
744:See also:
724:, notably
389:cup holder
213:paper bags
39:Hand truck
3237:Snowshoes
3065:Hydrofoil
2956:Snowboard
2863:Toy wagon
2858:Stretcher
2761:Handcycle
2735:Longboard
2725:Freeboard
2624:ice cycle
1880:March 31,
1350:March 31,
1266:March 31,
1239:March 31,
941:Toy wagon
915:readymade
684:coohudder
648:Australia
401:Wisconsin
353:pathogens
289:expired.
270:royalties
263:In 1946,
104:customers
3205:Crampons
3106:Aircraft
2961:Toboggan
2715:Kicksled
2708:Kickbike
2590:Unicycle
2585:Tricycle
2555:Sociable
2545:Roadster
2498:Downhill
2398:BMX bike
1988:June 18,
1962:June 20,
1936:July 29,
1906:June 20,
1777:Web Site
1575:cite web
1537:cite web
1512:June 20,
1485:June 20,
1479:BBC News
1445:Archived
1324:April 7,
1297:April 7,
1071:March 8,
1045:June 20,
1011:cite web
1001:June 20,
974:March 7,
925:See also
848:Stiletto
793:Homeless
712:trundler
703:New York
701: –
688:Scotland
670:carriage
656:Malaysia
607:and the
526:Physical
464:ShopRite
419:Deposits
197:Oklahoma
130:and the
112:shopping
3266:outline
3262:Cycling
3182:Walking
3170:Running
2934:Gravity
2882:Carried
2766:Hobcart
2756:Handcar
2649:Pedelec
2600:Velocar
2463:Go-kart
2448:Fatbike
2387:outline
2383:Bicycle
2292:at the
1096:May 12,
879:, from
693:bascart
644:Ireland
636:trolley
628:), the
544:Iceland
487:D-Marks
441:deposit
403:-based
182:History
64:trolley
3163:skates
3151:skates
3070:Pedalo
3043:Rowing
3037:Rowing
3015:Rowing
2910:Trikke
2637:assist
2443:Enduro
2263:
2226:, 2014
2224:Berlin
1832:May 5,
1756:May 5,
1372:
1177:
1154:
1134:
881:Berlin
873:neoist
707:Hawaii
680:barrae
605:Canada
597:basket
481:1, or
460:Costco
380:Target
311:Target
287:patent
142:Design
128:Canada
74:), or
3318:Carts
3005:Kayak
3000:Canoe
2985:Water
2218:]
2177:]
1613:MSNBC
1344:WIRED
855:]
833:, or
823:Wanzl
816:Tokyo
797:Paris
699:wagon
614:buggy
584:, or
337:Tesco
329:Sears
316:EDEKA
255:to a
76:buggy
3111:list
3021:Punt
2873:Sled
2823:Cart
2493:27.5
2378:29er
2363:Land
2261:ISBN
2209:Das
2032:2022
1990:2024
1964:2012
1938:2014
1908:2012
1882:2016
1860:2011
1834:2009
1789:2011
1758:2009
1727:2021
1705:2021
1683:2020
1646:2016
1620:2011
1581:link
1543:link
1514:2012
1487:2012
1424:2023
1398:2023
1352:2016
1326:2013
1299:2013
1268:2016
1241:2016
1175:ISBN
1152:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1098:2023
1073:2016
1047:2012
1017:link
1003:2012
976:2023
748:and
593:cart
558:Name
462:and
456:ALDI
445:coin
92:cart
3215:Ski
3099:Air
2191:by
2154:MAK
2056:by
1956:FPO
1900:FPO
682:or
595:or
477:1,
411:by
395:or
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2216:de
2183::
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