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Further, physicists were able to demonstrate a molecule made of two interacting semifluxons arranged antiferromagnetically. It has a degenerate ground state up-down or down-up. It was shown that one can readout the state of such a semifluxon molecule by using on-chip SQUIDs. One can also switch
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at the boundary between 0 and π regions. This 0-π boundary creates a π discontinuity of the
Josephson phase. The junction reacts to this discontinuity by creating a semifluxon. Vortex's supercurrent circulates around 0-π boundary. In addition to semifluxon, there exist also an
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superconductors and ferromagnetic barrier, where the physics is completely different, but the result (0-π junctions) is the same. such 0–π JJs have been demonstrated in SFS and in underdamped SIFS junctions.
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Mathematically, a semifluxon can be constructed by joining two tails of conventional (integer) fluxon (kink of the sine-Gordon equation) at the 0-π boundary. Semifluxon is a particular example of the
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C. C. Tsuei; J. R. Kirtley (2002). "d-Wave pairing symmetry in cuprate superconductors --- fundamental implications and potential applications".
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For the first time the semifluxons were observed at the tricrystal grain boundaries in d-wave superconductors and later in YBa
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93:–Nb ramp zigzag junctions. In these systems the phase shift of π takes place due to d-wave order parameter symmetry in YBa
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H. Hilgenkamp; Ariando; H.-J. H. Smilde; D. H. A. Blank; G. Rijnders; H. Rogalla; J. R. Kirtley; C. C. Tsuei (2003).
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A. Dewes; T. Gaber; D. Koelle; R. Kleiner; E. Goldobin (2008). "Semifluxon
Molecule under Control".
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superconductor. The observations were performed using low temperature scanning SQUID microscope.
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M. Weides; M. Kemmler; H. Kohlstedt; R. Waser; D. Koelle; R. Kleiner; E. Goldobin (2006). "0-
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M. L. Della Rocca; M. Aprili; T. Kontos; A. Gomez; P. Spathis (2005). "Ferromagnetic 0-
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Later, researchers succeeded to fabricate 0-π junctions using conventional low-T
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between the up-down or down-up states of the molecule by applying the current.
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E. Goldobin; D. Koelle; R. Kleiner (2002). "Semifluxons in long
Josephson 0-
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and its supercurrent circulates in the opposite direction.
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Josephson Tunnel
Junctions with Ferromagnetic Barrier".
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fractional vortex pinned at the phase discontinuity
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450:Junctions as Classical Spins".
50:. Semifluxons exist in the 0-π
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148:References
22:semifluxon
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519:π
438:π
362:π
319:Physica C
304:118997443
252:π
189:π
169:π
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121:See also
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40:of the
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460:arXiv
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377:(PDF)
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38:half
20:, a
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