1128:
92:, a seneschal was in charge of domestic arrangements and the administration of servants, which, in the medieval period particularly, meant the seneschal might oversee hundreds of laborers, servants and their associated responsibilities, and have a great deal of power in the community, at a time when much of the local economy was often based on the wealth and responsibilities of such a household.
584:
Towards noon each day, the
Cardinal's gentlemen proceeded to his house and conveyed his dinner to the Vatican in a state coach. They were accompanied by an officer, known as the Seneschal Dapifer, who was charged with the very important duty of seeing that the Cardinal's food was not poisoned! ...
589:
of the
Cardinal. The Seneschal Dapifer, bearing a serviette on his shoulder, preceded the dishes.... Before the Cardinal received his dinner, each dish underwent a careful inspection by the prelates on guard, in order that no letter should be concealed in
579:
during the election of a new Pope, to see to mealtimes for the cardinal electors while ensuring secrecy. Cardinals regularly had meals sent in from their homes with much pageantry accompanying the conveyance of food:
724:
68:) can have several different meanings, all of which reflect certain types of supervising or administering in a historic context. Most commonly, a seneschal was a senior position filled by a
157:) was an officer in the household of later Anglo-Saxon kings, and it is sometimes translated by historians as seneschal, although the term was not used in England before the
865:
533:
154:
585:
The dishes were enclosed in hampers or tin boxes, covered with green or violet drapery, and ... were carried in state through the entrance halls, preceded by the
1154:
602:
1164:
412:. The seneschals also served as the chief justice of the royal courts of appeal in their areas and were occasionally seconded by vice-seneschals.
1169:
1087:
1014:
620:
1159:
712:
987:
960:
933:
888:
484:
136:
In the United
Kingdom the modern meaning of seneschal is primarily as an ecclesiastical term, referring to a cathedral official.
476:
812:
1174:
115:) was also a royal officer in charge of justice and control of the administration of certain southern provinces called
1132:
923:
950:
615:
505:
371:
96:
378:, the seneschal was originally a royal steward overseeing the entire country but developed into an agent of the
769:
1113:
359:
1106:
567:
The
Seneschal of Sark presides over the Court of the Seneschal, which hears civil and some criminal cases.
1149:
165:
1080:
The
Central Convent of Hospitallers and Templars: History, Organization, and Personnel (1099/1120–1310)
977:
553:) were nobles who served at royal feasts. The term is often translated by historians as "seneschal".
488:
678:
539:
409:
392:
375:
100:
77:
756:. Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 HarperCollins Publishers
668:
494:
457:
342:
1083:
1010:
922:
908:
793:
461:
245:
104:
69:
949:
785:
472:
81:
39:
340:), from the 5th century on, personally attended on the king, as specifically stated in the
684:
648:
598:
586:
387:
379:
355:
284:
207:
191:
158:
108:
89:
1005:(2014). "Thegn". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.).
982:
955:
928:
833:
813:"Butlers and dish-bearers in Anglo-Saxon courts: household officers at the royal table"
674:
664:
576:
543:
147:
1127:
1143:
624:
408:
states that the first seneschals to govern in this manner did so by an 1190 edict of
575:
Formerly, officers known as
Seneschal Dapifers were involved in the ceremony of the
1002:
976:
520:
480:
405:
274:
250:
1056:
658:
326:
293:
73:
601:, seneschal was the title used by the second-in-command of the Order after the
789:
749:
737:
643:, another Germanic-rooted title of command over a jurisdiction, derived from "
232:
797:
635:
509:
437:
430:
397:
306:
270:
172:
85:
17:
513:
401:
1009:(2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. p. 460.
776:: the Family, Career and Connections of Ælfhere, Ealdorman of Mercia".
654:
640:
630:
483:, and Keeper of the Archbishopric of Canterbury, and shortly to become
416:
302:
301:) whose members also had duties in their lord's household like a royal
120:
594:
These ceremonies have not been observed since the nineteenth century.
905:
De
Antiquis Legibus Liber. Cronica Maiorum et Vicecomitum Londiniarum
854:(Harvard UP, 1915; reprint Union, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 1999), 33–34.
688:
498:
423:
228:
127:
1057:"How the Pope is Elected: A Popular Account of the Conclave at Rome"
753:
321:
315:
287:
194:
644:
396:), one of the districts of the crown lands in Gascony, Aquitaine,
182:
562:
335:
329:
296:
964:. Vol. 18. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 309–310.
523:, an English knight, was appointed seneschal of Poitou in 1369.
415:
The equivalent post throughout most of northern France was the
362:, and in both cases the seneschal is synonymous with steward.
60:
725:
Encyclopaedia
Perthensis; or Universal Dictionary of the Arts
1030:
937:. Vol. 18. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 311.
907:, Camden Society, Series I no. 34 (London 1846), Appendix,
54:
48:
991:. Vol. 10. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 43.
57:
164:
The term, first attested in 1350–1400, was borrowed from
354:). The warband, once sedentary, became first the king's
1007:
The Wiley
Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
852:
Commentary to the
Germanic Laws and Mediaeval Documents
253:
referred to the imperial guard, divided into senior (
72:
within a royal, ducal, or noble household during the
51:
45:
1035:
Official Site for The Court of the Seneschal of Sark
222:
216:
210:
95:
A second meaning is more specific, and concerns the
42:
487:, is referred to as "our Seneschal" in Letters of
269:were merged or replaced with the Germanic king's
265:. When Germanic tribes took over the Empire, the
119:, holding a role equivalent to a northern French
866:Language and history in the early Germanic world
508:, an English knight, was appointed seneschal of
497:, an English knight, was appointed seneschal of
305:. The king's chief warbandman and retainer (cf.
582:
534:Dish-bearers and butlers in Anglo-Saxon England
309:
261:) units. The captain of the guard was known as
175:
8:
435:
421:
200:
125:
277:
235:
185:
1082:. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 3–4.
764:
762:
447:William de Gometz was Seneschal of France
948:Fotheringham, James Gainsborough (1889).
921:Fotheringham, James Gainsborough (1889).
869:(Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 110–112.
88:of a medieval great house. In a medieval
657:, a legendary seneschal in the court of
705:
623:in charge of the Royal Household (the "
475:, then member of the King's Council,
27:Court position appointed by a monarch
7:
834:"Seneschal definition & meaning"
621:Great Officer of the Crown of France
713:Oxford University Press: Seneschal
25:
1155:Court titles in the Ancien Régime
382:charged with administration of a
1126:
988:Dictionary of National Biography
961:Dictionary of National Biography
934:Dictionary of National Biography
924:"Felton, William (d.1367)"
667:, 13th-century Seneschal of the
485:Constable of the Tower of London
38:
951:"Felton, Thomas (d.1381)"
477:Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
181:"senior retainer" (attested in
738:The Free Dictionary: Seneschal
1:
1131:The dictionary definition of
1031:"About the Seneschal's Court"
448:
1170:Historical legal occupations
1165:Offices in the Ancien Régime
223:
217:
211:
1112:This entry is in part from
1055:Wintle, W. J. (June 1903).
1191:
685:Kingdom of Alba Seneschals
677:, Seneschal of Tipperary,
560:
531:
1078:Burgtorf, Jochen (2008).
790:10.1017/S0263675100003240
774:Princeps Merciorum Gentis
512:in 1362 and seneschal of
107:, wherein the seneschal (
1160:Law of the Ancien Régime
728:Volume 20 (1816), p. 437
468:Under rulers of England
227:"servant", ultimately a
811:Gautier, Alban (2017).
360:great officers of state
336:
330:
322:
316:
310:
297:
288:
202:
195:
177:
616:Grand maître de France
592:
528:In Anglo-Saxon England
436:
422:
391:
279:
236:
186:
126:
112:
978:"Chandos, John"
563:Sark § Seneschal
460:was seneschal to two
1175:Obsolete occupations
1114:Webster's Dictionary
975:Lee, Sidney (1887).
903:T. Stapleton (ed.),
350:VI. 13. 1; known as
838:merriam-webster.com
820:Historical Research
778:Anglo-Saxon England
540:Anglo-Saxon England
376:early modern France
78:early Modern period
669:Kingdom of Gwynedd
495:Sir William Felton
458:Osbern the Steward
343:Codex Theodosianus
1089:978-90-04-16660-8
1016:978-0-470-65632-7
542:dish-bearers (in
491:of December 1239.
462:dukes of Normandy
429:), who oversaw a
199:), a compound of
80:– historically a
70:court appointment
16:(Redirected from
1182:
1130:
1094:
1093:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1027:
1021:
1020:
999:
993:
992:
980:
972:
966:
965:
953:
945:
939:
938:
926:
918:
912:
901:
895:
893:
885:
879:
876:
870:
861:
855:
848:
842:
841:
830:
824:
823:
817:
808:
802:
801:
766:
757:
747:
741:
735:
729:
721:
715:
710:
473:Bertram de Criol
453:
450:
441:
427:
339:
333:
325:
319:
313:
300:
291:
282:
240:"senior guard".
239:
237:senior scholaris
226:
220:
214:
205:
198:
189:
180:
171:"steward", from
131:
67:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
50:
47:
44:
21:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1140:
1139:
1124:
1107:EtymologyOnline
1103:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1067:: 569, 572–574.
1061:London Magazine
1054:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1001:
1000:
996:
983:Stephen, Leslie
974:
973:
969:
956:Stephen, Leslie
947:
946:
942:
929:Stephen, Leslie
920:
919:
915:
902:
898:
887:
886:
882:
877:
873:
862:
858:
849:
845:
832:
831:
827:
815:
810:
809:
805:
768:
767:
760:
754:Free Dictionary
748:
744:
736:
732:
722:
718:
711:
707:
702:
697:
675:Barons Dunboyne
611:
599:Knights Templar
573:
565:
559:
536:
530:
479:, Constable of
451:
368:
358:, and then his
356:royal household
263:comes scholarum
192:Old High German
159:Norman Conquest
144:
90:royal household
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1188:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1141:
1137:at Wiktionary
1123:
1122:External links
1120:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1070:
1047:
1022:
1015:
994:
967:
940:
913:
896:
880:
871:
856:
843:
825:
803:
758:
742:
730:
716:
704:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
682:
672:
665:Ednyfed Fychan
662:
652:
638:
633:
628:
610:
607:
577:papal conclave
572:
569:
561:Main article:
558:
555:
544:Medieval Latin
532:Main article:
529:
526:
525:
524:
517:
502:
492:
489:King Henry III
466:
465:
455:
452: AD 1000
367:
364:
257:) and junior (
221:"oldest") and
148:Medieval Latin
143:
140:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1187:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:Keynes, Simon
998:
995:
990:
989:
984:
979:
971:
968:
963:
962:
957:
952:
944:
941:
936:
935:
930:
925:
917:
914:
910:
906:
900:
897:
892:
891:
884:
881:
875:
872:
868:
867:
863:D. H. Green,
860:
857:
853:
847:
844:
839:
835:
829:
826:
821:
814:
807:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
784:: 148 n. 29.
783:
779:
775:
771:
770:Williams, Ann
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:
743:
739:
734:
731:
727:
726:
720:
717:
714:
709:
706:
699:
694:
690:
686:
683:
680:
676:
673:
670:
666:
663:
660:
656:
653:
650:
646:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
626:
625:Maison du Roi
622:
618:
617:
613:
612:
608:
606:
604:
600:
595:
591:
588:
581:
578:
570:
568:
564:
556:
554:
552:
548:
545:
541:
535:
527:
522:
518:
515:
511:
507:
506:Thomas Felton
503:
500:
496:
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
470:
469:
463:
459:
456:
446:
445:
444:
442:
440:
439:
432:
428:
426:
425:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:late medieval
365:
363:
361:
357:
353:
352:comes scholae
349:
345:
344:
338:
332:
328:
324:
318:
312:
308:
304:
299:
295:
290:
286:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:
241:
238:
234:
230:
225:
219:
213:
209:
204:
197:
193:
188:
184:
179:
174:
170:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
149:
141:
139:
137:
134:
132:
130:
129:
122:
118:
117:seneschalties
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:late medieval
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
65:
35:
34:
19:
1150:Court titles
1133:
1125:
1111:
1101:Bibliography
1079:
1073:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1034:
1025:
1006:
997:
986:
970:
959:
943:
932:
916:
904:
899:
889:
883:
874:
864:
859:
851:
850:Leo Wiener,
846:
837:
828:
819:
806:
781:
777:
773:
745:
733:
723:
719:
708:
614:
603:Grand Master
596:
593:
583:
574:
566:
550:
546:
537:
521:John Chandos
481:Dover Castle
467:
434:
420:
414:
393:sénéchaussée
383:
369:
351:
347:
341:
275:Vulgar Latin
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:Roman Empire
249:in the late
244:
242:
168:
166:Anglo-Norman
163:
150:
145:
138:
135:
124:
116:
101:early modern
94:
32:
31:
29:
878:Wiener, 34.
750:"seneschal"
687:, Scottish
659:King Arthur
384:seneschalty
348:Cod. Theod.
337:dryhtealdor
294:Old English
187:siniscalcus
155:dish-bearer
74:Middle Ages
1144:Categories
1040:23 January
909:pp. 237-38
695:References
323:truhtigomo
233:Late Latin
190:(692 AD),
103:nation of
18:Seneschals
1134:seneschal
798:0263-6751
772:(1982). "
700:Citations
636:Majordomo
510:Aquitaine
438:bailliage
431:bailiwick
410:Philip II
398:Languedoc
366:In France
331:dryhtguma
307:Old Saxon
196:senescalh
178:siniscalc
173:Old Dutch
169:seneschal
86:majordomo
33:seneschal
30:The word
752:Via the
609:See also
547:discifer
516:in 1372.
514:Bordeaux
501:in 1360.
402:Normandy
346:of 413 (
317:truhting
311:druhting
259:juniores
255:seniores
151:discifer
113:sénéchal
985:(ed.).
958:(ed.).
931:(ed.).
689:Steward
679:Ireland
655:Sir Kay
647:" and "
641:Sheriff
631:Marshal
597:In the
557:In Sark
551:dapifer
417:bailiff
303:retinue
280:dructis
271:warband
267:scholae
246:scholae
218:sinista
215:"old",
212:sineigs
206:- (cf.
121:bailiff
82:steward
1116:(1913)
1086:
1013:
796:
619:– the
571:Papacy
499:Poitou
424:bailli
406:Hallam
388:French
314:, OHG
229:calque
208:Gothic
142:Origin
128:bailli
109:French
105:France
981:. In
954:. In
927:. In
816:(PDF)
649:reeve
645:shire
380:crown
298:dryht
289:truht
278:*
273:(cf.
224:scalc
201:*
183:Latin
176:*
1084:ISBN
1042:2023
1011:ISBN
822:: 7.
794:ISSN
587:mace
519:Sir
504:Sir
400:and
374:and
243:The
203:sini
146:The
99:and
76:and
786:doi
590:it.
549:or
538:In
443:).
370:In
285:OHG
231:of
133:).
84:or
1146::
1065:10
1063:.
1059:.
1033:.
836:.
818:.
792:.
782:10
780:.
761:^
651:".
627:")
605:.
449:c.
404:.
390::
334:,
327:OE
320:,
292:,
283:,
161:.
111::
61:əl
1092:.
1044:.
1019:.
911:.
894:.
890:1
840:.
800:.
788::
740:.
681:.
671:.
661:.
464:.
454:.
433:(
419:(
386:(
153:(
123:(
64:/
58:ʃ
55:ə
52:n
49:ɛ
46:s
43:ˈ
40:/
36:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.