957:
1035:
144:
1054:
1066:
867:
937:
858:, used for various categories of native soldier. Initially it referred to Hindu or Muslim soldiers without regular uniforms or discipline. It later generically referred to all native soldiers in the service of the European powers in India. Close to ninety-six percent of the British East India Company's army of 300,000 men were native to India and these sepoys played a crucial role in securing the subcontinent for the company.
33:
1034:
956:
1253:
It is to the military genius of the French that we are indebted for the formation of the Indian army. Our warlike neighbours were the first to introduce into India the system of drilling native troops and converting them into a regularly disciplined force. Their example was copied by us, and the
1141:
The salary of the sepoys employed by the East India
Company, while not substantially greater than that paid by the rulers of Indian states, was usually paid regularly. Advances could be given and family allotments from pay due were permitted when the troops served abroad. There was a
1146:
and regular rations were provided. Weapons, clothing and ammunition were provided centrally, in contrast to the soldiers of local kings whose pay was often in arrears. In addition local rulers usually expected their sepoys to arm themselves and to sustain themselves through plunder.
1150:
This combination of factors led to the development of a sense of shared honour and ethos amongst the well drilled and disciplined Indian soldiery who formed the key to the success of
European feats of arms in India and abroad.
1229:) were raised to augment the French regulars and Swiss mercenary troops available. By 1720 the sepoys in French service numbered about 10,000. Although much reduced in numbers after their decisive defeat in India at the
1112:
regions. Recruitment was undertaken locally by battalions or regiments often from the same community, village and even family. The commanding officer of a battalion became a form of substitute for the village chief or
1137:
and frequently paraded before the men. They formed a rallying point in battle. The oath of fealty by the sepoy was given to the East India
Company and included a pledge of faithfulness to the salt that one has eaten.
742:
and its other
European counterparts employed locally recruited soldiers within India, mainly consisting of infantry designated as "sepoys". The largest sepoy force, trained along European lines, served the
1158:
the surviving East India
Company regiments were merged into a new Indian Army under the direct control of the British Crown. The designation of "sepoy" was retained for Indian soldiers below the rank of
1096:. The emphasis here favored tall and soldierly recruits, broadly defined as being "of a proper caste and of sufficient size". In the Bengal Army however, recruitment was only amongst high caste
1800:
1390:
has historically been used as a pejorative colloquial expression referring to individuals considered as serving foreign interests, as opposed to serving their own country.
1125:(from "platoon"). There were many family and community ties amongst the troops and numerous instances where family members enlisted in the same battalion or regiment. The
1065:
1053:
1834:
143:
1829:
1668:
936:
1819:
838:
came into common use in the forces of the
British East India Company in the eighteenth century, where it was one of a number of names, such as
1012:
By the 18th century individual Nawabs employed their own sepoy units as did the
European merchant companies established in parts of India.
233:
1015:
Sepoys became more visible when they gained
European arms and fought for various fragmented polities of the Mughal Empire during the
1751:
1716:
1693:
1647:
1622:
1589:
1534:
1442:
116:
261:
228:
223:
54:
1371:, implying that they are not a national police of the Basque region due to their connection with the Spanish government.
1839:
1242:
479:
456:
432:
97:
1133:; the new sepoy having to swear an oath in front of them on enlistment. These colours were stored in honour in the
1085:
744:
292:
69:
43:
1212:
739:
728:
280:
1824:
1405:
1399:
1155:
314:
1245:
until it was disbanded and replaced by a locally recruited gendarmerie in 1898. The 19th century diplomat Sir
1249:
commented about the
British East India Company copying the French Indian army in raising an army of Indians:
76:
1023:. After which the importance of the local sepoy diminished and were replaced by the "European hired Sepoy".
394:
50:
570:
365:
348:
338:
331:
309:
256:
866:
803:
83:
1466:
Gerald Bryant (1978). "Officers of the East India
Company's army in the days of Clive and Hastings".
1045:
576:
540:
372:
304:
287:
249:
1763:
1230:
1072:
901:
the Mughal armies had advanced significantly and utilized a wider range of weapons to win battles.
717:
297:
1732:
65:
1773:
1483:
1130:
360:
1801:
Qué significan cipayo, gorila fondos bruite y otras palabras que todos repiten y pocos conocen.
1844:
1747:
1712:
1689:
1643:
1618:
1585:
1530:
1500:
1290:
1093:
1089:
909:
399:
389:
326:
321:
1767:
1606:
1573:
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1375:
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muskets and operated bulky and inefficient cannons to a limited extent during the reigns of
792:
687:
871:
493:
472:
449:
382:
343:
275:
270:
1614:
1581:
1427:, meaning "the one who rides" in Persian, was originally a rank during the Mughal period.
1410:
1326:
963:
815:
763:
626:
546:
534:
416:
406:
172:
1813:
1523:
1487:
1418:
1322:
1314:
1134:
1105:
1016:
979:
943:
905:
844:
808:
788:
759:
755:
656:
509:
441:
168:
1246:
1143:
1041:
1006:
912:
the sepoys of the Mughal Empire employed more advanced types of musket, as well as
879:
732:
599:
487:
377:
90:
1764:
La AN condena a dos años de cárcel al autor de los destrozos en el "bosque de Oma"
1607:
1574:
1414:
1318:
913:
751:
720:
32:
1225:
993:. By the mid to late 17th century they began to utilize more upgraded forms of
1479:
1368:
1286:
1160:
1020:
990:
562:
411:
1731:
by Lady Mary Leonora Woulfe Sheil, with additional notes by Sir Justin Sheil
969:
leads his final expedition (1705), (sepoy column visible in the lower right).
1379:
1364:
1002:
966:
898:
887:
875:
355:
148:
1040:
Kala, the Sepoy, with Saber Drawn and in Uniform. Two miniatures from the
1233:
in 1760, France continued to maintain a Military Corps of Indian Sepoys (
897:
when archery and fighting from horseback was more common. By the time of
642:
552:
527:
521:
515:
180:
1640:
A Matter of Honour – An Account of the Indian Army, its Officers and Men
1337:
The same Persian word reached English via another route in the forms of
750:
The term "sipahi" (or sometimes "sepoy") continues in use in the modern
1550:
1097:
664:
466:
17:
1439:, African troops in service to colonial powers similar to the Sepoys.
1436:
1430:
1340:
1282:
1101:
1009:
which were also used for transport, hauling artillery and in combat.
998:
994:
986:
978:
or a sepoy was an infantryman armed with a musket in the army of the
917:
854:
821:
724:
712:
202:
1305:
during the final years of Portuguese rule of that Indian territory.
1424:
1349:
1281:(sepoy) was also applied by the Portuguese to African soldiers in
1109:
1076:
894:
891:
865:
593:
184:
176:
1338:
819:
780:(Aspa) means horse and Ispahai is also the word for cavalrymen.
1302:
702:
696:
26:
1088:
initially recruited sepoys from the local communities in the
1121:
or the "father and mother" of the sepoys making up the
1788:" es el que se da a los miembros de la Policía» vasca.
1313:
The title of "sepoy" is still retained in the modern
807:), meaning the traditional "infantry soldier" in the
693:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1163:, except in cavalry where the equivalent ranks were
699:
690:
198:
190:
164:
156:
136:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1522:
1468:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
1295:
1275:
1770:, 12 January 2005. Quoting a sentence from the
1251:
1129:("honour") of the unit was represented by the
1780:
1771:
1384:
1363:, the Basque version of the word, is used by
1325:. In each of these it designates the rank of
1301:from Angola provided part of the garrison of
985:The earliest sepoys were armed with daggers,
796:
775:
8:
1783:
1705:
1357:
1347:
1235:
1217:
1686:Louis XV's Army – Colonial and Naval Troops
1782:«siendo público y notorio que el término "
1413:, a contemporary soldier of the armies of
212:
129:Designation given to a South Asian soldier
1529:. London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston.
1104:communities, mainly from the present day
1059:Sepoy of the Indian infantry, circa 1900.
1001:. These sepoys also operated and mounted
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1169:
1458:
1223:) in 1719, companies of Indian sepoys (
1030:
932:
619:
1729:Glimpses of Life and Manners in Persia
1293:, plus African rural police officers.
133:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1237:corps militaire des cipayes de l'Inde
762:armies, where it denotes the rank of
7:
1433:, Indian sailors in European service
55:adding citations to reliable sources
1071:An early 20th century sepoy in the
776:
217:Equivalent ranks of Indian military
716:, is a term denoting professional
660:in cavalry and armoured regiments.
25:
1835:Military ranks of the Indian Army
1443:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
1402:(termed by some The Sepoy Mutiny)
929:Mughal Empire 16th–18th centuries
826:was used to refer to cavalrymen.
646:in cavalry and armoured regiments
632:in cavalry and armoured regiments
1367:as an insult for members of the
1064:
1052:
1033:
955:
935:
686:
142:
31:
1830:Military ranks of British India
1707:Les Troupes de Marine 1622–1984
1211:Following the formation of the
42:needs additional citations for
1269:Sepoys were also recruited in
1254:result is what we now behold.
1:
1820:Military of the Mughal Empire
1669:"Pay, Allowances and Pension"
1259:Sir Justin Sheil (1803–1871).
1005:pieces and sharpshooter upon
723:, traditionally armed with a
1339:
1265:Sepoys in Portuguese service
946:sepoy, under the command of
820:
1365:leftist Basque nationalists
797:
729:armies of the Mughal Empire
1863:
1642:. Macmillan. p. 125.
1613:. Bloomsbury USA. p.
1580:. Bloomsbury USA. p.
745:British East India Company
1480:10.1080/03086537808582508
1378:countries, especially in
1213:French East India Company
1176:Salary In Rupees (1760s)
1027:Sepoys in British service
886:The earliest sepoys used
870:Sepoy units loyal to the
802:
740:French East India Company
738:In the 18th century, the
616:
605:
499:
425:Junior commissioned ranks
422:
239:
215:
141:
1406:Maharajah and the Sepoys
1400:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1207:Sepoys in French service
1156:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1605:Nicolle, David (1993).
1572:Nicolle, David (1993).
1784:
1781:
1772:
1706:
1638:Mason, Philip (1986).
1609:Mughul India 1504–1761
1576:Mughul India 1504–1761
1551:"India's Sepoy Mutiny"
1521:Mason, Philip (1974).
1445:, known in Persian as
1385:
1358:
1348:
1296:
1276:
1262:
1236:
1224:
1218:
883:
502:Non-commissioned ranks
494:Junior warrant officer
450:Master warrant officer
194:infantry and artillery
160:16th to 21st centuries
869:
571:Acting Lance-Daffadar
1046:The David Collection
1044:. Delhi, 1815–1816.
577:Leading aircraftsman
373:Lieutenant commander
264:the Indian Air Force
51:improve this article
1840:Pakistan Army ranks
1744:Armies of the World
1309:Contemporary sepoys
1231:Battle of Wandewash
1219:Compagnie des Indes
1094:Bombay Presidencies
1774:Audiencia Nacional
1525:A Matter of Honour
1131:regimental colours
1086:East India Company
884:
361:Lieutenant colonel
293:Lieutenant general
242:Commissioned ranks
1501:Presidency armies
1376:Hispanic American
1291:Portuguese Guinea
1204:
1203:
910:Anglo-Mysore Wars
677:
676:
400:Flight lieutenant
281:Air chief marshal
208:
207:
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
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1804:
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1684:Rene Chartrand,
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1503:
1498:
1492:
1491:
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1388:
1361:
1353:
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1271:Portuguese India
1260:
1239:
1221:
1170:
1068:
1056:
1037:
959:
948:Mirza Najaf Khan
939:
830:Historical usage
825:
806:
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709:
708:
705:
704:
701:
698:
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315:Air vice marshal
234:Indian Air Force
213:
146:
134:
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1825:Colonial troops
1810:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1762:
1758:
1754:, pp. 312, 545.
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1335:
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1069:
1060:
1057:
1048:
1038:
1029:
970:
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940:
931:
926:
872:Nawab of Bengal
864:
832:
772:
689:
685:
673:
672:
661:
654:
650:
640:
636:
625:
621:
612:
504:
481:
473:Warrant officer
460:
458:
436:
434:
427:
383:Squadron leader
263:
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244:
218:
211:
183:
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36:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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1793:
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1742:John Keegan,
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1721:
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1623:
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1564:
1542:
1535:
1504:
1493:
1474:(3): 203–227.
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1201:
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1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1167:or "trooper".
1154:Following the
1082:
1081:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1025:
972:
971:
964:Mughal Emperor
961:
954:
952:
941:
934:
930:
927:
925:
922:
863:
860:
831:
828:
816:Ottoman Empire
771:
768:
710:), related to
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535:Leading seaman
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484:
476:
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463:
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447:
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417:Flying officer
414:
409:
407:Sub lieutenant
403:
402:
397:
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386:
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369:
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366:Wing commander
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173:Maratha Empire
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1553:. Fsmitha.com
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1369:Basque Police
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1362:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1332:
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1324:
1323:Pakistan Army
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1316:
1315:Nepalese Army
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1135:quarter guard
1132:
1128:
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1120:
1117:. He was the
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1111:
1107:
1106:Uttar Pradesh
1103:
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1095:
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1062:
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1050:
1047:
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1017:Carnatic Wars
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:war elephants
1004:
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996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
980:Mughal Empire
977:
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906:Carnatic Wars
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837:
829:
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809:Mughal Empire
805:
799:
794:
791:-form of the
790:
786:
781:
769:
767:
765:
761:
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753:
748:
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682:
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657:Naib risaldar
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1333:Other usages
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1273:. The term
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1247:Justin Sheil
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288:Vice admiral
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49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1719:, pp. 50–51
1382:, the word
1319:Indian Army
1243:Pondicherry
1173:Presidency
1073:Indian Army
914:blunderbuss
904:During the
874:armed with
774:In Persian
721:infantryman
668:until 1965.
298:Air marshal
229:Indian Army
224:Indian Navy
1814:Categories
1453:References
1287:Mozambique
1161:lance naik
1021:Bengal War
991:matchlocks
789:anglicised
412:Lieutenant
390:Lieutenant
262:Marshal of
250:Admiral of
151:as a sepoy
77:newspapers
1488:159458449
1380:Argentina
1115:gaon bura
1003:artillery
997:and even
967:Aurangzeb
920:weapons.
899:Aurangzeb
888:matchlock
876:artillery
862:Equipment
834:The term
818:the term
783:The term
770:Etymology
727:, in the
609:Footnotes
461:2nd class
437:1st class
356:Commander
327:Brigadier
322:Commodore
252:the fleet
199:Equipment
149:Hyder Ali
1845:Infantry
1419:Pakistan
1394:See also
1257:—
1119:mai-baap
1019:and the
855:topasses
760:Nepalese
756:Pakistan
731:and the
643:Risaldar
628:Risaldar
583:Seaman 2
559:Seaman 1
553:Corporal
528:Sergeant
522:Daffadar
516:Havildar
181:Pakistan
1327:private
1297:Cipaios
1226:cipayes
1197:Madras
1189:Bombay
1181:Bengal
1098:Brahmin
999:rockets
995:muskets
987:talwars
924:History
850:mestees
845:gentoos
814:In the
793:Persian
787:is the
764:private
665:jemadar
662:Called
467:Subedar
443:Subedar
395:Captain
344:Colonel
339:Captain
276:General
271:Admiral
165:Country
91:scholar
66:"Sepoy"
1785:zipaio
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1437:Askari
1431:Lascar
1386:cipayo
1359:Zipaio
1341:sipahi
1283:Angola
1277:cipaio
1123:paltan
1102:Rajput
1090:Madras
976:Sipahi
944:Mughal
918:rocket
822:sipahi
798:sepāhī
752:Indian
725:musket
718:Indian
713:sipahi
563:Lance
203:Musket
191:Branch
157:Active
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18:Sepoys
1672:(PDF)
1484:S2CID
1447:Sepah
1425:Sowar
1415:India
1411:Jawan
1350:spahi
1241:) in
1165:sowar
1127:izzat
1110:Bihar
1077:kurta
895:Akbar
892:Babur
840:peons
836:sepoy
804:سپاهی
795:word
785:sepoy
681:Sepoy
630:major
594:Sowar
588:Sepoy
480:Chief
445:major
378:Major
185:Nepal
177:India
137:Sepoy
98:JSTOR
84:books
1768:Deia
1748:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1559:2013
1531:ISBN
1417:and
1345:and
1321:and
1289:and
1108:and
1100:and
1092:and
1084:The
989:and
962:The
916:and
908:and
852:and
758:and
565:naik
541:Naik
70:news
1476:doi
1374:In
1355:.
1303:Goa
777:اسپ
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