380:
Germany; and
Company "C" the 387th at Waldsassen, Germany. Sections of the Reconnaissance Platoon were attached to each of the companies to act as liaison between Battalion Headquarters and the Companies. Two platoons of Company "D" remained at Hof to guard the Eastern approaches of the city from an expected counter-attack, while one platoon of Company "D", together with the Assault Gun Platoon, joined the 97th Reconnaissance Troop in the northwestern Sudeten city of Rossbach. The remainder of Headquarters Company and all of Service Company remained under Battalion control, all being part of the Division Reserve. The Division front now extended from Rossbach in the north to Tirschenreuth in the south. The platoon from Company "D" and the Assault Gun Platoon, with the Reconnaissance Troop, on the left flank, the 386th and the 387th Regimental Combat Teams in the center, and the 303rd on the right flank. Service Company had the difficult task of keeping the widely scattered tanks supplied with gas and ammunition, a job excellently performed. Frequently Company "D" provided light tanks to act as armed guards for the thin skinned trucks shuttling to the front.
328:
259:
divisions, were usually quickly rotated between different infantry units, not only within a single division but among other divisions as well. At the small-unit level, this made the development of the teamwork and esprit so important to the success of the tank-infantry team almost impossible. Because of their independent existence, GHQ tank battalions lacked proper care and support. Outside of a regular division's personnel and supply channels, GHQ tank battalions suffered from lack of crew replacements, supplies, and spare parts. Unfortunately, GHQ tank battalions were often indifferently commanded, the best armor officers being chosen to command tank battalions within armored divisions. The problem of GHQ tank battalions was a sore one and accompanied the U.S. Army to the French mainland.
219:
22:
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divisions as possible. While armored divisions were expected to perform the massed breakout thrusts that were increasingly commonplace in Europe, the smaller battalions were essential in supporting and maintaining smaller infantry advances. Armored and airborne divisions also received separate tank battalions when they were needed to successfully complete their objectives.
301:
be held as replacements in the event of loss or damage in the advance. Some 50 additional men were also drawn by the
Battalion and were assigned to Dog company to be held as reserves. The new men were given a rapid orientation course on the tanks and were tentatively assigned to the reserve vehicles to form an emergency company in the event of its being needed.
348:
support operations. This could be broken down even further when required, with each of the three tank platoons of a medium tank company being assigned to one of the regiment's three infantry battalions. When breaking out of the Bocage in
Normandy, the smallest possible combination—a single tank operating with a nine-man infantry squad—was often used.
300:
Seventeen M4 tanks had been received as a reserve pool for the outfit, and each of the medium companies exchanged one platoon of their M4A3s for an equal number of the 75 mm tanks. Plans called for the use of the older tanks to be used in advancing through the mine fields, and the newer jobs to
189:
An important event that helped create many separate tank battalions was an organizational change in armored divisions that occurred in late 1943. Planners decided that the original 1942 armored division model containing six tank battalions was too large. The 1943 model slightly reduced the number of
247:
light tanks. The battalion also had an HQ with two M4s and a service company and a headquarters company, the latter having additional firepower in the form of three more M4 or M4A3 105 mm assault guns and a platoon of three mortar-equipped halftracks. The total number of tanks and assault guns
157:
being natural barriers to fast-moving vehicular units. This ensured that infantry still had a very important place, especially when conditions favored advancing across a broad front. In order for infantry to successfully engage an enemy, having tanks available to support this engagement was seen by
379:
On the 22nd of April, the
Battalion moved from Oberkotzau, Germany to Wunsiedel, Germany. Here the attachment of the line companies to the Regimental Combat Teams of the 97th Division was completed. Company "A" joined the 303rd (Regiment) at Rehau, Germany; Company "B" joined the 386th at Arzburg,
347:
Separate tank battalions were rarely, if ever, used as a single formation in combat, and spent most of their time attached to infantry divisions. The U.S. infantry division of World War II contained three infantry regiments, and each medium tank company was usually assigned to a regiment for close
258:
Battles in the
Mediterranean and North African theaters exposed numerous organizational weaknesses in the Army. Perhaps the most significant was the existence of separate, independent GHQ tank battalions. These units, considered inferior in maintenance and training to their counterparts in armored
237:
By 1944, the structure of the separate tank battalion was identical to tank battalions assigned to armored divisions. The battalion consisted of three medium tank companies (usually A, B and C) and one light tank company (usually company D). Each medium tank company had seventeen M4 Sherman medium
147:
was created by U.S. Army planners in July 1940 to enact this new doctrine. Made up mainly of armored divisions, this force would be the main offensive element on the battlefield. In order to bolster this force, separate tank battalions were formed, mainly with the aim of using them as part of the
418:
By the war's end, infantry division commanders "unanimously agreed that they would prefer to have the support of a tank battalion instead of a tank destroyer battalion". The result was a belief that each infantry division should have its own dedicated battalion of three tank companies, with each
409:
The success of the separate tank battalions helped to convince planners that infantry divisions should have their own organic armored units rather than have tank units attached to them temporarily. This argument was helped by the "failure" of towed and self-propelled tank destroyer battalions in
363:
The longer a separate tank battalion spent attached to a single division, the smoother the combined operations were, since both infantry and armored units became familiar with each other and with the necessary tactics. Yet, this was not always possible, as the tank battalion would often be moved
169:
confirmed the need for tanks to support infantry. Infantry units found that tank support was essential in defeating German formations entrenched in towns and amongst the bocage. From that moment on, until the end of the war in Europe, separate tank battalions were attached to as many infantry
190:
tanks and reorganised from six to three tank battalions. As a result, the U.S. Army fielded two different types of armored division during the war: the "heavy" armored division, based on the 1942 structure (which applied to armored divisions already overseas when the change took place, the
414:
turned up in late 1944). As a result, self-propelled tank destroyer units were often used in the same way as separate tank battalions—providing fire support for infantry actions. Nevertheless, their thinly armored hulls and open turret tops made them more vulnerable to enemy fire.
422:
U.S. divisions in the Korean War all had a single tank battalion attached to them. The hilly Korean
Peninsula made it difficult for tanks to be used in a breakthrough role, so all of the UN forces were infantry units with various tank battalions attached for infantry support. The
359:
troop in their operations. This was due to the severe limitations of the M5 Stuart light tank, which, by 1944, was under-gunned and too lightly armored to be effective in anything but reconnaissance missions (the 752nd Tank
Battalion referred to the 37mm gun as a "peashooter").
152:
which had proven to the U.S. Army the importance of concentrating armored units rather than spreading them out. However, not all engagements could be best solved through massed armored attacks. Terrain was an especially important variable, with hills, forests, swamps and
410:
fulfilling their primary mission—providing quick, massed anti-tank fire against a large German armored thrust. This failure was partly due to the rarity of German armored thrusts throughout the ETO, and partly due to a lack of firepower (at least until the
273:
The separate tank battalions performed well in Europe and Italy, but new equipment was prioritised for the armored divisions. This meant that these battalions were slow to receive upgraded equipment, such as the 76 mm
Sherman and the new M24 Chaffee.
135:
called for large, maneuverable armored forces to be concentrated in one area of the front to overwhelm enemy defenses, with the aim of surrounding and cutting off the enemy formations left behind. This strategy was in contrast to previous ideas of
210:). One of the consequences of this change of organization was that the newer armored divisions lost three tank battalions, all of which were either shifted into incomplete armored divisions, turned into separate battalions, or deactivated.
1349:
A similar situation befell the 751st Tank
Battalion in Italy at the same time - M24s that had been issued to them were taken by the 1st Armored Division and the 751st were reissued with M3/M5s that were in very poor condition.
327:
126:
The advent of highly mobile and reliable tanks radically changed the nature of warfare during World War II. The use of tanks and other vehicles to create decisive breakthroughs became commonplace. The German
281:, serving in Italy. It was February 1945 before the unit was equipped with 76 mm Shermans. In March, however, the battalion was issued 17 new M24 Chaffee light tanks. This proved a boon to operations:
242:
howitzer an assault tank. The light tank company had seventeen M3 or M5 Stuart tanks (organized identically to the medium tank company, minus the assault gun), which began to be replaced late in the war by
182:
was the U.S. Army's first separate tank battalion, activated on 15 June 1940, from
Regular Army troops. Four more separate tank battalions (the 191st–194th) were formed soon after from
400:
fire, deadly against armor. The tanks also proved valuable in blowing up road blocks and mounting up the Infantry to exploit the rout of the fast-crumbling remnants of the German Army.
226:
It was originally determined that there would be a mix of light tank battalions and medium tank battalions in the field in both Europe and Italy. However, the limitations of the
186:
tank companies from California, Connecticut, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Virginia, and Wisconsin. More battalions were activated throughout 1942 and 1943.
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506:
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as the enemy was strongest in automatic and semi-automatic fire, so dangerous to the Infantry. The Infantry, on the other hand, protected the tanks from the ever-present
515:
Formed prior to America's entry into WWII, the 70th was considered an "elite" unit from the outset. The 70th successfully landed its DD Shermans on Utah Beach on D-Day.
289:, they were moved into the lines for additional fire power, and to relieve some of the medium units which had been in position constantly since the previous October.
1543:
140:, namely that tanks should support infantry thrusts and assaults, and that armored units should be broken up into smaller groups to support infantry action.
375:, with the three medium companies being assigned to the infantry regiments while the light company was assigned to various duties under divisional control:
424:
306:
87:
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884:
25:
Tank of the 745th Tank Battalion, attached to the 1st Infantry Division, U.S. First Army, rolls through former German block in Gladbach, Germany.
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539:
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48:. These battalions were temporarily attached to infantry, armored, or airborne divisions according to need, though at least one battalion (
510:
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Division model had a tank battalion attached as standard. As of 2020, U.S. Marine divisions all have their own organic tank battalions.
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But it appears that the new tanks had been issued in error. A few weeks later they were taken away and the battalion was re-issued M5s.
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148:
armored strategy but also allowing them to be used in other areas. This strategy was further validated by the experience during the
113:
52:) spent the entire war in Europe attached to one division. They were also known as general headquarters ("GHQ") tank battalions.
202:) and the "light" armored division based on the 1944 structure (which would apply to all newer armored divisions, the 4th–14th,
183:
91:
45:
600:
467:
Airborne tank battalion later reorganized as a medium tank battalion. Sent to the Philippines in 1945 but saw no combat
144:
493:
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149:
76:
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The 782nd also experienced the mutual relationship with the infantry, where both served to protect the other:
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was 76, though few battalions operated for any period of time with a full complement after entering combat.
95:
80:
21:
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278:
162:
49:
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The experience of the 782nd Tank Battalion in late April 1945 was fairly typical once it joined the
351:
The light tank company was seldom used in direct infantry support missions, and usually served in a
296:
The battalion were then issued a "reserve company" of older M4 Shermans to do with as they saw fit:
629:
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310:
179:
625:
411:
340:
286:
37:
309:, which were originally created to blunt potential armored thrusts by the enemy. But, after the
238:
tanks (in three platoons of five tanks, with two more in the company headquarters) and a single
1676:
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1627:
1557:
1537:
1496:
1471:
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313:, German armor was rarely used en masse, which allowed them to be used more in support roles.
718:, the previously separated 714th Tank Battalion rejoined the 12th AD and fought in the ETO.
234:
medium tanks, eventually forced a change into a mixed unit of both light and medium tanks.
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166:
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light tank in tank-versus-tank combat, along with increasing numbers of mass-produced
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322:
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Busting the Bocage: American Combined Arms Operations in France, 6 June-31 July 1944
266:
Busting the Bocage: American Combined Arms Operations in France, 6 June-31 July 1944
41:
562:
475:
462:
393:
244:
65:
1354:, pg 222 of 242, "Report of action for month of April, Section V - Maintenance"
1615:. 1945 – via Ike Skelton Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library.
1493:
The Infantry's Armor: The U.S. Army's Separate Tank Battalions in World War II
239:
231:
128:
1409:
1444:
1431:
227:
1587:. G.I. Stories. Paris: Information and Education Division, ETOUSA. 1945.
1521:
431:
1117:
Converted to amphibian tractor battalion; never left the United States
871:
Light Tank Battalion. Landed in Europe 30 June 1944. Initially part of
372:
485:
154:
848:
Converted to amphibian tank battalion; never left the United States
339:. The tank / infantry combination became an essential feature of US
1654:
US Armored Divisions - The European Theater of Operations, 1944-45
326:
305:
The infantry support role was also augmented by the presence of
59:
1584:
Speed is the Password: The Story of the 12th Armored Division
1434:" (1945). World War Regimental Histories. 9. pp. 17 & 21
1393:
Ike Skelton Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library
1226:, sent to the Philippines in 1945 but did not see combat.
1673:
US Tank and Tank Destroyer Battalions in the ETO 1944–45
1468:
US Tank and Tank Destroyer Battalions in the ETO 1944–45
696:
Re-equipped as a flamethrower tank battalion before the
1516:
82nd Airborne Division – Special Troops 1952 Yearbook.
567:
Destroyed in the Philippines in 1942, save Company B
419:
company serving one of the three Infantry Regiments.
364:
somewhere else and attached to a different division.
222:
World War II tank battalion structure, November 1944.
1675:. Battle Orders No. 10. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
710:When the 44th Tank Battalion was detached from the
158:many infantry commanders as an important priority.
16:
Military formations used by the US Army during WWII
1447:" (1945). World War Regimental Histories. 9 p. 17
1281:Sent to the Philippines in 1945 but saw no combat
1628:"US Army in World War II - Armor and Tank Types"
1612:744th Light Tank Battalion's VE Day reminiscence
285:Since the light tankers were now equipped with
256:
1404:
1402:
1400:
8:
335:works with a single M4 medium tank from the
1542:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
94:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1656:. Battle Orders No. 3. Osprey Publishing.
441:
1706:Tank battalions of the United States Army
1558:"80th Infantry Division - Unit Histories"
1352:After action report, 751st Tank Battalion
1314:Converted to amphibian tractor battalion
1158:Converted to amphibian tractor battalion
762:Converted to amphibian tractor battalion
729:Converted to amphibian tractor battalion
425:Battle of Pusan Perimeter order of battle
114:Learn how and when to remove this message
1325:Never left the United States; disbanded
578:Never left the United States; disbanded
388:(T)he tanks proved a great asset to the
217:
20:
1420:. United States Army: 50. January 1945.
1367:
1342:
1591:from the original on 17 September 2018
1535:
1237:Converted to amphibian tank battalion
1189:Converted to amphibian tank battalion
643:Converted to amphibian tank battalion
7:
277:One example of this occurred to the
92:adding citations to reliable sources
1416:. World War Regimental Histories.
603:from August 6th,1944 to May 1945.
355:role or to augment the division's
14:
443:List of separate tank battalions
343:during the war in Western Europe.
1634:. MilitaryHistoryOnline.com, LLC
484:, first tank battalion to enter
64:
904:Landed on Omaha Beach on D-Day
837:Landed on Omaha Beach on D-Day
624:Virtually wiped out during the
1048:Colored; light tank battalion
917:Landed on Utah Beach on D-Day
46:European Theater of Operations
1:
1626:Anderson, Richard C. (2000).
1495:. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole.
494:Santo Tomas Internment Camp
331:An infantry squad from the
1722:
1652:Zaloga, Steven J. (2004).
1224:U.S. 12th Armored Division
712:U.S. 12th Armored Division
482:U.S. 12th Armored Division
320:
240:Sherman with a 105 mm
430:By the mid 1950s, the US
427:shows this very clearly.
307:Tank Destroyer battalions
1599:– via Lone Sentry.
1391:. November 1988. p. 11.
1389:Combat Studies Institute
1387:by Michael D. Doubler".
150:Battle of Kasserine Pass
30:Separate tank battalions
1671:Zaloga, Steven (2005).
1632:Military History Online
1466:Zaloga, Steven (2005).
885:75th Infantry Division
402:
382:
369:97th Infantry Division
357:cavalry reconnaissance
344:
303:
291:
264:– Michael D. Doubler,
261:
223:
26:
1518:"44th Tank Battalion"
1491:Yeide, Harry (2010).
1443:United States Army, "
1430:United States Army, "
1319:812th Tank Battalion
1308:788th Tank Battalion
1286:786th Tank Battalion
1275:785th Tank Battalion
1252:782nd Tank Battalion
1242:781st Tank Battalion
1231:780th Tank Battalion
1216:779th Tank Battalion
1194:777th Tank Battalion
1183:776th Tank Battalion
1173:775th Tank Battalion
1163:774th Tank Battalion
1152:773rd Tank Battalion
1142:772nd Tank Battalion
1132:771st Tank Battalion
1122:766th Tank Battalion
1111:764th Tank Battalion
1089:762nd Tank Battalion
1066:760th Tank Battalion
1061:Light tank battalion
1030:757th Tank Battalion
1008:755th Tank Battalion
986:753rd Tank Battalion
964:751st Tank Battalion
954:750th Tank Battalion
944:749th Tank Battalion
934:748th Tank Battalion
875:Reserve. Attached to
865:744th Tank Battalion
842:742nd Tank Battalion
819:740th Tank Battalion
809:739th Tank Battalion
799:738th Tank Battalion
789:737th Tank Battalion
779:736th Tank Battalion
756:718th Tank Battalion
734:716th Tank Battalion
723:715th Tank Battalion
704:714th Tank Battalion
678:712th Tank Battalion
668:711th Tank Battalion
658:710th Tank Battalion
648:709th Tank Battalion
637:708th Tank Battalion
618:707th Tank Battalion
608:706th Tank Battalion
593:702nd Tank Battalion
583:701st Tank Battalion
572:662nd Tank Battalion
559:194th Tank Battalion
520:191st Tank Battalion
386:
377:
333:9th Infantry Division
330:
298:
283:
221:
24:
1562:www.80thdivision.com
1445:782nd Tank Battalion
1432:782nd Tank Battalion
1414:Regimental Histories
1374:Zaloga, 2004 pp13–15
1297:787th Tank Battalion
1263:784th Tank Battalion
1205:778th Tank Battalion
1100:763rd Tank Battalion
1077:761st Tank Battalion
1054:759th Tank Battalion
1041:758th Tank Battalion
1019:756th Tank Battalion
997:754th Tank Battalion
975:752nd Tank Battalion
923:747th Tank Battalion
910:746th Tank Battalion
897:745th Tank Battalion
854:743rd Tank Battalion
830:741st Tank Battalion
768:735th Tank Battalion
745:717th Tank Battalion
689:713th Tank Battalion
548:193rd Tank Battalion
531:192nd Tank Battalion
472:44th Tank Battalion
459:28th Tank Battalion
451:Theaters of service
337:746th Tank Battalion
279:752nd Tank Battalion
163:Invasion of Normandy
88:improve this section
50:745th Tank Battalion
44:, especially in the
877:113th Cavalry Group
630:Battle of the Bulge
502:70th Tank Battalion
444:
311:Battle of the Bulge
180:70th Tank Battalion
167:subsequent breakout
34:military formations
1470:. Oxford: Osprey.
1222:Detached from the
887:. Finished war at
632:in December 1944.
626:Battle of Clervaux
540:in the Philippines
480:Detached from the
442:
345:
341:small unit tactics
224:
38:United States Army
27:
1663:978-1-84176-564-8
1329:
1328:
698:battle of Okinawa
124:
123:
116:
1713:
1701:Armoured warfare
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1520:. Archived from
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714:and sent to the
599:Attached to the
492:, liberated the
490:Battle of Manila
488:during the 1945
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1410:"752nd Tank Bn"
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287:75 mm guns
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268:, November 1988
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138:armored warfare
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1682:978-1841767987
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1524:on 27 May 2016
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601:80th Division
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145:Armored Force
141:
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104:February 2022
97:
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89:
83:
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78:
73:This section
71:
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1687:</ref>
1672:
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1636:. Retrieved
1631:
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1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1583:
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:the original
1511:
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86:Please help
74:
42:World War II
36:used by the
29:
28:
18:
628:during the
394:Panzerfaust
245:M24 Chaffee
133:deep battle
131:and Soviet
1695:Categories
1456:Zaloga p77
1362:References
538:Destroyed
321:See also:
252:Experience
232:M4 Sherman
129:blitzkrieg
56:Background
1023:ETO, MTO
989:ETO, MTO
883:and then
873:XIX Corps
523:ETO, MTO
390:Doughboys
353:screening
228:M5 Stuart
214:Structure
75:does not
1589:Archived
1538:cite web
1270:Colored
1084:Colored
542:in 1942
432:Pentomic
405:Post-war
165:and the
1638:29 June
1595:14 July
1567:12 July
1528:14 July
716:Pacific
373:Bavaria
317:Tactics
96:removed
81:sources
40:during
1679:
1660:
1499:
1474:
486:Manila
454:Notes
206:, and
198:, and
174:Origin
155:bocage
1337:Notes
1332:Notes
496:.
448:Unit
438:Units
32:were
1677:ISBN
1658:ISBN
1640:2015
1597:2019
1569:2024
1544:link
1530:2019
1497:ISBN
1472:ISBN
1311:PTO
1301:ETO
1289:ETO
1278:PTO
1267:ETO
1255:ETO
1245:ETO
1234:PTO
1219:PTO
1209:ETO
1197:ETO
1186:PTO
1176:PTO
1166:ETO
1155:PTO
1145:ETO
1135:ETO
1125:PTO
1104:PTO
1092:PTO
1081:ETO
1069:MTO
1058:ETO
1045:MTO
1033:MTO
1011:MTO
1001:PTO
979:MTO
967:MTO
957:ETO
947:ETO
937:ETO
927:ETO
914:ETO
901:ETO
889:Olpe
881:30th
868:ETO
858:ETO
834:ETO
822:ETO
812:ETO
802:ETO
792:ETO
782:ETO
772:ETO
759:PTO
749:ETO
737:PTO
726:PTO
707:ETO
693:PTO
681:ETO
671:PTO
661:PTO
651:ETO
640:PTO
621:ETO
611:PTO
596:ETO
586:ETO
552:PTO
535:PTO
396:and
208:20th
204:16th
178:The
161:The
143:The
79:any
77:cite
1322:ZI
1114:ZI
845:ZI
575:ZI
563:PTO
511:MTO
507:ETO
476:PTO
463:PTO
412:M36
371:in
200:3rd
196:2nd
192:1st
90:by
1697::
1630:.
1560:.
1540:}}
1536:{{
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1532:.
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117:)
111:(
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102:(
98:.
84:.
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