841:, but which also made it clear that the Bulgarian idea was no more the only option for them. A sizable part of the local population nonetheless had undergone a transformation as Serbianised Slavs. The government and its widespread massive Serbianisation campaign was unsuccessful in trying to eliminate the traces of an emerging Macedonian national consciousness among the local population. The failed assimilation of the region was due to Serb policies that were exploitative and colonial and not directed toward integration. Funds were controlled from Belgrade and the economy was geared toward resource extraction whose raw materials were bought by the government at low prices it determined for itself. The state controlled the local tobacco monopoly and acquired a steady and sizable amount of revenue without investing much in return to raise the living standards of the inhabitants. The government in Belgrade or the wider administration showed little concern toward conditions within the region. A high rate of turnover existed among ministers and officials who mainly showed up prior to elections or to advance their own career and often staff in the local administration from other parts of the country were incompetent and corrupt.
3739:"Quoiqu'ils n'aient perdu aucune opportunité de les critiquer, ce ne sont donc pas ses dispositions juridiques qui ont empêché les Serbes bosniaques de ratifier le document de Genève. A ce degré d'imprécision, forts de la licence d'interprétation et d'action que leur ont toujours concédée les responsables internationaux, ils étaient déjà assurés de poursuivre leur œuvre d'homogénéisation et d'assi milation. Ainsi que, dans une moindre mesure, la « croatisation » au sud et au centre du pays, la « serbisation » continue dans les territoires conquis, grâce à des méthodes plus discrètes - mais pas toujours moins brutales - que celles appliquées le long des lignes de front et que les Musulmans à leur tour sont condamnés à em prunter pour élargir leurs réduits."
1229:
Serbianised as 1,300 employees of Radio & TV Pristina were dismissed with television coming under
Belgrade control and a propaganda tool for the government. Albanian language newspapers were shut down and the most popular newspapers placed under the control of the government while other independent papers allowed to exist were under constant pressure from the state. Cultural institutions of Kosovo only showed Serbian productions. Albanian municipal officials and industrial workers were also dismissed from their employment. State sanctioned Serbianisation overall resulted in more than 100,000 Kosovo Albanians losing employment with many made to leave their apartments while their jobs were given to Serbs that migrated into the region.
1200:
included prohibiting the official use of
Albanian, prevention of Albanian involvement in education, severely limiting the usage of Albanian symbols and efforts to deal with the imbalances of demography between Albanians and Serbs. In the education sector Serbian authorities pressed Albanian schools to follow the Serbian language curriculum and to achieve those aims Albanian teachers in the thousands were replaced with Serbs. The government imputed the mass dismissal of Albanian teachers to incompetence in the Serbian language, and that Kosovo educational institutions were centres for resistance and counterrevolution that indoctrinated Albanian students.
1693:
Bulgarians were the main ethnic group, especially in the villages disseminated on the valleys. In the district of
Prekoplie, the main ethnic group was Muslim Albanians. According to Boué, Albanians were placed in the Nish sub-province by the Porte to counterbalance the Christian majority and to prevent periodic Bulgarian rebellions. In Vranje, Bulgarians and Muslim Albanians were equally distributed. Turks lived mainly in the chief towns and formed a small minority in the whole of this sub-province. Bulgarians, Serbians and Muslim Albanians were the main ethnic groups. According to Aubaret the total population in the Nish sub-province was about 355,000.
930:
748:
1225:, established an alternative government and ministry of education. Demonstrations by Albanians were followed by more dismissals and reprisals in the education sector which led to the establishment of an Albanian parallel education system consisting of previously dismissed teachers giving lessons in private homes. Kosovan Albanian school textbooks of the interwar period of the 1990s referred to the Serbianisation of Kosovo through attempted colonisation and mass expulsion of Albanians by Serbs for a prolonged period of Kosovo's history in the twentieth century. Hospitals had their Albanian nurses and physicians dismissed.
235:
4184:"Dans le domaine culturel par exemple, la pro cédure est allée d'une suppression pure et simple des organismes (du quotidien Rilindja, en juillet 1990, de l'Académie des sciences, en octobre 1991, des musées et théâtres), à une serbisation du personnel, décrétée sur la base de l'artifice légal que représente le décret de « mesures temporaires » : tous les employés albanais ont été chassés de la radio, de la télévision (dont aussi bien les rédactions albanaises ont été supprimées en juin 1990), de la bibliothèque, des maisons d'édition."
760:, the Kingdom has settled 3,670 families (18,384 persons). The colonists were given properties. Also, in the same time, almost all clerks in the area were Serbs. This means that in the period between the two World wars the Kingdom succeeded through the agricultural and the administrative colonizations to create significant Serbian ethnic minority in Vardar Macedonia. Total numbers were 4,200 Serb families with 50,000 Serb gendarmes and troops relocated from Serbia to Vardar Macedonia to advance the Serbianisation of the region and population.
470:
capital by the Serb elite that removed elements of the
Ottoman era. While Serb commonfolk looked for ways to aid the Serb cause and assist other Serbs still residing in areas ruled by the Muslim Ottoman Empire. Austro-Hungarian Serbs who had integrated within Serbia and promoted Serbianisation opened the country up to cultural and economic influences of Austria-Hungary in the 1880s. The demographics of Niš underwent change whereby Serbs who formed half the urban population prior to 1878 became 80 percent in 1884.
3924:"The Serbian parliament proceeded to pass a series of laws designed to reshape the demographic, economic and political balance of power in Kosovo. In an attempted 'Serbization' programme, tens of thousands of Kosovo Albanian doctors, municipal officials, teachers and industrial workers were sacked from their jobs, while ethnic Serbs were given economic incentives to live in Kosovo. The Serbian government replaced local Albanian police officers with special police units from the Serbian Ministry of the Interior."
1253:
undertake military service in Bosnia and
Croatia. The government also made if difficult for Albanians living overseas to return, and penalties existed for ethnic Albanian families that had more than one child while Kosovo Serbs were rewarded for having multiple children. Serbianisation of the Kosovo economy also occurred with areas inhabited by Serbs receiving investment, new infrastructure and employment opportunities, while Albanians overall were either excluded or had limited economic participation. The
1111:(Military Line) that backed the Serbianisation of the JNA and Milošević placed Stevanović as head of the air force to accelerate the removal of military personnel deemed unreliable and non-Serb. Following these processes the JNA was impacted due to the realisation that Yugoslavia no longer existed and its priority shifted toward creating the frontiers of a new Serbian state. A campaign to shift the political orientation of the JNA to a Serbian character also occurred.
621:
327:. The local South Slavic-speaking peasants were accustomed to defining themselves in terms of their religion, locality, and occupation. After the national states were established, peasantry was indoctrinated through the schools and military conscription, the official Church, and the governmental press. It was through these instruments of the state administration, that a national identity came into real and rapid development.
1171:. Territories within Bosnia conquered during the war by Bosnian Serbs were subjected to homogenisation and assimilation through Serbianisation. The processes of Serbianisation of the Yugoslav army resulted in the creation of three Serbian armies under the control of Milošević. Following the conclusion of the Yugoslav Wars of the early 1990s, the Serbianisation process of the Yugoslav army (JNA) was confirmed at the
900:. Albanian historians state that during the whole interwar period 300,000 Albanians left Yugoslavia due to duress. By 1931 the Serbianisation efforts had failed as Albanians still composed 63% of the Kosovan population. Other parts of the Serbianisation policy in Kosovo included establishing an effective government administration and refusing autonomous Albanian cultural development in the region.
36:
304:
3407:"The second narrative stated that because the Serbs had renounced their central cultural traditions during the years of communist rule, they started losing their cultural identity, and thus became unaware of their real national interests. As a result, they were facing historical defeat. The process was referred to by using terms like "de-racination", de-nationalisation", or "de-Serbisation".
1098:(JNA) prior to the 1990s was a multi-ethnic force consisting of conscripts, regulars, commissioned and non-commissioned officers that for the highest ranks was determined through an ethnic principle of representative proportionality reflected in Yugoslavia's multi-ethnic composition. Serbs overall held most senior, middle and junior ranks. Following 1990-1991 during the later stages of the
1213:
police force was replaced with Serb special police units of the
Serbian Interior Ministry. Albanians were against the measures and as such riot police and troops prevented them through force from going to school with some educational facilities being surrounded by tanks to stop attendance by students. The Kosovo police force that was newly Serbianised maltreated the Albanian population.
3073:...However this was not at all the case, as Koneski himself testifies. The use of the schwa is one of the most important points of dispute not only between Bulgarians and Macedonians, but also between Macedonians themselves – there are circles in Macedonia who in the beginning of the 1990s denounced its exclusion from the standard language as a hostile act of violent serbianization...
1107:
army. As the army became dominated more by Serbs a program has instituted to retire non-Serb personnel that resulted in 24 generals remaining out of 150 on the eve of when the JNA was formally disbanded on 19 May 1992. In that time 42 of those generals had been removed by
General Božidar Stevanović during his campaign of Serbianisation. He belonged to a clandestine network called
419:
959:
Bulgaria. In fact, the recognition of the
Macedonian language and nation aimed to de-bulgarize the local population and to create a national consciousness that would support the identification with Yugoslavia. As result, persons continuing to declare Bulgarian identity were again imprisoned or went into exile, and so Vardar Macedonia was finally de-bulgarised.
2098:
Macedonians were, in fact, Southern Serbs. This extraordinary change in opinion can largely be attributed to one man, Jovan Cvijić, a prominent geographer at the
University of Belgrade. Nationalism and Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe, Geographical perspectives on the human past, George W. White, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000,
1130:, the old Yugoslav army was divided into two new armed forces due to UN sanctions imposed on the federation. Several months prior to May 1992 a division of armies and its assets was planned as authorities in Belgrade assessed its involvement in Bosnia would receive a hostile international reaction along with being accused of aggression. JNA General
1450:, p. 33. "An important Romanian concentration existed in the region between the Timok and Morava Rivers.... This region was taken by Serbia in 1291 or 1292 from two Cuman chiefs, Darman and Kudelin, that were first under Hungarian vassalage. Only then did the Serbianization of this region previously peopled by Romanians and Bulgarians begin."
672:" and Vlachs , as village headmen, orders to the clergy of obedience to the Servian Archbishop, acts of violence against influential individuals, prohibition of transit, multiplication of requisitions, forged signatures to declarations and patriotic telegrams, the organization of special bands, military executions in the villages and so forth.
3526:"with their drive to establish independent states near the end of June 1991 were the beginning of the complete dissolution of the Yugoslav federation. The eruption of war in Croatia prompted a Serbianization of the YNA as Slovene and Croat officers, and later other non-Serb officers (especially Muslims and Macedonians), left its ranks."
1159:(Vojska Jugoslavije -VJ). Serbianisation continued during the first few years of the new military force through purges of personnel arising out of a need to ensure the loyalty of the armed forces to Milošević. During the Yugoslav Wars, the Serbianised Yugoslav National Army was involved in the destruction of urban centres such as
592:
the vast majority of Vlachs in that area were
Orthodox Christians and Serbian(ised), often still bilingual. All Slavic or Slavicised Orthodox Christians under the jurisdiction of Patriarchate of Peć ie Serbian patriarchs were eventually identified as Serbs, this process did not finish until modern times.
1106:
who held control and command over the force. During the period non-Serb personnel defected to the new armies of the new post-Yugoslav republics and others who felt disillusioned yet were unable to defect resigned. Slovene, Croat, Macedonian and Muslim (Bosniak) officers left the ranks of the Yugoslav
844:
Locals were excluded from involvement in the sociopolitical system, suppression of elites occurred and state security forces instilled an environment of fear among inhabitants. New arrivals to the region were favoured over the local population regarding state employment, loans and agricultural reform
591:
Serbianized parts of Balkan Orthodox people such as Bulgars, "Vlachs", Albanians, Romanians and a significant number of Catholic Croats. According to Vjeran Kursar although Catholic and Muslim Vlachs, or other, non-Serbian elements which exist in the western Balkans should not be underestimated still
1536:
called „Territories inhabited by Serbians” from 1828 Macedonia, but also the towns Niš, Leskovac, Vranja, Pirot, etc. were situated outside the boundaries of the Serbian nation. The map of Constantine Desjardins (1853), French professor in Serbia represents the realm of the Serbian language. The map
1212:
became compulsory for students to pass in secondary schools. The Kosovo police force underwent Serbianisation after accusations of maltreatment toward non-Albanian civilians (mainly Serbs and Montenegrins) were made against ethnic Albanian police that resulted in their dismissal. The Kosovo Albanian
958:
recognized the existence of a separate Macedonian nation to quiet the fears of the Slavic population that a new Yugoslavia would continue to follow the policies of forced serbianization. For the Yugoslav authorities to recognize the local Slavs as Bulgarians would be to admit, they should be part of
849:
dominated politics, Macedonia was sidelined and the view of the time was that discontent within the region could be contained through use of repressive measures. Local inhabitants were mistrusted by the political elite of Belgrade whom designated them as being pure Serbs or through terms such as the
1245:(Greater Serbia) a memorandum that outlined the Serbianisation of Kosovo. Šešelj called for violence and expulsion against Albanians and their leadership with aims toward discrediting them within Western public opinion. Following similar themes the parliament of Serbia on 11 January 1995 passed the
805:
and acted as a "state within a state". It used Bulgaria as a base for terrorist attacks against Yugoslavia with the unofficial agreement of the right-wing governments. Because of this, contemporary observers described the Yugoslav-Bulgarian border as the most fortified in Europe. Meanwhile, several
743:
Patriarchate who sold its control for 800,000 francs in 1919. In Vardar Macedonia, Bulgarian signage and literature was removed and societies were shut down along with the expulsion of Bulgarian teachers and clergy who had returned during the war. Names of people were forcefully Serbianised such as
452:
still claimed that at this time (1878) Niš and environs were Bulgarian populated. After the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (1877–1878), the lands in the regions of Niš, Pirot and Vranje became a part of Serbia. Serbia had successfully homogenized and modernized these new territories and
1252:
The government in 1995 resorted to forcefully resettling in Kosovo Serb refugees from Croatia, with most leaving thereafter and few remaining that increased tensions in the area. Serbs selling property to Albanians was made illegal by the government. Fines existed for ethnic Albanians that did not
763:
Politicians based in Belgrade thought that ideology alongside repression could generate the "correct national" sentiments among local inhabitants. Serb officials, gendarmes and teachers, often poorly trained and little interested in their job according to reports of the time were given the task to
515:
was seen by Serbs as the first move toward eventually Serbianing the Macedonians. Serbian nationalist-oriented politicians in the 19th century traveled to the area of Ottoman Macedonia and spread national propaganda with intent to build a Serbian national feeling among the local population. One of
1692:
According to Boué, who traveled through the region in 1837, Nish was a Bulgarian district and both in the town and in the country Bulgarians formed the great part of the population. Nevertheless, Robert claimed that Serbians formed half of the town population. In the Pirot and Leskovac districts,
1228:
Another aspect of Serbianisation in Kosovo was the implementation of a discriminatory language policy. In 1991 public discourse was Serbianised through a campaign by the government such as targeting signs and government organs that became unfamiliar to many monolingual Albanians. Kosovo media was
469:
In 1878 Serbia became independent and pressure developed in the state for people from different ethnic groups to Serbianise religious denominations and their personal names. Serbianisation of identity along with ideological and cultural Serbianisation followed. Belgrade was reconstructed as a new
1199:
and Serbianisation of the province followed. During the 1990s under the government of Milošević the Serbianisation of Kosovo occurred. Laws were passed by the parliament of Serbia that sought to change the power balance in Kosovo relating to the economy, demography and politics. Various measures
991:
represents the result of the Serbification process in the region. Bulgarian scholars and politicians maintain that the Macedonian language was Serbified as it adopted words from the Serbian language in the postwar codification process under Yugoslavia that the Bulgarian government has denounced.
605:
Following the First World War, the new Kingdom was reliant on patronage from the Serb monarchy that resulted in tendencies of centralisation and Serbianisation that other ethnic communities in the country opposed. In Belgrade a new government was formed after the war that quickly Serbianised the
510:
encouraged a separate Slavic Macedonian identity to counter the strong Bulgarian influence, to separate the local population from the rest of the Bulgarians, and to instill the "Serbian idea". Serbianising directly the local Slavic population through propaganda and education was difficult due to
875:
and to Serbianise the area. The government implemented policies such as the Agrarian Reform. It was a settlement plan to encourage Serb and Montenegrin settlers from other parts of Yugoslavia to resettle in Kosovo through preferential treatment of financial and land incentives to strengthen the
2097:
Up until the early twentieth century, the international community viewed Macedonians as a regional variety of Bulgarians, i.e. Western Bulgarians. However, during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 the Allies sanctioned Serbian control of much of Macedonia because they accepted the belief that
962:
Some researchers have described the process of codifying the Macedonian language during 1945–1950 as 'Serbianization'. Within the period of Macedonian language codification, two tendencies emerged: one language majority, that was pro-Macedonian, with some pro-Bulgarian biases, and one language
729:
Serbian rule was reinstated over Vardar Macedonia, the local Bulgarian or Macedonian population was not recognised and an attempted Serbianisation occurred. Yugoslavia aimed to incorporate Macedonia through "assimilation" and "nationalisation" through two main goals. Firstly, to legitimate its
1314:
that the authorities had a clear goal: to keep the country closer to Serbia, and at some future stage to join the northern neighbour. According to him a classical pro-Yugoslav policy was being conducted, where confrontation with all the other neighbors was taking place, but the border between
891:
Albanian land was illegally confiscated and often through expropriations, whereas Serb settlers gained possession of prime land. The Albanian population was encouraged to leave the region, as they were perceived to be immigrants in need of repatriation to either Turkey, Albania or expected to
1546:
Ethnic Mapping on the Balkans (1840–1925): a Brief Comparative Summary of Concepts and Methods of Visualization, Demeter, Gábor and al. (2015) In: (Re)Discovering the Sources of Bulgarian and Hungarian History. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia; Budapest, p.
1085:
and held them responsible for Yugoslavia's political and economic troubles while offering solutions to the "Serbian question" through discussions and explanations of the Serb predicament. One of the narratives that emerged claimed that under communism Serbs had abandoned their old traditions
870:
and the Serbs. The region was strategically important for the state and its security with the local Albanian population deemed as "unreliable". Kosovo from the early twentieth century was exposed to the politics of Serbianisation through violence and administrative measures such as replacing
734:
or as a promised land given by God to the Serb people. Secondly, the state used the modernist idea of the nation and spread it through schools. Both processes merged as myths, people, symbols and dates originating from Serbian history were also used in the endeavour. During 1920 the Orthodox
1220:
similar reforms occurred and lecturers that were not dismissed were required to use Serbian as the medium of instruction, with the level of Albanians at the university declining toward the conclusion of 1991. Pristina University along with its students became an important centre of Albanian
780:. The same authorities held conflicting views toward the population, whom they told were Serbian, whereas local inhabitants noticed they were treated unequally in relation to their Serb counterparts. Some state officials let locals know that they viewed them as Bulgarians and used the term
755:
The Kingdom was also interested to change the ethnic composition of the population in Vardar Macedonia. Yugoslavia commenced a policy of forced Serbianisation through such measures as the Agrarian Reform which was a settlement plan. In 1919 there were announced the orders for preparing for
933:
Decision about the Macedonian Alphabet 1 May 1945. Note it is written on Bulgarian typewriter using Й and there are hand-written Ѕ, Ј and Џ, and diacritics added to create Ѓ and Ќ. The rejection of the Ъ, together with the adoption of Ј, Џ, Љ and Њ, led some authors to consider it to be
2805:"Les Serbes menèrent une politique d'émigration forcée et de serbisation du Kosovo. Ils voulaient ainsi remplacer une population peu fiable par une autre, plus loyale, sur un territoire dont la position stratégique rendait la possession indispensable pour la sécurité du Royaume."
2220:
2208:
2191:
4220:"Serbia's leaders strengthened the state's repressive apparatus and, over the course of the decade, revoked Kosovo's autonomy, fired over 100,000 ethnic Albanians from their posts, and limited political and property rights of Albanians in a process of forced "Serbianization"."
764:"nationalise and assimilate" the region. The initiation of an educational campaign made children to learn that "I am a true Serb like my father and my mother" while their parents were not receptive of the Yugoslav state. A small number of inhabitants did declare themselves as
892:
assimilate within Yugoslavia. The state closed Albanian schools in 1918 as part of its efforts toward Serbianising the local Albanian population. Between 1918 and 1923, as a result of state policies 30,000 and 40,000 mainly Muslim Albanians migrated to the Turkish regions of
4011:"In 1989 Milosevic revoked the autonomous status of Kosovo and seriously marginalized the ethnic Albanian majority by banning the use of their language in schools and government, and allowing the newly Serbianized police force to abuse the Kosovar Albanian citizenry."
1319:
streets, through which the Party launched a campaign for preserving the Macedonian national identity. The pro-governmental press claimed that the "Bulgarian" Georgievski organised a new provocation. As a result, the billboards were removed quickly by the authorities.
628:. The western parts of today Bulgaria and northwestern parts of present-day North Macedonia are shown as populated by Serbs. There are depicted also distinct "Slavic Macedonians". However, in this way he promoted the idea that Macedonian Slavs were in fact
3075:
For more see: Alexandra Ioannidou (Athens, Jena) Koneski, his successors and the peculiar narrative of a “late standardization” in the Balkans. in Romanica et Balcanica: Wolfgang Dahmen zum 65. Geburtstag, Volume 7 of Jenaer Beiträge zur Romanistik with
3183:
Voss C., The Macedonian Standard Language: Tito—Yugoslav Experiment or Symbol of ‘Great Macedonian’ Ethnic Inclusion? in C. Mar-Molinero, P. Stevenson as ed. Language Ideologies, Policies and Practices: Language and the Future of Europe, Springer, 2016,
384:. It was only after the Serbian revolution and later independence that the Serbian national idea gained monumentum within the area east of Niš. According to many authors ca. 1850 the delineation between Serbs and Bulgarians ran north of Niš, although
1203:
Other reforms of the Kosovo education system segregated Albanian and Serb students within schools while funding, teaching staff and educational facilities were allocated for Serbian students and Albanian students received little. An entrance exam in
1249:. It outlined government benefits for Serbs who desired to live in Kosovo with loans to build homes or purchase other dwellings and offered free plots of land. Few Serbs took up the offer due to the worsening situation in Kosovo at the time.
967:, where Serbian was declared as “second” language, while Bulgarian was prohibited. The irreversible turning point of Serbianisation of the Macedonian standard took place in the late 1950s. On the other hand, during the time of federation in
706:." All Bulgarian books gave way to Serbian. The government Serbianized personal names and surnames for all official uses. Between 1913 and 1915 all people who spoke a Slavic language in Vardar Macedonia were presented by Serbia as Serbs.
3228:
The Macedonian partisans established a commission to create an “official” Macedonian literary language (1945), which became the Macedonian Slavs' legal “first” language (with Serbo-Croatian a recognized “second” and Bulgarian officially
1026:. All Bulgarian schools and churches there were closed. Serbian primary schools were opened, teaching and learning in Serbian, while Bulgarian was prohibited. In 1920 a Law on the Protection of the State was adopted, which forced the
1531:
The Serbian newspaper Srbske Narodne Novine (Year IV, pp. 138 and 141-43, May 4 and 7, 1841), described the towns of Niš, Leskovac, Pirot, and Vranja as lying in Bulgaria, and styles their inhabitants Bulgarians. In a map made by
1154:
On 25–26 August 1993 at a gathering the Supreme Defense Council of retired generals, Milošević's full control over the Yugoslav army was complete as the few remaining traces of the JNA were done away with. It was succeeded by the
871:
Albanians with another population. In the aftermath of the First World War Serbian control over Kosovo was restored and the Kingdom attempting to counteract Albanian separatism pursued a policy to alter the national and religious
1257:
began in 1998. In January 1999, the government authorities initiated a planned offensive against Kosovo Albanians that involved the violent liquidation of assets aimed at their displacement and Serbianisation of the region.
574:
of the Orthodox Vlachs and their gradual fusion into the Serbian rural population reached a high level and was recognized by the Ottoman authorities. In the final phase, the most significant role was played by the newspaper
3248:
Language ideologies, policies and practices by Clare Mar-Molinero, Patrick Stevenson (Editor) - The Macedonian standard language: Tito-Yugoslav experiment or symbol for “Great Macedonian” ethnic inclusion? Christian Voss,
1753:: "...a Balkan alliance, which alarmed both Bulgarians and Turks with its implications of Serbian expansionism as expounded two decades previously, in Garasanin's Nacertanie, the Serbian equivalent of Greek Megali Idea."
954:. The Macedonian national feelings were already ripe, but some researchers argue that even then, it was questionable whether the Macedonian Slavs considered themselves to be an ethnicity separate from the Bulgarians.
570:, where Vlachs found their final domicile. The Church had the most decisive role in the serbization process of Vlachs in the initial and middle phases. During the 16–18th centuries the amalgamation of the process of
1232:
At the time, for Serb nationalists the process of Serbianisation entailed the resettlement of Serbs to Kosovo and limiting the favorable demographic position Albanians held. Originating from the 1930s, the works of
1146:
while maintaining the fiction of a separate armed force as the old Yugoslav chain of command remained. Mladić and Serb Bosnian forces under his command followed Belgrade's Serbian nationalist aims and objectives.
693:
were also deported. Bulgarian schools were closed and teachers expelled. The population of Macedonia was forced to declare as Serbs. Those who refused were beaten and tortured. Prominent people and teachers from
3060:
When Blaze Koneski, the founder of the Macedonian standard language, as a young boy, returned to his Macedonian native village from the Serbian town where he went to school, he was ridiculed for his Serbianized
1929:
Cijelo je stanovništvo plemena srpskoga. Govore jednijem i istijem jezikom i svi su pravoslavno istočne vjere. Ponegde među Crnogorcima može se naći po koji Ciganin, koji se obično bave kovačlukom, no su i oni
3218:
Stojan Kiselinovski, Historical Roots of the Macedonian Language Codification, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2016, Studia Srodkowoeuropejskie i Bałkanistyczne, pp. 133–146. DOI: 10.4467/2543733XSSB.16.009.6251
963:
minority openly pro-Serbian. The language minority, with the help of the Yugoslav political establishment defeated the language majority. Macedonian became a “first” official language in the newly proclaimed
1062:. The Bulgarian teachers there were expelled again. The population was subjected to humiliation and systematic psychological terror. Bulgarians made the highest percentage among the minorities detained on
1134:
was appointed to carry out the task by redeploying all Serbs from Bosnia to local Bosnian army units and removing any Serbs not from the area. As such Belgrade later claimed to be uninvolved in the
1237:, a Serb nationalist writer became popular in Serbia during the 1990s and their content called for the dislocation of Albanians through mass resettlement. In 1995, a Serb Radical politician
1172:
677:
664:
We find here, as everywhere else, the ordinary measures of "Serbization" — the closing of schools, disarmament, invitations to schoolmasters to become Servian officials, nomination of "
790:
and sought their suppression. In Vardar Macedonia Bulgarian newspapers were banned in many areas and mail from Bulgaria remained undelivered within the region due to "a technicality".
311:, and translated into French by Alfred Vigneron, Belgrad 1848.” The map originally appeared in Vienna in 1828 and shows early 19th century Serbian thought on Serbs' ethnic boundaries.
772:, often done for reasons of opportunism. Government authorities due to maladministration had difficulties in Serbianising the local population as they were strongly attached to the
4410:
M. V. Fifor. Assimilation or Acculturalisation: Creating Identities in the New Europe. The case of Vlachs in Serbia. Published in Cultural Identity and Ethnicity in Central Europe,
2835:"Kosovars have not forgotten the continuous politics of Serbisation of their homeland by administrative measures or violence, dating back to the beginning of the twentieth century."
1102:
that descended into war the JNA underwent a process of Serbianisation. It transformed from being multi-ethnic into a mainly Serb organisation under the Serbian republic's President
342:, were mainly Bulgarian populated. Per Serbian newspaper, Vidovdan (No. 38, March 29, 1862), the future Bulgarian-Serbian frontier would extend from the Danube in North, along the
3097:
Kronsteiner, Otto, Zerfall Jugoslawiens und die Zukunft der makedonischen Literatursprache : Der späte Fall von Glottotomie? in: Die slawischen Sprachen (1992) 29, 142–171.
1727:
Mark Pinson, Ottoman Bulgaria in the First Tanzimat Period — The Revolts in Nish (1841) and Vidin (1850), p. 103; Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 11, No 2 (May, 1975), pp. 103–146.
4592:
751:
Serbian colonisation in Kosovo and Vardar Macedonia between 1920 and 1930. Colonised areas are in thick hatched black lines and colonised settlements are shown as black squares
644:, at the beginning of the 20th century the Slavs constituted the majority of the population in Macedonia. Per Britannica itself the bulk of the Slavs there were regarded as "
1315:
Macedonian and Serbian national identity had been erased. "Stop the Serbian assimilation of the Macedonian nation" was the motto of the billboards that were placed then on
1073:. The decades of geographic isolation of other Bulgarians, and the repressions additionally led this community to inability to build its own minority space for many years.
3844:, p. 80. "Belgrade envisagea dès 1986, puis décida en 1989-1990, date où l'autonomie a été annulée par amendement de la Constitution, une serbisation à marche forcé."
698:
who refused to declare as Serbs were deported to Bulgaria. International Commission concluded that the Serbian state started in Macedonia wide sociological experiment of "
108:
94:
3050:"At the same time, the interwar government made no serious attempt to win over the Vojvodinian Hungarians. Instead, they were subjected to a policy of Serbianization"
4172:
4454:
1911:"Prior to 1878, the Serbs comprised not more than one half of the population of Nis, the largest city in the region; by 1884 the Serbian share rose to 80 per cent."
1114:
At the end of May 1992, over 90% of the JNA was composed of Serbs. The Serbianisation of the Yugoslav army created the conditions for their support of Serbs in the
1789:
1601:
1030:
there to accept Serbian names and surnames. A large part of the population emigrated to Bulgaria. An armed conflict started in 1922 when pro-Bulgarian separatist
4587:
786:
for people that supported Bulgarians or were not recognised as Serbs. The state considered individuals that supported local autonomy, culture or language as a
4816:
4034:
641:
1188:
5238:
587:
that the Serbs transferred to the Habsburg Monarchy was a good instrument for transmitting the Serbian national identity. Patriarchate of Peć and later
3376:
Alternative Report submitted pursuant to Article 25 Paragraph 1 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, September 2007.
4494:
3726:
1695:
For more see: Engin Deniz Tanır, The Mid-nineteenth Century Ottoman Bulgaria from the Viewpoints of French Travellers (Ph.D. diss, METU, 2005), p. 71.
740:
316:
1875:
Stefanović, Djordje (2005). "Seeing the Albanians through Serbian eyes: The Inventors of the Tradition of Intolerance and their Critics, 1804–1939".
725:. Southern dialects were suppressed with regards to education, military and other national activities, and their usage was punishable. Following the
554:, since it soon fell under the Turkish dominance; that process was not finished until the 19th century. Furthermore, the process of serbization, of "
968:
837:
In the 1930s a more homogeneous generation was growing up in Vardar Macedonia, which resisted Serbianisation and increasingly identified itself as
1222:
1192:
866:
The attempt at the Serbianisation of Kosovo and Albanian reaction toward resisting those efforts has been a factor contributing to conflict among
1283:
The historical event that created the Yugoslav Macedonian republic on 2 August 1944 is viewed differently through political party rivalries. The
744:
Atanasov becoming Atanasović and Stankov as Stanković along with a spate of repression that followed through arrests, internment and detention.
4974:
1086:
resulting in a loss of Serbian identity and unawareness of Serb interests with looming historical defeat in a process called "de-Serbisation".
876:
Slavic element. The process involved the construction of new settlements in Kosovo and due to serbianisation efforts some were named Lazarevo,
268:
became part of the Serbian state in 1291/1292 which began the Serbianisation of the region. Albanians that came under the rule of Serb Emperor
5233:
1156:
815:
710:
1217:
4560:
2992:
La question nationale en Europe du Sud-Est: genèse, émergence et développement de l'indentité nationale albanaise au Kosovo et en Macédoine
1284:
1148:
409:
797:
began sending armed bands into Yugoslav Macedonia to assassinate officials and stir up the spirit of the locals. After 1923 the IMRO had
5218:
4447:
412:
with other Muslim minorities in 1862. In Ottoman usage then the Sanjak of Niš was included in an area designated as "Bulgaristan", i.e.
3350:"In Defense of the Native Tongue: The Standardization of the Macedonian Language and the Bulgarian-Macedonian Linguistic Controversies"
747:
4748:
1958:
Darko Gavrilović; (2009) Mitovi nacionalizma i demokratija (in Serbian) p. 30; Centar za istoriju, demokratiju i pomirenje, Novi Sad,
1772:
1082:
855:
1058:
municipalities. However, in 1948 there was a sharp deterioration for several decades of the Bulgarian-Yugoslav relations, due to the
756:
colonization of Southern Serbia. The Serbian colonization was maintained through "agricultural" and "administrative" actions. In the
563:
255:
45:
4310:
4283:
4155:
4093:
3952:
3826:
3760:
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3613:
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3254:
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2156:
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2082:
1859:
1823:
1746:
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1628:
1507:
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78:
1707:"Kanlıca Konferansı Sonrasında Müslümanların Sırbistan'dan Çıkarılmaları ve Osmanlı Devleti'nin Sırbistan'dan Çekilişi (1862-1867)"
1522:
K. Bozeva-Abazi, 2003, The shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian national identities, 1800s-1900s. McGill University, Montreal. Summary.
3201:
Lerner W. Goetingen, Formation of the standard language - Macedonian in the Slavic languages, Volume 32, Walter de Gruyter, 2014,
1034:
carried out numerous assaults on the Tzaribrod–Belgrade railway. Bulgarians have received the status of a national minority after
5095:
5041:
3016:
Ludanyi, Andrew (1979). "Titoist Integration of Yugoslavia: The Partisan Myth & the Hungarians of the Vojvodina, 1945-1975".
1623:Дойнов, Стефан. Българите в Украйна и Молдова през Възраждането (1751–1878). София, Академично издателство „Марин Дринов“, 2005.
512:
1408:
1311:
2026:
Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Identity (Ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th-18th Centuries)
1119:
307:
Map called: „Territories inhabited by Servians”. It forms a supplement to the book: „History of the Servian people, edited by
5213:
4440:
4387:
3277:
3236:
3206:
3189:
3150:
3085:
2759:
2500:
2103:
2013:
1963:
1614:Любомир Георгиев. „Българите католици в Трансилвания и Банат (XVIII – първата половина на XIX в.)“, София 2010 г. стр. 21–23.
3321:"Famous Macedonia, the Land of Alexander: Macedonian Identity at the Crossroads of Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian Nationalism"
2754:
Dimitris Livanios, The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949, Oxford Historical Monographs, 2008,
929:
517:
461:
river valleys toward the end of the nineteenth century. Afterwards Serbia turned its attention to the region of Macedonia.
4704:
4489:
373:
2395:"Macedonian Slavs are ethnically closest to Bulgarians, and were subjected to Serbianization during the interwar period."
1303:
5223:
5208:
5113:
4952:
1196:
533:
234:
4231:
1666:
273:
5150:
4692:
4538:
4259:
3985:
Corson, Mark W.; Turregano, Clemson G. (2002). "Spaces of Unintended Consequences: The Ground Safety Zone in Kosovo".
1115:
588:
408:
sub-districts, the Bulgarians were the main ethnic group. The Turks lived mainly in the bigger towns, and were later
4356:
Sutton, David E. (1997). "Local Names, Foreign Claims: Family Inheritance and National Heritage on a Greek Island".
3389:
Naumović, Slobodan (1999). "Identity creator in identity crisis: Reflections on the politics of Serbian ethnology".
5100:
4300:
4271:
4083:
2695:
487:
369:
faced a number of changes in regard to the dominant population group in the area, due to constant wars, conquests,
184:
3750:
3603:
3320:
3291:
2859:
Just or Unjust War?: International Law and Unilateral Use of Armed Force by States at the Turn of the 20th Century
850:"classical south". During the interwar period Bulgaria resented the Serbianisation policy in Vardar Macedonia. In
4065:
3269:
1811:
1095:
773:
606:
gendarmerie and made non-Serbs in the country view the new Kingdom as an extension of the old Kingdom of Serbia.
551:
537:
366:
158:
2990:
2787:
di Valdalbero, Domenico Rossetti; Thérasse, Martine (1995). "Aspects géopolitiques de la "question albanaise"".
2434:
819:
49:
4863:
4714:
4649:
4577:
4145:
3377:
2857:
2614:
2333:
1847:
1497:
1143:
2616:
Claiming Macedonia: The Struggle for the Heritage, Territory and Name of the Historic Hellenic Land, 1862-2004
2072:
1103:
3685:"Against Anthropocentrism: The Destruction of the Built Environment as a Distinct Form of Political Violence"
3451:
426:
Serbian elites after the mid of the 19th century, claimed that the Bulgarians located south-east of Niš were
4989:
4845:
4796:
1398:
736:
722:
584:
449:
115:
5228:
5130:
4499:
4411:
4382:
Jasmin Mujanovic, Hunger and Fury: The Crisis of Democracy in the Balkans, Oxford University Press, 2018,
1994:
1533:
988:
975:
was stimulated by the subordinated pro-Serbian elites in Yugoslav Macedonia. In this way the influence of
872:
381:
308:
3816:
1979:
1059:
583:
almost whole civil authority of the former Serbian state Ottomans transfer to the patriarchs of Peć. The
479:
4932:
4895:
4851:
4463:
4194:
Howard, Lise Morje (2014). "Kosovo and Timor-Leste: neotrusteeship, neighbors, and the United Nations".
3453:
Religious Credibility under Fire: Determinants of Religious Legitimacy in Postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina
1267:
1127:
1099:
1015:
951:
777:
699:
615:
219:
3145:
Stephen E. Palmer, Robert R. King, Yugoslav communism and the Macedonian question, Archon Books, 1971,
2722:
1307:
1238:
1234:
3645:
2930:
2146:
330:
Some Serbian sources from the mid 19th century, correctly, continued to claim, the areas southeast of
5167:
5135:
3349:
1572:
1001:
909:
4607:
2373:"Structural Sources of Post-Communist Market Reform: Economic Structure, Political Culture, and War"
558:" has been accomplished through the Serbian Orthodox Church in Dalmatia and the Military Frontiers (
385:
5172:
5145:
4743:
4555:
4548:
3942:
2816:
1329:
1184:
1131:
955:
881:
807:
802:
690:
507:
445:
441:
335:
251:
223:
175:
2600:
713:, the government of the Kingdom pursued a linguistic Serbisation policy towards population of the
4828:
4516:
4211:
4057:
4002:
3797:
3707:
3508:
Arfi, Badredine (1998). "State Collapse in a New Theoretical Framework: The Case of Yugoslavia".
3398:
3041:
3033:
2796:
2286:
2173:"Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan War"
1902:
1595:
1205:
714:
520:
who claimed that Serbia in ancient times has been far bigger, with expansion to more continents.
339:
215:
149:
2221:
Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars
2209:
Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars
2192:
Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars
1469:
858:
and their troops were welcomed as liberators from Serbianisation by the local Macedonian Slavs.
247:
3170:
2573:
5162:
4781:
4383:
4306:
4279:
4151:
4089:
3948:
3822:
3756:
3651:
3609:
3457:
3357:
3328:
3299:
3273:
3250:
3232:
3202:
3185:
3163:
3146:
3129:
3081:
3080:, Johannes Kramer and Elton Prifti as ed., Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft München AVM, 2015,
2996:
2964:
2958:
2907:
2863:
2824:
2755:
2701:
2620:
2577:
2496:
2440:
2339:
2152:
2125:
2117:
2099:
2078:
2009:
1959:
1855:
1852:
Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans: The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and Nation-building
1819:
1768:
1742:
1672:
1624:
1503:
1473:
1388:
1187:
platform that entailed the re-Serbianisation of two autonomous Yugoslav provinces, Kosovo and
1019:
877:
846:
834:
that resulted in the population being gathered up for forced labour and local leaders killed.
703:
657:
620:
400:, Bulgarians and Albanians were equally distributed alongside minority Serbian population. In
298:
195:
141:
3123:
3107:
2901:
2253:"An article by Dimiter Vlahov about the persecution of the Bulgarian population in Macedonia"
1138:
while Bosnian Serb military forces remained under its control. Seen as reliable by Belgrade,
5140:
5073:
5005:
4801:
4365:
4335:
4203:
4049:
3994:
3915:
3818:
Balkan holocausts?: Serbian and Croatian victim-centred propaganda and the war in Yugoslavia
3789:
3699:
3517:
3025:
2945:
2737:
2384:
2278:
1892:
1884:
1209:
1007:
653:
483:
377:
370:
277:
276:, a fourteenth-century Serbian despot who ruled much of Macedonia on behalf of Serb Emperor
211:
2960:
Social currents in Eastern Europe: The sources and consequences of the great transformation
2033:
1558:
730:
control, the state based its claims to Macedonia as an inheritance of the medieval monarch
272:
were required by state policy to convert to Orthodoxy and Serbianise their Albanian names.
5187:
5107:
5085:
5068:
4875:
4840:
4681:
4671:
4627:
4622:
4521:
4484:
3354:
Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies
3325:
Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies
2255:. newspaper "Balkanska federatsia", No. 140, 20 August 1930, Vienna, original in Bulgarian
2048:
1653:
1537:
was based on Davidović‘s work placing Serbians into the limited area north of Šar Planina.
1403:
1295:
984:
947:
726:
637:
571:
203:
3998:
3684:
2172:
1565:
The establishment of the school system in Niš and southern Serbia during the 19th century
1499:
Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 1, From Ancient Times to the Ottoman Invasions)
1139:
845:
and both groups continued to be separate from each other. During the interwar period the
731:
625:
269:
239:
4326:
Todorova-Pirgova, Iveta (2001). "Langue Et Esprit National: Mythe, Folklore, Identité".
5177:
5080:
5063:
4979:
4959:
4927:
4870:
4823:
4811:
4770:
4765:
4731:
4721:
4699:
4661:
4632:
4617:
4567:
4543:
4474:
3778:"Yugoslavs in Arms: Guerrilla Tradition, Total Defence and the Ethnic Security Dilemma"
2566:
2436:
Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 2, From the Fifteenth Century to the Present)
1706:
1462:
1368:
976:
806:
hundred political assassinations were organized by the Yugoslav security police led by
543:
436:
3063:
Cornelis H. van Schooneveld, Linguarum: Series maior, Issue 20, Mouton., 1966, p. 295.
2599:
Tomic Yves, Massacres in Dismembered Yugoslavia, 1941-1945. SciencesPo, 7 June 2010; (
717:, then called "Southern Serbia" (unofficially) or "Vardar Banovina" (officially). The
5202:
5157:
5090:
5031:
4964:
4947:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4885:
4858:
4791:
4775:
4760:
4755:
4709:
4687:
4676:
4666:
4656:
4639:
4582:
4572:
4506:
4215:
4006:
3919:
3906:
Mertus, Julie A. (2009). "Operation allied force: Handmaiden of independent Kosovo".
3801:
3777:
3045:
2389:
2372:
2307:. newspaper "Makedonsko Delo", No. 58, 25 January 1928, Vienna, original in Bulgarian
2290:
1906:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1221:
resistance to Serbianisation. The parliament of Kosovo repudiated Serbianisation and
950:, and encouraged the development of Macedonian identity and Macedonian as a separate
782:
559:
491:
458:
359:
351:
4061:
2304:
2252:
1427:
5036:
5015:
4984:
4969:
4942:
4937:
4890:
4835:
4786:
4738:
4726:
4644:
4612:
4602:
4597:
4479:
4400:Радио Слободна Европа, јануари 23, 2015, Марија Митевска, Србизација на Македонија?
3711:
3521:
3112:
1430:. newspaper "Makedonsko Delo", No. 9 (Jan. 10, 1926), Vienna, original in Bulgarian
1378:
1363:
1341:
1270:
and the process in relation to Serbian involved the Serbianisation of its lexicon.
972:
964:
943:
939:
851:
454:
427:
347:
261:
60:
1051:
431:
303:
4424:
3793:
2495:Стојан Киселиновски, Етничките промени во Македонија: 1913-1995, Институт, 2000,
1922:
5182:
5010:
4806:
4511:
4399:
3272:, Hans Henrich, Bernd Kortmann, Johan van der Auwera, Walter de Gruyter, 2011,
1358:
1299:
1135:
1066:
1023:
757:
495:
281:
265:
908:
During the interwar period, the government through its policy subjected ethnic
4053:
4035:"The politics of policy resistance: reconstructing higher education in Kosovo"
3703:
3292:"Multilingualism and the disputed standardizations of Macedonian and Moldovan"
3077:
1333:
1288:
1254:
1043:
1027:
831:
827:
686:
649:
645:
418:
355:
320:
17:
4369:
4207:
1888:
4531:
4526:
3605:
Security, Democracy and War Crimes: Security Sector Transformation in Serbia
3231:
D. Hupchick, The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism, Springer, 2002,
2741:
2282:
1353:
1337:
1063:
1055:
913:
867:
811:
669:
665:
660:, the Macedonian Slavs were faced with the policy of forced serbianisation.
580:
393:
2028:
p. 124, 127 Journal of the Center for Ottoman Studies - Ankara University,
823:
506:
Representatives from Serbia, such as the statesmen, diplomat and historian
4339:
3647:
Political Armies: The Military and Nation Building in the Age of Democracy
1765:
Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire: Facts on File library of world history
1160:
1039:
1011:
897:
893:
624:
A World War I era ethnographic map of the Balkans by Serbian ethnologist
529:
405:
4432:
3402:
2800:
2697:
Yugoslavia and Macedonia Before Tito: Between Repression and Integration
315:
The historical sources demonstrate that before the 19th century and the
3037:
1897:
1247:
Decree for Colonisation of Kosovo of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1168:
885:
718:
511:
strong Bulgarian sentiments at the time in the region. The spread and
56:
1316:
1164:
1123:
980:
695:
567:
397:
3125:
The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world
3029:
2273:
Friedman, V. (1985). "The Sociolinguistics of Literary Macedonian".
1195:
within the Yugoslav federation was revoked by the government of the
389:
331:
3378:
CHRIS - Network of the Committees for Human Rights in Serbia, p. 4.
2568:
The Macedonian Question: Britain and the Southern Balkans 1939-1949
818:, responsible for the massacre of 53 inhabitants of the village of
4196:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1340:) has also been affected by Serbianisation since the aftermath of
1047:
1031:
746:
689:
were, harassed or deported to Bulgaria. The high clergymen of the
619:
555:
417:
401:
343:
233:
207:
3752:
The Serbian Project and Its Adversaries: A Strategy of War Crimes
1850:. In Hannes, Grandits; Clayer, Nathalie; Pichler, Robert (eds.).
979:
arose to such a level, that the colloquial speech of the capital
3727:"Ex-Yougoslavie: l'alibi d'impuissance, la logique de l'inertie"
1560:
Osnivanje školskog sistema u Nišu i južnoj Srbiji tokom XIX veka
1070:
1035:
794:
4436:
2601:
https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance
2006:
The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics
1924:
Coutumes de droit av Monténegro dans l'Herzegoine et en Albanie
814:
on Serbian colonists and gendarmes, the government appealed to
3294:. In Hüning, Matthias; Vogl, Ulrike; Moliner, Olivier (eds.).
3270:
The languages and linguistics of Europe: A comprehensive guide
490:
were Serbs. He states that they Serbianised a small number of
396:, the most numerous ethnic group were the Albanians, while in
29:
1588:
Ekonomsko-kulturna istorija Niša: I deo, Niš do Svetskog rata
1081:
During the 1980s, some Serb intellectuals criticised and the
4232:"The Albanians of Kosovo: The Potential for Destabilization"
1302:
policy. In 2015 the former Prime Minister and leader of the
260:
Populated by Bulgarians and Romanians, the area between the
3162:
Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia by Bernard Anthony Cook
2723:"Une Crise En Gestation ? La Macédoine Et Ses Voisins"
1668:
Philosophy and Geography II: The Production of Public Space
1298:(2006–2016), the then-governing VMRO-DPMNE would embrace a
1266:
Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the official language
971:, Yugoslav citizens learned Serbo-Croatian at school. This
3296:
Standard languages and multilingualism in European history
2782:
2780:
2047:
p. 19; Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej,
1328:
Voluntary Serbianisation has sometimes been attributed to
2817:"Chechnya and Kosovo: Reflections in a Distorting Mirror"
2439:. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 186.
1502:. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 401.
1173:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
678:
Report of the International Commission on the Balkan Wars
3561:
3559:
3128:, Loring M. Danforth, Princeton University Press, 1997,
2305:"By the Shar Mountain there is also terror and violence"
1464:
The wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their medieval origins
1268:
Serbo-Croatian broke up into separate official languages
640:
until 1912 was part of the Ottoman Empire. According to
189:
4173:"Guerre ou terreur au Kosovo? Deux façons de mourir..."
3841:
822:
in 1923. Regions with pro-Bulgarian sentiments such as
453:
in this way it assimilated the local Bulgarians of the
163:
3597:
3595:
3546:
3544:
3108:
War of words: Washington tackles the Yugoslav conflict
1812:"Macedonian identity: An overview of the major claims"
721:
spoken in this region were referred to as dialects of
3153:, Chapter 9: The encouragement of Macedonian culture.
2338:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 90.
1848:"Mission, power and violence: Serbia's national turn"
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
793:
As a counteraction to Serb efforts the paramilitary
135:
129:
123:
5123:
5056:
5024:
4998:
4427:, New York, Columbia University Press, 1976, p. 222
1142:was promoted to general and given command over the
735:community of Vardar Macedonia was placed under the
4171:Marie-Françoise, Allain; Galmiche, Xavier (1993).
3265:
3263:
2677:
2675:
2565:
2428:
2426:
2275:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
2122:Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918–1992
2045:Vlachs and Slavs in the Middle Ages and Modern Era
1976:The ethnic roots of the Croatian and Bosnian Serbs
1461:
810:. Following regular attacks by pro-Bulgarian IMRO
280:attempted to Serbianise the monastic community of
3968:
3966:
3964:
3352:. In Daskalov, Roumen; Marinov, Tchavdar (eds.).
3323:. In Daskalov, Roumen; Marinov, Tchavdar (eds.).
2148:Eastern Europe in the twentieth century–and after
1428:"The Real Face of Serbian Education in Macedonia"
1223:made a declaration of the province's independence
4251:
4249:
3550:
3437:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
4276:The Kosovo Tragedy: The Human Rights Dimensions
4127:
4125:
3179:
3177:
2650:
2648:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
1671:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 240, 241.
1291:condemn it as part of a Serbification project.
662:
169:
4305:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 102.
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3565:
2941:
2926:
2819:. In Van Ham, Peter; Medvedev, Sergei (eds.).
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2124:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 123.
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1447:
1126:and formation of a new Yugoslav federation of
388:claimed that Serbs formed half of the town of
323:on the Balkans had only a vague idea of their
27:Spread of Serbian culture, people, or politics
4448:
4351:
4349:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3755:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 86.
2559:
2557:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2204:
2202:
2200:
1942:
1940:
1938:
8:
3391:Anthropological Journal of European Cultures
2823:. Manchester University Press. p. 184.
2700:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 282, 284.
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
1763:Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009).
1460:Madgearu, Alexandru; Gordon, Martin (2008).
422:Territorial expansion of Serbia (1817–1913)
4020:
3972:
3821:. Manchester University Press. p. 66.
2984:
2982:
2980:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
1805:
1803:
1575:thesis) (in Bosnian). University of Vienna.
856:Bulgarian Army occupied southern Yugoslavia
4995:
4455:
4441:
4433:
4085:Kosovo: The politics of identity and space
3298:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 312.
2895:
2893:
2891:
1927:. Crnogorska akademija nauka i umjetnost.
1741:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16.
1665:Light, Andrew; Smith, Jonathan M. (1998).
1600:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
59:. Please do not remove this message until
3627:
3625:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3574:
2681:
2666:
2654:
2548:
2517:
2417:
2388:
2358:
2239:
1896:
1151:were also under the control of Belgrade.
317:rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
3941:Leurdijk, Dick A.; Zandee, Dick (2001).
3776:Dulić, Tomislav; Kostić, Roland (2010).
3602:Gow, James; Zveržhanovski, Ivan (2013).
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3257:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, pp. 120-122.
2529:
2464:
2118:"Macedonians and Albanians as Yugoslavs"
1946:
928:
302:
55:Relevant discussion may be found on the
4131:
3882:
1419:
1183:In the late 1980s Milošević promoted a
1046:municipalities and in some villages in
884:. Other places such as Ferizović (Alb:
4255:
3853:
2963:. Duke University Press. p. 198.
2821:Mapping European Security after Kosovo
2771:
1593:
888:) had their name changed to Uroševac.
3644:Koonings, Kees; Kruijt, Dirk (2002).
2882:
2639:
2483:
2008:p. 64-66; Cornell University Press,
1991:The heritage of Western Balkan Vlachs
816:Association against Bulgarian Bandits
711:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
579:in the 1880s and 1890s. According to
7:
4302:Coercive Diplomacy of NATO in Kosovo
2572:. Oxford University Press. pp.
2058:
1767:. Infobase Publishing. p. 104.
1468:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. pp.
642:Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 Edition
562:), i. e., in the territories of the
546:and its institutions had no time to
478:According to jurist and sociologist
4033:Bache, Ian; Taylor, Andrew (2003).
3842:Marie-Françoise & Galmiche 1993
3670:
3631:
3586:
3535:
3495:
3476:
3425:
1790:"Istorii︠a︡ na bŭlgarskii︠a︡ narod"
1642:Serbia: the history behind the name
830:were violently Serbianised by Serb
392:population. In the sub-district of
4236:The Brown Journal of World Affairs
4088:. London: Routledge. p. 151.
3999:10.1023/B:GEJO.0000007205.16802.d7
3608:. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 28.
3510:International Journal of Sociology
2077:. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 45.
1739:A Short History of Modern Bulgaria
1654:-{Antic.org}-: Изгорео симбол Ниша
513:promotion of Serbian Macedonianism
430:, which was an implementation of
25:
4272:"Human wrongs in Kosovo, 1974-99"
4150:. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 9.
4147:Kosovo and International Society
3920:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2009.00808.x
2856:Karoubi, Mohammad Taghi (2017).
2390:10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00324.x
1122:. Following the independence of
34:
3815:MacDonald, David Bruce (2013).
3692:Review of International Studies
2862:. Routledge. pp. 175–176.
2377:International Studies Quarterly
2074:Yugoslavia: When Ideals Collide
1818:. MacMillan Press. p. 53.
1409:Yugoslav colonization of Kosovo
1149:Serb military forces in Croatia
376:, and Migrations of Bulgarians
3522:10.1080/15579336.1998.11770181
1586:Paligorić, Mihajlo T. (1937).
1144:Serbian armed forces in Bosnia
1100:breakup of Yugoslav federation
739:after payment was made to the
1:
4423:Frederick Bernard Singleton,
3944:Kosovo: From crisis to crisis
2613:Papavizas, George C. (2015).
2145:Crampton, Richard J. (2003).
1557:Ristić, Dejan (Summer 2013).
987:of Serbian". For Bulgarians,
880:, Miloševo after heroes from
685:Those who declared as ethnic
374:Great Migrations of the Serbs
256:Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346)
5239:Vardar Macedonia (1918–1941)
5234:Social history of Yugoslavia
5037:Romanisation of the writings
4425:Twentieth-century Yugoslavia
4082:Kostovicova, Denisa (2005).
3794:10.1080/09668136.2010.497015
3551:Gow & Zveržhanovski 2013
3450:Seibert, Leif-Hagen (2018).
3438:Gow & Zveržhanovski 2013
3356:. Brill. pp. 464, 487.
1814:. In Pettifer, James (ed.).
1332:since the 19th century. The
1287:(SDSM) celebrate it and the
534:Vlach (Ottoman social class)
434:'s expansionist plan called
321:ordinary Orthodox Christians
5151:Forced religious conversion
3348:Marinov, Tchavdar (2013b).
3319:Marinov, Tchavdar (2013a).
2995:. Peter Lang. p. 313.
2906:. Pluto Press. p. 10.
2815:Zürcher, Christoph (2002).
2564:Livanios, Dimitris (2008).
1816:The New Macedonian Question
1018:in 1920 as a result of the
589:Metropolitanate of Karlovci
350:, and then on the ridge of
190:
164:
61:conditions to do so are met
5255:
5219:Cultural history of Serbia
4278:. Routledge. p. 116.
4230:Ramet, Sabrina P. (1996).
3650:. Zed Books. p. 305.
3566:Koonings & Kruijt 2002
2957:Ramet, Sabrina P. (1995).
2942:Leurdijk & Zandee 2001
2927:Leurdijk & Zandee 2001
2903:Civil resistance in Kosovo
2619:. McFarland. p. 153.
2433:Palairet, Michael (2016).
2120:. In Djokić, Dejan (ed.).
1921:Bogišić, Valtazar (1984).
1877:European History Quarterly
1854:. IB Tauris. p. 223.
1496:Palairet, Michael (2016).
1448:Madgearu & Gordon 2008
1336:minority in north Serbia (
999:
636:The region of present-day
613:
527:
474:Principality of Montenegro
296:
245:
5114:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
4999:Assimilation by religions
4470:
4270:Bellamy, Alex J. (2012).
4144:Bellamy, Alex J. (2002).
4054:10.1017/S0143814X03003131
3725:Wallon, Emmanuel (1993).
3704:10.1017/S0260210506007091
2721:Perry, Duncan M. (1994).
2151:. Routledge. p. 20.
1989:Octavian Ciobanu; (2018)
1846:Mišković, Nataša (2011).
1241:wrote in the publication
983:has been described as a "
774:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
552:Vlachs in medieval Serbia
538:Vlachs in medieval Serbia
179:
170:
153:
136:
124:
5025:Assimilation by writings
4370:10.1525/ae.1997.24.2.415
4208:10.1177/0002716214545308
4042:Journal of Public Policy
3456:. Springer. p. 57.
2694:Boškovska, Nada (2017).
2371:Horowitz, Shale (2004).
2335:Who are the Macedonians?
1889:10.1177/0265691405054219
1737:Crampton, R. J. (1987).
1294:Under the leadership of
1191:. On 23 March 1989, the
4274:. In Booth, Ken (ed.).
4021:Bache & Taylor 2003
3947:. Ashgate. p. 20.
3683:Coward, Martin (2006).
3290:Ciscel, Mathew (2012).
2989:Iseni, Bashkim (2008).
2742:10.3406/polit.1994.4255
2283:10.1515/ijsl.1985.52.31
1006:The territories called
946:of a part of 1929–1941
737:Serbian Orthodox Church
242:, Prizren, 15th century
5131:Cultural globalisation
4412:Jagellonian University
4299:Bytyçi, Enver (2015).
3327:. Brill. p. 327.
2900:Clark, Howard (2000).
2332:Poulton, Hugh (1995).
2116:Poulton, Hugh (2003).
2024:Vjeran Kursar; (2013)
1974:Mirko Valentić;(1992)
1810:Drezov, Kyril (1999).
1640:Stevan K. Pavlowitch,
1218:University of Pristina
1118:region of Croatia and
989:Macedonian nationalism
935:
873:demographics of Kosovo
752:
683:
633:
516:these nationalist was
423:
365:The region of today's
312:
293:Principality of Serbia
243:
199:
145:
130:
119:
5214:Cultural assimilation
4464:Cultural assimilation
4340:10.3917/ethn.012.0287
3908:International Affairs
2532:, pp. 23–24, 68.
1788:Savić, Milan (1981).
1175:(ICTY) by witnesses.
1128:Serbia and Montenegro
1016:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
952:South Slavic language
932:
778:Bulgarian nationalism
750:
648:". Immediately after
623:
616:Macedonian Bulgarians
494:who mostly worked as
421:
306:
237:
5168:Internal colonialism
5136:Cultural imperialism
4817:Northern Afghanistan
4358:American Ethnologist
4328:Ethnologie Française
4258:, pp. 131–132.
3568:, pp. 302, 305.
1590:. Niš. pp. 5–8.
1083:League of Communists
1002:Bulgarians in Serbia
969:Socialist Yugoslavia
920:Communist Yugoslavia
444:was included in the
319:the majority of the
5224:Serbian irredentism
5209:Serbian nationalism
5173:Jewish assimilation
5146:Forced assimilation
4684:or Castilianisation
3782:Europe-Asia Studies
3749:Gow, James (2003).
2885:, pp. 312–313.
2730:Politique Étrangère
2684:, pp. 282–283.
2669:, pp. 283–284.
1534:Dimitrije Davidović
1330:Romanians in Serbia
1324:Other ethnic groups
1185:Serbian nationalist
1038:. They live in the
956:Yugoslav Communists
916:to Serbianisation.
882:Serbian epic poetry
803:Bulgarian Macedonia
691:Bulgarian Exarchate
601:Interwar Yugoslavia
446:Bulgarian Exarchate
442:Southern Pomoravlje
336:Southern Pomoravlje
309:Dimitrije Davidović
274:Uglješa Mrnjavčević
224:forced assimilation
202:) is the spread of
48:of this article is
4797:Montenegrinisation
3673:, pp. 59, 85.
2071:Lane, Ann (2017).
2004:Ivo Banac; (1984)
1399:Montenegrinisation
1308:Ljubčo Georgievski
1206:Serbian literature
1193:autonomy of Kosovo
1157:Army of Yugoslavia
1104:Slobodan Milošević
996:"Western Outlands"
936:
753:
634:
424:
313:
244:
216:social integration
5196:
5195:
5163:Identity politics
5052:
5051:
4782:Macedonianisation
3479:, pp. 57–58.
2361:, pp. 92–93.
2043:Czamańska Ilona;
1389:Macedonianisation
1312:Radio Free Europe
1060:Tito–Stalin split
1020:Treaty of Neuilly
934:"Serbianization".
847:Croatian question
658:Kingdom of Serbia
502:Ottoman Macedonia
465:Kingdom of Serbia
382:18th-19th century
299:Torlakian dialect
188:
162:
89:
88:
81:
16:(Redirected from
5246:
5141:Dominant culture
5124:Related concepts
5086:De-russification
5074:De-stalinisation
5069:De-communisation
5006:Christianisation
4996:
4848:or Latinisation
4802:Norwegianisation
4778:or Hungarisation
4752:
4593:Colombianisation
4495:Native Americans
4457:
4450:
4443:
4434:
4428:
4421:
4415:
4408:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4353:
4344:
4343:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4267:
4261:
4253:
4244:
4243:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4100:
4099:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4064:. Archived from
4039:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4010:
3982:
3976:
3973:Kostovicova 2005
3970:
3959:
3958:
3938:
3925:
3923:
3903:
3886:
3880:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3788:(7): 1066–1067.
3773:
3767:
3766:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3689:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3599:
3590:
3584:
3569:
3563:
3554:
3548:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3408:
3406:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3287:
3281:
3267:
3258:
3246:
3240:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3210:
3199:
3193:
3181:
3172:
3160:
3154:
3143:
3137:
3121:
3115:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3089:
3070:
3064:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2986:
2975:
2974:
2954:
2948:
2939:
2933:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2897:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2853:
2836:
2834:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2784:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2727:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2610:
2604:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2571:
2561:
2552:
2546:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2504:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2468:
2462:
2451:
2450:
2430:
2421:
2415:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2329:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2113:
2107:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2041:
2035:
2022:
2016:
2002:
1996:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1933:
1932:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1900:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1843:
1830:
1829:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1702:
1696:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1662:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1467:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1285:Social Democrats
1262:Serbian language
1132:Veljko Kadijević
1022:, following the
1008:Western Outlands
808:Dobrica Matković
801:full control of
776:(Exarchate) and
681:
654:Vardar Macedonia
610:Vardar Macedonia
566:, together with
564:Croatian Kingdom
508:Stojan Novaković
484:Eastern Orthodox
480:Valtazar Bogišić
252:Nemanjić dynasty
193:
183:
181:
173:
172:
167:
157:
155:
139:
138:
133:
127:
126:
100:, also known as
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5188:Monoculturalism
5119:
5108:De-sinicisation
5081:De-nazification
5057:Opposite trends
5048:
5020:
4994:
4876:Sanskritisation
4841:Romanianisation
4807:Pakistanisation
4746:
4682:Hispanicisation
4672:Hawaiianisation
4628:Europeanisation
4623:Estonianisation
4578:Canadianisation
4485:Americanisation
4466:
4461:
4431:
4422:
4418:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4394:
4390:, pp. 115; 162.
4381:
4377:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4313:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4286:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4247:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4158:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4130:
4103:
4096:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4068:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4019:
4015:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3971:
3962:
3955:
3940:
3939:
3928:
3905:
3904:
3889:
3881:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3585:
3572:
3564:
3557:
3549:
3542:
3534:
3530:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3432:
3424:
3411:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3268:
3261:
3247:
3243:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3200:
3196:
3182:
3175:
3161:
3157:
3144:
3140:
3122:
3118:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3071:
3067:
3058:
3054:
3030:10.2307/3234278
3015:
3014:
3010:
3003:
2988:
2987:
2978:
2971:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2940:
2936:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2899:
2898:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2855:
2854:
2839:
2831:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2753:
2749:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2680:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2646:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2598:
2594:
2588:Serbianization.
2584:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2507:
2494:
2490:
2482:
2471:
2463:
2454:
2447:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2416:
2399:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2331:
2330:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2042:
2038:
2023:
2019:
2003:
1999:
1988:
1984:
1973:
1969:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1936:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1826:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1644:, 2002 — p. 68.
1639:
1635:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1592:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1404:Romanianization
1350:
1326:
1296:Nikola Gruevski
1281:
1279:North Macedonia
1276:
1264:
1239:Vojislav Šešelj
1235:Vaso Čubrilović
1181:
1092:
1079:
1024:First World War
1004:
998:
948:Vardar Banovina
927:
922:
906:
864:
727:First World War
682:
676:
638:North Macedonia
618:
612:
603:
598:
572:sedentarization
540:
526:
518:Miloš Milojević
504:
476:
467:
440:. In 1870, the
378:during the 17th
325:ethnic identity
301:
295:
290:
258:
232:
230:Medieval period
204:Serbian culture
85:
74:
68:
65:
54:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5252:
5250:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5201:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5178:Language shift
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5083:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5066:
5064:De-arabisation
5060:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5002:
5000:
4993:
4992:
4990:Zairianisation
4987:
4982:
4980:Westernisation
4977:
4975:Vietnamisation
4972:
4967:
4962:
4960:Turkmenisation
4957:
4956:
4955:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4928:Talibanisation
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4888:
4883:
4881:Serbianisation
4878:
4873:
4871:Saffronisation
4868:
4867:
4866:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4824:Persianisation
4821:
4820:
4819:
4812:Pashtunisation
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4771:Lithuanisation
4768:
4766:Latvianization
4763:
4758:
4753:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4732:Japanification
4724:
4722:Italianisation
4719:
4718:
4717:
4707:
4702:
4700:Indigenisation
4697:
4696:
4695:
4685:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4662:Georgification
4659:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4642:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4633:Westernisation
4625:
4620:
4618:Dutchification
4615:
4610:
4608:Cypriotisation
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:Bosniakisation
4565:
4564:
4563:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4544:Belarusisation
4541:
4539:Araucanisation
4536:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4482:
4477:
4475:Africanisation
4471:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4437:
4430:
4429:
4416:
4403:
4392:
4375:
4345:
4318:
4311:
4291:
4284:
4262:
4245:
4222:
4186:
4163:
4156:
4136:
4134:, p. 115.
4101:
4094:
4074:
4071:on 2019-02-25.
4025:
4023:, p. 288.
4013:
3977:
3960:
3953:
3926:
3887:
3885:, p. 114.
3858:
3846:
3834:
3827:
3807:
3768:
3761:
3741:
3717:
3675:
3663:
3656:
3636:
3621:
3614:
3591:
3570:
3555:
3540:
3528:
3500:
3481:
3469:
3462:
3442:
3430:
3409:
3381:
3369:
3362:
3340:
3333:
3311:
3304:
3282:
3259:
3241:
3220:
3211:
3209:, chapter 109.
3194:
3173:
3155:
3138:
3116:
3099:
3090:
3088:, pp. 367–375.
3065:
3052:
3008:
3001:
2976:
2969:
2949:
2934:
2919:
2912:
2887:
2875:
2868:
2837:
2829:
2807:
2776:
2764:
2747:
2713:
2706:
2686:
2682:Boškovska 2017
2671:
2667:Boškovska 2017
2659:
2657:, p. 283.
2655:Boškovska 2017
2644:
2642:, p. 197.
2632:
2625:
2605:
2592:
2582:
2553:
2551:, p. 282.
2549:Boškovska 2017
2534:
2522:
2520:, p. 284.
2518:Boškovska 2017
2505:
2488:
2486:, p. 312.
2469:
2452:
2445:
2422:
2420:, p. 281.
2418:Boškovska 2017
2397:
2363:
2359:Papavizas 2015
2351:
2344:
2317:
2296:
2265:
2244:
2240:Papavizas 2015
2225:
2213:
2196:
2184:
2164:
2157:
2137:
2130:
2108:
2090:
2083:
2063:
2051:
2036:
2032:, 34; 115–161
2017:
1997:
1982:
1967:
1951:
1949:, p. 317.
1934:
1913:
1883:(3): 465–492.
1867:
1860:
1831:
1824:
1799:
1780:
1774:978-1438110257
1773:
1755:
1747:
1729:
1720:
1711:Akademik Bakış
1697:
1684:
1677:
1657:
1646:
1633:
1616:
1607:
1578:
1549:
1539:
1524:
1515:
1508:
1488:
1478:
1452:
1440:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1369:Bosniakisation
1366:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1325:
1322:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1263:
1260:
1180:
1177:
1091:
1088:
1078:
1075:
1010:were ceded by
997:
994:
985:creolized form
977:Serbo-Croatian
926:
923:
921:
918:
905:
902:
863:
860:
741:Constantinople
723:Serbo-Croatian
674:
630:Southern Serbs
611:
608:
602:
599:
597:
594:
544:Serbian Empire
525:
522:
503:
500:
475:
472:
466:
463:
386:Cyprien Robert
367:Eastern Serbia
362:in the South.
294:
291:
289:
286:
231:
228:
116:Serbo-Croatian
98:Serbianization
92:Serbianisation
87:
86:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Serbianization
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5251:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:Slavicization
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5158:Globalisation
5156:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5091:Korenizatsiia
5089:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5032:Cyrillisation
5030:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4965:Ukrainisation
4963:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4948:Turkification
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:Taiwanisation
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:Swedification
4921:
4919:
4918:Swahilisation
4916:
4914:
4913:Sovietisation
4911:
4909:
4908:Slovakisation
4906:
4904:
4903:Slavicisation
4901:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:Sinhalisation
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4859:Russification
4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4792:Mongolisation
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4776:Magyarisation
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4761:Kurdification
4759:
4757:
4756:Koreanisation
4754:
4750:
4745:
4744:Kazakhisation
4742:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4710:Israelisation
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4688:Indianisation
4686:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Hellenisation
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Germanisation
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:Gaelicisation
4655:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:Finnicisation
4638:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:Chilenisation
4586:
4584:
4583:Celticisation
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4573:Bulgarisation
4571:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4556:Bengalisation
4554:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:Anglicisation
4505:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4458:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4322:
4319:
4314:
4312:9781443876681
4308:
4304:
4303:
4295:
4292:
4287:
4285:9781136334764
4281:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4187:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4167:
4164:
4159:
4157:9780230597600
4153:
4149:
4148:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4095:9780415348065
4091:
4087:
4086:
4078:
4075:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4014:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3978:
3975:, p. 77.
3974:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3954:9780754615545
3950:
3946:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3856:, p. 22.
3855:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3828:9781847795700
3824:
3820:
3819:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3772:
3769:
3764:
3762:9781850656463
3758:
3754:
3753:
3745:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3659:
3657:9781856499798
3653:
3649:
3648:
3640:
3637:
3634:, p. 60.
3633:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3615:9781137276148
3611:
3607:
3606:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3589:, p. 59.
3588:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3553:, p. 29.
3552:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3538:, p. 66.
3537:
3532:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3498:, p. 58.
3497:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3463:9783658210335
3459:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3443:
3440:, p. 37.
3439:
3434:
3431:
3428:, p. 57.
3427:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3363:9789004250765
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3334:9789004250765
3330:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3305:9789027273918
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:9780230580084
3252:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3168:0-8153-4058-3
3165:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3134:0-691-04356-6
3131:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3009:
3004:
3002:9783039113200
2998:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2970:9780822315483
2966:
2962:
2961:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2913:9780745315690
2909:
2905:
2904:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2871:
2869:9781351154666
2865:
2861:
2860:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2830:9781847790170
2826:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2774:, p. 14.
2773:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2707:9781786730732
2703:
2699:
2698:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2626:9781476610191
2622:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2583:9780199237685
2579:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2530:Livanios 2008
2526:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2467:, p. 23.
2466:
2465:Livanios 2008
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2446:9781443888493
2442:
2438:
2437:
2429:
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2412:
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2374:
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2355:
2352:
2347:
2345:9781850652380
2341:
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2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:(52): 31–57.
2276:
2269:
2266:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2242:, p. 92.
2241:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2158:9781134712229
2154:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2131:9781850656630
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2084:9780230214071
2080:
2076:
2075:
2067:
2064:
2061:, p. 44.
2060:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1947:Marinov 2013a
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1861:9781848854772
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:9780230535794
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1795:
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1784:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1748:9780521273237
1744:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1705:Özkan, Ayşe.
1701:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1678:9780847688104
1674:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:954-322-019-0
1626:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1566:
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1553:
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1535:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1509:9781443888431
1505:
1501:
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1492:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1479:9780810858466
1475:
1471:
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1429:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1394:Magyarization
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1384:Germanisation
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Bulgarisation
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
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1278:
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1269:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:Velika Srbija
1240:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1197:Serb Republic
1194:
1190:
1186:
1178:
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1174:
1170:
1166:
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1145:
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1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:Yugoslav army
1090:Yugoslav army
1089:
1087:
1084:
1077:Yugoslav wars
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
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1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
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993:
990:
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982:
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960:
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941:
931:
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919:
917:
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911:
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901:
899:
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879:
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869:
861:
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848:
842:
840:
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833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
800:
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789:
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784:
779:
775:
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767:
761:
759:
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745:
742:
738:
733:
728:
724:
720:
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712:
707:
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651:
647:
643:
639:
631:
627:
622:
617:
609:
607:
600:
595:
593:
590:
586:
585:millet system
582:
578:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:Vojna Krajina
557:
553:
549:
545:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
519:
514:
509:
501:
499:
497:
493:
492:Romani people
489:
485:
481:
473:
471:
464:
462:
460:
456:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:
433:
429:
420:
416:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
368:
363:
361:
360:Lake of Ohrid
358:River to the
357:
353:
352:Shar Mountain
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
310:
305:
300:
292:
287:
285:
283:
279:
278:Stefan Uroš V
275:
271:
267:
263:
257:
253:
249:
241:
236:
229:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
186:
177:
166:
160:
151:
147:
143:
132:
131:posrbljavanje
121:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
102:Serbification
99:
96:
93:
83:
80:
72:
62:
58:
52:
51:
47:
41:
32:
31:
19:
5112:
5096:Latinisation
5042:Soviet Union
5016:Islamisation
4985:Wolofisation
4970:Uzbekisation
4943:Thaification
4938:Tamilisation
4891:Sinicisation
4880:
4846:Romanisation
4836:Polonisation
4787:Malayisation
4739:Javanisation
4727:Japanisation
4705:Indonesation
4645:Francisation
4613:Czechisation
4603:Croatisation
4598:Creolisation
4480:Albanisation
4419:
4406:
4395:
4378:
4361:
4357:
4331:
4327:
4321:
4301:
4294:
4275:
4265:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4199:
4195:
4189:
4179:
4175:
4166:
4146:
4139:
4132:Bellamy 2012
4084:
4077:
4066:the original
4045:
4041:
4028:
4016:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3943:
3911:
3907:
3883:Bellamy 2012
3849:
3837:
3817:
3810:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3751:
3744:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3695:
3691:
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3646:
3639:
3604:
3531:
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3509:
3503:
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3390:
3384:
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3295:
3285:
3244:
3229:proscribed).
3227:
3223:
3214:
3197:
3158:
3141:
3136:, pp. 65–66.
3124:
3119:
3113:Google Books
3111:, p. 43, at
3106:
3102:
3093:
3072:
3068:
3059:
3055:
3021:
3017:
3011:
2991:
2959:
2952:
2937:
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2902:
2878:
2858:
2820:
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2792:
2788:
2767:
2750:
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2689:
2662:
2635:
2615:
2608:
2595:
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2567:
2525:
2491:
2435:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2354:
2334:
2309:. Retrieved
2299:
2274:
2268:
2257:. Retrieved
2247:
2216:
2187:
2176:. Retrieved
2167:
2147:
2140:
2121:
2111:
2093:
2073:
2066:
2054:
2044:
2039:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2005:
2000:
1990:
1985:
1975:
1970:
1954:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1851:
1815:
1793:
1783:
1764:
1758:
1738:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1667:
1660:
1649:
1641:
1636:
1619:
1610:
1587:
1581:
1564:
1559:
1552:
1542:
1527:
1518:
1498:
1491:
1484:Serbization.
1483:
1463:
1455:
1443:
1432:. Retrieved
1422:
1379:Croatisation
1364:Albanisation
1342:World War II
1327:
1293:
1282:
1274:21st century
1265:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1231:
1227:
1215:
1202:
1182:
1153:
1140:Ratko Mladić
1113:
1109:Vojna Linija
1108:
1093:
1080:
1005:
973:bilingualism
965:SR Macedonia
961:
944:SR Macedonia
940:Marshal Tito
937:
925:SR Macedonia
907:
890:
865:
852:World War II
843:
838:
836:
798:
792:
787:
781:
769:
765:
762:
754:
732:Stefan Dušan
708:
700:assimilation
684:
663:
635:
629:
626:Jovan Cvijić
604:
596:20th century
576:
547:
542:Pre-Ottoman
541:
505:
486:citizens of
477:
468:
435:
428:Old Serbians
425:
413:
364:
354:towards the
348:South Morava
334:, including
329:
324:
314:
288:19th century
270:Stefan Dušan
266:Timok rivers
259:
248:Dušan's Code
214:, either by
165:sarbizatsiya
111:
105:
101:
97:
91:
90:
75:
66:
44:
5183:Melting pot
5011:Judaisation
4747: [
4512:Arabisation
4256:Bytyçi 2015
3854:Bytyçi 2015
2789:Il Politico
2772:Bytyçi 2015
1930:srbizirani.
1898:2440/124622
1631:. с. 57–58.
1359:Serbophobia
1300:pro-Serbian
1136:Bosnian War
1067:labour camp
942:formed out
938:After WWII
766:South Serbs
758:Interbellum
709:During the
550:the Balkan
496:blacksmiths
450:Milan Savić
437:Načertanije
282:Mount Athos
200:serbificare
171:посръбчване
137:посрбљавање
112:Serbization
106:Serbisation
5203:Categories
4953:placenames
4693:placenames
4561:placenames
4490:immigrants
4388:0190877391
4364:(2): 430.
4334:(2): 291.
4202:(1): 120.
4182:(3/4): 78.
4048:(3): 287.
3993:(4): 274.
3987:GeoJournal
3914:(3): 466.
3698:(3): 424.
3278:3110220261
3237:0312299133
3207:3110393689
3190:0230523889
3151:0208008217
3086:3954770369
3078:Thede Kahl
3024:(2): 230.
2944:, p.
2929:, p.
2883:Iseni 2008
2795:(4): 709.
2760:0191528722
2736:(1): 194.
2640:Perry 1994
2501:9989624518
2484:Iseni 2008
2383:(4): 765.
2311:2007-08-03
2259:2007-08-03
2178:2015-04-12
2104:0847698092
2014:0801416752
1978:pp. 1–21;
1964:8686601073
1434:2007-08-03
1289:VMRO-DPMNE
1255:Kosovo war
1069:after the
1044:Bosilegrad
1028:Bulgarians
1000:See also:
910:Hungarians
839:Macedonian
828:Bregalnica
812:komitadjis
788:Bulgaroman
687:Bulgarians
650:annexation
646:Bulgarians
614:See also:
528:See also:
488:Montenegro
356:Black Drin
297:See also:
246:See also:
191:srbizacija
180:србизација
176:Macedonian
154:сърбизация
125:србизација
120:srbizacija
46:neutrality
4829:societies
4517:Armenians
4242:(1): 359.
4216:144211313
4007:143238786
3802:144603117
3516:(3): 37.
3397:(9): 70.
3280:, p. 420.
3239:, p. 430.
3192:, p. 126.
3061:language.
3046:155831683
2762:, p. 179.
2291:143667209
2106:, p. 236.
2059:Lane 2017
1993:pp. 1–9;
1907:144497487
1794:google.bg
1596:cite book
1354:Serbomans
1338:Vojvodina
1334:Hungarian
1189:Vojvodina
1064:Goli Otok
1056:Surdulica
1052:Babušnica
914:Vojvodina
904:Vojvodina
868:Albanians
715:Macedonia
670:Grecomans
666:Serbomans
581:Ivo Banac
548:serbicize
432:Garašanin
414:Bulgaria.
394:Prokuplje
340:Macedonia
185:romanized
159:romanized
150:Bulgarian
146:serbizimi
69:July 2019
57:talk page
4650:Brussels
4414:, Cracow
4062:33341334
3737:(7): 90.
3671:Gow 2003
3632:Gow 2003
3587:Gow 2003
3536:Gow 2003
3496:Gow 2003
3477:Gow 2003
3426:Gow 2003
3403:43234857
2801:43101606
2211:(p. 165)
1348:See also
1210:language
1161:Sarajevo
1040:Caribrod
1012:Bulgaria
898:Anatolia
799:de facto
783:bugaraši
719:dialects
702:through
675:—
577:Srbobran
530:Morlachs
410:expelled
406:Leskovac
380:and the
238:Code of
220:cultural
212:language
196:Romanian
142:Albanian
50:disputed
5101:Ukraine
4864:Finland
4522:Berbers
3712:2986740
3038:3234278
2223:(p. 53)
2194:(p. 52)
1304:VMRO-NP
1216:At the
1169:Vukovar
1116:Krajina
1014:to the
886:Ferizaj
832:četniks
656:to the
187::
161::
4527:Blacks
4386:
4309:
4282:
4214:
4176:Esprit
4154:
4092:
4060:
4005:
3951:
3825:
3800:
3759:
3731:Esprit
3710:
3654:
3612:
3460:
3401:
3360:
3331:
3302:
3276:
3253:
3235:
3205:
3188:
3166:
3149:
3132:
3084:
3044:
3036:
3018:Polity
2999:
2967:
2910:
2866:
2827:
2799:
2758:
2704:
2623:
2580:
2499:
2443:
2342:
2289:
2155:
2128:
2102:
2081:
2012:
1962:
1905:
1858:
1822:
1771:
1745:
1675:
1627:
1567:]
1506:
1476:
1472:-126.
1317:Skopje
1179:Kosovo
1165:Mostar
1124:Bosnia
1120:Bosnia
981:Skopje
878:Obilić
862:Kosovo
854:, the
824:Tikveš
820:Garvan
704:terror
696:Skopje
568:Bosnia
556:Vlachs
536:, and
524:Vlachs
459:Morava
398:Vranje
371:plague
262:Morava
254:, and
218:or by
210:, and
208:people
104:, and
4896:Tibet
4852:names
4751:]
4715:names
4500:names
4212:S2CID
4069:(PDF)
4058:S2CID
4038:(PDF)
4003:S2CID
3798:S2CID
3708:S2CID
3688:(PDF)
3399:JSTOR
3042:S2CID
3034:JSTOR
2797:JSTOR
2726:(PDF)
2287:S2CID
1903:S2CID
1573:MPhil
1569:(PDF)
1563:[
1415:Notes
1310:told
1048:Pirot
1032:IWORO
894:İzmir
770:Serbs
455:Timok
402:Pirot
344:Timok
240:Dušan
4549:soft
4532:Jews
4384:ISBN
4307:ISBN
4280:ISBN
4152:ISBN
4090:ISBN
3949:ISBN
3823:ISBN
3757:ISBN
3652:ISBN
3610:ISBN
3458:ISBN
3358:ISBN
3329:ISBN
3300:ISBN
3274:ISBN
3251:ISBN
3233:ISBN
3203:ISBN
3186:ISBN
3164:ISBN
3147:ISBN
3130:ISBN
3082:ISBN
2997:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2908:ISBN
2864:ISBN
2825:ISBN
2756:ISBN
2702:ISBN
2621:ISBN
2578:ISBN
2497:ISBN
2441:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2126:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2079:ISBN
2010:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1769:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1717:(9).
1673:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1602:link
1504:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1208:and
1167:and
1094:The
1071:WWII
1054:and
1042:and
1036:WWII
896:and
826:and
795:IMRO
768:and
668:", "
482:all
457:and
404:and
346:and
338:and
264:and
43:The
4366:doi
4336:doi
4204:doi
4200:656
4180:190
4050:doi
3995:doi
3916:doi
3790:doi
3735:193
3700:doi
3518:doi
3026:doi
2738:doi
2385:doi
2279:doi
1893:hdl
1885:doi
1547:85.
1470:125
912:in
652:of
448:.
390:Niš
332:Niš
222:or
168:or
128:or
5205::
4749:ru
4362:24
4360:.
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4332:31
4330:.
4248:^
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4234:.
4210:.
4198:.
4178:.
4104:^
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4040:.
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3929:^
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3890:^
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3262:^
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3040:.
3032:.
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2728:.
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