31:
652:
640:
183:
536:
603:
431:
in
Podolia, where from 1892 he owned a huge estate. In fact, while working as the director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine, Winogradsky renounced his salary, which was transferred to a special account, and then used these funds to build a room for a scientific library, the director of which
435:
In
Gorodok Winogradsky addressed the problems of agriculture and soil science. He introduced new management methods, bought the best varieties of seeds, plants, and livestock, and advanced technology. His estate became one of the richest and most successful in Podolia, and remained profitable even
439:
He retired from active scientific work in 1905, dividing his time between his private estate in
Gorodok and Switzerland. After the revolution of 1917, Winogradsky went first to Switzerland and then to Belgrade. In 1922, he accepted an invitation to head the
617:
570:, not from reactions of inorganic compounds. With the discovery of organisms that oxidized inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonium as energy sources, autotrophs could be divided into two groups:
1329:
856:
398:
He returned to St. Petersburg for the period 1891β1905, obtaining his doctoral degree in 1902 and from then on heading the division of general microbiology of the
1289:
616:
In
Ukraine, the study and popularization of the life and activities of Sergey Winogradsky are promoted by the Winogradsky Club, whose centre is located in the
1294:
690:
1090:
448:, France, about 30 km from Paris. During this period, he worked on a number of topics, among them iron bacteria, nitrifying bacteria,
339:
153:
93:
739:
Ackert, L. (2006). "The Role of
Microbes in Agriculture: Sergei Vinogradskii's Discovery and Investigation of Chemosynthesis, 1880β1910".
651:
1284:
195:
1324:
1309:
399:
161:
1229:
323:
to a family of wealthy lawyers. Among his paternal ancestors were
Cossack atamans, and on the maternal side he was linked to the
593:
remains an important display of chemoautotrophy and microbial ecology, demonstrated in microbiology lectures around the world.
1304:
350:, receiving his degree in 1881 and staying on for a master's in botany, which he received in 1884. In 1885, he moved to the
1319:
1314:
420:
335:
216:
462:-decomposing bacteria, and culture methods for soil microorganisms. In 1923 Winogradsky became an honorary member of the
610:
428:
1334:
463:
126:
583:
424:
733:
Sergei
Vinogradskii and the Cycle of Life: From the Thermodynamics of Life to Ecological Microbiology, 1850-1950
351:
157:
689:
Moshynets, O. (April 2013). "From
Winogradsky's column to contemporary research using bacterial microcosms.".
1299:
696:
427:. In 1905, due to ill health, the scientist left the institute and moved from St. Petersburg to the town of
328:
639:
1133:
768:
Ackert, L. (2007). "The 'Cycle of Life' in
Ecology: Sergei Vinogradskii's Soil Microbiology, 1885β1940".
1021:
1279:
1274:
1182:
945:
475:
244:
676:
466:
despite his emigration. He retired from active life in 1940 and died in Brie-Comte-Robert in 1953.
373:
281:
30:
1047:
875:
817:
785:
756:
711:
671:
590:
555:
527:
343:
324:
304:
208:
550:
Winogradsky is best known for discovering chemoautotrophy, which soon became popularly known as
334:
After graduating from the 2nd Kiev
Gymnasium in 1873, he began studying law, but he entered the
1074:
620:(G-MUSEUM). One of the museum's exhibitions is a reconstruction of Winogradsky's laboratory in
1225:
1221:
1198:
1086:
1039:
1002:
961:
621:
579:
505:
449:
445:
441:
409:
224:
165:
121:
81:
1190:
1078:
1029:
992:
953:
865:
809:
777:
748:
574:
and chemoautotrophs. Winogradsky was one of the first researchers to attempt to understand
347:
297:
277:. Born in the capital of present-day Ukraine, his legacy is also celebrated by this nation.
262:
200:
182:
55:
724:
289:
1248:
365:, where he began investigation into the process of nitrification, identifying the genera
1186:
1170:
981:"Sergei Winogradsky: A founder of modern microbiology and the first microbial ecologist"
949:
797:
575:
563:
551:
539:
498:
320:
232:
103:
59:
1069:
The Prokaryotes: A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass
1268:
1194:
1067:
1051:
997:
980:
813:
789:
609:
In 2012, a bust of the scientist was unveiled on the grounds of his former estate in
355:
1034:
821:
760:
1254:
483:
413:
367:
338:
in 1875 to study piano. However, after two years of music training, he entered the
240:
143:
513:
is a free living microbe capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and not living in
957:
800:(1946). "Sergei Nikolaevitch Winogradsky: The study of a great bacteriologist".
566:. Previously, it was believed that autotrophs obtained their energy solely from
517:
509:
487:
454:
408:, which is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. In St. Petersburg he trained
404:
387:
248:
1150:
Winogradsky, M. S. (1890). "Recherches sur les organisms de la nitrification".
781:
752:
571:
432:
lived on the income from the estate, where agricultural work was carried out.
285:
274:
107:
1202:
1138:
Sergei N. Winogradsky: His Life and Work: The Story of a Great Bacteriologist
1082:
1043:
535:
491:
459:
253:
236:
111:
1110:
1006:
965:
870:
851:
362:
273:
droplets. This research provided the first example of lithotrophy, but not
554:, the process by which organisms derive energy from a number of different
378:
578:
outside of the medical context, making him among the first students of
444:'s division of agricultural bacteriology at an experimental station at
436:
during the First World War, falling under Austro-Hungarian occupation.
392:
382:
879:
486:
for which he first became renowned, including the first known form of
936:
Waksman, S. A. (1953). "Sergei Nikolaevitch Winogradsky: 1856-1953".
692:
Microcosms: Ecology, Biological Implications and Environmental Impact
559:
514:
270:
893:
567:
358:, subsequently becoming renowned for his work on sulfur bacteria.
1020:
Kryvyi, P. A.; Gumeniuk, G. L.; Bratchykova, Yu V. (2022-10-24).
316:
220:
51:
412:, who popularized Winogradskys concepts and methodology in the
604:
Institute of Microbiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1259:
402:. During this period, he identified the obligate anaerobe
303:
He is best known in school science as the inventor of the
921:
Winogradsky, Sergius (1887). "Ueber Schwefelbacterien".
327:. In his youth Winogradsky was "strictly devoted to the
247:
concept. Winogradsky discovered the first known form of
1111:"Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠΉ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ: Π±ΡΠ»Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ"
657:
Recreation of Winogradsky's laboratory at the G-MUSEUM
478:
and parts of these cycles. These discoveries include
857:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
695:. Harris, C.C. (eds.). pp. 1β27. Archived from
336:
Imperial Conservatoire of Music in Saint Petersburg
175:
149:
139:
117:
99:
89:
66:
37:
21:
1066:
419:In 1901, he was elected an honorary member of the
16:Ukrainian and Russian microbiologist (1856β1953)
361:In 1888, after de Bary's death, he relocated to
269:S) as an energy source and formed intracellular
1330:Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
735:. Vol. 34.; Dordrecht; London: Springer, 2013.
307:technique for the study of sediment microbes.
852:"Sergei Nicholaevitch Winogradsky. 1856-1953"
8:
423:and, in 1902, a corresponding member of the
1251:at Cycle of Life website including images.
979:Dworkin, M. (2012). Gutnick, David (ed.).
29:
18:
1065:Dworkin, Martin; Falkow, Stanley (2006).
1033:
996:
869:
630:Representations of Winogradsky in Horodok
523:Chemosynthesis β his most noted discovery
1022:"Serhiy Winogradsky β a great Ukrainian"
624:including a wax figure of the scientist.
534:
835:
635:
331:", though he later became irreligious.
720:
709:
845:
843:
841:
839:
284:would report the first known form of
7:
1290:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1104:
1102:
916:
914:
606:bears Winogradsky's name since 2003.
354:to work under the renowned botanist
340:Saint Petersburg Imperial University
154:Saint Petersburg Imperial University
94:Saint Petersburg Imperial University
1295:Former Russian Orthodox Christians
1073:(3rd ed.). Springer. p.
894:"ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ"
400:Institute of Experimental Medicine
162:Institute of Experimental Medicine
14:
770:Journal of the History of Biology
741:Journal of the History of Biology
342:in 1877 to study chemistry under
227:), also published under the name
1220:(13th ed.). San Francisco:
1195:10.1097/00010694-192810000-00001
1140:. Rutgers University Press. p. 4
1109:Π¨Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°, ΠΠ°Ρ'ΡΠ½Π° (2023-09-01).
998:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00299.x
814:10.1097/00010694-194609000-00001
650:
638:
213:Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
181:
1218:Brock biology of microorganisms
1035:10.32902/2663-0338-2022-3-57-64
618:Horodok Museum of Local History
613:, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine.
474:Winogradsky discovered various
231:, was a Ukrainian and Russian
205:Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ
192:Sergei Nikolaevich Winogradsky
1:
421:Moscow Society of Naturalists
1216:Madigan, Michael T. (2012).
1171:"Professor V. L. Omeliansky"
391:, which oxidizes nitrite to
219:1 September] 1856,
1169:Waksman, Selman A. (1928).
1026:Infusion & Chemotherapy
958:10.1126/science.118.3054.36
484:bacterial sulfide oxidation
464:Russian Academy of Sciences
288:, showing how a lithotroph
257:in 1887. He reported that
127:Fellow of the Royal Society
1351:
1285:Environmental microbiology
584:environmental microbiology
504:The identification of the
425:French Academy of Sciences
1325:Leeuwenhoek Medal winners
1310:Ukrainian microbiologists
1260:official website G-Museum
985:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
782:10.1007/s10739-006-9104-6
753:10.1007/s10739-006-0008-2
416:during the next decades.
251:during his research with
215:; 13 September [
212:
204:
180:
171:
132:
112:Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
28:
1083:10.1007/0-387-30746-X_27
850:Thornton, H. G. (1953).
510:Clostridium pasteurianum
405:Clostridium pasteurianum
315:Winogradsky was born in
1134:Waksman, Selman Abraham
352:University of StraΓburg
158:University of StraΓburg
871:10.1098/rsbm.1953.0022
542:
1305:Ukrainian biochemists
1255:page Winogradsky Club
538:
476:biogeochemical cycles
1320:Ukrainian ecologists
1315:Ukrainian biologists
290:fixes carbon dioxide
223:β 24 February 1953,
1187:1928SoilS..26..255W
1115:Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
950:1953Sci...118...36W
677:Martinus Beijerinck
645:Bust of Winogradsky
556:inorganic compounds
282:nitrifying bacteria
229:Sergius Winogradsky
1335:Russian scientists
1249:Sergei Winogradsky
1152:Ann. Inst. Pasteur
923:Botanische Zeitung
719:Unknown parameter
672:Hermann Hellriegel
591:Winogradsky column
543:
528:Winogradsky column
344:Nikolai Menshutkin
325:Skoropadsky family
305:Winogradsky column
243:who pioneered the
23:Sergei Winogradsky
1222:Benjamin Cummings
1092:978-0-387-25496-8
622:Brie-Comte-Robert
580:microbial ecology
506:obligate anaerobe
450:nitrogen fixation
446:Brie-Comte-Robert
442:Pasteur Institute
410:Vasily Omelianski
377:, which oxidizes
346:and botany under
298:organic compounds
225:Brie-Comte-Robert
189:
188:
166:Pasteur Institute
134:Scientific career
122:Leeuwenhoek Medal
82:Brie-Comte-Robert
41:13 September 1856
1342:
1236:
1235:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1147:
1141:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1072:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1037:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1000:
976:
970:
969:
933:
927:
926:
918:
909:
908:
906:
905:
890:
884:
883:
873:
847:
825:
793:
764:
728:
722:
717:
715:
707:
705:
704:
654:
642:
497:His work on the
348:Andrei Famintsyn
280:His research on
263:hydrogen sulfide
214:
206:
198:
185:
77:
75:
70:24 February 1953
56:Kiev Governorate
48:
46:
33:
19:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1265:
1264:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1019:
1018:
1014:
978:
977:
973:
944:(3054): 36β37.
935:
934:
930:
920:
919:
912:
903:
901:
892:
891:
887:
864:(22): 635β644.
849:
848:
837:
832:
796:
767:
738:
731:Ackert, Lloyd.
718:
708:
702:
700:
688:
685:
683:Further reading
668:
663:
662:
661:
658:
655:
646:
643:
632:
631:
599:
572:photoautotrophs
562:in the form of
548:
472:
313:
295:
286:chemoautotrophy
268:
194:
164:
160:
156:
125:
110:
108:Chemoautotrophy
106:
90:Alma mater
85:
79:
73:
71:
62:
49:
44:
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1348:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1300:Nitrogen cycle
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1243:External links
1241:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1208:
1181:(4): 255β256.
1161:
1142:
1126:
1098:
1091:
1057:
1012:
991:(2): 364β379.
971:
928:
925:(45): 489β512.
910:
900:(in Ukrainian)
885:
834:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
798:Waksman, S. A.
794:
765:
747:(2): 373β406.
736:
729:
684:
681:
680:
679:
674:
667:
664:
660:
659:
656:
649:
647:
644:
637:
634:
633:
629:
628:
627:
626:
625:
614:
607:
598:
595:
576:microorganisms
564:carbon dioxide
552:chemosynthesis
547:
546:Chemosynthesis
544:
540:Nitrogen cycle
533:
532:
531:
530:
524:
521:
499:Nitrogen cycle
495:
471:
468:
329:Orthodox faith
321:Russian Empire
312:
309:
293:
266:
241:soil scientist
233:microbiologist
187:
186:
178:
177:
173:
172:
169:
168:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
130:
129:
119:
115:
114:
104:Nitrogen cycle
101:
100:Known for
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
80:
78:(aged 96)
68:
64:
63:
60:Russian Empire
50:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1347:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1233:
1231:9780321649638
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
932:
929:
924:
917:
915:
911:
899:
895:
889:
886:
881:
877:
872:
867:
863:
859:
858:
853:
846:
844:
842:
840:
836:
829:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
737:
734:
730:
726:
721:|agency=
713:
699:on 2016-02-01
698:
694:
693:
687:
686:
682:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
665:
653:
648:
641:
636:
623:
619:
615:
612:
608:
605:
601:
600:
596:
594:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
545:
541:
537:
529:
525:
522:
519:
516:
512:
511:
507:
503:
502:
500:
496:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:
479:
477:
469:
467:
465:
461:
457:
456:
451:
447:
443:
437:
433:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
406:
401:
396:
394:
390:
389:
384:
380:
376:
375:
374:Nitrosococcus
370:
369:
364:
359:
357:
356:Anton de Bary
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
310:
308:
306:
301:
299:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
264:
260:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:cycle-of-life
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
210:
202:
197:
193:
184:
179:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
83:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1217:
1211:
1178:
1175:Soil Science
1174:
1164:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1068:
1060:
1028:(3): 57β64.
1025:
1015:
988:
984:
974:
941:
937:
931:
922:
902:. Retrieved
898:ukrainci.top
897:
888:
861:
855:
805:
802:Soil Science
801:
773:
769:
744:
740:
732:
701:. Retrieved
697:the original
691:
588:
549:
518:root nodules
508:
482:His work on
473:
453:
438:
434:
418:
414:Soviet Union
403:
397:
386:
372:
368:Nitrosomonas
366:
360:
333:
314:
302:
279:
258:
252:
228:
191:
190:
150:Institutions
144:Microbiology
133:
1280:1953 deaths
1275:1856 births
808:: 197β226.
776:: 109β145.
558:and obtain
488:lithotrophy
470:Discoveries
455:Azotobacter
388:Nitrobacter
249:lithotrophy
1269:Categories
1158:: 213β231.
1120:2024-02-12
904:2024-02-12
830:References
703:2016-01-26
501:including
296:) to make
275:autotrophy
74:1953-02-25
45:1856-09-13
1203:0038-075X
1052:253131734
1044:2709-0957
790:128410978
723:ignored (
712:cite book
597:Memorials
492:Beggiatoa
460:cellulose
311:Biography
261:oxidized
259:Beggiatoa
254:Beggiatoa
237:ecologist
209:Ukrainian
176:Signature
1136:. 1953.
1007:22092289
966:13076173
822:94545224
761:84400593
666:See also
379:ammonium
196:ForMemRS
84:, France
1183:Bibcode
946:Bibcode
938:Science
611:Horodok
429:Gorodok
393:nitrate
383:nitrite
201:Russian
72: (
43: (
1228:
1201:
1089:
1050:
1042:
1005:
964:
880:769234
878:
820:
788:
759:
560:carbon
515:legume
385:, and
363:ZΓΌrich
271:sulfur
140:Fields
124:(1935)
118:Awards
1048:S2CID
876:JSTOR
818:S2CID
786:S2CID
757:S2CID
568:light
1226:ISBN
1199:ISSN
1087:ISBN
1040:ISSN
1003:PMID
962:PMID
725:help
602:The
589:The
582:and
526:The
490:(in
371:and
317:Kyiv
239:and
221:Kyiv
217:O.S.
67:Died
52:Kyiv
38:Born
1191:doi
1079:doi
1075:784
1030:doi
993:doi
954:doi
942:118
866:doi
810:doi
778:doi
749:doi
452:by
381:to
292:(CO
1271::
1224:.
1197:.
1189:.
1179:26
1177:.
1173:.
1154:.
1113:.
1101:^
1085:.
1077:.
1046:.
1038:.
1024:.
1001:.
989:36
987:.
983:.
960:.
952:.
940:.
913:^
896:.
874:.
860:.
854:.
838:^
816:.
806:62
804:.
784:.
774:40
772:.
755:.
745:39
743:.
716::
714:}}
710:{{
586:.
494:).
458:,
395:.
319:,
300:.
265:(H
235:,
211::
207:;
203::
58:,
54:,
1234:.
1205:.
1193::
1185::
1156:4
1123:.
1095:.
1081::
1054:.
1032::
1009:.
995::
968:.
956::
948::
907:.
882:.
868::
862:8
824:.
812::
792:.
780::
763:.
751::
727:)
706:.
520:.
294:2
267:2
199:(
76:)
47:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
