332:
352:
296:
515:
368:
33:
1953:; some serial ports allow many arbitrary rates to be selected, but the speeds on both sides of the connection must match for data to be received correctly. Bit rates commonly supported include 75, 110, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 and 115200 bit/s. Many of these standard modem baud rates are multiples of either 1.2 kbps (e.g., 19200, 38400, 76800) or 0.9 kbps (e.g., 57600, 115200).
316:
485:
180:
2852:
351:
2132:
is done with extra signals, often the RS-232 RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR signal circuits. RTS and CTS are used to control data flow, signaling, for instance, when a buffer is almost full. Per the RS-232 standard and its successors, DTR and DSR are used to signal that equipment is present and powered up so are
2102:
The data/parity/stop (D/P/S) conventional notation specifies the framing of a serial connection. The most common usage on microcomputers is 8/N/1 (8N1). This specifies 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit. In this notation, the parity bit is not included in the data bits. 7/E/1 (7E1) means that an even
2019:
is a method of detecting errors in transmission. When parity is used with a serial port, an extra data bit is sent with each data character, arranged so that the number of 1 bits in each character, including the parity bit, is always odd or always even. If a byte is received with the wrong number of
2001:
printing terminal. The order of bits is not usually configurable within the serial port interface but is defined by the host system. To communicate with systems that require a different bit ordering than the local default, local software can re-order the bits within each byte just before sending and
446:
The only connector specified in the original RS-232 standard was the 25-pin D-subminiature, however, many other connectors have been used to save money or save on physical space, among other reasons. In particular, since many devices do not use all of the 20 signals that are defined by the standard,
2167:
The advantage of software handshaking is that it can be done with absent or incompatible hardware handshaking circuits and cabling. The disadvantage, common to all in-band control signaling, is that it introduces complexities in ensuring that control messages get through even when data messages are
433:
Connectors mounted on DTE are likely to be male, and those mounted on DCE are likely to be female (with the cable connectors being the opposite). However, this is far from universal; for instance, most serial printers have a female DB25 connector, but they are DTEs. In this circumstance, the
331:
2069:
Odd parity is more useful than even parity since it ensures that at least one state transition occurs in each character, which makes it more reliable at detecting errors like those that could be caused by serial port speed mismatches. The most common parity setting, however, is
2152:
state. When the receiver's buffers approach capacity, the receiver sends the XOFF character to tell the sender to stop sending data. Later, after the receiver has emptied its buffers, it sends an XON character to tell the sender to resume transmission. It is an example of
1919:
Serial standards provide for many different operating speeds as well as adjustments to the protocol to account for different operating conditions. The most well-known options are speed, number of data bits per character, parity, and number of stop bits per character.
140:(PCs) have largely replaced serial ports with higher-speed standards, primarily USB. However, serial ports are still frequently used in applications demanding simple, low-speed interfaces, such as industrial automation systems, scientific instruments,
1268:
This list includes some of the more common devices that are connected to the serial port on a PC. Some of these such as modems and serial mice are falling into disuse while others are readily available. Serial ports are very common on most types of
399:(DCE). A line that is an output on a DTE device is an input on a DCE device and vice versa, so a DCE device can be connected to a DTE device with a straight wired cable, in which each pin on one end goes to the same numbered pin on the other end.
2020:
1s, then it must have been corrupted. Correct parity does not necessarily indicate absence of corruption as a corrupted transmission with an even number of errors will pass the parity check. A single parity bit does not allow implementation of
1441:
training software used a code key connected to the serial port to simulate actual code use; the status bits of the serial port could be sampled very rapidly and at predictable times, making it possible for the software to decipher Morse code.
2147:
to control the flow of data. The XON and XOFF characters are sent by the receiver to the sender to control when the sender will send data, that is, these characters go in the opposite direction to the data being sent. The system starts in the
1965:
for musical instrument control, use serial data rates other than the teleprinter standards. Some serial port implementations can automatically choose a bit rate by observing what a connected device is sending and synchronizing to it.
2089:
Stop bits sent at the end of every character allow the receiving signal hardware to detect the end of a character and to resynchronize with the character stream. Electronic devices usually use one stop bit. If slow electromechanical
2187:
is employed, an overrun receiver might simply fail to receive data from the transmitter. Approaches for preventing this include reducing the speed of the connection so that the receiver can always keep up, increasing the size of
1957:
with a frequency of 1.843200 MHz are sold specifically for this purpose. This is 16 times the fastest bit rate, and the serial port circuit can easily divide this down to lower frequencies as required.
386:
The individual signals on a serial port are unidirectional and when connecting two devices, the outputs of one device must be connected to the inputs of the other. Devices are divided into two categories:
2066:
Aside from uncommon applications that use the last bit (usually the 9th) for some form of addressing or special signaling, mark or space parity is uncommon, as it adds no error detection information.
1923:
In modern serial ports using a UART integrated circuit, all these settings can be software-controlled. Hardware from the 1980s and earlier may require setting switches or jumpers on a circuit board.
430:
connectors, the male connectors have protruding pins, and female connectors have corresponding round sockets. Either type of connector can be mounted on equipment or a panel; or terminate a cable.
357:
A converter from USB to an RS-232 compatible serial port—more than a physical transition, it requires a driver in the host system software and a built-in processor to emulate the functions of the
1433:, some applications used the control lines of a serial port to monitor external devices, without exchanging serial data. A common commercial application of this principle was for some models of
278:, which would have multiple small-scale integrated circuits to implement shift registers, logic gates, counters, and all the other logic needed. As PCs evolved serial ports were included in the
2168:
blocked, and data can never be mistaken for control signals. The former is normally dealt with by the operating system or device driver; the latter normally by ensuring that control codes are
2646:
1186:
on pin 1, which is intended to be connected by each device to its own frame ground or similar. Connecting
Protective Ground to Signal Ground is a common practice but not recommended.
1961:
The capability to set a bit rate does not imply that a working connection will result. Not all bit rates are possible with all serial ports. Some special-purpose protocols such as
2718:
2889:
244:
form, implementing the timing and framing of data specified by the serial protocol in hardware. The IBM PC implements its serial ports, when present, with one or more UARTs.
2114:
is used in circumstances where a transmitter might be able to send data faster than the receiver is able to process it. To cope with this, serial lines often incorporate a
3415:
2028:
working over serial data links will typically have higher-level mechanisms to ensure data validity and request retransmission of data that has been incorrectly received.
1986:), or 9 (rarely used). 8 data bits are almost universally used in newer applications. 5 or 7 bits generally only make sense with older equipment such as teleprinters.
2293:
2318:
2160:
The advantage of hardware handshaking is that it can be extremely fast, it works independently of imposed meaning such as ASCII on the transferred data and it is
295:
1942:. The total speed includes bits for framing (stop bits, parity, etc.) and so the effective data rate is lower than the bit transmission rate. For example, with
2469:
1197:
Operating systems usually create symbolic names for the serial ports of a computer, rather than requiring programs to refer to them by hardware address.
2743:
2678:
2164:. Its disadvantage is that it requires more hardware and cabling, and both ends of the connection must support the hardware handshaking protocol used.
2882:
2783:
162:) commonly use serial console ports for configuration, diagnostics, and emergency maintenance access. To interface with these and other devices,
2837:
447:
connectors with fewer pins are often used. While specific examples follow, countless other connectors have been used for RS-232 connections.
2654:
3420:
458:, where the 9-pin connector allowed a serial and parallel port to fit on the same card. This connector has been standardized for RS-232 as
2875:
2711:
610:
423:
395:
37:
1182:
for the other connections; it appears on two pins in the Yost standard but is the same signal. The DB-25 connector includes a second
219:
263:
technique. These early home computers often had proprietary serial ports with pinouts and voltage levels incompatible with RS-232.
1388:
2133:
usually asserted at all times. However, non-standard implementations exist, for example, printers that use DTR as flow control.
1221:
represents a string identifying the specific port; the syntax of that string depends on the operating system and the device. On
315:
3451:
1946:
character framing, only 80% of the bits are available for data; for every eight bits of data, two more framing bits are sent.
306:
201:
2489:
2325:
406:
are DCE. If it is necessary to connect two DTE (or DCE) devices together, a cable with reversed TX and RX lines, known as a
2297:
3410:
2197:
79:
2081:, electromechanical teleprinters were arranged to print a special character when received data contained a parity error.
3441:
3278:
3249:
1434:
1371:
197:
2390:
3075:
3017:
2272:
1926:
The configuration for serial ports designed to be connected to a PC has become a de facto standard, usually stated as
568:
to the more standard 9-pin DE-9 connector (and frequently mounted on a free slot plate or other part of the housing).
481:, usually the smaller 2.5 or 3.5 mm connectors and the most basic 3-wire interface—transmit, receive and ground.
2517:
3254:
2209:
1938:
Serial ports use two-level (binary) signaling, so the data rate in bits per second is equal to the symbol rate in
190:
3068:
3446:
3385:
3298:
3271:
3242:
3005:
2161:
1437:
which used the control lines to signal loss of power, low battery, and other status information. At least some
1257:
455:
367:
3328:
3323:
3211:
3184:
2750:
2690:
605:
478:
389:
267:
163:
2856:
2025:
1179:
75:
3456:
3218:
2775:
2115:
1990:
634:
63:
542:. The Macintosh included a standard set of two ports for connection to a printer and a modem, but some
3206:
2192:
so it can keep up averaged over a longer time, using delays after time-consuming operations (e.g. in
1994:
1842:
1297:
673:
60:
454:
connector has been used by most IBM-compatible PCs since the Serial/Parallel
Adapter option for the
3080:
2111:
1396:
466:
241:
151:
2805:
1954:
1346:
1289:
667:
653:
539:
496:
233:
155:
147:
110:
1445:
Serial computer mice may draw their operating power from the received data or control signals.
3228:
3092:
2990:
2902:
2833:
2154:
2103:
parity bit is added to the 7 data bits for a total of 8 bits between the start and stop bits.
1401:
137:
118:
87:
48:
2621:
3063:
2954:
2226:
2217: – A mechanism that allows the serial port of a managed system to be redirected over IP
2177:
2021:
1848:
1410:
1320:
1285:
514:
3223:
3201:
3164:
3112:
2932:
2927:
2919:
2214:
2173:
2169:
2056:
parity means that the parity bit is always set to the mark signal condition (1 bit value).
1340:
1270:
407:
2571:
2366:
3288:
3189:
2959:
2942:
1546:
1500:
1430:
1366:
1293:
1189:
Note that EIA/TIA 561 combines DSR and RI, and the Yost standard combines DSR and DCD.
500:
451:
435:
427:
338:
159:
40:
2830:
Serial Port
Complete: COM Ports, USB Virtual COM Ports, and Ports for Embedded Systems
2196:) or employing a mechanism to resend data which has not been received correctly (e.g.
1241:
and various types of virtual serial ports do not necessarily have names starting with
3435:
3390:
3360:
3176:
3102:
3055:
3000:
2995:
2947:
2248:
1324:
1301:
508:
474:
470:
342:
248:
141:
71:
1949:
A standard series of rates is based on multiples of the rates for electromechanical
3266:
3154:
3137:
3132:
2910:
565:
527:
275:
256:
32:
2556:
426:, only allowing connectors to mate with a connector of the opposite gender. With
3333:
3236:
3196:
3159:
3127:
2969:
2596:
2220:
2189:
2091:
1975:
1950:
1349:
to control screen functions by external computer, other AV components or remotes
484:
322:
260:
179:
17:
2062:
parity always sends the parity bit in the space signal condition (0 bit value).
3380:
3097:
3027:
3022:
3012:
2779:
2078:
2011:
1880:
1868:
1825:
1813:
1805:
1746:
1665:
1588:
1550:
1438:
1353:
1230:
596:
561:
519:
411:
91:
2493:
3375:
3370:
3354:
3283:
3122:
2974:
2937:
2867:
2806:"SX1272/73 - 860 MHz to 1020 MHz Low Power Long Range Transceiver Datasheet"
2686:
2650:
2441:
2342:
1864:
1584:
1414:
1378:
1310:
1200:
576:
The following table lists commonly used RS-232 signals and pin assignments:
543:
535:
279:
271:
150:
computers may use a serial port as a control console for diagnostics, while
1273:, where they can be used to communicate with a PC or other serial devices.
402:
Conventionally, computers and terminals are DTE, while peripherals such as
2851:
2414:
1343:, low-speed satellite modems and other satellite based transceiver devices
3313:
2964:
2899:
2521:
2144:
1998:
1580:
1516:
1459:
1405:
1360:
1213:
564:
common on motherboards and add-in cards which is usually converted via a
345:
that breaks the card's DC-37 connector into four standard DE-9 connectors
102:
98:
3147:
3085:
3039:
2862:
2812:
2542:
2193:
2157:, where control information is sent over the same channel as its data.
1989:
Most serial communications designs send the data bits within each byte
1876:
1821:
1809:
1771:
1767:
1682:
1635:
1618:
1467:
1253:
627:
459:
283:
204: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2050:
means that the parity bit is set so that the number of 1 bits is even.
3261:
3034:
2044:
means that the parity bit is set so that the number of 1 bits is odd.
2031:
The parity bit in each character can be set to one of the following:
1897:
1788:
1699:
645:
549:
523:
358:
302:
130:
126:
122:
44:
2471:
Intel Server Board S5000PAL/S5000XAL Technical
Product Specification
240:
to implement a serial port. This IC converts characters to and from
82:, data has been transferred through serial ports to devices such as
2038:
means that no parity bit is sent and the transmission is shortened.
1217:, a device commonly attached to early computers' serial ports, and
2140:
1979:
1943:
1927:
1279:
1222:
615:
513:
483:
403:
83:
31:
1982:), 8 (for most kinds of data, as this size matches the size of a
1429:
Since the control signals for a serial port can be driven by any
3338:
3232:
2832:; 2nd Edition; Jan Axelson; Lakeview Research; 380 pages; 2007;
2776:"Courier 56K Business Modem: User Guide: Controlling Data Rates"
1983:
1962:
1939:
1872:
1845:
1817:
1750:
1716:
1226:
639:
621:
504:
492:
237:
2871:
2223: – Device that motivated serial port development
66:
through which information transfers in or out sequentially one
3318:
3142:
1334:
1330:
1306:
1249:
252:
173:
106:
67:
2094:
are used, one-and-one half or two stop bits may be required.
27:
Communication interface transmitting information sequentially
2074:, with error detection handled by a communication protocol.
270:(LSI) made UARTs common, serial ports were commonly used in
2436:
2434:
2210:
List of
Bluetooth profiles § Serial Port Profile (SPP)
499:
standard defines a pinout using this connector, while the
538:
favor the related RS-422 standard, mostly using circular
166:
can quickly and easily add a serial port to a modern PC.
1974:
The number of data bits in each character can be 5 (for
1203:
operating systems usually label the serial port devices
2749:. Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. January 2019. Archived from
507:
computers and network devices, such as equipment from
2622:"AN519 Implementing a Simple Serial Mouse Controller"
74:, which communicates multiple bits simultaneously in
434:
appropriately gendered connectors on the cable or a
305:
serial card with a 25-pin connector (obsolete 8-bit
3403:
3347:
3306:
3297:
3175:
3111:
3054:
2983:
2918:
2909:
488:
A Cisco rollover cable using the 8P8C Yost standard
144:systems and some industrial and consumer products.
2229: – A software representation of a serial port
546:laptops had only one combined port to save space.
1384:Software debuggers that run on a second computer
337:A four-port serial (RS-232) PCI Express ×1
1389:microprocessor development or evaluation boards
495:connectors are also used in many devices. The
3416:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
2883:
2597:"AN-681 PC Mouse Implementation Using COP800"
1352:Test and measuring equipment such as digital
8:
2673:
2671:
1211:is a common trademark-free abbreviation for
465:Some miniaturized electronics, particularly
3303:
2915:
2890:
2876:
2868:
2077:To allow detection of messages damaged by
1997:first; this was used, for example, by the
1993:first. Also possible, but rarely used, is
1452:
578:
247:Very low-cost systems, such as some early
51:computer along with the serial port symbol
2863:RS-232 and other serial port pinouts list
2391:"Cabling Guide for Console and AUX Ports"
552:connectors can be found on some devices.
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
2512:
2510:
2296:. Lantronix. 2006-03-29. Archived from
2239:
503:(or Yost standard) is commonly used on
291:
2249:"Serial Port Definition & Meaning"
1256:environments refer to serial ports as
422:Generally, serial port connectors are
2724:from the original on January 10, 2020
1900:, stage lighting and effects network
477:equipment, have serial ports using a
438:can be used to correct the mismatch.
7:
3421:List of pioneers in computer science
2518:"Yost Serial Device Wiring Standard"
1264:Common applications for serial ports
202:adding citations to reliable sources
70:at a time. This is in contrast to a
2786:from the original on August 4, 2017
2319:"IBM PC AT Serial/Parallel Adapter"
2176:) or omitted by design (such as in
396:data circuit-terminating equipment
325: ×1 card with one serial port
94:, and directly between computers.
25:
2557:"RS-232D EIA/TIA-561 RJ45 Pinout"
2451:. National Instruments. July 2013
1387:Console or debugger interface to
2850:
2627:. Microchip Technology Inc. 1997
2343:"TI-73...92+/V200 TI Link Guide"
2294:"RS232 - DTE and DCE connectors"
1978:), 6 (rarely used), 7 (for true
1284:Configuration and management of
1233:hardware serial ports are named
366:
361:compatible serial port hardware.
350:
330:
314:
294:
178:
2273:"Serial Cable Connection Guide"
2247:Beal, Vangie (September 1996).
1374:management and status reporting
189:needs additional citations for
125:or a related standard, such as
2712:"BACnet MS/TP Overview Manual"
2442:"Serial Quick Reference Guide"
555:Another common connector is a
1:
3411:History of computing hardware
1812:compression, low cost serial
80:history of personal computers
3279:Network interface controller
2689:. 2018-12-04. Archived from
2653:. 2018-04-22. Archived from
1470:predefined serial port speed
1435:uninterruptible power supply
1372:Uninterruptible power supply
255:to send the data through an
3076:Refreshable braille display
3018:Refreshable braille display
2647:"SERIAL_COMMPROP structure"
1363:on various consumer devices
109:also send data as a serial
3473:
2009:
1454:Common serial port speeds
587:
2139:is done for example with
1260:ports: COM1, COM2,..etc.
1237:, USB adapters appear as
1135:
1088:
909:
862:
644:
638:
633:
619:
614:
609:
604:
601:
595:
592:
584:
581:
97:While interfaces such as
78:. Throughout most of the
2602:. National Semiconductor
251:, would instead use the
164:USB-to-serial converters
3185:Central processing unit
2543:"Hardware Book RS-232D"
2026:communication protocols
2024:on each character, and
390:data terminal equipment
268:large-scale integration
3452:Out-of-band management
2572:"What Is a Com1 Port?"
2570:Stephen Byron Cooper.
2002:just after receiving.
1393:Industrial field buses
531:
489:
232:Modern devices use an
52:
43:connector used for an
2178:ANSI terminal control
2126:handshaking methods.
2098:Conventional notation
1991:least significant bit
1309:receivers (typically
517:
487:
282:chip and then in the
35:
2859:at Wikimedia Commons
2595:Chan, Alvin (1990).
2137:Software handshaking
2130:Hardware handshaking
1995:most significant bit
1843:Basic Rate Interface
1473:Common applications
1356:and weighing systems
1193:Hardware abstraction
674:National Instruments
522:connectors used for
467:graphing calculators
414:cable must be used.
198:improve this article
61:serial communication
3442:Computer connectors
2415:"Classic Mac Ports"
2367:"Technical Section"
2275:. CISCO. 2006-08-01
2143:control characters
1955:Crystal oscillators
1455:
1347:Flat-panel displays
836:Data Carrier Detect
786:Data Terminal Ready
540:mini-DIN connectors
373:UART to USB adapter
242:asynchronous serial
152:networking hardware
2683:Windows Dev Center
2118:method. There are
1867:, high end serial
1453:
1288:equipment such as
532:
526:serial ports on a
490:
234:integrated circuit
138:personal computers
53:
47:serial port on an
3429:
3428:
3399:
3398:
3329:Analog audio jack
3050:
3049:
2855:Media related to
2838:978-1-931-44806-2
2155:in-band signaling
1917:
1916:
1464:Time per bit (μs)
1402:Computer terminal
1321:Bar code scanners
1184:Protective Ground
1173:
1172:
1127:Protective Ground
230:
229:
222:
49:IBM PC compatible
16:(Redirected from
3464:
3304:
2955:Optical trackpad
2920:Pointing devices
2916:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2869:
2854:
2817:
2816:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2756:on March 3, 2019
2755:
2748:
2744:"MultiModem ZBA"
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2520:. Archived from
2514:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2492:. Archived from
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2324:. Archived from
2323:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2244:
2227:Virtual COM port
2172:(such as in the
2022:error correction
1849:terminal adapter
1460:Bit rate (bit/s)
1456:
1420:
1417:using RS-422 at
1341:Satellite phones
1316:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1220:
1206:
686:Transmitted Data
631:
624:
579:
560:
559:
370:
354:
334:
318:
298:
225:
218:
214:
211:
205:
182:
174:
136:Modern consumer
117:usually denotes
21:
18:Serial interface
3472:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3447:Legacy hardware
3432:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3395:
3343:
3293:
3171:
3165:USB flash drive
3114:
3107:
3046:
2979:
2933:Game controller
2928:Graphics tablet
2905:
2896:
2847:
2826:
2824:Further reading
2821:
2820:
2815:. January 2019.
2808:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2696:
2694:
2679:"DCB Structure"
2677:
2676:
2669:
2660:
2658:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2497:
2490:"Serial (PC 9)"
2488:Ögren, Joakim.
2487:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2328:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2215:Serial over LAN
2206:
2174:Kermit protocol
2150:sending allowed
2109:
2100:
2087:
2014:
2008:
1972:
1936:
1791:MS/TP networks
1451:
1427:
1418:
1377:Stenography or
1367:CNC controllers
1314:
1271:microcontroller
1266:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1218:
1204:
1195:
980:Request To Send
670:(ALTPIN option)
625:
620:
574:
557:
556:
534:Many models of
518:Pair of female
479:phone connector
444:
420:
410:, roll-over or
384:
379:
378:
377:
374:
371:
362:
355:
346:
335:
326:
319:
310:
299:
259:pin, using the
226:
215:
209:
206:
195:
183:
172:
121:compliant with
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3470:
3468:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3289:Expansion card
3286:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3190:Microprocessor
3181:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3060:
3058:
3056:Output devices
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3008:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Pointing stick
2957:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2846:
2845:External links
2843:
2842:
2841:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2797:
2767:
2735:
2703:
2667:
2638:
2613:
2587:
2562:
2548:
2534:
2506:
2480:
2461:
2430:
2419:WhiteFiles.org
2406:
2382:
2358:
2334:
2331:on 2020-02-24.
2310:
2285:
2264:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2185:no handshaking
2108:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2086:
2083:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2010:Main article:
2007:
2004:
1971:
1968:
1935:
1932:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1840:
1837:
1834:
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1803:
1800:
1797:
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1792:
1786:
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1775:
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1754:
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1720:
1714:
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1703:
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1663:
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1630:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1547:Bell 103 modem
1544:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:Bell 101 modem
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1450:
1447:
1431:digital signal
1426:
1425:
1422:
1408:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1328:
1318:
1304:
1302:load balancers
1282:
1275:
1265:
1262:
1194:
1191:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
977:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
933:Ring Indicator
930:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
886:Data Set Ready
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
833:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
783:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
733:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
676:
671:
665:
662:
659:
656:
650:
649:
643:
637:
632:
618:
613:
608:
603:
600:
594:
590:
589:
588:Connector pin
586:
583:
573:
570:
501:rollover cable
469:and hand-held
443:
440:
436:gender changer
428:D-subminiature
419:
416:
383:
380:
376:
375:
372:
365:
363:
356:
349:
347:
339:expansion card
336:
329:
327:
320:
313:
311:
300:
293:
290:
289:
288:
249:home computers
228:
227:
186:
184:
177:
171:
168:
41:D-subminiature
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3469:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Parallel port
3359:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3177:Computer case
3174:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3103:Graphics card
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:Graphics card
2999:
2997:
2996:Image scanner
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:Input devices
2908:
2904:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2790:September 26,
2785:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2760:September 26,
2752:
2745:
2739:
2736:
2728:September 26,
2720:
2717:. Neptronic.
2713:
2707:
2704:
2693:on 2019-09-28
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2657:on 2019-09-28
2656:
2652:
2648:
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2639:
2623:
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2614:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2524:on 2020-06-17
2523:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2496:on 2010-08-11
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2477:. p. 38.
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2359:
2348:
2347:merthsoft.com
2344:
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2335:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2300:on 2015-12-14
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2117:
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2032:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1952:
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1945:
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1432:
1423:
1416:
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1409:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:text displays
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:point of sale
1322:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:common return
1177:
1176:Signal Ground
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1080:Signal Ground
1079:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1030:Clear To Send
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
978:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
834:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
736:Received Data
735:
734:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:
680:
677:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
647:
641:
636:
629:
623:
617:
612:
607:
598:
591:
580:
577:
571:
569:
567:
563:
553:
551:
547:
545:
541:
537:
529:
525:
521:
516:
512:
510:
509:Cisco Systems
506:
502:
498:
494:
486:
482:
480:
476:
475:two-way radio
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
448:
441:
439:
437:
431:
429:
425:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
397:
392:
391:
381:
369:
364:
360:
353:
348:
344:
343:octopus cable
340:
333:
328:
324:
317:
312:
308:
304:
297:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
276:minicomputers
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
224:
221:
213:
210:November 2021
203:
199:
193:
192:
187:This section
185:
181:
176:
175:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
143:
142:point of sale
139:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
72:parallel port
69:
65:
62:
58:
50:
46:
42:
39:
34:
30:
19:
3457:Serial buses
3365:
3267:Power MOSFET
3250:Power supply
3219:Data storage
3155:Flash memory
3133:Optical disc
3115:data storage
2829:
2800:
2788:. Retrieved
2770:
2758:. Retrieved
2751:the original
2738:
2726:. Retrieved
2706:
2695:. Retrieved
2691:the original
2682:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2590:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:
2565:
2551:
2537:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2498:. Retrieved
2494:the original
2483:
2470:
2464:
2453:. Retrieved
2448:
2422:. Retrieved
2418:
2409:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:
2385:
2374:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2350:. Retrieved
2346:
2337:
2326:the original
2313:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:the original
2288:
2277:. Retrieved
2267:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:
2242:
2184:
2182:
2166:
2159:
2149:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2112:Flow control
2110:
2107:Flow control
2101:
2092:teleprinters
2088:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2016:
2015:
1988:
1973:
1960:
1951:teleprinters
1948:
1937:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1883:compression
1828:compression
1774:compression
1444:
1428:
1424:Serial mouse
1419:230.4 kbit/s
1267:
1247:
1239:/dev/ttyUSB*
1212:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1175:
1174:
602:Abbreviation
575:
566:ribbon cable
554:
548:
533:
528:Macintosh LC
491:
464:
449:
445:
432:
421:
401:
394:
388:
385:
265:
246:
231:
216:
207:
196:Please help
191:verification
188:
146:
135:
114:
96:
56:
54:
29:
3366:Serial port
3357:(IEEE 1394)
3334:DisplayPort
3324:Thunderbolt
3197:Motherboard
3160:Memory card
3128:Floppy disk
2970:Touchscreen
2857:Serial port
2221:Teleprinter
2116:handshaking
1976:Baudot code
1875:modem with
1820:modem with
1808:modem with
1770:modem with
1413:(Macintosh
1354:multimeters
1315:4,800 bit/s
654:EIA/TIA-561
497:EIA/TIA-561
382:DTE and DCE
323:PCI Express
261:bit banging
115:serial port
113:, the term
92:peripherals
57:serial port
3436:Categories
3113:Removable
3098:Sound card
3028:Sound chip
3023:Sound card
3013:Microphone
2903:components
2780:USRobotics
2697:2019-09-28
2661:2019-09-28
2581:2021-09-30
2528:2020-05-10
2500:2010-07-07
2455:2021-06-18
2424:2020-08-14
2400:2020-08-14
2376:2020-08-14
2371:Miklor.com
2352:2020-08-14
2304:2016-01-31
2279:2016-01-31
2258:2021-03-08
2234:References
2079:line noise
2012:Parity bit
1928:9600/8-N-1
1439:Morse code
1411:Networking
1323:and other
1286:networking
1235:/dev/ttyS*
1231:16550 UART
661:Yost (DCE)
658:Yost (DTE)
562:pin header
520:Mini DIN-8
450:The 9-pin
442:Connectors
412:null modem
408:cross-over
393:(DTE) and
272:mainframes
90:, various
3376:PS/2 port
3371:Game port
3284:Fax modem
3123:Disk pack
2975:Trackball
2938:Light pen
2687:Microsoft
2651:Microsoft
2576:Techwalla
2253:Webopedia
2162:stateless
2085:Stop bits
2060:Space (S)
1970:Data bits
1865:LocalTalk
1585:Bell 212A
1519:terminal
1415:AppleTalk
1379:Stenotype
1359:Updating
1311:NMEA 0183
1298:firewalls
1205:/dev/tty*
1201:Unix-like
648:("RJ50")
585:Direction
544:PowerBook
536:Macintosh
280:Super I/O
236:called a
154:(such as
88:terminals
64:interface
3355:FireWire
3348:Obsolete
3314:Ethernet
3093:Speakers
2991:Keyboard
2965:Touchpad
2900:computer
2784:Archived
2782:. 2007.
2719:Archived
2204:See also
2145:XON/XOFF
2124:software
2120:hardware
2054:Mark (M)
2048:Even (E)
2036:None (N)
1999:IBM 2741
1581:Bell 202
1517:IBM 2741
1449:Settings
1406:teletype
1397:Printers
1381:machines
1361:firmware
1294:switches
1278:Dial-up
1214:teletype
678:Cyclades
664:Cyclades
642:("RJ45")
530:computer
424:gendered
341:with an
170:Hardware
160:switches
119:hardware
103:FireWire
99:Ethernet
76:parallel
3404:Related
3307:Current
3148:Blu-ray
3086:Plotter
3081:Printer
3064:Monitor
3040:Softcam
2948:Optical
2813:Semtech
2631:29 July
2606:29 July
2194:termcap
2190:buffers
2170:escaped
2042:Odd (O)
1905:256,000
1888:250,000
1877:V.42bis
1855:230,400
1833:128,000
1822:V.42bis
1810:V.42bis
1796:115,200
1772:V.42bis
1768:V.32bis
1702:serial
1683:V.32bis
1636:V.27ter
1619:V.22bis
1481:13333.3
1468:Windows
1327:devices
1290:routers
1254:Windows
628:TIA-574
599:circuit
572:Pinouts
471:amateur
460:TIA-574
284:chipset
266:Before
156:routers
3262:MOSFET
3202:Memory
3069:Screen
3035:Webcam
2898:Basic
2836:
2449:NI.com
2017:Parity
2006:Parity
1898:DMX512
1789:BACnet
1779:76,800
1758:57,600
1753:modem
1737:56,000
1724:38,400
1707:31,250
1700:Modbus
1690:19,200
1685:modem
1673:14,400
1668:modem
1638:modem
1621:modem
1591:modem
1561:1666.7
1553:modem
1540:3333.3
1527:6666.6
1510:7434.9
1494:9090.9
1280:modems
1136:Common
1089:Common
646:10P10C
582:Signal
558:10 × 2
550:10P10C
524:RS-422
418:Gender
404:modems
359:IBM XT
303:IBM PC
257:output
148:Server
131:RS-422
127:RS-485
123:RS-232
111:stream
105:, and
84:modems
45:RS-232
3381:eSATA
3299:Ports
2984:Other
2943:Mouse
2809:(PDF)
2754:(PDF)
2747:(PDF)
2722:(PDF)
2715:(PDF)
2625:(PDF)
2600:(PDF)
2475:(PDF)
2445:(PDF)
2395:Cisco
2329:(PDF)
2322:(PDF)
2141:ASCII
1980:ASCII
1944:8-N-1
1934:Speed
1719:port
1659:104.2
1656:9,600
1646:138.9
1643:7,200
1629:208.3
1626:4,800
1612:416.7
1609:2,400
1599:555.6
1596:1,800
1587:, or
1574:833.3
1571:1,200
1507:134.5
1223:Linux
1178:is a
789:108/2
681:Digi
616:DB-25
456:PC-AT
309:card)
59:is a
3339:HDMI
3255:SMPS
3243:SSHD
3237:NVMe
3233:SATA
3212:BIOS
2834:ISBN
2792:2019
2762:2019
2730:2019
2633:2023
2608:2023
2122:and
2072:none
1984:byte
1963:MIDI
1940:baud
1908:3.91
1881:V.44
1873:V.92
1869:V.90
1858:4.34
1846:ISDN
1836:7.81
1826:V.44
1818:V.92
1814:V.90
1806:V.34
1799:8.68
1782:13.0
1761:17.4
1751:V.92
1747:V.90
1740:17.9
1727:26.0
1717:MIDI
1693:52.1
1676:69.4
1666:V.32
1589:V.22
1551:V.21
1333:and
1252:and
1248:The
1227:8250
1107:4, 5
1104:4, 5
1098:3, 4
1036:CTS
986:RTS
892:DSR
842:DCD
792:DTR
742:RxD
692:TxD
668:Digi
640:8P8C
622:DE-9
597:V.24
593:Name
505:Unix
493:8P8C
473:and
452:DE-9
274:and
238:UART
158:and
38:male
3391:VGA
3386:DVI
3319:USB
3272:VRM
3229:SSD
3224:HDD
3207:RAM
3143:DVD
3006:GPU
2200:).
2198:TCP
2183:If
2180:).
1911:Yes
1891:4.0
1879:or
1839:Yes
1824:or
1802:Yes
1764:Yes
1743:Yes
1730:Yes
1696:Yes
1679:Yes
1662:Yes
1649:Yes
1632:Yes
1615:Yes
1602:Yes
1577:Yes
1564:Yes
1558:600
1549:or
1543:Yes
1537:300
1530:Yes
1524:150
1513:Yes
1497:Yes
1491:110
1484:Yes
1335:LCD
1331:LED
1313:at
1307:GPS
1258:COM
1250:DOS
1243:tty
1209:TTY
1133:PG
1130:101
1083:102
1042:Out
1033:106
989:Out
983:105
945:Out
939:RI
936:125
898:Out
889:107
881:10
848:Out
839:109
795:Out
748:Out
739:104
695:Out
689:103
635:MMJ
611:DCE
606:DTE
307:ISA
301:An
253:CPU
200:by
129:or
107:USB
68:bit
3438::
3235:/
3138:CD
2811:.
2778:.
2685:.
2681:.
2670:^
2649:.
2574:.
2509:^
2447:.
2433:^
2417:.
2393:.
2369:.
2345:.
2251:.
1930:.
1894:No
1861:No
1785:No
1713:No
1710:32
1583:,
1478:75
1404:,
1300:,
1296:,
1292:,
1245:.
1225:,
1207:.
1169:4
1122:7
1086:G
1075:8
1039:In
1025:3
992:In
975:1
972:10
948:22
942:In
928:2
895:In
875:10
845:In
831:9
801:20
798:In
781:6
745:In
731:5
698:In
511:.
462:.
321:A
286:.
133:.
101:,
86:,
55:A
36:A
3239:)
3231:(
2891:e
2884:t
2877:v
2840:.
2794:.
2764:.
2732:.
2700:.
2664:.
2635:.
2610:.
2584:.
2559:.
2545:.
2531:.
2503:.
2458:.
2427:.
2403:.
2379:.
2355:.
2307:.
2282:.
2261:.
1871:/
1816:/
1749:/
1421:)
1317:)
1229:/
1219:*
1166:1
1163:—
1160:3
1157:—
1154:—
1151:—
1148:—
1145:—
1142:—
1139:1
1119:5
1116:6
1113:6
1110:4
1101:4
1095:5
1092:7
1072:6
1069:3
1066:7
1063:5
1060:8
1057:1
1054:7
1051:—
1048:8
1045:5
1022:2
1019:4
1016:2
1013:1
1010:1
1007:8
1004:8
1001:—
998:7
995:4
969:2
966:—
963:—
960:—
957:—
954:—
951:9
925:9
922:5
919:—
916:8
913:—
910:1
907:6
904:6
901:6
878:8
872:1
869:7
866:7
863:2
860:2
857:—
854:1
851:8
828:3
825:7
822:8
819:2
816:2
813:7
810:3
807:1
804:4
778:7
775:9
772:5
769:6
766:6
763:3
760:5
757:5
754:2
751:3
728:4
725:8
722:4
719:3
716:3
713:6
710:6
707:2
704:3
701:2
630:)
626:(
223:)
217:(
212:)
208:(
194:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
