632:"). His brother Arsamene, with his buffoonish servant Elviro, enters, looking for Arsamene's sweetheart Romilda. They stop as they hear her singing from the summerhouse. Romilda is making gentle fun of Serse with her song. He is in love with a tree, but the tree does not return his affection. Serse does not know that his brother is in love with the singer, and entranced by her music, Serse announces that he wants her to be his. Arsamene is horrified when Serse orders him to tell Romilda of his love. Arsamene warns Romilda of what Serse wants â this encourages Atalanta, Romilda's sister, who is secretly in love with Arsamene also and hopes that Romilda will be Serse's and then she can have Arsamene.
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Amastre leaves in despair and rage and
Atalanta enters. Elviro tells her he has a letter for her sister and Atalanta takes it, promising to give it to Romilda. Instead she mischievously shows the letter to the King, telling him that Arsamene sent it to her and no longer loves Romilda. Serse takes the
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Serse encounters his heart-broken brother
Arsamene and tells him to cheer up, he can marry the woman he now loves, Atalanta, no problem. Arsamene is confused and insists he loves Romilda, not Atalanta. Hearing this, the King advises Atalanta to forget about Arsamene, but she says that is impossible.
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Elviro has disguised himself as a flower-seller in order to deliver his master
Arsamene's letter to Romilda, and is also putting on a rural accent. He does not approve of the King's desire to marry a mere subject such as Romilda and makes this clear. Princess Amastre, in her disguise as a man, hears
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Arsamene gives Elviro a letter for
Romilda, telling her how distressed he is at their forced separation and pledging to try to visit her in secret. Romilda's sister Atalanta, hoping to secure Arsamene for herself, tells Romilda that Arsamene is in love with another girl, but Romilda does not believe
738:
Serse once more asks
Ariodate if he is happy for his daughter Romilda to marry someone equal in rank to the King. Ariodate thinks Serse means Arsamene and happily gives his consent. Serse tells Romilda that her father has agreed to their marriage but Romilda, trying to put him off, tells him that
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that tis difficult to understand till it comes by frequent hearing to be well known. My own judgment is that it is a capital opera notwithstanding tis called a ballad one." It is likely that Handel had been influenced, both as regards the comedy and the absence of da capo arias, by the success in
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Serse takes his sword and orders
Arsamene to kill Romilda with it; but Amastre interrupts this and asks Serse if he truly wants treachery and infidelity to be punished. Serse says he does whereupon Amastre reveals her true identity as Serse's betrothed. Serse, abashed, admits his fault â he will
707:
Serse and
Arsamene are both suffering from jealousy and the tribulations of the love lorn. Serse again implores Romilda to marry him but she remains firm in her refusal. The violently furious Amastre appears and draws a sword on the King but Romilda intervenes. Amastre says Romilda should not be
757:
Serse enters, ready to marry
Romilda, and is enraged when he discovers that it is too late, Ariodate has married his daughter to Arsamene. Serse bitterly denounces Ariodate for that and is even more enraged when a letter arrives, apparently from Romilda, accusing him of faithlessness. When he
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in the title role. Because Handel operas were still in a relatively early stage of their return to the stage, musicians had not yet thought to ornament the da capo sections (repetition of the A section) of the arias and thus, they were not ornamented. A complete recording was made in 1979. A
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to task for violating decorum in this way, writing: "I have not been able to discover the author of the words of this drama: but it is one of the worst Handel ever set to Music: for besides feeble writing, there is a mixture of tragic-comedy and buffoonery in it, which
790:
are all based on historical persons. The story of Xerxes wanting to marry the love of his brother
Arsamenes is based upon a real story. In reality though, it was a wife of another brother Xerxes fell in love with but failed to marry himself. The collapsing of a
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Ariodate, general to Serse and father of
Romilda and Atalanta, enters with news of a great military victory he has won. Serse is grateful to him and promises that as a reward his daughter Romilda will marry a man equal in rank to the King himself.
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Princess Amastre has decided to kill herself but Elviro arrives in time to stop her. She resolves to confront the King with his ill-treatment of her. Elviro tells Amastre that Romilda now loves Serse: Amastre is devastated (Aria: "Anima infida").
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Arsamene and Romilda have been summoned to the temple and they come in, still quarreling, but they are amazed and overjoyed when Ariodate tells them that Serse has agreed to their wedding and he marries them then and there.
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143:. The first act was composed between 26 December 1737 and 9 January 1738, the second was ready by 25 January, the third by 6 February, and Handel put the finishing touches to the score on 14 February.
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Romilda and Arsamene are having a lovers' spat about that letter, but calm down when Atalanta appears and admits her deception. She has decided she will have to find another boyfriend somewhere else.
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Amastre asks Romilda to take a letter to the King, telling her that this will help her. Amastre bewails her plight, having been abandoned by Serse, who promised to be hers (Aria: "Cagion son io").
290:. The very features which 18th-century listeners found so disconcerting â the shortness of the arias and the admixture of comedy â may account for its appeal to the 20th and the 21st centuries.
735:
Serse again implores Romilda to marry him and she tells him to seek her father's permission, if he consents, she will. Arsamenes bitterly reproaches her for this (Aria: "Amor, tiranno Amor").
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marry Amastre as he promised, he wishes his brother Arsamene and Romilda happiness in their marriage, and all celebrate the fortunate outcome of events (Chorus: "Ritorna a noi la calma").
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The first production was a complete failure. The audience may have been confused by the innovative nature of the work. Unlike his other operas for London, Handel included comic (
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Serse tells Romilda that he wants her for his queen and when Arsamene remonstrates Serse banishes him. Romilda is determined to remain faithful to the man she loves, Arsamene.
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Sailors hail the completion of the bridge, constructed under Serse's orders, and Serse orders his general Ariodate to cross the bridge with his army and invade Europe.
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discovers that the letter is actually from his previous fiance Amastre, whom he jilted, his fury only increases (Aria: "Crude furie degl' orridi abissi").
211:, who attended the premiere and admired the opera. He noted "the airs too, for brevity's sake, as the opera would otherwise be too long fall without any
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Elviro expressing this and she is aghast at the King's plan to marry another when he promised to be hers (Aria: "Or che siete speranze tradite").
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Arsamene blames Romilda for the fact that he has been sentenced to death, and the lovers again quarrel (Duet: "Troppo oltraggi la mia fede").
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Princess Amastre now arrives, disguised as a man. She was engaged to Serse but he jilted her and she is furiously determined to be revenged.
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121:), is set to one of Handel's best-known melodies, and is often known as Handel's "Largo" (despite being marked "larghetto" in the score).
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was expected to be wholly serious, with no mixing of the genres of tragedy and comedy or high and low class characters. The musicologist
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172:. Although this had been typical for 17th-century Venetian works such as Cavalli's original setting of the libretto, by the 1730s an
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letter and shows it to Romilda, telling her Arsamene is now in love with Atalanta, not her. Romilda is shaken (Aria: "Ă gelosia").
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forced to marry a man she does not love, and Romilda praises those who are true to their hearts (Aria: "Chi cede al furore").
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was produced for the stage at the La Scala Theater in Milan, Italy in January 1962. The production was conducted by
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The King of Persia, Serse, gives effusive, loving thanks to the plane tree for furnishing him with shade (Arioso: "
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Arsamene loves her and in fact he has kissed her. Serse, furious, orders his brother to be put to death.
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Elviro watches as a violent storm threatens to destroy the new bridge. He calms his nerves with drink.
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disappeared from the stage for almost two hundred years. It enjoyed its first modern revival in
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was adapted by an unknown hand from that by Silvio Stampiglia (1664â1725) for an earlier
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By the newly-constructed bridge spanning the Hellespont and thus uniting Asia and Europe
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The libretto includes some motives that are based upon events that actually happened.
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139:, was premiered on 3 January 1738. By this time, Handel had already begun work on
1358:"Handel's Xerxes by the English National Opera: Astonishing comedy, glorious fun"
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269:. By 1926 this version had been staged at least 90 times in 15 German cities.
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in 1985, to mark the 300th anniversary of the composer's birth. Conducted by
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particularly highly acclaimed production, sung in English, was staged by the
2013:
1971:
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The second of the two-volume definitive reference on the operas of Handel.
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princess of a neighbouring kingdom, betrothed to Serse but jilted by him
1992:
1929:
1894:
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was first performed at the King's Theatre, Haymarket on 15 April 1738.
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1978:
1964:
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1831:
1824:
1735:
663:
Antonia Merighi, who created the role of Amastre, in a caricature by
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1775:
1430:"All the world's a stage: Xerxes as a comedy of backstage rivalry"
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245:
149:
78:
26:
65:. It was first performed in London on 15 April 1738. The Italian
349:
as Atalanta. The production returned for a sixth revival to the
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1657:
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A garden with a large plane tree and a summerhouse on the side
93:(modern-day Iran) about 470 BC and is very loosely based upon
54:
507:
a prince under Serse's command,father of Romilda and Atalanta
1546:"Classical recordings â Search: serse handel (page 1 of 44)"
1404:"Baroque pyrotechnics: Handel's Serse dazzles at Versailles"
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are real events during the reign of Xerxes, though they are
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361:
in 2011. Numerous performances around the world include the
195:
had banished from serious opera." Another unusual aspect of
284:
is Handel's most popular opera with modern audiences after
133:, commissioned Handel to write two new operas. The first,
104:, is now usually performed by a female mezzo-soprano or
3034:
1366:(London), 17 September 2014. Accessed 2 October 2014.
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and Xerxes returning from a catastrophic campaign in
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as Xerxes. Hytner's production was also performed by
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Agrippina condotta a morire or Dunque sarĂ pur vero
2390:
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2129:
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2058:
1709:
77:in 1694. Stampiglia's libretto was itself based on
1567:Best, Terence. Booklet notes to the recording by
624:Ălisabeth Duparc, who created the role of Romilda
333:, who also translated the libretto, and starred
1504:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
723:as Xerxes, Stockholm, Royal Swedish Opera, 2009
1669:
238:, the latter of which was visited by Handel.
8:
1302:, p. 166, calls Hagen's vocal score of
490:Romilda's sister, also in love with Arsamene
471:daughter of Ariodate, in love with Arsamene
448:Maria Antonia Marchesini ("La Lucchesina")
1676:
1662:
1654:
1452:
1450:
1649:International Music Score Library Project
385:Caffarelli, who created the role of Serse
1141:
815:
388:
3041:
1241:
1213:Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester
250:London King's Theatre Haymarket, where
207:. This feature particularly struck the
97:of Persia. Serse, originally sung by a
31:Title page of the libretto, London 1738
2202:L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato
1287:
1271:
1269:
610:
439:brother of Serse, in love with Romilda
276:s success has continued. According to
2138:Il trionfo del Tempo e del Disinganno
1594:(2014). "Musical London 1737â38", in
941:La Grande Ăcurie et la Chambre du Roy
391:Roles, voice types, and premiere cast
312:, Irene Companez, Leonardo Monreale,
154:George Frideric Handel, portrayed by
44:
7:
3009:
1299:
1260:
2876:Keyboard suite in D minor (HWV 437)
2142:Il trionfo del Tempo e della VeritĂ
1602:production revial). pp. 10â13.
115:", sung by Xerxes to a plane tree (
2367:Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne
14:
3072:Fiction set in the 5th century BC
2532:Funeral Anthem for Queen Caroline
1347:website, retrieved 2 October 2014
300:, and an all-star cast featuring
199:is the number of short, one-part
3077:Operas by George Frideric Handel
3044:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2997:
2553:Wedding anthem for Princess Anne
1760:
1327:
1275:
1248:
611:Problems playing this file? See
586:
3097:Cultural depictions of Xerxes I
265:on 5 July 1924 in a version by
85:(ca.1627â1698) that was set by
2974:Handel & Hendrix in London
1462:Handel & Hendrix in London
774:Xerxes crossing the Hellespont
1:
2647:Music for the Royal Fireworks
2146:The Triumph of Time and Truth
1586:. Cambridge University Press.
1341:"Seen and Heard Opera Review"
1147:discography, audio recordings
821:discography, audio recordings
405:Premiere cast, 15 April 1738
89:in 1654. The opera is set in
3107:Operas set in ancient Persia
2578:Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate
2462:Tra le fiamme (Il consiglio)
1717:Handel's lost Hamburg operas
1345:Seen and Heard International
703:Outside the city in a garden
353:in September 2014, starring
3102:Operas based on real people
1584:Opera and the Enlightenment
1582:". In Thomas Bauman (ed.).
1316:Opera and the Enlightenment
3123:
1619:Handel's Operas, 1726â1741
793:bridge over the Hellespont
215:intervening from one into
18:
16:1738 opera seria by Handel
2992:
2892:Handel Reference Database
2870:The Harmonious Blacksmith
2560:Foundling Hospital Anthem
2448:O lucenti, o sereni occhi
2381:Ode For St. Cecilia's Day
1691:
363:Royal Opera of Versailles
2907:Hallische HĂ€ndel-Ausgabe
2897:HĂ€ndel-Werke-Verzeichnis
2885:Catalogs and collections
1535:, Histories: IX, 108â110
1507:(2nd ed.). London:
1194:Tanja Ariane Baumgartner
1002:Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz
337:in the title role, with
3082:Italian-language operas
2406:Allor ch'io dissi addio
2360:Aci, Galatea e Polifemo
2265:Joseph and his Brethren
1129:CD: Deutsche Grammophon
891:Vienna Radio Orchestra
599:and aria, performed by
21:Xerxes (disambiguation)
2832:Concerti grossi, Op. 6
2827:Concerti grossi, Op. 3
2822:Organ concertos, Op. 7
2817:Organ concertos, Op. 4
2592:Queen Caroline Te Deum
2335:The Choice of Hercules
1685:George Frideric Handel
1600:English National Opera
775:
724:
667:
625:
575:
386:
323:English National Opera
255:
159:
131:King's Theatre, London
71:opera of the same name
63:George Frideric Handel
42:Italian pronunciation:
32:
2420:Clori, Tirsi e Fileno
1156:Cast: Serse, Romilda,
1111:Francesca Aspromonte,
982:Bayerische Staatsoper
899:Cat: 0289 477 8339 8
830:Cast: Serse, Romilda,
773:
749:The temple of the sun
719:
665:Antonio Maria Zanetti
662:
623:
574:
384:
329:, it was directed by
327:Sir Charles Mackerras
249:
236:The Dragon of Wantley
153:
30:
2954:Letters and writings
2427:Dalla guerra amorosa
2088:Va tacito e nascosto
2081:Svegliatevi nel core
1701:List of compositions
1598:, (programme of the
1509:Macmillan Publishers
1306:"a grinning parody".
1209:Constantinos Carydis
1031:Les Arts Florissants
1023:Giovanni Furlanetto
997:Anne Sofie von Otter
937:Jean-Claude Malgoire
671:A square in the city
367:Opernhaus DĂŒsseldorf
232:John Frederick Lampe
2949:British citizenship
2902:HĂ€ndel-Gesellschaft
2626:Oboe Concerto No. 2
2621:Oboe Concerto No. 1
2616:Oboe Concerto No. 3
2286:Occasional Oratorio
2067:Lascia ch'io pianga
1149:
1077:Early Opera Company
968:Christopher Robson,
896:Deutsche Grammophon
823:
500:("La Droghierina")
498:Margherita Chimenti
428:Gaetano Majorano ("
393:
359:San Francisco Opera
254:was first performed
242:Performance history
209:Earl of Shaftesbury
125:Composition history
118:Platanus orientalis
111:The opening aria, "
2479:Latin church music
2469:Un'alma innamorata
2434:Del bell'idolo mio
2413:Aure soavi e lieti
1578:(1995). "Handel's
1356:William Hartston,
1186:Elizabeth Sutphen,
1158:Arsamene, Amastre,
1142:
1121:Maxim Emelyanychev
1069:Brindley Sherratt
1012:Silvia Tro Santafé
832:Arsamene, Amastre,
816:
776:
766:Historical motives
725:
668:
639:Outside the palace
626:
576:
554:Time: about 470 BC
525:Arsamene's servant
517:Antonio Montagnana
483:("La Francesina")
389:
387:
343:Christopher Robson
256:
227:The Beggar's Opera
160:
75:Giovanni Bononcini
33:
3032:
3031:
2964:Handel at Cannons
2635:Orchestral suites
2585:Dettingen Te Deum
2518:As Pants the Hart
2374:Alexander's Feast
2021:Alessandro Severo
1958:Parnasso in festa
1621:, Boydell Press,
1518:978-1-56159-239-5
1402:Servidei, Laura.
1382:www.operanews.com
1228:
1227:
1160:Atalanta, Elviro,
1135:
1134:
1086:Cat: CHAN0797(3)
950:Cat: 88985397842
927:Anne-Marie Rodde,
913:Barbara Hendricks
908:Carolyn Watkinson
853:Maureen Forrester
834:Atalanta, Elviro,
591:
536:
535:
345:as Arsamene, and
339:Valerie Masterson
310:Fiorenza Cossotto
129:In late 1737 the
87:Francesco Cavalli
61:in three acts by
49:; English title:
3114:
3049:
3048:
3040:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2942:Related articles
2599:Chandos Jubilate
2525:Zadok the Priest
2352:Odes and masques
2293:Judas Maccabaeus
2098:Incidental music
1951:Arianna in Creta
1902:Lotario (Handel)
1797:Acis and Galatea
1790:Amadigi di Gaula
1764:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1647:: Scores at the
1631:
1603:
1592:Keates, Jonathan
1587:
1571:
1569:William Christie
1554:
1553:
1550:Presto Classical
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1479:
1473:
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1470:
1468:
1454:
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1442:
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1419:
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1416:
1414:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1373:
1367:
1354:
1348:
1339:Evan Dickerson,
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1222:Blu-ray: C Major
1203:Thomas Faulkner,
1150:
1148:
1073:Christian Curnyn
1040:Cat: 9029590062
1027:William Christie
976:Umberto Chiummo
970:Patricia Bardon,
824:
822:
812:Audio recordings
721:Katarina Karnéus
593:
592:
573:
532:Antonio Lottini
481:Ălisabeth Duparc
394:
392:
369:in 2019 and the
314:Franco Calabrese
275:
156:Balthasar Denner
48:
46:[ËsÉrse]
43:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3043:
3035:
3033:
3028:
2988:
2984:HĂ€ndel-Jahrbuch
2937:
2911:
2880:
2836:
2805:
2651:
2630:
2604:
2565:
2546:Chandos Anthems
2505:
2474:
2386:
2347:
2307:Alexander Balus
2243:Scratch Messiah
2195:Israel in Egypt
2160:Brockes Passion
2153:La resurrezione
2125:
2093:
2054:
1705:
1687:
1682:
1639:
1629:
1613:
1610:
1608:Further reading
1590:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1376:Rowe, Georgia.
1375:
1374:
1370:
1355:
1351:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1170:Stage director
1166:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1143:
1140:
1138:Video recording
1130:
1123:
1116:Andrea Mastroni
1114:
1113:Biagio Pizzuti,
1112:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1085:
1083:Chandos Records
1075:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1051:Rosemary Joshua
1049:
1039:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
987:
980:
975:
973:
972:Julie Kaufmann,
971:
969:
967:
962:
949:
939:
930:
928:
926:
921:
916:
911:
898:
890:
888:Brian Priestman
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
840:
835:
833:
831:
817:
814:
809:
768:
714:
657:
618:
617:
609:
607:
606:
605:
604:
594:
587:
584:
577:
571:
561:
541:
463:Antonia Merighi
390:
379:
351:London Coliseum
331:Nicholas Hytner
306:Rolando Panerai
273:
244:
127:
41:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3120:
3118:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2609:Oboe concertos
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2441:Apollo e Dafne
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2059:Opera excerpts
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1881:Riccardo Primo
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1769:Il pastor fido
1765:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1696:List of operas
1692:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1638:
1637:External links
1635:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1588:
1572:
1556:
1555:
1537:
1525:
1517:
1495:Sadie, Stanley
1483:Hicks, Anthony
1474:
1446:
1428:Rye, Matthew.
1420:
1394:
1368:
1349:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1292:
1280:
1265:
1263:, p. 135.
1253:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1218:Tilmann Köhler
1215:
1206:
1205:Brandon Cedel
1189:Lawrence Zazzo
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1154:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1118:
1107:Delphine Galou
1095:Franco Fagioli
1092:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1070:
1065:Joélle Harvey,
1061:Hilary Summers
1048:Anna Stéphany,
1046:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1024:
1021:Antonio Abete,
1007:Lawrence Zazzo
994:
990:
989:
984:
977:
956:
952:
951:
943:
934:
929:Ulrich Studer,
905:
901:
900:
892:
885:
883:Thomas Hemsley
878:Owen Brannigan
868:Mildred Miller
863:Maureen Lehane
850:
846:
845:
842:
837:
828:
813:
810:
808:
805:
767:
764:
713:
710:
656:
653:
608:
595:
585:
582:"Ombra mai fĂč"
580:
579:
578:
569:
568:
567:
560:
557:
556:
555:
552:
550:Persian Empire
540:
537:
534:
533:
530:
527:
520:
519:
514:
509:
502:
501:
495:
492:
485:
484:
478:
473:
466:
465:
460:
457:
450:
449:
446:
441:
434:
433:
426:
418:
416:King of Persia
407:
406:
403:
398:
378:
375:
347:Lesley Garrett
243:
240:
180:Charles Burney
168:) elements in
126:
123:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3119:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2539:Sing Unto God
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Dixit Dominus
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2455:Ero e Leandro
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2239:(Mozart arr.)
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2106:The Alchemist
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2035:Giove in Argo
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1839:Giulio Cesare
1836:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1811:Muzio Scevola
1808:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1499:Tyrrell, John
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1435:
1434:bachtrack.com
1431:
1424:
1421:
1409:
1408:bachtrack.com
1405:
1398:
1395:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1363:Daily Express
1359:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1330:, p. 18.
1329:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1290:, p. 10.
1289:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1251:, p. 14.
1250:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1182:Gaëlle Arquez
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1137:
1131:Cat: 4835784
1128:
1126:
1125:Il Pomo d'Oro
1122:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1103:
1102:Vivica Genaux
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:Andreas Wolf,
1062:
1057:
1056:David Daniels
1052:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:Erato Records
1034:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1018:
1017:Sandrine Piau
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
995:
992:
991:
988:Cat: B108010
985:
983:
978:
965:
960:
957:
954:
953:
948:
944:
942:
938:
935:
933:
924:
923:Ortrun Wenkel
919:
914:
909:
906:
903:
902:
897:
893:
889:
886:
884:
879:
874:
873:Marilyn Tyler
869:
864:
859:
854:
851:
848:
847:
843:
838:
829:
826:
825:
820:
811:
806:
804:
802:
801:anachronistic
798:
794:
789:
785:
781:
772:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
736:
733:
730:
729:
722:
718:
711:
709:
705:
704:
700:
697:
693:
690:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:
666:
661:
654:
652:
648:
644:
641:
640:
636:
633:
631:
622:
616:
614:
602:
601:Enrico Caruso
598:
583:
566:
565:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
542:
538:
531:
528:
526:
522:
521:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
504:
503:
499:
496:
493:
491:
487:
486:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
468:
467:
464:
461:
458:
456:
452:
451:
447:
445:
442:
440:
436:
435:
431:
427:
425:
422:
419:
417:
413:
409:
408:
404:
402:
399:
396:
395:
383:
376:
374:
372:
371:Detroit Opera
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:Mirella Freni
299:
298:Piero Bellugi
295:
291:
289:
288:
287:Giulio Cesare
283:
279:
272:
268:
264:
260:
253:
248:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
228:
223:
222:ballad operas
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:da capo arias
202:
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189:Apostolo Zeno
185:
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109:
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99:mezzo-soprano
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:NicolĂČ Minato
80:
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2979:Georg HĂ€ndel
2969:Handel House
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2501:Salve Regina
2496:Nisi Dominus
2467:
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2074:Ombra mai fu
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2012:
2005:
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1991:
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1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
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1914:
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1900:
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1781:
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1278:, p. 15
1256:
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1224:Cat: 748004
1199:Louise Alder
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974:Jan Zinkler,
964:Yvonne Kenny
918:Paul Esswood
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341:as Romilda,
293:
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158:in the 1720s
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116:
113:Ombra mai fu
110:
106:countertenor
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35:
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3087:Opera seria
3067:1738 operas
2680:Fitzwilliam
2642:Water Music
2236:Der Messias
1288:Keates 2014
1099:Inga Kalna,
979:Ivor Bolton
355:Alice Coote
278:Winton Dean
267:Oskar Hagen
182:later took
175:opera seria
59:opera seria
3061:Categories
2279:Belshazzar
1867:Alessandro
1818:Floridante
1628:1843832682
1231:References
1167:orchestra
1165:Conductor,
959:Ann Murray
932:Ulrik Cold
858:Lucia Popp
841:orchestra
839:Conductor,
807:Recordings
613:media help
597:Recitative
505:Ariodate,
488:Atalanta,
459:contralto
437:Arsamene,
430:Caffarelli
401:Voice type
335:Ann Murray
318:Luigi Alva
220:London of
213:recitativ'
193:Metastasio
57:40) is an
19:See also:
2923:Göttingen
2916:Festivals
2849:Germanico
2570:Canticles
2215:Structure
2130:Oratorios
2014:Faramondo
1972:Ariodante
1909:Partenope
1853:Rodelinda
1846:Tamerlano
1804:Radamisto
1750:Agrippina
1533:Herodotus
1485:(2001). "
1439:3 January
1413:3 January
1387:4 January
1300:Dean 1995
1261:Dean 1995
1162:Ariodate
986:CD: Farao
836:Ariodate
728:A gallery
529:baritone
469:Romilda,
453:Amastre,
444:contralto
373:in 2023.
365:in 2017,
263:Göttingen
136:Faramondo
3003:Category
2391:Cantatas
2328:Theodora
2272:Hercules
2230:Part III
2049:Deidamia
2007:Berenice
2000:Giustino
1986:Atalanta
1860:Scipione
1722:Florindo
1617:(2006),
1501:(eds.).
1467:16 April
788:Arsamene
539:Synopsis
523:Elviro,
494:soprano
424:castrato
224:such as
102:castrato
95:Xerxes I
67:libretto
3014:Commons
2667:sonatas
2665:XV solo
2510:Anthems
2342:Jephtha
2321:Solomon
2314:Susanna
2225:Part II
2209:Messiah
2181:Athalia
2174:Deborah
2120:Alceste
1993:Arminio
1944:Orlando
1930:Sosarme
1895:Tolomeo
1757:Rinaldo
1743:Rodrigo
1561:Sources
1493:)". In
1458:"Serse"
1378:"Serse"
784:Amastre
603:in 1920
544:Place:
476:soprano
421:soprano
410:Serse (
217:another
3092:Operas
3037:Portal
2933:London
2863:Gideon
2491:Gloria
2300:Joshua
2258:Semele
2251:Samson
2220:Part I
2167:Esther
2042:Imeneo
1979:Alcina
1965:Oreste
1937:Catone
1874:Admeto
1832:Flavio
1825:Ottone
1736:Almira
1728:Daphne
1710:Operas
1625:
1596:Xerxes
1515:
1491:Xerxes
1318:p. 135
1173:Label
844:Label
803:here.
797:Greece
546:Abydos
412:Xerxes
316:, and
91:Persia
51:Xerxes
3051:Opera
3024:Audio
2928:Halle
2856:Nabal
2841:Other
2657:Flute
2113:Comus
2028:Serse
1888:Siroe
1783:Silla
1776:Teseo
1644:Serse
1580:Serse
1487:Serse
1304:Serse
1236:Notes
1178:2018
1153:Year
1145:Serse
1091:2018
1045:2013
993:2003
955:1997
904:1979
849:1965
827:Year
819:Serse
780:Serse
712:Act 3
655:Act 2
559:Act 1
397:Role
377:Roles
294:Serse
282:Serse
274:'
271:Serse
259:Serse
252:Serse
201:arias
197:Serse
184:Serse
170:Serse
165:buffo
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141:Serse
37:Serse
2959:Will
2810:Opus
2746:367b
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2663:and
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1623:ISBN
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1469:2018
1441:2020
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1328:Best
1276:Best
1249:Best
1081:CD:
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