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live simple lives. Snowball has been forgotten, alongside Boxer, with "the exception of the few who knew him". Many of the animals who participated in the rebellion are dead or old. Mr. Jones is also now known to be dead, having "died in an inebriates' home in another part of the country". The pigs start to resemble humans, as they walk upright, carry whips, drink alcohol, and wear clothes. The Seven
Commandments are abridged to just one phrase: "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others". The maxim "Four legs good, two legs bad" is similarly changed to "Four legs good, two legs better". Other changes include the Hoof and Horn flag being replaced with a plain green banner and Old Major's skull, which was previously put on display, being reburied.
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Snowball was given an award of courage, while falsely representing himself as the main hero of the battle. "Beasts of
England" is replaced with "Animal Farm", while an anthem glorifying Napoleon, who is presumably adopting the lifestyle of a man ("Comrade Napoleon"), is composed and sung. Napoleon then conducts a second purge, during which many animals who are alleged to be helping Snowball in plots are executed by Napoleon's dogs, which troubles the rest of the animals. Despite their hardships, the animals are easily pacified by Napoleon's retort that they are better off than they were under Mr. Jones, as well as by the sheep's continual bleating of "four legs good, two legs bad".
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432:. To commemorate the start of Animal Farm, Snowball raises a green flag with a white hoof and horn. Food is plentiful, and the farm runs smoothly. The pigs elevate themselves to positions of leadership and set aside special food items, ostensibly for their health. Following an unsuccessful attempt by Mr. Jones and his associates to retake the farm (later dubbed the "Battle of the Cowshed"), Snowball announces his plans to modernise the farm by building a windmill. Napoleon disputes this idea, and matters come to a head, which culminates in Napoleon's dogs chasing Snowball away and Napoleon effectively declaring himself supreme commander.
463:'s van and a donkey called Benjamin alerts the animals of this, but Squealer quickly waves off their alarm by persuading the animals that the van had been purchased from the knacker by an animal hospital and that the previous owner's signboard had not been repainted. Squealer subsequently reports Boxer's death and honours him with a festival the following day. In truth, Napoleon had engineered the sale of Boxer to the knacker, allowing him and his inner circle to acquire money to buy
807:, to make sure the narrator speaks in an unbiased and uncomplicated fashion. The difference is seen in the way that the animals speak and interact, as the general moral animals seem to speak their minds clearly, while the wicked animals on the farm, such as Napoleon, twist language in such a way that it meets their insidious desires. This style reflects Orwell's proximity to the issues facing Europe at the time and his determination to comment critically on Stalin's Soviet Russia.
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672:, although quite naive and gullible. Boxer does a large share of the physical labour on the farm. He is shown to hold the belief that "Napoleon is always right." At one point, he questions Squealer's statement that Snowball was always against the welfare of the farm, causing him to be attacked by Napoleon's dogs, however Boxer's immense strength repels the attack, worrying the pigs that their authority can be challenged. Boxer has been compared to
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1000:, a partner in the literary agency of Christy & Moore, publisher Jonathan Cape explained that the decision had been taken on the advice of a senior official in the Ministry of Information. Such flagrant anti-Soviet bias was unacceptable, and the choice of pigs as the dominant class was thought to be especially offensive. It may reasonably be assumed that the "important official" was a man named
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428:, assume command and stage a revolt, driving Mr. Jones off the farm and renaming the property "Animal Farm". They adopt the Seven Commandments of Animalism, the most important of which is, "All animals are equal". The decree is painted in large letters on one side of the barn. Snowball teaches the animals to read and write, while Napoleon educates young puppies on the principles of
439:, Napoleon claims credit for the idea of building the windmill, claiming that Snowball was only trying to win animals to his side. The animals work harder with the promise of easier lives with the windmill. When the animals find the windmill collapsed after a violent storm, Napoleon and Squealer persuade the animals that Snowball is trying to sabotage their project, and begin to
1508:. The puppies controlled by Napoleon parallel the nurture of the secret police in the Stalinist structure, and the pigs' treatment of the other animals on the farm recalls the internal terror faced by the populace in the 1930s. In chapter seven, when the animals confess their non-existent crimes and are killed, Orwell directly alludes to the purges, confessions and
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consistent enough with their real-world inspirations, and said, "It seems to me that the failure of this book (commercially it is already assured of tremendous success) arises from the fact that the satire deals not with something the author has experienced, but rather with stereotyped ideas about a country which he probably does not know very well".
636:. Napoleon allies with Frederick to sell surplus timber that Pilkington also sought, but is enraged to learn Frederick paid him in counterfeit money. Shortly after the swindling, Frederick and his men invade Animal Farm, killing many animals and destroying the windmill. The brief alliance and subsequent invasion may allude to the
1496:. The pigs' rise to preeminence mirrors the rise of a Stalinist bureaucracy in the USSR, just as Napoleon's emergence as the farm's sole leader reflects Stalin's emergence. The pigs' appropriation of milk and apples for their own use, "the turning point of the story" as Orwell termed it in a letter to
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stated in 2019 that the book is widely available in mainland China for several reasons: censors believe the general public is unlikely to read a highbrow book, because the elites who do read books feel connected to the ruling party anyway, and because the
Communist Party sees being too aggressive in
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The cows β Unnamed. The cows are enticed into the revolution by promises that their milk will not be stolen but can be used to raise their calves. Their milk is then stolen by the pigs, who learn to milk them. The milk is stirred into the pigs' mash every day, while the other animals are denied
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as "the black raven of priestcraft β promising pie in the sky when you die, and faithfully serving whoever happens to be in power". His preaching to the animals heartens them, and
Napoleon allows Moses to reside at the farm "with an allowance of a gill of beer daily", akin to how Stalin brought
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Mr. Frederick β The tough owner of
Pinchfield Farm, a small but well-kept neighbouring farm, who briefly allies with Napoleon. Animal Farm shares land boundaries with Pinchfield on one side and Foxwood on another, making Animal Farm a "buffer zone" between the two bickering farmers. The animals
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Napoleon holds a dinner party for the pigs and local farmers, with whom he celebrates a new alliance. He abolishes the practice of the revolutionary traditions and restores the name "The Manor Farm". The men and pigs start playing cards, flattering and praising each other while cheating at the game.
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According to Orwell, Gollancz refused to publish the book due to the fear of spoiling relations with a fundamental ally in the war against Nazism: "I must tell you that it is I think completely unacceptable politically from your point of view (it is anti-Stalin)". Gollancz became very angry at this
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has also faced similar forms of resistance in other countries. The ALA also mentions the way that the book was prevented from being featured at the
International Book Fair in Moscow, Russia, in 1977 and banned from schools in the United Arab Emirates for references to practices or actions that defy
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The cat β Unnamed and never seen to carry out any work. The cat is absent for long periods and is forgiven because her excuses are so convincing and she "purred so affectionately that it was impossible not to believe in her good intentions". She has no interest in the politics of the farm, and
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The sheep β They are not given individual names or personalities. They show limited understanding of
Animalism and the political atmosphere of the farm, yet nonetheless, they are the voice of blind conformity as they bleat their support of Napoleon's ideals with jingles during his speeches and
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on 17 July 1918. The animals revolt after Jones goes on a drinking binge, returns hungover the following day and neglects them completely. Jones is married, but his wife plays no active role in the book. She seems to live with her husband's drunkenness, going to bed while he stays up drinking until
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Years pass, the windmill is rebuilt and another windmill is constructed, which makes the farm a good amount of income. However, the ideals that
Snowball discussed, including stalls with electric lighting, heating, and running water, are forgotten, with Napoleon advocating that the happiest animals
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magazine, George Soule expressed his disappointment in the book, writing that it "puzzled and saddened me. It seemed on the whole dull. The allegory turned out to be a creaking machine for saying in a clumsy way things that have been said better directly". Soule believed that the animals were not
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Moses β The Raven, "Mr. Jones's especial pet, was a spy and a tale-bearer, but he was also a clever talker". Initially following Mrs. Jones into exile, he reappears several years later and resumes his role of talking but not working. He regales Animal Farm's denizens with tales of a wondrous
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Mr. Pilkington β The easy-going but crafty and well-to-do owner of
Foxwood Farm, a large neighbouring farm overgrown with weeds. Pilkington is wealthier than Frederick and owns more land, but his farm needs care as opposed to Frederick's smaller but more efficiently run farm. Although on bad
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convinced that the destruction of the Soviet myth was essential if we wanted a revival of the socialist movement. On my return from Spain I thought of exposing the Soviet myth in a story that could be easily understood by almost anyone and which could be easily translated into other languages".
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the farm of animals accused by
Napoleon of consorting with his old rival. When some animals recall the Battle of the Cowshed, Napoleon (who was nowhere to be found during the battle) gradually smears Snowball to the point of saying he is a collaborator of Mr. Jones, even dismissing the fact that
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twist to the original purpose of the Seven Commandments, which was supposed to keep order within Animal Farm by uniting the animals together against the humans and preventing animals from following the humans' evil habits. Through the revision of the commandments, Orwell demonstrates how simply
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If the fable were addressed generally to dictators and dictatorships at large then publication would be all right, but the fable does follow, as I see now, so completely the progress of the Russian Soviets and their two dictators , that it can apply only to Russia, to the exclusion of the other
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at least, acknowledgement of the fact that it is a satire not at all gentle upon a particular State β Soviet Russia? It seems to me that a reviewer should have the courage to identify Napoleon with Stalin, and Snowball with Trotsky, and express an opinion favourable or unfavourable to the
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I saw a little boy, perhaps ten years old, driving a huge carthorse along a narrow path, whipping it whenever it tried to turn. It struck me that if only such animals became aware of their strength we should have no power over them, and that men exploit animals in much the same way as the rich
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of revolution (violent conspiratorial revolution, led by unconsciously power-hungry people) can only lead to a change of masters revolutions only effect a radical improvement when the masses are alert". In a preface for a 1947 Ukrainian edition, he stated, "for the past ten years I have been
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The hens β The hens are promised following the rebellion that they will get to keep their eggs, which are stolen from them under Mr. Jones, however, their eggs are soon taken from them under the premise of buying goods from outside the farm. The hens are among the first to rebel, albeit
1538:. During the battle, Orwell first wrote, "All the animals, including Napoleon" took cover. Orwell had the publisher alter this to "All the animals except Napoleon" in recognition of Stalin's decision to remain in Moscow during the German advance. Orwell requested the change after he met
1640:, the metamorphosis of the eighth commandment ("some animals are more equal") was likely inspired by similar change of a party line which declared all Soviet people equal: the Russian nation and language suddenly became "first among equals" in official CPSU publications in 1936β1937.
1343:. Soon after, Napoleon and Squealer partake in activities associated with the humans (drinking alcohol, sleeping in beds, trading), which were explicitly prohibited by the Seven Commandments. Squealer is employed to alter the Seven Commandments to account for this humanisation, an
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on 15 September 1972 as "How the essay came to be written". Orwell's essay criticised British self-censorship by the press, specifically the suppression of unflattering descriptions of Stalin and the Soviet government. The same essay also appeared in the Italian 1976 edition of
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The sinister fact about literary censorship in England is that it is largely voluntary ... Things are kept right out of the British press, not because the Government intervenes but because of a general tacit agreement that "it wouldn't do" to mention that particular
959:(who was a director of the firm) rejected it; Eliot wrote back to Orwell praising the book's "good writing" and "fundamental integrity", but declared that they would only accept it for publication if they had some sympathy for the viewpoint "which I take to be generally
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meetings with Snowball. Their constant bleating of "four legs good, two legs bad" was used as a device to drown out any opposition or alternative views from Snowball, much as Stalin used hysterical crowds to drown out Trotsky. Towards the end of the book, Squealer (the
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Muriel β A goat who is another of the oldest, wisest animals on the farm and friends with all of the animals on the farm. Similar to Benjamin, Muriel is one of the few animals on the farm who is not a pig but can read. She survives, as does Benjamin, by eschewing
898:. He was also upset about a booklet for propagandists the Ministry of Information had put out. The booklet included instructions on how to quell ideological fears of the Soviet Union, such as directions to claim that the Red Terror was a figment of Nazi imagination.
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Another thing: it would be less offensive if the predominant caste in the fable were not pigs. I think the choice of pigs as the ruling caste will no doubt give offence to many people, and particularly to anyone who is a bit touchy, as undoubtedly the Russians are.
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as it is in London or Los Angeles". An enhanced version of the book, launched in India in 2017, was widely praised for capturing the author's intent, by republishing the proposed preface of the First Edition and the preface he wrote for the Ukrainian edition.
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that seemed to display the establishment of "the best possible relations between the USSR and the West" β but in reality were destined, as Orwell presciently predicted, to continue to unravel. The disagreement between the allies and the start of the
697: β A donkey, one of the oldest, wisest animals on the farm, and one of the few who can read properly. He is sceptical, temperamental and cynical: his most frequent remark is, "Life will go on as it has always gone on β that is, badly". Academic
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is an example of a political satire and an allegory that was intended to have a "wider application", according to Orwell himself, in terms of its relevance. Stylistically, the work shares many similarities with some of Orwell's other works, most notably
963:". Eliot said he found the view "not convincing", and contended that the pigs were made out to be the best to run the farm; he posited that someone might argue "what was needed ... was not more communism but more public-spirited pigs". Orwell let
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Other connections that writers have suggested illustrate Orwell's telescoping of Russian history from 1917 to 1943, including the wave of rebelliousness that ran through the countryside after the Rebellion, which stands for the abortive revolutions
869:, he explained how escaping the communist purges in Spain taught him "how easily totalitarian propaganda can control the opinion of enlightened people in democratic countries". This motivated Orwell to expose and strongly condemn what he saw as the
800:. In these kinds of works, Orwell distinctly references the disarray and traumatic conditions of Europe following the Second World War. Orwell's style and writing philosophy as a whole were very concerned with the pursuit of truth in writing.
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late into the night. In her only other appearance, she hastily throws a few things into a travel bag and flees when she sees that the animals are revolting. Towards the end of the book, Napoleon's "favourite sow" wears her old Sunday dress.
967:, who was working for Nicholson & Watson in 1944, read the typescript, and Deutsch was convinced that Nicholson & Watson would want to publish it; however, they did not, and "lectured Orwell on what they perceived to be errors in
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981:, Orwell wrote that it was "now next door to impossible to get anything overtly anti-Russian printed. Anti-Russian books do appear, but mostly from Catholic publishing firms and always from a religious or frankly reactionary angle".
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Minimus β A poetic pig who writes the second national anthem of Animal Farm after the singing of "Beasts of England" is banned; later he composes a poem "Comrade Napoleon". Literary theorist John Rodden compares him to the poet
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Although the first edition allowed space for the preface in the author's proof, it was not included, and the page numbers had to be renumbered at the last minute. As of June 2009, most editions of the book have not included it.
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Orwell initially encountered difficulty getting the manuscript published, largely due to fears that the book might upset the alliance between Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Four publishers refused to publish
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These commandments are also distilled into the maxim "Four legs good, two legs bad!" which is primarily used by the sheep on the farm, often to disrupt discussions and disagreements between animals on the nature of Animalism.
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Orwell biographer Jeffrey Meyers has written, "virtually every detail has political significance in this allegory". Orwell himself wrote in 1946, "Of course I intended it primarily as a satire on the Russian revolution ...
1048:, Orwell refused in advance all royalties. A translation in Ukrainian, which was produced in Germany, was confiscated in large part by the American wartime authorities and handed over to the Soviet repatriation commission.
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Between 1952 and 1957, the CIA, in an operation codenamed Aedinosaur, sent millions of balloons carrying copies of the novel into Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, whose air forces tried to shoot the balloons down. The
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Mollie β A self-centred, self-indulgent, and vain young white mare who quickly leaves for another farm after the revolution, like those who left Russia after the fall of the Tsar. She is only once mentioned
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Pinkeye β A minor pig who is mentioned only once; he is the taste-tester that samples Napoleon's food to make sure it is not poisoned, in response to rumours about an assassination attempt on Napoleon.
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1063: β an excellent bit of satire β it would illustrate perfectly". Nothing came of this, and a trial issue produced by Secker & Warburg in 1956 illustrated by John Driver was abandoned. The
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The young pigs β Four pigs who complain about Napoleon's takeover of the farm but are quickly silenced and later executed, the first animals killed in Napoleon's farm purge. Probably based on the
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Mr. Whymper β A man hired by Napoleon to act as the liaison between Animal Farm and human society. At first, he acquires necessities that cannot be produced on the farm, such as dog biscuits and
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and the British intelligentsia held Stalin in high esteem, a phenomenon Orwell hated. The manuscript was initially rejected by several British and American publishers, including one of Orwell's own,
1914:
992:, subsequently rejected the book after an official at the British Ministry of Information warned him off β although the civil servant who it is assumed gave the order was later found to be a
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Clover β A gentle, caring mare, who shows concern, especially for Boxer, who often pushes himself too hard. Clover can read all the letters of the alphabet, but cannot "put words together".
364:, which delayed its publication. It became a great commercial success when it did appear, as international relations and public opinion were transformed as the wartime alliance gave way to the
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satire. Furthermore, these two prominent works seem to suggest Orwell's bleak view of the future for humanity; he seems to stress the potential/current threat of dystopias similar to those in
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Orwell noted, however, "although various episodes are taken from the actual history of the Russian Revolution, they are dealt with schematically and their chronological order is changed."
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has suggested there is "a touch of Orwell himself in this creature's timeless scepticism" and indeed, friends called Orwell "Donkey George", "after his grumbling donkey Benjamin, in
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Later, Napoleon and his pigs secretly revise some commandments to clear themselves of accusations of law-breaking. The changed commandments are as follows, with the changes bolded:
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Eventually, these are replaced with the maxims, "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others", and "Four legs good, two legs better" as the pigs become more
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Orwell was committed to communicating straightforwardly, given the way that he felt words were commonly used in politics to deceive and confuse. For this reason, he is careful, in
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also faced pressures against publication, even from people in his own office and from his wife Pamela, who felt that it was not the moment for ingratitude towards Stalin and the
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at the same time and both sides begin fighting loudly over who cheated first. When the animals outside look at the pigs and men, they can no longer distinguish between the two.
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1773:(1999) is a live-action TV version that shows Napoleon's regime collapsing in on itself, with the farm having new human owners, reflecting the collapse of Soviet communism.
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705:". Benjamin manages to evade the purges and survive despite the threat he potentially poses given his knowledge, his age, and his equivocal, albeit apolitical, positions.
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Squealer sprawls at the foot of the end wall of the big barn where the Seven Commandments were written (ch. viii) β preliminary artwork for a 1950 strip cartoon by
459:, are wounded. Although he recovers from this, Boxer eventually collapses while working on the windmill (being almost 12 years old at that point). He is taken away in a
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who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to create a society where the animals can be equal, free, and happy. Ultimately, the rebellion is betrayed, and under the
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insinuation, but on 4 April 1944, he recognized his error of judgment: "You were right and I was wrong. I am so sorry. I have returned the manuscript". Dalya Alberge
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680:. He has been described as "faithful and strong"; he believes any problem can be solved if he works harder. When Boxer is injured, Napoleon sells him to a local
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Napoleon enacts changes to the governance structure of the farm, replacing meetings with a committee of pigs who will run the farm. Through a young porker named
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947:, it became clear to Orwell that anti-Soviet literature was not something which most major publishing houses would touch β including his regular publisher
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The puppies β Offspring of Jessie and Bluebell, the puppies were taken away at birth by Napoleon and raised by him to serve as his powerful security force.
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Oppenheim, Maya (1 March 2018). "China bans George Orwell's Animal Farm and letter 'N' from online posts as censors bolster Xi Jinping's plan to keep power".
1590:(Ch. IV); the conflict between Napoleon and Snowball (Ch. V), parallelling "the two rival and quasi-Messianic beliefs that seemed pitted against one another:
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has also faced an array of challenges in school settings around the US. The following are examples of this controversy that has existed around Orwell's work:
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Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer adapt Old Major's ideas into "a complete system of thought", which they formally name Animalism, an allegoric reference to
615: β A heavy drinker who is the original owner of Manor Farm, a farm in disrepair with farmhands who often loaf on the job. He is an allegory of Russian
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George Orwell's Animal Farm β Ch. VII β An Academic Collaboration of the Symbolism Relating to the 1932-33 Soviet Ukrainian Famine- Genocide (Holodomor).
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A censorship survey conducted in DeKalb County, Georgia, relating to the years 1979β1982, revealed that many schools had attempted to limit access to
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and the early Soviet nation, in that he draws up the principles of the revolution. His skull being put on revered public display recalls Lenin, whose
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has been adapted to film twice. Both differ from the novel and have been accused of taking significant liberties, including sanitising some aspects.
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place beyond the clouds called "Sugarcandy Mountain, that happy country where we poor animals shall rest forever from our labours!" Orwell portrays
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terms with Frederick, Pilkington is also concerned about the animal revolution that deposed Jones and is worried that this could also happen to him.
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of the late 1930s. These contributed to Orwell's conviction that the Bolshevik revolution had been corrupted and the Soviet system become rotten.
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was the first book in which I tried, with full consciousness of what I was doing, to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole".
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1800:, amongst others. Orwell later wrote to Heppenstall that Porteous, "who had not read the book, grasped what was happening after a few minutes".
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The rats β Unnamed. Classed among the wild animals, unsuccessful attempts were made to civilise them and teach them the principles of Animalism.
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The piglets β Hinted to be the children of Napoleon and are the first generation of animals subjugated to his idea of animal inequality.
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with another introduction by Crick, claiming to be the first edition with the preface. Other publishers were still declining to publish it.
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321:, but US publishers dropped the subtitle when it was published in 1946, and only one of the translations, during Orwell's lifetime, the
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on the same day, called the book "a gentle satire on a certain State and on the illusions of an age which may already be behind us".
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3436:"Book Review: George Orwell's 'Animal Farm' Received Mixed Reviews from across the World, Enhanced Version now Available on Pirates"
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1573:, at Stalin's instigation 'pleas for the opposition were drowned in the continual, hysterically intolerant uproar from the floor'. (
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has also faced relatively recent issues in China. In 2018, the government decided to censor all online posts about or referring to
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version, kept it. Other title variations include subtitles like "A Satire" and "A Contemporary Satire". Orwell suggested the title
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In October 1945, Orwell wrote to Frederic Warburg expressing interest in pursuing the possibility that the political cartoonist
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to the Soviet government's revising of history to exercise control of the people's beliefs about themselves and their society.
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1004:, who was later unmasked as a Soviet agent. Orwell was suspicious of Smollett/Smolka, and he would be one of the names Orwell
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3810:"All Propaganda is Dangerous, but Some are More Dangerous than Others: George Orwell and the Use of Literature as Propaganda"
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2116:, "the persons of Lenin and Trotsky are combined into one , or, it might even be ... to say, there is no Lenin at all."
1459:, the Communist symbol. By the end of the book when Napoleon takes full control, the Hoof and Horn is removed from the flag.
1189:, a secret Cold War propaganda agency of the British government, translated the book into various languages such as Arabic.
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unsuccessfully, against Napoleon, being brutally suppressed through starvation. They represent the Ukrainian victims of the
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magazine chose the book as one of the 100 best English-language novels (1923 to 2005); it also featured at number 31 on the
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boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way". An allegory of
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5065:. London, Melbourne, Toronto, Singapore, Johannesburg, Hong Kong, Nairobi, Auckland, Ibadan: Heinemann Educational Books.
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1569: β 'When Snowball comes to the crucial points in his speeches he is drowned out by the sheep (Ch. V), just as in the
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the only time she is recorded as having participated in an election, she is found to have actually "voted on both sides".
416:, holds a conference, at which he calls for the overthrow of humans and teaches the animals a revolutionary song called "
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of Animal Farm are terrified of Frederick, as rumours abound of him abusing his animals and entertaining himself with
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into a comic strip. This comic was not published in the United Kingdom but ran in Brazilian and Burmese newspapers.
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department to obtain the film rights from Orwell's widow, and the resulting 1954 animation was funded by the agency.
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3175:"george orwell β Does "Animal Farm" explicitly state anywhere in the text that it is in fact a political allegory?"
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1909:
1796:, was broadcast in January 1947. Orwell listened to the production at his home in Canonbury Square, London, with
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blocking cultural products as a liability. The authors stated: "It was β and remains β as easy to buy
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1633:" and its adoption and repudiation by the Soviet authorities as the anthem of the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s.
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The Board quickly brought back the book, however, after receiving complaints of the ban as "unconstitutional".
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who serves as Napoleon's second-in-command and minister of propaganda, is a collective portrait of the Soviet
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A further radio production, again using Orwell's dramatisation of the book, was broadcast in January 2013 on
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1989:
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against the Bolsheviks, and the difficult efforts of the animals to build the windmill suggest the various
1075:
was published by Secker & Warburg in 1995 to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the first edition of
855:
George Orwell wrote the manuscript between November 1943 and February 1944 after his experiences during the
729:
1973:"a dose of Swiftian misanthropy, looking ahead to a time 'when the human race had finally been overthrown."
1626:
is suggested when Napoleon and Pilkington, both suspicious, each "played an ace of spades simultaneously".
540: β Napoleon's rival and original head of the farm after Jones's overthrow. His life parallels that of
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1934:
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to buy himself whisky, and Squealer gives a moving account, falsifying the circumstances of Boxer's death.
547:
537:
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353:
246:
2004:, published in 1856 and written by William M. Burwell, is a satirical novel that features allegories for
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1753:(1954) is an animated film, in which Napoleon is eventually overthrown in a second revolution. In 1974,
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1961:
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Similarly, the music in the novel, starting with "Beasts of England" and the later anthems, parallels "
1287:. However, the book itself, as of 2019, remains sold in stores. Amy Hawkins and Jeffrey Wasserstrom of
762:
The roosters β One arranges to wake Boxer early, and a black one acts as a trumpeter for Napoleon.
740:) trains the sheep to alter their slogan to "four legs good, two legs better", which they dutifully do.
408:, England, is ripened for rebellion by neglect at the hands of the irresponsible and alcoholic farmer,
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of August 1939, after which Frederick attacks Animal Farm without warning and destroys the windmill.
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273:
201:
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1550:, that it had been "the character greatness of Stalin" that saved Russia from the German invasion.
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as one of the 100 best English-language novels (1923 to 2005); it also featured at number 31 on the
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destroyed his London home. Orwell spent hours sifting through the rubble to find the pages intact.
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Orwell wrote the book between November 1943 and February 1944, when the United Kingdom was in its
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Developers Nerial and The Dairymen released a game based on the book in December 2020, entitled
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New York State English Council's Committee on Defense Against Censorship found that in 1968,
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and how the British people were suppressing criticism of the USSR, their World War II ally:
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provides the inspiration that fuels the rebellion. He is also called Willingdon Beauty when
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4847:
Understanding Animal Farm: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents
4444:
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2810:
2029:
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1662:
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1562:
1547:
1092:
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952:
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878:
551:
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372:
361:
322:
235:
1602:"; Napoleon's dealings with Whymper and the Willingdon markets (Ch. VI), paralleling the
5033:
2632:
2578:
1451:
1177:
may be simply a fairy story; today it is a political satire with a good deal of point".
1135:
Contemporary reviews of the work were not universally positive. Writing in the American
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1986:
1966:
1754:
1711:
1543:
1489:
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1001:
901:
In the preface, Orwell described the source of the idea of setting the book on a farm:
789:
668: β A loyal, kind, dedicated, extremely strong, hard-working, and respectable cart-
509:
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3621:
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6147:
5450:
5242:
5102:
4667:
4659:
4643:
4622:
4617:
4262:
4023:
3843:
2991:
2790:
1977:
1681:
1614:
1566:
1165:
1113:
1068:
1064:
985:
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also had its influences: "In 1937, the year in which Orwell said he first thought of
531:
527:
501:
476:
269:
231:
60:
6953:
5136:
4552:
6958:
6843:
6831:
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6643:
6588:
6566:
6554:
6508:
6413:
6238:
6226:
6000:
5995:
5970:
5481:
5340:
4885:
4431:
4060:
3413:
3253:"George Orwell's Animal Farm tops list of the nation's favourite books from school"
2139:
1969:
reverses the role of horses and human beings in the fourth book. Orwell brought to
1820:
1812:
1808:
1729:
based on the book. Its premiere took place on 4 March 2023 in Amsterdam as part of
1700:
1637:
1558:
1535:
1485:
1350:
1289:
1146:
1037:
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652:
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555:
541:
497:
385:
357:
338:
265:
242:
238:
5982:
5124:
4274:
Dickstein, Morris (2007). "Animal Farm: History as fable". In Rodden, John (ed.).
3809:
2372:
765:
The geese β Unnamed. One gander commits suicide by eating nightshade berries.
451:
to blow up the restored windmill. Although the animals win the battle, they do so
17:
4824:
4803:
4782:
4728:
4707:
4686:
4487:
4466:
4343:
4275:
4237:
4216:
4121:
3389:
2892:
1154:"a delightfully humorous and caustic satire on the rule of the many by the few".
891:, Orwell decided that fiction would be the best way to describe totalitarianism.
280:, an attitude that was critically shaped by his experiences during the Barcelona
234:, first published in England on 17 August 1945. It tells the story of a group of
6770:
6723:
6655:
6520:
6456:
6420:
6403:
6374:
6171:
5897:
5853:
5147:
3826:
3767:"Dutch National Opera, Wiener Staatsoper & Teatro Massimo to Collaborate on
3741:"Animal Farm stage adaptation cast, tour dates and more revealed | WhatsOnStage"
2864:
1852:
1848:
1804:
1777:
1707:
1355:
1268:
was removed from the Stonington, Connecticut school district curriculum in 2017.
1155:
956:
669:
588:
580:
305:
227:
5175:
5000:
932:, yet one had initially accepted the work but declined it after consulting the
6965:
6913:
6758:
6061:
6030:
3716:"National Youth Theatre heads to Shropshire stage 'sanctuary' for Animal Farm"
1816:
1591:
1440:
1204:
830:
624:
389:
4893:
3835:
2909:", edited and with an introduction by, Harold Bloom; Chelsea House; 2007:168.
2782:
6600:
6323:
5945:
5586:
5262:
4769:
4301:
3027:"Plaque unveiled where George Orwell's Animal Farm almost went up in flames"
1929:
1924:
1472:
The revolt of the animals against Farmer Jones is Orwell's analogy with the
1336:
870:
745:
505:
493:
413:
277:
6977:
1181:
has been subject to much comment in the decades since these early remarks.
4709:
The Lost Orwell: Being a Supplement to The Complete Works of George Orwell
2774:
6650:
1623:
1344:
1307:
1303:
1029:
365:
281:
220:
4987:
4966:
Sutherland, T. (2005). "Speaking My Mind: Orwell Farmed for Education".
4901:
2097:'It could disappear for ever': Anger over sale of George Orwell archive
1598:
of the proletariat of the West; and Stalinism with its glorification of
1455:
The Hoof and Horn flag described in the book appears to be based on the
153:
6882:
5407:
3356:"'Animal Farm' not banned, school officials say; parents not satisfied"
1088:
681:
460:
223:
4598:"The Freedom of the Press: Orwell's Proposed Preface to 'Animal Farm'"
4508:
1546:
and an opponent of the Soviet regime, told Orwell, as Orwell wrote to
30:
This article is about the novel by George Orwell. For other uses, see
5203:
4979:
4910:"The Scheming Frederick and how Hitler Broke the Non-Aggression Pact"
3097:
3095:
1112:
found the original typescript titled "The Freedom of the Press", and
560:
464:
217:
1059:. Low had written a letter saying that he had had "a good time with
623:
of 1917 and was executed, along with the rest of his family, by the
1657:
A National Youth Theatre performance of Animal Farm at Soulton Hall
1884:
1830:
1652:
1552:
1450:
1436:
1431:
1349:
440:
334:
4947:"SparkNotes 'Literature Study Guides' "Animal Farm" Chapter VIII"
5419:
285:
6034:
5423:
5215:
4259:"George Orwell: Animal Farm: A Fairy Story: A Note on the Text"
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
1714:
with puppetry designed and directed by Toby OliΓ© opened at the
1324:"Seven Commandments" redirects here. For the Noahide code, see
1218:
was ranked the UK's favourite book from school in a 2016 poll.
475:
Both Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington, one of the farmers, play the
4371:
1888:
1758:
1500:, stands as an analogy for the crushing of the left-wing 1921
895:
447:
Mr. Frederick, a neighbouring farmer, attacks the farm, using
381:
5819:
Politics vs. Literature: An Examination of Gulliver's Travels
4323:"The Fall of Mister Jones and the Russian Revolution of 1917"
3884:"Andy Serkis Teams With Cinesite on 'Animal Farm' Adaptation"
3626:. Internet Archive. New York : Oxford University Press.
2907:
Bloom's Modern Critical Views, George Orwell, Updated Edition
2356:
2354:
2341:
2339:
1173:
author, upon a political ground. In a hundred years perhaps,
268:, a period when Russia lived under the communist ideology of
147:
2447:
2445:
3540:
3538:
2658:
2656:
2654:
655:, but later he procures luxuries like alcohol for the pigs.
333:
for the French translation, which abbreviates to URSA, the
2806:"The real message of '1984': Orwell's Classic Re-assessed"
1688:
Edinburgh in January 1995 and has toured worldwide since.
565:, able to justify every twist and turn in Stalin's policy.
173:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2541:
2539:
2537:
1915:
History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917β1927)
1236:
in 1965 because of its reference to the masses revolting.
341:. It also played on the French name of the Soviet Union,
4489:
Orwell Subverted: The CIA and the Filming of Animal Farm
3555:
3553:
3501:
3499:
3497:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2487:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
1369:
Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
276:, was a critic of Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed
5163:
Excerpts from Orwell's letters to his agent concerning
4345:
Modern Utopian Fictions from H.G. Wells to Iris Murdoch
1008:
of Crypto-Communists and Fellow-Travellers sent to the
4872:
Roper, D. (1977). "Viewpoint 2: The Boxer Mentality".
3403:
Hawkins, Amy; Wasserstrom, Jeffrey (13 January 2019).
3101:
1606:; and Frederick's forged bank notes, parallelling the
910:
In 1944, the manuscript was almost lost when a German
865:(1938). In the preface of a 1947 Ukrainian edition of
404:
The animal populace of the poorly run Manor Farm near
6930:
2960:
2958:
2851:
Orwell, George. "Politics and the English Language".
2827:"George Orwell: Dystopian Novel β 1984 β Animal Farm"
2287:
2285:
2283:
1613:
The book's close, with the pigs and men in a kind of
1257:
at the middle school and high school levels in 1987.
1168:
responded, on 7 September, "Should we not expect, in
894:
Immediately before writing the book, Orwell quit the
249:, the farm ends up in a state far worse than before.
4066:
Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations: Animal Farm
3237:
In Spies we Trust: The Story of Western Intelligence
1699:
this run included outdoor performances on a farm at
6869:
6745:
6620:
6495:
6366:
6181:
6072:
5938:
5889:
5867:
5740:
5624:
5578:
5571:
5532:
5473:
5466:
5361:
5322:
5306:
5255:
4706:Orwell, George (2006). Peter Hobley Davison (ed.).
4385:"Andy Serkis to Direct Adaptation of 'Animal Farm'"
4297:"T.S. Eliot and Animal Farm: Reasons for Rejection"
2757:Dwan, David (2012). "Orwell's Paradox: Equality in
2250:
2210:
2208:
1839:copy of the first instalment of Pett and Freeman's
1542:in Paris in March 1945. Czapski, a survivor of the
196:
183:
171:
159:
145:
130:
122:
114:
106:
94:
84:
76:
66:
56:
4999:
4621:
4530:
4509:"Animal Farm: A Beast Fable for Our Beastly Times"
4409:
3251:
2984:
2831:Spazio personale di mario aperto a tutti 24 ore su
2499:
2069:, 31 July 1937, and "Spilling the Spanish Beans",
1276:Arab or Islamic beliefs, such as pigs or alcohol.
850:The Adventures of the Little Pig and Other Stories
4648:"Preface to the Ukrainian Edition of Animal Farm"
2933:"Preface to the Ukrainian Edition of Animal Farm"
2401:"Great Books of the Western World as Free eBooks"
1116:published it, together with his introduction, in
1040:. A Russian translation was printed in the paper
3062:
2395:
2393:
1253:A superintendent in Bay County, Florida, banned
1012:in 1949. The publisher wrote to Orwell, saying:
676:, a diligent and enthusiastic role model of the
520:. By the end of the book, the skull is reburied.
292:. In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described
136:NPR: 100 Best Science Fiction and Fantasy Books
4280:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 133β45.
4192:"How the CIA brought Animal Farm to the screen"
2384:
1201:Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels
1097:
1014:
903:
558:and journalists, such as of the national daily
378:Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels
4931:"1946 Review of George Orwell's 'Animal Farm'"
3975:"12 Things You May Not Know About Animal Farm"
3919:
3683:
2975:
2973:
2360:
2345:
2315:
6046:
5435:
5227:
2238:
1071:and an edition illustrated by the cartoonist
1044:, and in permitting a Russian translation of
873:corruption of the original socialist ideals.
345:Union des rΓ©publiques socialistes soviΓ©tiques
8:
7188:Cultural depictions of Nicholas II of Russia
7053:British novels adapted into television shows
4748:Orwell, George (2013). Peter Davison (ed.).
4168:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
3210:
1420:but some animals are more equal than others.
1067:published an edition in 1984 illustrated by
343:
327:
298:
39:
4144:Spitting Blood: The History of Tuberculosis
1691:In 2021, during pandemic restrictions, the
842:, Gollancz's Left Book Club published both
619:, who was forced to abdicate following the
518:embalmed body was left in indefinite repose
6053:
6039:
6031:
5737:
5575:
5470:
5442:
5428:
5420:
5234:
5220:
5212:
2607:
2475:
1985:), published in 1924, is a book by Polish
329:Union des rΓ©publiques socialistes animales
45:
38:
7098:Hugo Award for Best Novella winning works
4147:. Oxford University Press. p. xiii.
3825:
3544:
2662:
2375:BBC. April 2003. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
2330:
1706:A new adaptation written and directed by
1680:A solo version, adapted and performed by
4277:The Cambridge Companion to George Orwell
3949:Uncle Tom's Cabin & American Culture
2451:
1895:in coordination with the Orwell Estate.
1366:Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
1328:. For The Bronx Is Burning episode, see
1243:had been widely deemed a "problem book".
788:, as both have been considered works of
534:, Napoleon is the leader of Animal Farm.
526: β "A large, rather fierce-looking
508:, one of the creators of communism, and
420:". When Old Major dies, two young pigs,
6937:
3931:
3795:
3699:
3239:. Oxford University Press. p. 145.
2562:
2545:
2291:
2204:
2189:, reprinted in Orwell:Collected Works,
2046:
1920:History of the Soviet Union (1927β1953)
1718:in January 2022 before touring the UK.
1232:in Wisconsin challenged the reading of
139:Hugo Award for Best Short Novel (1946)
5028:from the original on 12 November 2008.
4754:. W. W. Norton & Co. p. 231.
4628:. New York: The New American Library.
3907:
3671:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3559:
3505:
3488:
3464:
3222:
3161:
3149:
3113:
3086:
3025:Getzels, Rachael (12 September 2012).
2964:
2918:
2883:KnowledgeNotes (1996). "Animal Farm".
2878:
2876:
2874:
2744:
2732:
2698:
2686:
2674:
2595:
2516:
2463:
2436:
2424:
2303:
2274:
2262:
1757:revealed that he had been sent by the
1617:, reflected Orwell's view of the 1943
1411:No animal shall kill any other animal
1381:No animal shall kill any other animal.
951:. He also submitted the manuscript to
504:. He is an allegorical combination of
141:Prometheus Award β Hall of Fame (2011)
7173:Cultural depictions of Vladimir Lenin
5176:Orwell's original preface to the book
4941:from the original on 14 January 2017.
4776:from the original on 27 January 2013.
4770:"The Real George Orwell, Animal Farm"
4563:from the original on 17 December 2017
4395:from the original on 13 November 2013
4383:Giardina, Carolyn (19 October 2012).
4083:from the original on 22 November 2016
4069:(new ed.). Infobase Publishing.
4031:from the original on 8 November 2017.
3945:"Burwell's White Acre vs. Black Acre"
3517:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3198:
3137:
3074:
3012:
2619:
2573:
2571:
2528:
2407:. 5 March 2019 – via WordPress.
2226:
2214:
1673:London on 25 April 1984, directed by
940:published the first edition in 1945.
296:as a satirical tale against Stalin ("
7:
7178:Cultural depictions of Joseph Stalin
4916:from the original on 2 December 2013
4604:from the original on 16 January 2013
4591:from the original on 6 January 2014.
4378:from the original on 3 January 2012.
4329:from the original on 2 December 2013
4202:from the original on 26 October 2016
3607:
3529:
3476:
3125:
3037:from the original on 4 February 2023
2185:Preface to the Ukrainian edition of
1661:A theatrical version, with music by
315:The original title of the novel was
7183:Cultural depictions of Leon Trotsky
4190:Chilton, Martin (21 January 2016).
3882:Giardina, Carolyn (19 April 2022).
3714:Bentley, Charlotte (17 June 2021).
3442:. 23 September 2020. Archived from
2804:Crick, Bernard (31 December 1983).
2159:A Note on the Text, Peter Davison,
7128:Novels adapted into radio programs
3303:Advocacy, Legislation & Issues
3299:"Banned & Challenged Classics"
2986:"Novel explosives of the Cold War"
2943:from the original on 16 April 2021
2150:, reprinted in Remembering Orwell
2146:, written for the Russian journal
1965:was a favourite book of Orwell's.
1819:as the propagandist Squealer, and
256:reflects events leading up to the
25:
7048:British novels adapted into plays
7043:British novels adapted into films
6851:This Is How You Lose the Time War
6754:The Lifecycle of Software Objects
5920:Inside the Whale and Other Essays
5805:Politics and the English Language
5770:A Good Word for the Vicar of Bray
4533:A Reader's Guide to George Orwell
4107:from the original on 30 July 2016
3808:Senn, Samantha (1 October 2015).
2053:Orwell, writing in his review of
1792:A BBC radio version, produced by
1782:upcoming animated film adaptation
1677:. It toured nine cities in 1985.
1474:October 1917 Bolshevik Revolution
848:and a left-wing children's book,
300:un conte satirique contre Staline
288:and Stalinist forces, during the
189:Inside the Whale and Other Essays
134:Modern Library's 100 Best Novels
7168:Cultural depictions of Karl Marx
7000:
6988:
6976:
6964:
6952:
6940:
6433:24 Views of Mt. Fuji, by Hokusai
5847:Some Thoughts on the Common Toad
5840:Second Thoughts on James Burnham
5541:Down and Out in Paris and London
4953:from the original on 18 May 2013
4751:George Orwell: A Life in Letters
4412:George Orwell, a personal memoir
4295:Eliot, Valery (6 January 1969).
4097:"Books of the day β Animal Farm"
1811:narrated, and the cast included
1250:due to its "political theories".
1209:Great Books of the Western World
394:Great Books of the Western World
6878:The Empress of Salt and Fortune
4688:Smothered Under Journalism 1946
4342:Firchow, Peter Edgerly (2008).
4221:. Sutherland House Publishing.
3354:Wojtas, Joe (2 February 2017).
3305:. 26 March 2013. Archived from
3264:from the original on 7 May 2022
3235:Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri (2013).
1905:Information Research Department
1857:Information Research Department
1526:, specifically referencing the
1488:in 1918, and the defeat of the
1480:has been said to represent the
1397:No animal shall sleep in a bed
1375:No animal shall sleep in a bed.
1362:The original commandments are:
1207:in 1996 and is included in the
1187:Information Research Department
1010:Information Research Department
412:. One night, the exalted boar,
392:in 1996 and is included in the
6312:Houston, Houston, Do You Read?
5756:Confessions of a Book Reviewer
5080:Menchhofer, Robert W. (1990).
5024:. BBC News. 11 November 2008.
4886:10.1080/00091383.1977.10569271
4850:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
4465:Hitchens, Christopher (2008).
4368:β historical context (pt 1/3)"
4239:George Orwell: A Literary Life
3329:"Animal Farm by George Orwell"
3250:Denham, Jess (21 April 2016).
2825:rosariomario (10 April 2011).
2015:s portrayal of Soviet history.
1404:No animal shall drink alcohol
1378:No animal shall drink alcohol.
852:by F. Le Gros and Ida Clark."
512:, the communist leader of the
429:
356:with the Soviet Union against
1:
6585:...Where Angels Fear to Tread
6246:The Queen of Air and Darkness
5763:Decline of the English Murder
4507:Meija, Jay (26 August 2002).
3814:Journal of Strategic Security
2931:George, Orwell (March 1947).
1859:, a secret department of the
1439:can be turned into malleable
1372:No animal shall wear clothes.
1119:The Times Literary Supplement
988:, who had initially accepted
260:of 1917 and then on into the
27:1945 novella by George Orwell
7118:Novels about totalitarianism
7113:Novels about revolutionaries
6766:The Man Who Bridged the Mist
6550:Seven Views of Olduvai Gorge
6258:The Word for World Is Forest
5826:The Prevention of Literature
5086:. Lorenz Educational Press.
5022:"The whitewashing of Stalin"
4126:. Little, Brown Book Group.
2006:slavery in the United States
1716:Birmingham Repertory Theatre
1214:Popular reading in schools,
732:during the Second World War.
550: β A small, white, fat
118:Print (hard & paperback)
32:Animal Farm (disambiguation)
6639:Fast Times at Fairmont High
6562:The Death of Captain Future
6270:The Girl Who Was Plugged In
5392:Pigs (Three Different Ones)
5151:Book Notes from Literapedia
5143:Project Gutenberg Australia
4364:"GCSE English Literature β
4165:Orwell, Politics, and Power
4041:Theatre Tours International
3827:10.5038/1944-0472.8.3S.1483
3651:. Penguin. pp. 77β78.
3102:Whitewashing of Stalin 2008
1855:were secretly hired by the
1557:Front row (left to right):
1341:the philosophy of Animalism
7204:
7163:Secker & Warburg books
7123:Novels adapted into comics
6902:Where the Drowned Girls Go
6890:A Psalm for the Wild-Built
6469:The Last of the Winnebagos
5812:The Politics of Starvation
5710:Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool
5615:Spilling the Spanish Beans
5498:Keep the Aspidistra Flying
5106:(1998), Greenhaven Press.
4805:I Belong to the Left: 1945
4730:Animal Farm: A Fairy Story
4581:Show On the Way to Darwen"
3858:"Animal Farm (1954, 1999)"
3623:Shostakovich : a life
2346:Grossman & Lacayo 2005
1695:toured a stage version of
1600:Russia's socialist destiny
1339:, not to be confused with
1323:
1091:complaining about British
1087:Orwell originally wrote a
877:sold poorly; after seeing
318:Animal Farm: A Fairy Story
71:Animal Farm: A Fairy Story
29:
7148:Novels set in East Sussex
6481:The Mountains of Mourning
6340:The Persistence of Vision
6190:Riders of the Purple Wage
6155:The Man Who Sold the Moon
6019:
5682:Raffles and Miss Blandish
5675:Poetry and the Microphone
5457:
4787:. Penguin Books Limited.
4242:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
3179:Literature Stack Exchange
2439:, p. 15, chapter II.
2125:
2001:White Acre vs. Black Acre
1910:Authoritarian personality
1447:Significance and allegory
1150:on 24 August 1945 called
906:exploit the proletariat.
759:The ducks β Unnamed.
44:
7063:British satirical novels
7058:British political novels
6709:All Seated on the Ground
6607:The Winds of Marble Arch
6527:Barnacle Bill the Spacer
6445:Gilgamesh in the Outback
6124:Antoine de Saint-ExupΓ©ry
5876:Such, Such Were the Joys
5668:The Lion and the Unicorn
5654:The Art of Donald McGill
5647:My Country Right or Left
5181:30 December 2009 at the
4808:. Penguin Random House.
4691:. Secker & Warburg.
4529:Meyers, Jeffrey (1975).
4486:Leab, Daniel J. (2007).
4408:Fyvel, Tosco R. (1982).
3995:"1946 Retro-Hugo Awards"
2633:"Animal Farm Characters"
1992:with a theme similar to
1851:and his writing partner
1594:, with its faith in the
1205:Retrospective Hugo Award
859:, which he described in
390:Retrospective Hugo Award
7133:Novels by George Orwell
7108:Novels about propaganda
6798:(No award given) (2015)
6538:Down in the Bottomlands
5833:Riding Down from Bangor
5198:International Socialism
5171:Literary Journal review
5103:Readings on Animal Farm
4823:Overy, Richard (1997).
4802:Orwell, George (2015).
4781:Orwell, George (2014).
4727:Orwell, George (2009).
4685:Orwell, George (2001).
4596:Orwell, George (1945).
4257:Davison, Peter (2000).
4215:Crick, Bernard (2019).
4162:Carr, Craig L. (2010).
4120:Bowker, Gordon (2013).
3620:Fay, Laurel E. (2000).
2488:Sparknotes " Literature
2251:Gcse English Literature
2163:, Penguin edition 1989
1608:MolotovβRibbentrop Pact
1395:
934:Ministry of Information
730:Russian Orthodox Church
638:MolotovβRibbentrop Pact
380:, and number 46 on the
304:"), and in his essay, β
5549:The Road to Wigan Pier
5490:A Clergyman's Daughter
5208:at the British Library
5156:7 January 2010 at the
5061:Bott, George (1968) .
4929:Soule, George (1946).
4389:The Hollywood Reporter
3888:The Hollywood Reporter
3647:Gessen, Masha (2018).
3409:Isn't Banned in China"
2500:Scheming Frederick how
1844:
1693:National Youth Theatre
1658:
1596:revolutionary vocation
1578:
1571:party Congress in 1927
1524:Battle of the Windmill
1460:
1418:All animals are equal
1384:All animals are equal.
1359:
1330:The Seven Commandments
1102:
1023:
908:
845:The Road to Wigan Pier
496: β An aged prize
344:
328:
299:
284:conflicts between the
6815:Every Heart a Doorway
6006:The Orwell Foundation
5731:Reflections on Gandhi
5724:Toward European Unity
5189:Animal Farm Revisited
5034:"Top 100 Best Novels"
4912:. Shmoop University.
4844:Rodden, John (1999).
4537:. Thames and Hudson.
4440:"All-Time 100 Novels"
4325:. Shmoop University.
4218:George Orwell: A Life
4141:Bynum, Helen (2012).
3649:The Future is History
2981:Shakespeare, Nicholas
2937:The Orwell Foundation
2775:10.1353/elh.2012.0025
1834:
1763:Psychological Warfare
1733:'s 2022/2023 season.
1721:The Russian composer
1656:
1556:
1516:Peter Edgerly Firchow
1478:Battle of the Cowshed
1454:
1353:
975:on 17 April 1944 for
824:would be inspired by
678:Stakhanovite movement
455:, as many, including
252:According to Orwell,
7153:Political literature
7103:Novels about animals
7073:Cattle in literature
6839:Artificial Condition
6486:Lois McMaster Bujold
6167:A Case of Conscience
5966:Eileen O'Shaughnessy
5912:Betrayal of the Left
5784:The Moon Under Water
5696:Notes on Nationalism
5661:England Your England
5608:Shooting an Elephant
5522:Nineteen Eighty-Four
4585:Lancashire Telegraph
4492:. Penn State Press.
4452:on 13 September 2008
4305:. UK. Archived from
4269:on 12 December 2006.
4236:Davison, P. (1996).
3574:, pp. 138, 311.
3063:Freedom of the Press
2385:The Hugo Awards 1996
2144:Telling the Russians
2128:La libertΓ di stampa
2114:Christopher Hitchens
2021:Nineteen Eighty-Four
2018:George Orwell's own
1947:, an album based on
1877:Orwell's Animal Farm
1798:Hugh Gordon Porteous
1788:Radio dramatisations
1731:Dutch National Opera
1669:, was staged at the
1528:Battle of Stalingrad
1279:In the same manner,
1006:included in his list
822:Nineteen Eighty-Four
798:Nineteen Eighty-Four
785:Nineteen Eighty-Four
725:established religion
642:Operation Barbarossa
274:democratic socialist
202:Nineteen Eighty-Four
7158:Roman Γ clef novels
7138:Novels set on farms
7028:1945 British novels
6983:Speculative fiction
6675:The Concrete Jungle
6579:George R. R. Martin
6574:Blood of the Dragon
6292:Home Is the Hangman
6285:George R. R. Martin
6234:Ill Met in Lankhmar
5961:Victor Gollancz Ltd
5749:Books v. Cigarettes
5703:The Sporting Spirit
5557:Homage to Catalonia
4968:The English Journal
4654:on 24 October 2005.
4587:. 25 January 2013.
4438:(16 October 2005).
3747:. 10 September 2021
2361:Modern Library 1998
2060:The Spanish Cockpit
1684:, premiered at the
1034:played a major part
875:Homage to Catalonia
862:Homage to Catalonia
621:February Revolution
571:Vladimir Mayakovsky
457:Boxer the workhorse
337:word for "bear", a
226:, in the form of a
67:Original title
51:First edition cover
41:
6778:The Emperor's Soul
6663:The Cookie Monster
6628:The Ultimate Earth
6504:The Hemingway Hoax
6195:Philip JosΓ© Farmer
6160:Robert A. Heinlein
6112:Robert A. Heinlein
6100:Robert A. Heinlein
5990:Why Orwell Matters
5956:Secker and Warburg
5717:The English People
5372:(Pink Floyd album)
4996:Taylor, David John
4949:. SparkNotes LLC.
4826:Why the Allies Won
4468:Why Orwell Matters
4309:on 15 October 2009
4103:. 24 August 1945.
3920:Real George Orwell
3720:shropshirestar.com
3446:on 29 October 2020
3309:on 4 December 2019
3164:, pp. 313β14.
2983:(24 August 2019).
2853:Literary Cavalcade
2239:12 Things You 2015
2191:It Is What I Think
2172:In the Preface to
2126:Orwell 1976 p. 25
2071:New English Weekly
1962:Gulliver's Travels
1845:
1794:Rayner Heppenstall
1723:Alexander Raskatov
1659:
1631:The Internationale
1579:
1461:
1360:
1358:and Donald Freeman
1326:Seven Laws of Noah
1230:John Birch Society
938:Secker and Warburg
816:Origin and writing
514:Russian Revolution
308:" (1946), wrote: "
258:Russian Revolution
102:, London, England)
100:Secker and Warburg
18:Seven Commandments
7143:Novels about pigs
7083:Novels about dogs
7068:Novels about cats
6928:
6927:
6783:Brandon Sanderson
6720:The Erdmann Nexus
6450:Robert Silverberg
6380:Gordon R. Dickson
6357:Barry B. Longyear
6317:James Tiptree Jr.
6303:By Any Other Name
6275:James Tiptree Jr.
6263:Ursula K. Le Guin
6217:Robert Silverberg
6136:Theodore Sturgeon
6119:The Little Prince
6028:
6027:
5951:Searchlight Books
5885:
5884:
5863:
5862:
5791:A Nice Cup of Tea
5601:Bookshop Memories
5567:
5566:
5506:Coming Up for Air
5417:
5416:
5072:978-0-435-13675-8
5063:Selected Writings
5013:978-0-8050-7473-4
4857:978-0-313-30201-5
4836:978-0-393-31619-3
4815:978-1-84655-944-0
4794:978-0-14-198060-7
4761:978-0-87140-462-6
4740:978-0-547-37022-4
4719:978-1-85725-214-9
4698:978-0-436-20556-9
4677:978-0-14-000838-8
4635:978-1-4193-6524-9
4544:978-0-500-15016-0
4499:978-0-271-02978-8
4478:978-0-7867-2589-2
4355:978-0-8132-1573-0
4287:978-0-521-67507-9
4249:978-0-230-37140-8
4228:978-1-9994395-0-7
4175:978-1-4411-5854-3
4133:978-1-4055-2805-4
4019:: Sixty Years On"
3633:978-0-19-513438-4
3479:, pp. 78β79.
3467:, pp. 48β49.
3335:. 21 January 2017
3211:Books of day 1945
2622:, pp. 11β63.
2610:, pp. 17β19.
2454:, pp. 186ff.
2083:Bradbury, Malcolm
2042:Explanatory notes
1990:WΕadysΕaw Reymont
1649:Stage productions
1619:Tehran Conference
1604:Treaty of Rapallo
1522:contend that the
1494:Russian Civil War
1457:hammer and sickle
1055:might illustrate
955:, where the poet
857:Spanish Civil War
498:Middle White boar
418:Beasts of England
290:Spanish Civil War
209:
208:
107:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
7195:
7088:Dystopian novels
7038:British novellas
7005:
7004:
7003:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6981:
6980:
6969:
6968:
6957:
6956:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6936:
6543:Harry Turtledove
6516:Beggars in Spain
6462:Orson Scott Card
6095:If This Goes Onβ
6055:
6048:
6041:
6032:
5777:How the Poor Die
5738:
5640:Inside the Whale
5576:
5471:
5444:
5437:
5430:
5421:
5378:Pigs on the Wing
5236:
5229:
5222:
5213:
5100:O'Neill, Terry,
5097:
5076:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5029:
5017:
5005:
5002:Orwell: The Life
4991:
4980:10.2307/30047391
4962:
4960:
4958:
4942:
4935:The New Republic
4925:
4923:
4921:
4905:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4840:
4819:
4798:
4777:
4765:
4744:
4723:
4702:
4681:
4655:
4650:. Archived from
4639:
4627:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4592:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4548:
4536:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4503:
4482:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4448:. Archived from
4427:
4423:978-0-02542040-3
4415:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4379:
4359:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4291:
4270:
4265:. Archived from
4253:
4232:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4158:
4154:978-0-19954205-5
4137:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4076:978-1-60413582-4
4056:
4054:
4052:
4043:. Archived from
4032:
4010:
4008:
4006:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3981:. 17 August 2015
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3862:Lozier Institute
3854:
3848:
3847:
3829:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3745:whatsonstage.com
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3711:
3705:
3697:
3691:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3548:
3542:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3440:The Policy Times
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3295:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3255:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3171:
3165:
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3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
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3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2988:
2977:
2968:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2880:
2869:
2868:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2629:
2623:
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2587:
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2520:
2514:
2503:
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2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2409:
2408:
2405:Prodigal no more
2397:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2193:
2183:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2157:
2151:
2148:New Russian Wind
2137:
2131:
2123:
2117:
2110:
2104:
2101:, 17 August 2024
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2051:
2014:
1780:is directing an
1686:Traverse Theatre
1671:National Theatre
1532:Battle of Moscow
1502:Kronstadt revolt
1498:Dwight Macdonald
1138:The New Republic
1026:Frederic Warburg
996:spy. Writing to
884:Darkness at Noon
881:'s best-selling
826:Yevgeny Zamyatin
777:George Orwell's
699:Morris Dickstein
674:Alexey Stakhanov
617:Tsar Nicholas II
593:Nikolai Bukharin
585:Grigory Zinoviev
467:for themselves.
354:wartime alliance
347:
339:symbol of Russia
331:
302:
197:Followed by
184:Preceded by
175:
149:
98:17 August 1945 (
89:Political satire
49:
42:
21:
7203:
7202:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7192:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7001:
6999:
6989:
6987:
6975:
6963:
6951:
6941:
6939:
6931:
6929:
6924:
6865:
6827:All Systems Red
6741:
6632:Jack Williamson
6616:
6491:
6387:The Saturn Game
6362:
6333:Jeanne Robinson
6329:Spider Robinson
6307:Spider Robinson
6223:Ship of Shadows
6177:
6083:Who Goes There?
6068:
6059:
6029:
6024:
6015:
5934:
5928:Critical Essays
5881:
5859:
5736:
5620:
5563:
5528:
5462:
5453:
5448:
5418:
5413:
5357:
5318:
5302:
5251:
5240:
5183:Wayback Machine
5158:Wayback Machine
5121:
5094:
5079:
5073:
5060:
5057:
5055:Further reading
5052:
5043:
5041:
5032:
5020:
5014:
4994:
4965:
4956:
4954:
4945:
4928:
4919:
4917:
4908:
4871:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4843:
4837:
4829:. W.W. Norton.
4822:
4816:
4801:
4795:
4780:
4772:. BBC Radio 4.
4768:
4762:
4747:
4741:
4726:
4720:
4705:
4699:
4684:
4678:
4658:
4642:
4636:
4616:
4607:
4605:
4595:
4575:
4566:
4564:
4551:
4545:
4528:
4519:
4517:
4506:
4500:
4485:
4479:
4471:. Basic Books.
4464:
4455:
4453:
4436:Lacayo, Richard
4430:
4424:
4407:
4398:
4396:
4382:
4362:
4356:
4341:
4332:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4310:
4294:
4288:
4273:
4256:
4250:
4235:
4229:
4214:
4205:
4203:
4189:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4161:
4155:
4140:
4134:
4119:
4110:
4108:
4095:
4086:
4084:
4077:
4059:
4050:
4048:
4047:on 30 June 2009
4035:
4013:
4004:
4002:
3999:The Hugo Awards
3993:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3969:
3967:General sources
3964:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3930:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3890:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3777:. 29 March 2022
3765:
3764:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3694:
3682:
3678:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3582:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3558:
3551:
3543:
3536:
3532:, pp. 6β7.
3528:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3504:
3495:
3487:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3382:The Independent
3379:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3297:
3296:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3258:The Independent
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3221:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2900:
2882:
2881:
2872:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2811:Financial Times
2803:
2802:
2798:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2614:
2608:Sutherland 2005
2606:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2583:Films on Demand
2577:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2552:
2544:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2450:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2427:, pp. 5ff.
2423:
2412:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2373:"The Big Read".
2371:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2120:
2111:
2107:
2093:
2089:
2085:, Introduction
2081:
2077:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2030:totalitarianism
2026:dystopian novel
2012:
1957:
1901:
1873:
1829:
1790:
1739:
1725:has written an
1667:Adrian Mitchell
1663:Richard Peaslee
1651:
1646:
1575:Isaac Deutscher
1548:Arthur Koestler
1506:five-year plans
1482:allied invasion
1449:
1428:anthropomorphic
1424:
1333:
1322:
1317:
1195:magazine chose
1133:
1093:self-censorship
1085:
1017:dictatorships.
978:Partisan Review
953:Faber and Faber
925:
920:
912:V-1 flying bomb
879:Arthur Koestler
818:
813:
775:
773:Genre and style
712:
662:
609:
490:
485:
449:blasting powder
402:
388:poll. It won a
362:Victor Gollancz
245:of a pig named
236:anthropomorphic
164:
115:Media type
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7201:
7199:
7191:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7093:English novels
7090:
7085:
7080:
7078:Censored books
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7009:
6997:
6985:
6973:
6961:
6949:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6910:
6907:Seanan McGuire
6898:
6895:Becky Chambers
6886:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6856:Amal El-Mohtar
6847:
6835:
6823:
6820:Seanan McGuire
6811:
6808:Nnedi Okorafor
6799:
6796:
6793:Charles Stross
6786:
6774:
6762:
6749:
6747:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6736:Charles Stross
6727:
6717:
6705:
6698:A Billion Eves
6695:
6683:
6680:Charles Stross
6671:
6659:
6647:
6635:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6604:
6592:
6582:
6570:
6558:
6546:
6534:
6531:Lucius Shepard
6524:
6512:
6499:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6477:
6465:
6453:
6441:
6429:
6417:
6407:
6395:
6383:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6348:
6336:
6320:
6300:
6288:
6281:A Song for Lya
6278:
6266:
6254:
6242:
6230:
6220:
6208:
6205:Anne McCaffrey
6185:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6163:
6151:
6139:
6127:
6115:
6103:
6091:
6078:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6060:
6058:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6035:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5924:
5916:
5908:
5905:London Letters
5901:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5798:Pleasure Spots
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5744:
5742:
5735:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5689:Good Bad Books
5685:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5633:Boys' Weeklies
5628:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5582:
5580:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5553:
5545:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5518:
5510:
5502:
5494:
5486:
5477:
5475:
5468:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5424:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5365:
5363:
5362:Inspired music
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5201:
5185:
5173:
5168:
5160:
5145:
5134:
5120:
5119:External links
5117:
5116:
5115:
5098:
5093:978-0787780616
5092:
5077:
5071:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5038:Modern Library
5030:
5018:
5012:
4992:
4963:
4943:
4926:
4906:
4869:
4856:
4841:
4835:
4820:
4814:
4799:
4793:
4778:
4766:
4760:
4745:
4739:
4724:
4718:
4703:
4697:
4682:
4676:
4660:Orwell, George
4656:
4646:(March 1947).
4644:Orwell, George
4640:
4634:
4618:Orwell, George
4614:
4593:
4573:
4549:
4543:
4526:
4514:Literary Kicks
4504:
4498:
4483:
4477:
4462:
4428:
4422:
4405:
4380:
4360:
4354:
4339:
4319:
4292:
4286:
4271:
4254:
4248:
4233:
4227:
4212:
4187:
4174:
4159:
4153:
4138:
4132:
4117:
4093:
4075:
4057:
4033:
4011:
3991:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3936:
3924:
3912:
3910:, p. 112.
3900:
3874:
3849:
3820:(5): 149β161.
3800:
3788:
3758:
3732:
3706:
3692:
3676:
3674:, p. 341.
3664:
3657:
3639:
3632:
3612:
3600:
3598:, p. 138.
3588:
3586:, p. 135.
3576:
3564:
3562:, p. 142.
3549:
3547:, p. 135.
3545:Dickstein 2007
3534:
3522:
3520:, p. 450.
3510:
3508:, p. 334.
3493:
3491:, p. 249.
3481:
3469:
3457:
3427:
3395:
3372:
3346:
3333:Banned Library
3320:
3275:
3242:
3227:
3225:, p. 253.
3215:
3203:
3191:
3166:
3154:
3152:, p. 123.
3142:
3140:, p. 139.
3130:
3118:
3116:, p. 337.
3106:
3091:
3089:, p. 231.
3079:
3067:
3048:
3031:Ham & High
3017:
3015:, p. 297.
3005:
2969:
2954:
2923:
2911:
2898:
2885:Signet Classic
2870:
2843:
2817:
2796:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2714:
2703:
2701:, p. 122.
2691:
2679:
2677:, p. 236.
2667:
2665:, p. 141.
2663:Dickstein 2007
2650:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2567:
2565:, p. 161.
2550:
2548:, p. 102.
2533:
2521:
2519:, p. 141.
2504:
2492:
2480:
2476:Fall of Mister
2468:
2456:
2441:
2429:
2410:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2350:
2335:
2333:, p. 134.
2331:Dickstein 2007
2323:
2308:
2296:
2279:
2277:, p. 235.
2267:
2255:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2178:
2165:
2152:
2132:
2118:
2105:
2087:
2075:
2073:, 29 July 1937
2055:Franz Borkenau
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2016:
1997:
1987:Nobel laureate
1974:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1872:
1869:
1861:Foreign Office
1837:Foreign Office
1828:
1825:
1789:
1786:
1775:
1774:
1766:
1755:E. Howard Hunt
1738:
1735:
1712:Bunny Christie
1710:, designed by
1665:and lyrics by
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1544:Katyn Massacre
1490:White Russians
1448:
1445:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1394:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1132:
1129:
1084:
1081:
1073:Ralph Steadman
1002:Peter Smollett
984:The publisher
936:. Eventually,
924:
921:
919:
916:
817:
814:
812:
809:
774:
771:
770:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
753:
752:such luxuries.
749:
741:
733:
720:
717:
711:
708:
707:
706:
692:
689:
685:
661:
658:
657:
656:
649:
645:
629:
608:
605:
604:
603:
600:
577:
574:
566:
545:
535:
521:
510:Vladimir Lenin
489:
486:
484:
481:
401:
398:
207:
206:
198:
194:
193:
185:
181:
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177:
169:
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143:
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132:
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110:United Kingdom
108:
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96:
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78:
74:
73:
68:
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63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7200:
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7018:
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6998:
6996:
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6979:
6974:
6972:
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6960:
6955:
6950:
6948:
6938:
6934:
6920:
6919:T. Kingfisher
6916:
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6908:
6904:
6903:
6899:
6896:
6892:
6891:
6887:
6884:
6880:
6879:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6868:
6861:
6860:Max Gladstone
6857:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6845:
6841:
6840:
6836:
6833:
6829:
6828:
6824:
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6809:
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6755:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6737:
6733:
6732:
6728:
6725:
6721:
6718:
6715:
6714:Connie Willis
6711:
6710:
6706:
6703:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6692:Connie Willis
6689:
6688:
6684:
6681:
6677:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6665:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6653:
6652:
6648:
6645:
6641:
6640:
6636:
6633:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6612:
6611:Connie Willis
6608:
6605:
6602:
6598:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6564:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6540:
6539:
6535:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6474:Connie Willis
6471:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6459:
6458:
6454:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6438:Roger Zelazny
6435:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6423:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6410:Cascade Point
6408:
6405:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6392:Poul Anderson
6389:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6377:
6376:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6358:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6341:
6337:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6297:Roger Zelazny
6294:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6251:Poul Anderson
6248:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6224:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6209:
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6201:
6196:
6192:
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6184:
6180:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6148:George Orwell
6145:
6144:
6140:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6128:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6088:Don A. Stuart
6085:
6084:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6056:
6051:
6049:
6044:
6042:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6023:
6018:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5987:
5985:
5984:
5983:Eric & Us
5980:
5977:
5976:Orwell's list
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5909:
5907:" (1941β1946)
5906:
5902:
5900:" (1943β1947)
5899:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5877:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5732:
5728:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5456:
5452:
5451:George Orwell
5445:
5440:
5438:
5433:
5431:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5354:
5353:Upcoming film
5351:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5243:George Orwell
5237:
5232:
5230:
5225:
5223:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5194:John Molyneux
5191:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5004:
5003:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4880:(11): 11β63.
4879:
4875:
4870:
4859:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4733:. HMH Books.
4732:
4731:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4669:
4668:Penguin Books
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4619:
4615:
4603:
4599:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4553:"Norman Pett"
4550:
4546:
4540:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4484:
4480:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4463:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4432:Grossman, Lev
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:. MacMillan.
4414:
4413:
4406:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4348:. CUA Press.
4347:
4346:
4340:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4263:Penguin Books
4260:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4234:
4230:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4213:
4201:
4197:
4196:The Telegraph
4193:
4188:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4166:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4123:George Orwell
4118:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4061:Bloom, Harold
4058:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4037:"Animal Farm"
4034:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4024:History Today
4020:
4018:
4012:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3901:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3875:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3759:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3658:9781594634543
3654:
3650:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3373:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3347:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3246:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3006:
2994:
2993:
2992:The Spectator
2987:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2844:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2769:(3): 655β83.
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2747:, p. 25.
2746:
2741:
2738:
2735:, p. 52.
2734:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2722:The Holodomor
2718:
2715:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2689:, p. 35.
2688:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2601:
2598:, p. 12.
2597:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2579:"Animal Farm"
2574:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2466:, p. 11.
2465:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2452:Hitchens 2008
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2306:, p. 10.
2305:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2265:, p. 23.
2264:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:According to
2109:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2066:Time and Tide
2062:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1815:as Napoleon,
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1682:Guy Masterson
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1636:According to
1634:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1615:rapprochement
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:JΓ³zef Czapski
1537:
1534:, represents
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:Peter Davison
1517:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:Soviet Russia
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1430:. This is an
1429:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1413:without cause
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1166:Julian Symons
1163:
1162:
1158:, writing in
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1114:Bernard Crick
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:Quentin Blake
1066:
1065:Folio Society
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1036:in defeating
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:Leonard Moore
995:
991:
987:
986:Jonathan Cape
982:
980:
979:
974:
973:London Letter
970:
966:
965:AndrΓ© Deutsch
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
922:
917:
915:
913:
907:
902:
899:
897:
892:
890:
889:Moscow Trials
886:
885:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
863:
858:
853:
851:
847:
846:
841:
837:
833:
832:
827:
823:
815:
810:
808:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:
780:
772:
767:
764:
761:
758:
754:
750:
747:
742:
739:
734:
731:
726:
721:
718:
714:
713:
710:Other animals
709:
704:
700:
696:
693:
690:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:
663:
659:
654:
650:
646:
643:
639:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
611:
610:
606:
601:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
572:
567:
564:
562:
557:
553:
549:
546:
543:
539:
536:
533:
532:Joseph Stalin
529:
525:
522:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
492:
491:
487:
482:
480:
478:
477:ace of spades
472:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:at great cost
450:
445:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
346:
340:
336:
332:
330:
324:
320:
319:
313:
311:
307:
303:
301:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:Joseph Stalin
267:
263:
262:Stalinist era
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
237:
233:
232:George Orwell
229:
225:
222:
219:
215:
214:
205:
203:
199:
195:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
176:
174:LC Class
170:
166:
163:
162:Dewey Decimal
158:
155:
152:
150:
144:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
62:
61:George Orwell
59:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
7007:Soviet Union
6912:
6900:
6888:
6876:
6870:2021βpresent
6849:
6844:Martha Wells
6837:
6832:Martha Wells
6825:
6813:
6801:
6788:
6776:
6764:
6752:
6729:
6719:
6707:
6697:
6685:
6673:
6668:Vernor Vinge
6661:
6649:
6644:Vernor Vinge
6637:
6627:
6606:
6594:
6589:Allen Steele
6584:
6572:
6567:Allen Steele
6560:
6555:Mike Resnick
6548:
6536:
6526:
6514:
6509:Joe Haldeman
6502:
6479:
6467:
6455:
6443:
6431:
6419:
6414:Timothy Zahn
6409:
6397:
6385:
6373:
6350:
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6322:
6310:
6302:
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6280:
6268:
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6244:
6239:Fritz Leiber
6232:
6227:Fritz Leiber
6222:
6210:
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6188:
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6153:
6142:
6141:
6129:
6117:
6105:
6093:
6081:
6066:Best Novella
6021:
6001:Orwell Prize
5996:Orwell Award
5988:
5981:
5971:Sonia Orwell
5926:
5918:
5910:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5520:
5513:
5512:
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5496:
5488:
5482:Burmese Days
5480:
5460:Bibliography
5369:
5341:Poshu Khamar
5339:
5247:
5246:
5204:
5197:
5188:
5164:
5148:
5137:
5125:
5101:
5082:
5062:
5042:. Retrieved
5037:
5001:
4974:(1): 17β19.
4971:
4967:
4955:. Retrieved
4934:
4918:. Retrieved
4877:
4873:
4861:. Retrieved
4846:
4825:
4804:
4783:
4750:
4729:
4712:. Timewell.
4708:
4687:
4663:
4652:the original
4623:
4606:. Retrieved
4584:
4578:
4565:. Retrieved
4556:
4532:
4518:. Retrieved
4512:
4488:
4467:
4454:. Retrieved
4450:the original
4443:
4411:
4397:. Retrieved
4388:
4365:
4344:
4331:. Retrieved
4311:. Retrieved
4307:the original
4300:
4276:
4267:the original
4238:
4217:
4204:. Retrieved
4195:
4179:. Retrieved
4164:
4143:
4122:
4109:. Retrieved
4101:The Guardian
4100:
4085:. Retrieved
4065:
4049:. Retrieved
4045:the original
4040:
4022:
4016:
4003:. Retrieved
3998:
3983:. Retrieved
3978:
3952:. Retrieved
3948:
3939:
3927:
3915:
3903:
3891:. Retrieved
3887:
3877:
3865:. Retrieved
3861:
3852:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3796:Chilton 2016
3791:
3779:. Retrieved
3774:
3768:
3761:
3749:. Retrieved
3744:
3735:
3723:. Retrieved
3719:
3709:
3700:
3695:
3685:
3679:
3667:
3648:
3642:
3622:
3615:
3610:, p. 7.
3603:
3591:
3579:
3567:
3525:
3513:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3450:23 September
3448:. Retrieved
3444:the original
3439:
3430:
3418:. Retrieved
3414:The Atlantic
3412:
3406:
3398:
3381:
3375:
3363:. Retrieved
3359:
3349:
3337:. Retrieved
3332:
3323:
3311:. Retrieved
3307:the original
3302:
3266:. Retrieved
3257:
3245:
3236:
3230:
3218:
3206:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3178:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3128:, p. 3.
3121:
3109:
3082:
3070:
3039:. Retrieved
3030:
3020:
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2990:
2945:. Retrieved
2936:
2926:
2914:
2901:
2884:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2834:. Retrieved
2830:
2820:
2809:
2799:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2717:
2706:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2641:. Retrieved
2636:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2582:
2563:Davison 1996
2546:Firchow 2008
2524:
2495:
2483:
2471:
2459:
2432:
2404:
2380:
2368:
2326:
2316:
2311:
2299:
2292:Davison 2000
2270:
2258:
2246:
2234:
2222:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2140:Struve, Gleb
2135:
2127:
2121:
2108:
2099:The Guardian
2098:
2090:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2049:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1993:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1960:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1876:
1874:
1864:
1846:
1840:
1821:Ralph Ineson
1813:Nicky Henson
1809:Tamsin Greig
1802:
1791:
1776:
1769:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1720:
1705:
1701:Soulton Hall
1697:Animal Farm;
1696:
1690:
1679:
1660:
1638:Masha Gessen
1635:
1628:
1612:
1580:
1536:World War II
1523:
1514:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1387:
1361:
1334:
1299:
1295:
1290:The Atlantic
1288:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1159:
1151:
1147:The Guardian
1145:
1144:
1136:
1134:
1124:
1117:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1086:
1076:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1038:Adolf Hitler
1032:, which had
1024:
1019:
1015:
989:
983:
976:
972:
968:
945:World War II
942:
929:
926:
909:
904:
900:
893:
882:
874:
866:
860:
854:
849:
843:
839:
835:
829:
821:
819:
804:
802:
797:
793:
783:
778:
776:
738:propagandist
702:
653:paraffin wax
634:cockfighting
597:Alexei Rykov
559:
556:nomenklatura
542:Leon Trotsky
473:
469:
446:
434:
403:
400:Plot summary
386:The Big Read
371:
370:
358:Nazi Germany
351:
342:
326:
317:
316:
314:
309:
297:
293:
272:. Orwell, a
266:Soviet Union
253:
251:
243:dictatorship
239:farm animals
212:
211:
210:
200:
187:
138:
135:
70:
40:Animal Farm
36:
7023:Animal Farm
6771:Kij Johnson
6724:Nancy Kress
6702:Robert Reed
6656:Neil Gaiman
6521:Nancy Kress
6457:Eye for Eye
6426:John Varley
6421:Press Enter
6404:Joanna Russ
6375:Lost Dorsai
6345:John Varley
6200:Weyr Search
6172:James Blish
6143:Animal Farm
6074:Retro Hugos
5898:As I Please
5890:Collections
5854:Why I Write
5514:Animal Farm
5344:(2006 play)
5323:Adaptations
5248:Animal Farm
5205:Animal Farm
5200:, 44 (1989)
5165:Animal Farm
5149:Animal Farm
5138:Animal Farm
5126:Animal Farm
5083:Animal Farm
5044:23 February
5006:. H. Holt.
4784:Why I Write
4666:. England:
4664:Animal Farm
4624:Animal Farm
4608:22 February
4579:Animal Farm
4557:lambiek.net
4520:16 February
4366:Animal Farm
4261:. England:
4017:Animal Farm
4005:23 February
3932:Norman Pett
3908:Orwell 2013
3769:Animal Farm
3701:Animal Farm
3672:Orwell 2013
3596:Meyers 1975
3584:Meyers 1975
3572:Meyers 1975
3560:Meyers 1975
3506:Orwell 2013
3489:Meyers 1975
3465:Rodden 1999
3365:21 February
3339:15 December
3313:26 November
3268:15 December
3223:Orwell 2015
3162:Orwell 2015
3150:Orwell 2001
3114:Taylor 2003
3087:Orwell 2013
2998:20 December
2965:Orwell 1947
2919:Orwell 2009
2836:26 November
2759:Animal Farm
2745:Orwell 2009
2733:Orwell 2009
2699:Meyers 1975
2687:Orwell 2009
2675:Orwell 2006
2596:Rodden 1999
2517:Meyers 1975
2464:Rodden 1999
2437:Orwell 1979
2425:Rodden 1999
2317:Animal Farm
2304:Orwell 2014
2275:Bowker 2013
2263:Orwell 2014
2187:Animal Farm
2174:Animal Farm
2161:Animal Farm
2010:Animal Farm
2008:similar to
1994:Animal Farm
1971:Animal Farm
1949:Animal Farm
1937:Animal Farm
1935:Anthems in
1865:Animal Farm
1863:, to adapt
1853:Don Freeman
1849:Norman Pett
1843:comic strip
1841:Animal Farm
1827:Comic strip
1805:BBC Radio 4
1778:Andy Serkis
1770:Animal Farm
1750:Animal Farm
1742:Animal Farm
1708:Robert Icke
1644:Adaptations
1510:show trials
1399:with sheets
1356:Norman Pett
1300:Animal Farm
1285:Animal Farm
1281:Animal Farm
1273:Animal Farm
1266:Animal Farm
1255:Animal Farm
1248:Animal Farm
1241:Animal Farm
1234:Animal Farm
1222:Animal Farm
1216:Animal Farm
1211:selection.
1203:. It won a
1197:Animal Farm
1179:Animal Farm
1175:Animal Farm
1156:Tosco Fyvel
1152:Animal Farm
1125:Animal Farm
1077:Animal Farm
1061:Animal Farm
1057:Animal Farm
1046:Animal Farm
990:Animal Farm
969:Animal Farm
957:T. S. Eliot
930:Animal Farm
918:Publication
867:Animal Farm
840:Animal Farm
836:Animal Farm
805:Animal Farm
794:Animal Farm
779:Animal Farm
703:Animal Farm
670:shire horse
589:Lev Kamenev
581:Great Purge
563:(The Truth)
552:large white
396:selection.
310:Animal Farm
306:Why I Write
294:Animal Farm
254:Animal Farm
228:beast fable
221:allegorical
213:Animal Farm
179:PZ3.O793 An
167:823/.912 20
7017:Categories
6914:Thornhedge
6759:Ted Chiang
6731:Palimpsest
6687:Inside Job
6352:Enemy Mine
6212:Nightwings
6131:Killdozer!
6062:Hugo Award
5533:Nonfiction
5348:2023 opera
5293:Pilkington
5256:Characters
5131:Faded Page
5112:1565106512
4206:27 October
4051:2 February
3954:18 October
3893:19 January
3781:8 December
3751:29 January
3518:Crick 2019
3390:2055087191
3199:Soule 1946
3138:Fyvel 1982
3075:Eliot 1969
3041:19 October
3013:Overy 1997
2893:2137893954
2643:7 December
2637:SparkNotes
2620:Roper 1977
2529:Bloom 2009
2227:Bynum 2012
2215:Meija 2002
2037:References
1871:Video game
1823:as Boxer.
1817:Toby Jones
1675:Peter Hall
1592:Trotskyism
1584:in Hungary
1441:propaganda
1435:political
971:". In his
961:Trotskyite
923:Publishing
887:about the
811:Background
625:Bolsheviks
483:Characters
406:Willingdon
6995:Communism
6746:2011β2020
6621:2001β2010
6601:Greg Egan
6496:1991β2000
6367:1981β1990
6324:Stardance
6182:1968β1980
5946:Orwellian
5594:The Spike
5587:A Hanging
5335:1999 film
5330:1954 film
5298:Mr. Jones
5263:Old Major
4894:0009-1383
4662:(1979) .
4577:"One man
4456:31 August
4399:26 August
4302:The Times
3985:16 August
3844:145306291
3836:1944-0464
3775:OperaWire
3608:Leab 2007
3530:Leab 2007
3477:Carr 2010
3420:15 August
3126:Leab 2007
2865:210475382
2859:: 20β26.
2814:. London.
2791:143828269
2783:1080-6547
2199:Citations
1930:New class
1925:Ideocracy
1847:In 1950,
1466:that kind
1406:to excess
1337:Communism
1320:Animalism
1131:Reception
1110:Ian Angus
1108:In 1972,
1053:David Low
871:Stalinist
746:Holodomor
728:back the
716:politics.
613:Mr. Jones
528:Berkshire
506:Karl Marx
494:Old Major
430:Animalism
414:Old Major
410:Mr. Jones
278:Stalinism
218:satirical
95:Published
7033:Allegory
6651:Coraline
5878:" (1952)
5856:" (1946)
5849:" (1946)
5842:" (1946)
5835:" (1946)
5828:" (1946)
5821:" (1946)
5814:" (1946)
5807:" (1946)
5800:" (1946)
5793:" (1946)
5786:" (1946)
5779:" (1946)
5772:" (1946)
5765:" (1946)
5758:" (1946)
5751:" (1946)
5733:" (1949)
5726:" (1947)
5719:" (1947)
5712:" (1947)
5705:" (1945)
5698:" (1945)
5691:" (1945)
5684:" (1944)
5677:" (1943)
5670:" (1941)
5663:" (1941)
5656:" (1941)
5649:" (1940)
5642:" (1940)
5635:" (1940)
5617:" (1937)
5610:" (1936)
5603:" (1936)
5596:" (1931)
5589:" (1931)
5307:Concepts
5288:Benjamin
5278:Squealer
5273:Snowball
5268:Napoleon
5179:Archived
5154:Archived
5133:(Canada)
5026:Archived
4998:(2003).
4988:30047391
4951:Archived
4939:Archived
4914:Archived
4902:40176954
4774:Archived
4620:(1946).
4602:Archived
4589:Archived
4561:Archived
4393:Archived
4376:Archived
4327:Archived
4200:Archived
4105:Archived
4081:Archived
4063:(2009).
4029:Archived
3684:One man
3386:ProQuest
3262:Archived
3035:Archived
2941:Archived
2889:ProQuest
2861:ProQuest
1899:See also
1624:Cold War
1563:Skrypnyk
1530:and the
1345:allusion
1315:Analysis
1308:Shanghai
1304:Shenzhen
1030:Red Army
949:Gollancz
820:Just as
790:Swiftian
695:Benjamin
548:Squealer
538:Snowball
524:Napoleon
437:Squealer
426:Napoleon
422:Snowball
366:Cold War
282:May Days
247:Napoleon
77:Language
6947:England
6933:Portals
6883:Nghi Vo
6596:Oceanic
5939:Related
5474:Fiction
5408:Piggies
5370:Animals
5314:Anthems
4313:8 April
4111:17 July
3867:22 June
3725:23 June
3360:The Day
3184:6 March
2947:6 March
2585:. 2014.
2319:: Sixty
1944:Animals
1893:Android
1881:Windows
1588:Germany
1492:in the
1170:Tribune
1161:Tribune
1089:preface
1083:Preface
943:During
682:knacker
660:Equines
502:showing
461:knacker
264:of the
224:novella
154:3655473
80:English
6971:Novels
6921:(2024)
6909:(2023)
6897:(2022)
6885:(2021)
6862:(2020)
6846:(2019)
6834:(2018)
6822:(2017)
6810:(2016)
6795:(2014)
6789:Equoid
6785:(2013)
6773:(2012)
6761:(2011)
6738:(2010)
6726:(2009)
6716:(2008)
6704:(2007)
6694:(2006)
6682:(2005)
6670:(2004)
6658:(2003)
6646:(2002)
6634:(2001)
6613:(2000)
6603:(1999)
6591:(1998)
6581:(1997)
6569:(1996)
6557:(1995)
6545:(1994)
6533:(1993)
6523:(1992)
6511:(1991)
6488:(1990)
6476:(1989)
6464:(1988)
6452:(1987)
6440:(1986)
6428:(1985)
6416:(1984)
6406:(1983)
6394:(1982)
6382:(1981)
6359:(1980)
6347:(1979)
6335:(1978)
6319:(1977)
6299:(1976)
6287:(1975)
6277:(1974)
6265:(1973)
6253:(1972)
6241:(1971)
6229:(1970)
6219:(1969)
6207:(1968)
6174:(1954)
6162:(1951)
6150:(1946)
6138:(1945)
6126:(1944)
6114:(1943)
6102:(1941)
6090:(1939)
6022:Portal
6011:Statue
5978:(1949)
5931:(1946)
5923:(1940)
5915:(1941)
5572:Essays
5560:(1938)
5552:(1937)
5544:(1933)
5525:(1949)
5517:(1945)
5509:(1939)
5501:(1936)
5493:(1935)
5485:(1934)
5467:Novels
5110:
5090:
5069:
5040:. 1998
5010:
4986:
4957:13 May
4920:13 May
4900:
4892:
4874:Change
4863:9 June
4854:
4833:
4812:
4791:
4758:
4737:
4716:
4695:
4674:
4632:
4541:
4496:
4475:
4420:
4352:
4333:13 May
4284:
4246:
4225:
4181:9 June
4172:
4151:
4130:
4087:13 May
4073:
4001:. 1996
3842:
3834:
3686:Animal
3655:
3630:
3388:
2891:
2863:
2789:
2781:
2639:. 2007
2028:about
1983:Revolt
1879:, for
1567:Stalin
1565:, and
1476:. The
1432:ironic
994:Soviet
688:again.
607:Humans
595:, and
561:Pravda
465:whisky
323:Telugu
204:
191:
131:Awards
57:Author
6959:Books
6803:Binti
6399:Souls
6107:Waldo
5868:1950s
5625:1940s
5579:1930s
5399:Sheep
5283:Boxer
4984:JSTOR
4898:JSTOR
4567:8 May
3979:Metro
3840:S2CID
3405:"Why
2787:S2CID
2024:is a
2013:'
1967:Swift
1955:Books
1885:macOS
1737:Films
1727:opera
1559:Rykov
1437:dogma
1100:fact.
1042:Posev
666:Boxer
441:purge
335:Latin
230:, by
216:is a
123:Pages
85:Genre
6858:and
6331:and
6064:for
5741:1946
5385:Dogs
5108:ISBN
5088:ISBN
5067:ISBN
5046:2019
5008:ISBN
4959:2013
4922:2013
4890:ISSN
4865:2012
4852:ISBN
4831:ISBN
4810:ISBN
4789:ISBN
4756:ISBN
4735:ISBN
4714:ISBN
4693:ISBN
4672:ISBN
4630:ISBN
4610:2019
4569:2018
4539:ISBN
4522:2019
4494:ISBN
4473:ISBN
4458:2008
4445:Time
4418:ISBN
4401:2013
4350:ISBN
4335:2013
4315:2009
4282:ISBN
4244:ISBN
4223:ISBN
4208:2016
4183:2012
4170:ISBN
4149:ISBN
4128:ISBN
4113:2016
4089:2013
4071:ISBN
4053:2013
4007:2019
3987:2018
3956:2020
3895:2023
3869:2024
3832:ISSN
3783:2022
3753:2022
3727:2021
3688:2013
3653:ISBN
3628:ISBN
3452:2020
3422:2020
3407:1984
3367:2021
3341:2019
3315:2019
3270:2019
3186:2021
3043:2020
3000:2022
2949:2021
2838:2019
2779:ISSN
2645:2019
1978:Bunt
1891:and
1586:and
1518:and
1298:and
1296:1984
1228:The
1193:Time
796:and
640:and
488:Pigs
424:and
373:Time
286:POUM
148:OCLC
6917:by
6905:by
6893:by
6881:by
6854:by
6842:by
6830:by
6818:by
6806:by
6791:by
6781:by
6769:by
6757:by
6734:by
6722:by
6712:by
6700:by
6690:by
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6666:by
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5141:at
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4976:doi
4882:doi
4372:BBC
3822:doi
2771:doi
2763:ELH
2761:".
2063:in
2057:'s
1889:iOS
1761:'s
1759:CIA
1484:of
1306:or
1302:in
896:BBC
828:'s
583:of
384:'s
382:BBC
7019::
6309:/
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5036:.
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4937:.
4933:.
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4876:.
4670:.
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4555:.
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4442:.
4434:;
4391:.
4387:.
4374:.
4370:.
4299:.
4198:.
4194:.
4099:.
4079:.
4039:.
4027:.
4021:.
3997:.
3977:.
3947:.
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