156:
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1064:", the most restrictive category. Following reclassification this basic pattern was reversed, with 13% of adults and 22% of juveniles placed in Tier 1, 31% of adults and 32% of juveniles placed in Tier 2, and 55% of adults and 46% of juveniles placed in the highest and most restrictive Tier 3. 41% of adults and 43% of juveniles previously in lowest category and 59% of adults and 45% of juveniles who were not previously registered at all were assigned to Tier 3.
50:
854:
even prisoners who have never been previously charged with or convicted of a sex crime may be civilly committed after completing their entire prison sentence. Prior to
Supreme Court Review, the federal Circuit courts were split on the question of whether Congress had the authority to enact this provision. On May 17, 2010, the Supreme Court upheld the law, and ruled in
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beneficiary including
Certified evaluations by psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, or clinical social workers that attest to the degree of the petitionerâs rehabilitation or behavior modification; such evaluations should include an assessment by the author/clinician concerning whether the petitioner continues to pose a risk.
957:
disorder; and, (3) as a result, would have serious difficulty refraining from sexually violent conduct or child molestation if released. A hearing is available to the involuntarily committed individual every six months to reconsider their commitment status if requested by counsel or the person in the federal treatment program.
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AWA reclassification increased the number of offenders and altered their placement in management categories. Prior to implementation of AWA in Ohio 76% of adult and 88% of juvenile offenders were designated on the least restrictive category or did not have to register at all, while only 20% of adults
853:
The Act also establishes a post-conviction civil commitment scheme. Section 4248 of the Act contains the
Commitment Provision, which authorizes the federal government to initiate commitment proceedings with respect to any federal prisoner in the custody of the Bureau of Prisons. Under this provision,
841:
In the area of federal criminal law and procedure, the act enlarges the kidnapping statute, increases the number of federal capital offenses, enhances the mandatory minimum terms of imprisonment and other penalties that attend various federal sex offenses, establishes a civil commitment procedure for
834:
et seq. The act's provisions fall into four categories: a revised sex offender registration system, child and sex related amendments to federal criminal and procedure, child protective grant programs, and other initiatives designed to prevent and punish sex offenders and those who victimize children.
1041:
In some states the Adam Walsh Act (AWA) effectively expanded the registries as much as 500%. Since its enactment, critics have expressed concerns about the act's scope and breadth. Several sex offenders were prosecuted under its regulations before any state adopted AWA. This has resulted in one life
837:
The sex offender registration provisions replace the Jacob
Wetterling Act provisions with a statutory scheme under which states are required to modify their registration systems in accordance with federal requirements at the risk of losing 10% of their Byrne program law enforcement assistance funds.
833:
The Adam Walsh Act emerged from
Congress following the passage of separate bills in the House and Senate (H.R. 3132 and S. 1086 respectively). The Act is also known as the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA), the majority of the provisions of which were enacted as 42 U.S.C. §16911
793:
into three tiers according to the crime committed, and mandates that Tier 3 offenders (the most serious tier) update their whereabouts every three months with lifetime registration requirements. Tier 2 offenders must update their whereabouts every six months with 25 years of registration, and Tier 1
956:
Gives a federal Judge the ability to civilly commit individuals who are in the custody of the federal prison system if it is proven that the individual (1) has engaged or attempted to engage in sexually violent conduct or child molestation; (2) suffers from a serious mental illness, abnormality, or
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process. Until
January 2007, U.S. nationals living abroad who married a local and intended to obtain green cards for their spouse and any immediate family members were able to initiate and complete the majority of the application process at the local U.S. Embassy/Consulate. However, because of the
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were said to be 'missing' and unregistered as required by law. The act allocated federal funding to assist states in maintaining and improving these programs so a comprehensive system for tracking sex offenders and alerting communities would be developed. The Adam Walsh Child
Protection and Safety
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For Adam Walsh Act
Immigration cases, the citizen must submit evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that he or she poses no risk to the beneficiary. The UCIS wants information all known factors that are relevant for determining whether petitioner poses any risk to the safety and well-being of the
1108:
The Act also for the first time limits the rights of citizens or permanent residents to petition to immigrate their spouse or other relatives to the U.S. if the petitioner has a listed child sex abuse conviction. If that is the case, then the petition cannot be approved unless the
Department of
1338:
By its own terms, it encompasses any 'individual who was convicted of a sex offense'ânot just offenders going forward, but everybody up to that point too. 'Reasonably read,' then, 'the
Attorney General's role ⊠was important but limited: It was to apply SORNA to pre-Act offenders as soon as he
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Registration requirements are defined by the type of offense the person was convicted. Convictions are classified into three tiers. Tier 3 offenders register for life. Tier 2 offenders register for at least 25 years after conviction. Tier 1 offenders register for ten to fifteen years after
1104:
However, the government reversed this decision only two months later. Due to a significant number of complaints from applicants about the resulting processing delays and from immigration officials about the large amount of paperwork that came with the centralization of the process, the visa
842:
federal sex offenders, authorizes random searches as a condition for sex offender probation and supervised release, outlaws internet date drug trafficking, permits the victims of state crimes to participate in related federal habeas corpus proceedings, and eliminates the
2049:
813:
into one searchable national database and instructs each state and territory to apply identical criteria for posting offender data on the internet (i.e., offender's name, address, date of birth, place of employment, photograph, etc.). The Act was named after
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2905:
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as leaving Consular officers ill-equipped to fully handle the I-130 adjudication process. Thus, as of January 2007, I-130 petitions, supporting documentation, or fee payments could no longer be completed in the country of the foreign national.
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The act revives the authorization of appropriations under the Police Athletic Youth Enrichment Act among its other grant provisions and requires the establishment of a national child abuse registry among its other child safety initiatives.
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petitioning process for immediate relatives of US citizens was resumed at U.S. embassies on March 21, 2007. However, all embassies were required to add a 6-month residency requirement for the US Citizen to file an application directly.
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521:
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765:
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1940:
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1932:
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However, the Ohio Supreme Court in 2010 ruled that the Adam Walsh Act as enacted in Ohio does not apply retroactively to individuals who committed their crimes prior to its effective date of January 1, 2008.
589:
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An Act to protect children from sexual exploitation and violent crime, to prevent child abuse and child pornography, to promote internet safety, and to honor the memory of Adam Walsh and other child crime
2716:
2035:
2969:
2633:
1443:
Harris, A. J.; Lobanov-Rostovsky, C.; Levenson, J. S. (April 2, 2010). "Widening the Net: The Effects of Transitioning to the Adam Walsh Act's Federally Mandated Sex Offender Classification System".
838:
The act seeks to close gaps in the prior system, provide more information on a wider range of offenders, and make the information more readily available to the public and law enforcement officials.
2999:
1046:
and not being able to maintain a physical address. The Adam Walsh Act requires anyone convicted of a sex crime to register as a sex offender where it will be posted on the internet for all to see.
2107:
67:
2955:
1775:
2750:
2617:
737:
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that the defendant's Fifth and Sixth amendment rights to a trial by jury were violated. This shifted the burden of proof from preponderance of the evidence to beyond a reasonable doubt.
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1640:
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2019:
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Sex offenders that are 14 years of age or older at the time of the crime are required to register if they fit into the most serious tier (Tier 3), or were tried as adults.
884:(NCMEC), was joined by other children's advocates to mount an aggressive campaign to get the bill passed into law. As part of the campaign, Walsh was joined by Congressman
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881:
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2186:
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Limits the defense access to examine child exploitation material which is the subject of a charge, such that examination may only be conducted in a government building.
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The law defines and requires a three-tier classification system for sex offenders, based on offense committed, replacing the older system based on risk of re-offence.
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thought it feasible to do so.' And that he did: 217 days, to be precise, after SORNA's enactment, Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales applied the law retroactively.
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1079:, this will extend the responsibility of keeping record of performers, to verify they are above age, to âsecondary producers,â along with primary producers.
810:
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As of 2024, the Justice Department reports that 18 states, 137 tribes and 4 territories have substantially implemented requirements of the Adam Walsh Act.
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release. Tier I registrants may be excluded from internet database, with exemption of those convicted of "specified offense against a minor".
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Tier 1 sex offenders are required to register for 10â15 years; tier 2 for 25 years and tier 3 offenders must register for 25 years to life.
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Homeland Security determines in its unreviewable discretion that there is no risk of harm to the beneficiary or derivative beneficiary.
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who was kidnapped and murdered by a released Minnesota sex offender in November 2003; and Erin Runnion, whose five-year-old daughter
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or maiming a child and 30 years for sex with a child younger than 12 or for sexually assaulting a child between 13 and 17 years old.
133:
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offenders must update their whereabouts every year with 15 years of registration. Failure to register and update information is a
2459:
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under the law. States are required to publicly disclose information of Tier 2 and Tier 3 offenders, at minimum. It also contains
545:
348:
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newly enhanced background check and criminal history data trail requirements, the new law had initially been interpreted by the
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had overturned a provision of the Adam Walsh Act that established a five-year mandatory minimum prison sentence, and a possible
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2004:
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107:
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1955:
1251:, 551 F.3d 274 (4th Cir. 2009), cert. granted, 129 S.Ct. 2828 (U.S. June 22, 2009/Decided May 17, 2010) (No. 08-1224).
992:
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Widens federal funding to assist local law enforcement in tracking sexual exploitation of minors on the internet.
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856:
291:
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At the time of passage, at least 100,000 of more than a half million sex offenders in the United States and the
471:
155:
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996:
917:
663:
386:
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191:
17:
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1410:
1315:"The Supreme Court's Conservatives Are Ready to Take a Wrecking Ball to the Entire Federal Bureaucracy"
485:
988:
Allows courts to expand definition of sex crimes requiring registration through broad residual clause.
2239:
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2209:
905:
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864:
815:
926:
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1054:
885:
238:
1573:
1452:
1060:
897:
889:
799:
538:
426:
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The Federal Record Keeping and Labeling Requirements Laws have been attached to this bill (
888:, representatives from the NCMEC, and other victims' advocates and parents. These included
411:
391:
2640:
2445:
1267:
684:
431:
1224:
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sentence, for sex offenders who, in a revocation hearing before a judge, are found by a
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was killed in Florida in 2005; Linda Walker, the mother of North Dakota college student
2815:
1072:
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The Scarlet Letter of the Law: The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006
1014:
978:
819:
698:
691:
1464:
2267:
1948:
1199:"President Signs H.R. 4472, the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006"
1043:
790:
670:
604:
964:
evidence collection and DNA registry and tracking of convicted sex offenders with
2557:
2529:
2480:
2396:
1396:
1202:
1076:
1010:
1006:
1005:
Creates a national child abuse/neglect registry to protect children from being
49:
1479:"Ohio's Adam Walsh Act Registration Not Retroactive | Criminal Legal News"
900:, who was abducted and murdered in October 1989; Mark Lunsford, whose daughter
982:
876:; Walsh was found murdered 16 days after his abduction in 1981. Adam's father
1547:. Department of Homeland Security U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
1541:
1456:
1326:
893:
246:
1292:
2311:
1614:
Sex Crimes Blog: Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act Resource Page
1574:"Consular Offices Abroad Resume Accepting I-130 Immigrant Visa Petitions"
1411:"5 years later, states struggle to comply with federal sex offender law"
1087:
A collateral effect of the new legislation was its implications on the
873:
860:
that the Civil Commitment Provision was within Congress's authority.
795:
1623:
1186:
915:
In 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the case of
3023:
Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
1600:
The Adam Walsh Act: The Scarlet Letter of the Twenty-First Century
1097:
960:
Establishes a national database which will incorporate the use of
1361:"H.R. 4472 â Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006"
1050:
933:
to have committed new sex offenses while on supervised release.
846:
for certain sex offenses and crimes committed against children.
2717:
White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
1649:
1370:. U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee. 2006. Archived from
1185:
Barker, The Adam Walsh Act: Un-civil Commitment, available at
936:
On June 26, 2019, the Supreme Court ruled in a 5â4 decision in
2970:
Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration
1399:. Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending.
961:
43:
1042:
sentence for failure to register, due to the offender being
2751:
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001
738:
Movement to reform sex offender laws in the United States
1128:
Senate Caucus on Missing, Exploited and Runaway Children
2920:
Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005
2673:
President's Council on Service and Civic Participation
2604:
Higher Education Relief Opportunities For Students Act
2758:
Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
1426:"Homelessness Could Mean Life in Prison for Offender"
724:
National Association for Rational Sexual Offense Laws
2370:
Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007
1268:"Bush signs, Hatch praises new Child Protection Act"
2936:
2726:
2379:
2018:
1924:
1684:
630:
Effectiveness of sex offender registration policies
278:
221:
210:
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197:
187:
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171:
162:
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1154:
1123:National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
882:National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
818:, an American boy who was abducted from a Florida
1603:, Washburn Law Journal, vol. 47, pp. 471â503
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
782:is a federal statute that was signed into law by
2523:National Security Entry-Exit Registration System
1941:Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)
1498:"Ruling: Ohio sex-offender law not retroactive"
809:The Act also organizes all state and territory
2855:Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act of 2002
2825:Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
1149:
1147:
1133:House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children
868:Act was signed on the 25th anniversary of the
612:Connecticut Department of Public Safety v. Doe
501:and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act
18:Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act
1661:
953:the authority to apply the law retroactively.
759:
8:
3103:Sex offender registries in the United States
2883:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
2862:Mortgage Forgiveness Debt Relief Act of 2007
2795:Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
912:was raped and killed in California in 2002.
717:Alliance for Constitutional Sex Offense Laws
590:Constitutionality of sex offender registries
261:on July 20, 2006 (unanimous voice vote)
255:on March 8, 2006 (unanimous voice vote)
148:
83:"Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act"
39:Sex offender registries in the United States
2809:Financial Literacy and Education Commission
2432:Government response to September 11 attacks
2418:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
522:International Megan's Law to Prevent Demand
3098:United States federal criminal legislation
2848:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
2390:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
1690:
1668:
1654:
1646:
1576:. U.S. Department of State. March 21, 2007
1516:"Free Speech Coalition v. Gonzales (2005)"
1496:PressHerald-Dispatch.com, The Associated.
923:U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit
789:on July 27, 2006. The Walsh Act organizes
780:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
766:
752:
515:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
450:
149:Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
2802:Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
2425:Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
2059:JordanâUnited States Free Trade Agreement
1261:
1259:
1257:
657:Julia Tuttle Causeway sex offender colony
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
3093:Acts of the 109th United States Congress
1639:) is being considered for deletion. See
1058:and 5% of juveniles were classified as "
499:Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children
37:For broader coverage of this topic, see
3030:Water Resources Development Act of 2007
2767:Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
1792:Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
1624:The Adam Walsh Act: Un-civil Commitment
1518:. Free Speech Coalition. Archived from
1143:
462:
2927:Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006
2537:Secondary Security Screening Selection
678:Controversial designations as offender
147:
2467:National Construction Safety Team Act
2226:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
1089:United States Permanent Resident Card
7:
3000:MagnusonâStevens Reauthorization Act
2899:Renovation, Repair and Painting Rule
2516:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
1542:"I-130, Petition for Alien Relative"
1313:Stern, Mark Joseph (June 20, 2019).
72:adding citations to reliable sources
2689:Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
2166:Darfur Peace and Accountability Act
2841:Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004
2737:American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
2108:Dominican RepublicâCentral America
1554:from the original on June 29, 2007
1159:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1009:or adopted by people convicted of
25:
2411:Born-Alive Infants Protection Act
1643:to help reach a consensus. âș
1187:https://ssrn.com/abstract=1496934
2618:Criticism of government response
2597:Higher Education Opportunity Act
2488:President's Surveillance Program
1424:Dewan, Shaila (August 3, 2007).
977:Increases the mandatory minimum
583:
546:California Proposition 83 (2006)
484:
470:
154:
48:
3014:Renewable Identification Number
2832:Forest Land Enhancement Program
2774:Credit Rating Agency Reform Act
2696:Public Service Loan Forgiveness
2474:NIST WTC Disaster Investigation
731:Women Against Registry - W.A.R.
59:needs additional citations for
2986:Diesel Emissions Reduction Act
2906:SAFE Transportation Equity Act
2869:Pension Protection Act of 2006
2703:Unborn Victims of Violence Act
2666:Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act
2588:Election Assistance Commission
2495:Terrorist Surveillance Program
2404:Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
1899:State funeral of Ronald Reagan
568:Sexually violent predator laws
330:United States v. Juvenile Male
1:
2890:Troubled Asset Relief Program
2781:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
2509:Homeland Security Act of 2002
1445:Criminal Justice and Behavior
931:preponderance of the evidence
2551:Terrorist Screening Database
2502:NSA warrantless surveillance
2349:H-1B Visa Reform Act of 2004
2194:Vision for Space Exploration
1906:State funeral of Gerald Ford
1677:Presidency of George W. Bush
1636:Presidency of George W. Bush
991:Increases the penalties for
237:in the House as H.R.4472 by
177:109th United States Congress
2572:FISA Amendments Act of 2008
2565:Protect America Act of 2007
2356:L-1 Visa Reform Act of 2004
1397:"Registry Requirement FAQs"
1225:"Substantially Implemented"
892:, children's advocate from
280:United States Supreme Court
3119:
2993:Healthy Forests Initiative
2634:Medicare Modernization Act
2544:Terrorist Screening Center
2439:Rescue and recovery effort
2275:August 2001 daily briefing
1892:Presidential proclamations
1293:"United States v. Haymond"
1094:Bureau of Consular Affairs
822:and later found murdered.
368:United States v. Kebodeaux
36:
29:
3088:Sex offender registration
3039:
2949:Clean Boating Act of 2008
2788:Energy Policy Act of 2005
2657:Highly qualified teachers
2073:Trade promotion authority
1933:Joint session of Congress
1693:
1483:www.criminallegalnews.org
1248:United States v. Comstock
1083:Influence on visa process
1025:Registration requirements
966:Global Positioning System
857:United States v. Comstock
804:sexually dangerous people
524:for Child Sex Trafficking
349:Reynolds v. United States
292:United States v. Comstock
286:
230:
153:
3046:â Clinton administration
2650:No Child Left Behind Act
2363:Secure Fence Act of 2006
1820:Supreme Court candidates
1785:Legislation and programs
1641:templates for discussion
1457:10.1177/0093854810363889
938:United States v. Haymond
918:United States v. Haymond
872:from a shopping mall in
454:This article is part of
387:Nichols v. United States
30:Not to be confused with
3007:Renewable Fuel Standard
2261:Pre-attack intelligence
1007:placed into the care of
981:period of 25 years for
870:abduction of Adam Walsh
811:sex offender registries
598:Supreme Court decisions
463:Sex offender registries
3055:Obama administration â
2963:Clear Skies Initiative
1266:Davidson, Lee (2006).
844:statute of limitations
407:Gundy v. United States
2977:Executive Order 13432
2956:Climate change policy
2581:Help America Vote Act
2342:Executive Order 13470
2335:Executive Order 13355
1813:Judicial appointments
1413:. CNN. July 28, 2011.
1049:A study conducted in
951:U.S. Attorney General
311:Carr v. United States
249:) on December 8, 2005
2247:Communication issues
2240:September 11 attacks
1956:Mission Accomplished
1272:Deseret Morning News
865:District of Columbia
632:in the United States
592:in the United States
465:in the United States
68:improve this article
27:U.S. federal statute
2710:2006 VRA Amendments
2050:by Condoleezza Rice
2036:International trips
1871:Impeachment efforts
1502:The Herald-Dispatch
927:life without parole
561:PROTECT Act of 2003
224:Legislative history
150:
2913:SarbanesâOxley Act
2876:Public Law 110-343
2173:Mexico City policy
1597:Lara Geer Farley,
1430:The New York Times
1368:Legislative Notice
997:child prostitution
944:Legal applications
3065:
3064:
2611:Hurricane Katrina
2254:Military response
2233:USA Freedom Corps
2159:2002 steel tariff
2066:Trade Act of 2002
2014:
2013:
2005:2008 SOTU Address
1998:2007 SOTU Address
1991:2006 SOTU Address
1984:2005 SOTU Address
1977:2004 SOTU Address
1970:2003 SOTU Address
1963:2002 SOTU Address
1878:Executive actions
1799:Email controversy
886:Jim Sensenbrenner
880:, founder of the
776:
775:
580:Constitutionality
449:
448:
259:Passed the Senate
239:Jim Sensenbrenner
144:
143:
136:
118:
16:(Redirected from
3110:
3058:
3049:
3032:
3025:
3016:
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3002:
2995:
2988:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2834:
2827:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2636:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1917:
1915:Obama transition
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1885:Executive orders
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1806:Shoeing incident
1801:
1794:
1787:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1713:2nd inauguration
1708:
1706:1st inauguration
1701:
1691:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1522:on June 30, 2007
1512:
1506:
1505:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1365:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1263:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1075:). In regard to
1061:sexual predators
995:of children and
910:Samantha Runnion
898:Jacob Wetterling
890:Patty Wetterling
800:civil commitment
768:
761:
754:
587:
488:
474:
451:
427:Alaska v. Wright
271:on July 27, 2006
253:Passed the House
226:
214:sections created
158:
151:
139:
132:
128:
125:
119:
117:
76:
52:
44:
21:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3052:
3043:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:Economic policy
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2655:
2648:
2641:Medicare Part D
2639:
2632:
2625:Disaster relief
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2446:9/11 Commission
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:Domestic policy
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2298:Afghanistan War
2296:
2289:
2282:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:Slovakia summit
2215:
2210:Slovenia summit
2208:
2201:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2048:
2043:by Colin Powell
2041:
2034:
2027:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1680:
1674:
1644:
1610:
1594:
1592:Further reading
1589:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1377:on July 3, 2007
1374:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1331:
1329:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1237:42 U.S.C. 16925
1236:
1232:
1227:. SMART Office.
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1171:
1158:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1119:
1085:
1039:
1027:
993:sex trafficking
946:
921:, in which the
831:
802:provisions for
772:
743:
742:
712:
711:Reform activism
704:
703:
685:Genarlow Wilson
664:Miracle Village
645:
637:
636:
631:
625:
617:
616:
591:
581:
573:
572:
550:
528:
523:
500:
482:
464:
445:
274:
265:Signed into law
222:
217:§ 20911 et seq.
172:Enacted by
140:
129:
123:
120:
77:
75:
65:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3116:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3050:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2952:
2944:
2942:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:Red Flags Rule
2812:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2740:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2385:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2326:2008 Iraq SOFA
2322:
2319:financial cost
2315:
2308:
2305:2002 Iraq AUMF
2301:
2294:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2203:Russia summits
2199:
2198:
2197:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2032:
2024:
2022:
2020:Foreign policy
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1608:External links
1606:
1605:
1604:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1565:
1533:
1507:
1488:
1470:
1451:(5): 503â519.
1435:
1416:
1402:
1388:
1352:
1343:
1305:
1284:
1253:
1239:
1230:
1216:
1190:
1169:
1163:109â248 (text)
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1084:
1081:
1073:18 U.S.C. 2257
1038:
1035:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1003:
1000:
989:
986:
975:
972:
969:
958:
954:
945:
942:
896:and mother of
830:
827:
787:George W. Bush
784:U.S. President
774:
773:
771:
770:
763:
756:
748:
745:
744:
741:
740:
734:
733:
727:
726:
720:
719:
713:
710:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
695:
694:
688:
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681:
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674:
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623:
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619:
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582:
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570:
564:
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557:
556:
549:
548:
542:
541:
535:
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510:
504:
503:
495:
494:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
467:
466:
460:
459:
447:
446:
444:
443:
442:___ (2021)
423:
422:___ (2019)
403:
402:___ (2016)
383:
364:
345:
326:
307:
287:
284:
283:
276:
275:
273:
272:
269:George W. Bush
262:
256:
250:
231:
228:
227:
219:
218:
215:
208:
207:
204:
203:Titles amended
200:
199:
195:
194:
192:Pub.L. 109-248
189:
185:
184:
180:
179:
173:
169:
168:
164:
160:
159:
142:
141:
56:
54:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3115:
3104:
3101:
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3079:
3076:
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3073:
3057:
3056:
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3048:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2938:Environmental
2935:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2887:
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2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:Bush tax cuts
2741:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2654:
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2647:
2642:
2638:
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2635:
2631:
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2608:
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2569:
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2552:
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2545:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
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2517:
2513:
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2435:
2433:
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2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2394:
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2387:
2386:
2384:
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2378:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2353:
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2339:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:War on terror
2281:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2029:Bush Doctrine
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1848:controversies
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:Harriet Miers
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
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1777:
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1770:
1766:
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1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
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1728:
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1717:
1714:
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1707:
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1700:
1696:
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1687:
1683:
1678:
1671:
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1632:
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1607:
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1601:
1596:
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1575:
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1537:
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1521:
1517:
1511:
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1503:
1499:
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1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1466:
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1458:
1454:
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1403:
1398:
1392:
1389:
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1362:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1298:September 11,
1294:
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1262:
1260:
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1234:
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1200:
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3078:Child safety
3053:
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2268:Phoenix Memo
2187:Space policy
1949:Axis of evil
1841:Samuel Alito
1827:John Roberts
1634:
1598:
1578:. Retrieved
1568:
1556:. Retrieved
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:the original
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1379:. Retrieved
1372:the original
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1350:42 USC 16915
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66:Please help
61:verification
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2558:Real ID Act
2530:No Fly List
2481:Patriot Act
2397:Amber alert
2150:South Korea
1679:(2001â2009)
1629:âč The
1203:White House
1077:pornography
1055:retroactive
1053:found that
1011:child abuse
968:technology.
508:Megan's Law
481:Legislation
382: (2013)
363: (2012)
344: (2011)
325: (2010)
306: (2010)
32:Megan's Law
3072:Categories
1699:Transition
1139:References
983:kidnapping
949:Gives the
906:Dru Sjodin
878:John Walsh
816:Adam Walsh
235:Introduced
188:Public law
163:Long title
94:newspapers
2460:criticism
2291:2001 AUMF
2143:Singapore
2080:Australia
1327:1091-2339
894:Minnesota
183:Citations
3083:Sex laws
2312:Iraq War
2101:Colombia
1925:Speeches
1720:Timeline
1686:Timeline
1631:template
1580:July 10,
1558:July 10,
1549:Archived
1526:July 10,
1465:55988358
1381:July 10,
1332:July 22,
1277:July 10,
1209:July 10,
1117:See also
1044:homeless
456:a series
167:victims.
2115:Morocco
2087:Bahrain
1864:Cabinet
1857:Pardons
1776:2008â09
1633:below (
1155:Pub. L.
1037:Effects
902:Jessica
874:Florida
829:History
492:Federal
412:17-6086
392:15-5238
108:scholar
2940:policy
2453:report
2180:PEPFAR
2129:Panama
1943:(2001)
1935:(2001)
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796:felony
458:on the
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1552:(PDF)
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1375:(pdf)
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1166:(PDF)
1098:USCIS
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1323:ISSN
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1096:and
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778:The
440:U.S.
420:U.S.
400:U.S.
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