969:) said, "O our father! Ask forgiveness from Allah for our sins. Indeed, we have been sinners." He said, 'I will ask my Lord for forgiveness for you.' Verily, He, and only He, is the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful". In another occasion the Quran addresses those who have been unjust to themselves stating if they had come to Muhammad and "begged Allah’s forgiveness, and the Messenger had begged forgiveness for them—indeed they would have found Allah All-Forgiving, Most Merciful." Muhammad himself has confirmed this kind of intercession in many occasions, one of which was when he said he would intercede on the Day of Judgment "for whoever has faith in his heart". The first documentary statement of Muhammad's eschatological role appears in the inscriptions of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, completed in 72/691-692.
741:
828:(1903–1981) the Quran is known for first rejecting any virtue or perfection for anyone other than God, but then confirming that same virtue for others depending on His permission and pleasure. To prove his view, Tabataba'i puts forward the following similar verse in which first (in the first verse) the Quran says only God knows unseen, then (in the second verse) the Quran confirms it for others too: "And with Him are the keys of the unseen, does not know it any except He". "o He does not reveal His secrets to any, except to him whom He chooses of an apostle".
43:
578:
938:
show his aversion to this argument, Tabataba'i asks "What they would say about the verse which says 'Surely Allãh does not forgive that any thing should be associated with Him, and forgives what is besides that to whomsoever He pleases' because 'in cases of repentance even polytheism may be forgiven'."
921:
In response to this objection it is said that "beside Allah" in this verse refers to the idols not human beings. According to
Tabataba'i the reality of seeking intercession is nothing more than the request for prayers from the intercessor, an examples of which, as related in the Quran, is the story
831:
The following is another example of this kind made by
Tabataba'i: "… they shall be in the fire; abiding therein so long as the heavens and the earth endure, except as your Lord please; surely your Lord is the (mighty) doer of what He intends. And as to those who are made happy, they shall be in the
977:
Angels too have the ability to intercede on permission of God as it could be inferred from the verse which says angels' intercession is of no use "except after God giveth leave to whom He chooseth and accepteth!" In other places it is pointed out that angels "ask forgiveness for those on earth" and
1035:
Believers (Shiite view): Shiite traditions admit the possibility that Shiite believers themselves, like the
Prophet and the Imams, may act as intercessors for others; so that the Shiite believers are considered as the ones who both receive and grant intercession. some other traditions asserts that
1031:
It is also narrated from both Shiite and Sunnis from the prophet who said, "Whoever dies and does not know the Imam of his own time, dies in the state of ignorance in which men died before the appointment of the
Prophet of God," this is because, Shiite says, it is impossible to know God except via
937:
It has also been objected that had Allah promised intercession, or had His prophets brought this message to their nations, the people would have been emboldened to disobey the commandments of God, and it would have defeated the whole purpose behind the institutions of prophethood and religion. To
880:
Then the
Prophet says to God, please hasten the judgment for my community. He continues to intercede until he is given a document for those who were sent to the Fire. The possessor of the place where the Fire is kept will say, O Muhammad, you did not leave behind any fuel for the anger of your
929:
According to the Quran, being averse to asking a prophet to seek forgiveness for one, (i.e. being averse to intercession) is considered an act of hypocrisy and pride, while making this request is a sign of humility and faith: "if, when they had wronged themselves, they had but come unto thee
900:
as negative. In order to get closer to God, Wahhabis argue, it is a kind of polytheism to abandons the "nearer means" (God) and resorts to a "remote means" (other than God). They quote the following verse to prove that one should not resort to intercession of other than God even if he is the
851:
says "My intercession is especially for the perpetrators of major sins in my community." According to
Tabatabaie the reason why "major sins" are mentioned in this Hadith is that the Quran has already promised that if people avoid major sins, God would forgive their minor sins
863:
from the prophet who said the believers, as well, could intercede for their brothers, which is a kind of praying on one's behalf. It says: "If a Muslim dies, and forty believers in the unity of God pray for him, God accepts their intercession on his behalf."
705:), turning Muslims into idolaters". Another issue is whether focusing on intercession runs the risk of emboldening people to committing sins, it should be considered as a ray of hope which lead sinners to the right path after they have wronged themselves.
679:. The interceder, therefore, adds his own recommendation to that of petitioner so that there are two individuals—an even number—pleading for forgiveness. The prestige of the intercessor strengthens the otherwise weak plea of the sinner. Accordingly,
694:
deny the Shafa’ah of
Muhammad, while at least some supporters insist they only oppose the seeking of Shafa’ah from "the dead and the like". Another issue is whether using holy persons as mediators to God "with a specific request in mind" is
844:'s sayings when he said for example: "I have received five gifts from God, is that of intercession, which I have in store for my community. My intercession is for those who have not associated any partner with God."
819:
The first type of the above-mentioned verses totally rejects intercession while the second type reserves it for God only. The third type, however, state that others too may intercede with God's permission. (The
790:
These verses could refer to how the only independent intercession belongs to Allah and that no intercession could done without his permission,in other words no independent intercession except for that of Allah.
807:"Imagine how many noble angels are in the heavens! Even their intercession would be of no benefit whatsoever, until Allah gives permission to whoever He wills and only for the people He approves" (Quran 53:26)
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acknowledging the Imams. Otherwise men might "think of God as one who would create mankind and then leave them helpless, not appointing any Imam for them," so that they would not think of God as kind.
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is a form of prayer to God by one who is near to Him on behalf of a member of the believing community seeking deliverance from eternal damnation (though not necessarily from temporary punishment).
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who said "Our responsibility on behalf of mankind is great indeed, for if we call upon them to accept us they will not do so, and if we let them go their way they will not find other guides."
872:
The basis for the "popular belief" that "all but the most sinful" will be saved from hellfire by Muḥammad's intercession and God's mercy at the final time, is a story from "the creeds (
1024:
the Shiite imams are "the mediators between God and mankind. Except by their intercession it is impossible for men to avoid the punishment of God". Ibn
Babuwaihi has also recorded from
965:
The following verse which is concerning the sons of Jacob show how, even in their lifetime, the prophets had the authority to intercede on behalf of those who repent. (The brothers of
930:(Muhammad) and asked forgiveness of God, and the Messenger had sought forgiveness for them, they would have found God Forgiving, Merciful." The same notion has been said in the verse
1043:
perspective which also extended the spiritual intercession to the realized saints. However, in contrary to
Shiites, Sufis do not extend the intercessory function to all believers.
824:
movement accepts the belief in intercessor by Allah, but condemns as an unbeliever anyone who believes in intercession of anyone other than God.) However, according to
794:
A third type state there will be intercession on behalf of sinners by some sorts of people depending on His pleasure. The verses which ends with phrases like
885:
The "fuel for the anger of your Lord" being anyone (Muslim) to be burned in "the Fire of God's avenging justice". Their lack meaning no one is going to hell.
946:
According to the Quran the prophets and angels have the authority to intercede on behalf of believing members of
Islamic community. According to Shiite
740:
811:
In many of these verses,it is said that intercession would be of no benefit/not accepted without Allah's permission,i.e,no independent intercession.
727:
Popular belief among Muslims is that "all but the most sinful" Muslims will be saved by Muḥammad's intercession and God's mercy at "the final time".
1009:
is viewed as the essential criterion of both faith and salvation. In another Shiite tradition, the Prophet declares that walayah to himself and the
776:
It could be said that these verses refer to independent intercession, or intercession without Allah's permission, of which there will be none of.
926:
when they asked their father to implore God's forgiveness of them. Jacob accepted their petition and promised to do so at the appointed time.
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on the Day of Judgement in the Quran specifically include Muhammad or "the office of prophethood". Nonetheless belief in the intercession of
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garden, abiding in it as long as the heavens and the earth endure, except as your Lord please; a gift which shall never be cut off".
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O our father, ask forgiveness of our sins for us, for truly we were sinful. He said: I shall ask forgiveness for you of My Lord ...
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on the day of resurrection is accepted by both Sunnis and Shiites. Without His permission, however, no intercession is accepted.
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that which neither causes them any harm, nor brings them any benefit, and they say, 'These are our intercessors with Allah'.
766:"the day when one soul shall not avail another in the least; neither shall intercession on its behalf be accepted" (Q.2:48),
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Shiites would be able to intercede for the members of their families (ahl baytihim) or those who aided them in their life.
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804:"None will have the right to intercede, except those who have taken a covenant from the Most Compassionate" (Quran 19:87)
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Belief in the intercession of Muhammad, confirmed by both Sunnis and Shiites, extended among the Shiite to include the
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is a doctrine of both Sunnis and Shiites supported by hadith. Shia also extend the idea of mediation to include
1616:"'Abd al-Malik, Muḥammad et le Jugement dernier: le dôme du Rocher comme expression d'une orthodoxie islamique"
182:
1342:. Translated by Sayid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi. Beirut: World Organization for Islamic Services. pp. 264–293.
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Les vivants et les morts dans les sociétés médiévales : XLVIIIe Congrès de la SHMESP (Jérusalem, 2017)
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assume the intercession of God on the Day of Resurrection as positive, and that of the Prophets and other
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801:"…and they do not intercede except for whom He approves, and for fear of Him they tremble" (Quran 34:23).
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990:, too. For Shiites, salvation was based on true belief but this was largely "measured by attachment to
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In another verse it is said: "who is he that can intercede with Him but by His permission?" (Q.2:255)
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considers intercession to be "one of the four unique doctrinal beliefs required of the Shiites."
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on the day of resurrection "there is no bargaining, neither any friendship nor intercession",
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The first type deny intercession entirely; among which are the verses which talk about how
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A second type states there will be intercession but only by God. These verses state that
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The day when, it is said, no one but Allãh can harm people nor profit them (Q.10:18).
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1505:. Translated by Reza Shah-Kazemi. London: I.B.Tauris Publishers. pp. 132–137.
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have arisen over who may intercede with God. Some maintain that supporters of
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and other intimate friends of God could also intercede on permission of God.
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1451:"An Early Response to Wahhabism from Morocco: The Politics of Intercession"
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doctrines of shii islam; A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices
856:) so that there would be no need for the minor sins to be forgiven.
1579:. Translated by Mansoor Limba. ABWA Publishing and Printing Center.
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Sobhani, Ayatollah Ja'far (2001-09-27). Reza Shah-Kazemi (ed.).
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there is "no guardian and no intercessor beside God" (Q.32:4).
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when "there shall be no saviour for you from Allãh" (Q.40:33).
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The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak
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This kind of intercession is considered parallel with the
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876:) of al-Ash'arī, al Nasafī, al-Tahāwī, and Abū Ḥanīfa":
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The Charismatic Community Shi˜ite Identity in Early Islam
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Expectation of the Millennium : Shiìsm in History
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The principle of intercession is mentioned in some of
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The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection
1646:. State University of New York Press. p. 103.
1412:. The Islamic Educational Center of Orange County.
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1370:Dakake, Maria Massi. Seyyed Hossein Nasr (ed.).
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998:." In a Shiite tradition attributed to Muhammad
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1404:Al-Qazwini, Sayyid Moustafa (9 January 2013).
756:can be grouped in three different categories.
1571:Ibrahimi, Muhammad Husayn (23 January 2013).
1544:al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad.
889:Objections against intercession and responses
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699:(allowed) or "an unconscionable innovation (
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1661:Smith, Jane I.; Haddad, Yvonne Y. (1981).
1424:"Do Wahhabis deny Shafa'ah (intercession)"
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1548:. Cairo, A.H. 1334, IV, 378., quoted in
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1573:"A New Analysis of Wahhabi Doctrines"
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1603:. BURLEIGH PRESS. pp. 339–358.
1340:al-Mīzãn; An Exegesis of the Qur'ãn
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744:the verse is related to Shafa'ah
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1614:Tillier, Mathieu (2020-04-03),
1:
1642:Seyyed Hossein, Nasr (1989).
1599:Donaldson, Dwight M. (1933).
1406:"Inquiries About Shi'a Islam"
16:Form of intercession in Islam
1682:Islamic belief and doctrine
1336:Tabataba'i, Muhammad Husayn
708:None of the 29 mentions of
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1667:. Albany, N Y: SUNY Press.
642:is the act of pleading to
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1468:10.1163/19585705-12341247
978:for "those who believe".
686:Controversies concerning
276:Theology of the Ismailis
242:Theology of the Twelvers
722:intimate friends of God
225:Forbidding what is evil
220:Commanding what is just
1449:Heck, Paul L. (2012).
1022:Muhammad Baqir Majlisi
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868:Intercession in creeds
859:It is also related by
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648:intimate friend of God
338:Theology of the Ibadis
320:Theology of the Zaydis
1552:Islamic Understanding
1531:Islamic Understanding
913:They worship besides
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847:In another situation
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638:, "intercession") in
183:Basic Tenets of Faith
98:Five Pillars of Islam
1550:Smith & Haddad,
1529:Smith & Haddad,
59:Six Articles of Iman
1687:Islamic terminology
1197:Qur'an, 11: 106–108
1011:people of his house
132:Schools of theology
1546:Iḥyāʾ 'ulūm al-dīn
1430:. 9 September 2020
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558:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
86:The Last Judgement
1629:979-10-351-0577-8
1512:978-1-86064-780-2
1164:Qur'an, 21: 26-28
1000:Muhammad al-Baqir
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1589:
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1583:
1578:
1574:
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1559:
1555:
1553:
1547:
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1519:
1514:
1508:
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1497:
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1317:
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1304:
1298:
1293:
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1287:
1286:Qur'an, 42: 5
1282:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:Qur'an, 4: 48
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:Qur'an, 4: 64
1238:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:Qur'an, 6: 59
1171:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1153:Qur'an, 10: 3
1149:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:Qur'an, 6: 51
1127:
1124:
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1120:Qur'an, 32: 4
1116:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1099:
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1087:Qur'an, 2: 48
1083:
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1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
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1037:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1020:According to
1018:
1016:
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1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
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981:
979:
972:
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968:
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918:
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908:
904:
899:
895:
888:
886:
882:
877:
875:
867:
865:
862:
857:
855:
854:Qur'an, 4: 31
850:
845:
843:
835:
833:
829:
827:
823:
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806:
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797:
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742:
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584:
574:
564:
561:
559:
556:
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551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:Dawoodi Bohra
535:
532:
529:
526:
524:
520:
517:
516:
514:
509:
506:
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501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
483:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:
461:
459:
457:
456:Hanafi school
454:
449:
446:
444:
443:Maliki school
441:
440:
438:
433:
432:Zahiri school
430:
428:
425:
424:
422:
421:
419:
417:
413:
412:
404:
401:
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396:
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371:
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340:
339:
333:
328:
327:
322:
321:
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309:
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301:
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296:
294:
291:
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286:
284:
281:
280:
278:
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270:
267:
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236:
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208:
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184:
178:
173:
172:
162:
159:
157:
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145:
142:
141:
140:
139:Ahl al-Hadith
137:
136:
134:
133:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
100:
99:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
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72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
61:
60:
54:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
35:
27:
20:
1663:
1655:Bibliography
1643:
1637:
1619:
1609:
1600:
1577:Al-Islam.org
1576:
1551:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1502:
1458:
1454:
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1427:
1418:
1409:
1371:
1339:
1292:
1281:
1270:
1264:Quran, 4: 64
1259:
1248:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1181:
1170:
1159:
1148:
1137:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1082:
1071:
1053:Intercession
1038:
1034:
1030:
1019:
985:
976:
964:
957:
945:
942:Intercessors
936:
928:
920:
912:
892:
884:
879:
871:
858:
846:
839:
830:
818:
810:
793:
789:
778:
775:
758:
754:intercession
747:
736:In the Quran
726:
724:" (Awliya).
709:
707:
700:
687:
685:
680:
676:
672:
662:
658:
656:
626:
625:
624:
621:Intercession
572:
415:
414:
403:Unaffiliated
336:
318:
274:
240:
181:
130:
96:
57:
1229:They said:
996:Ahl al-Bayt
849:the prophet
720:and other "
563:Qutbi Bohra
548:Alavi Bohra
151:Ahl al-Ra'y
1676:Categories
1305:References
826:Tabataba'i
650:(a Muslim
627:Shafa'a(h)
416:Including:
368:Mujassimah
76:Holy books
1428:Salafiyya
1410:Islam.org
861:Ibn Abbas
822:Wahhabism
692:Wahhabism
657:The word
503:Qizilbash
393:Ahmadiyya
388:Quraniyya
383:Qadariyya
378:Mu'tazila
332:Muhakkima
1434:28 April
1338:(1983).
1058:Tawassul
1047:See also
960:Muhammad
954:Prophets
894:Wahhabis
842:Muhammad
714:Muhammad
710:Shafa'ah
688:Shafa'at
681:Shafa'ah
659:Shafa'ah
528:Satpanth
498:Bektashi
358:Jabriyya
259:Prophecy
161:Maturidi
71:Prophets
26:a series
24:Part of
1554:, 1981
1533:, 1981
1005:toward
1003:Walayah
668:شَّفْعُ
534:Mustali
476:Shaykhi
472:Akhbari
283:Walayah
269:Qiyamah
235:Tabarra
230:Tawalla
156:Ash'ari
105:Shahada
1626:
1556:: p.81
1535:: p.81
1509:
973:Angels
967:Joseph
907:Tawhid
898:awliya
874:aqidah
702:bidʻah
646:by an
632:Arabic
519:Nizari
508:Ishiki
288:Tawhid
264:Imamah
254:Adalah
249:Tawhid
144:Athari
81:Angels
34:Aqidah
1064:Notes
988:Imams
982:Imams
948:Imams
932:63: 5
924:Jacob
915:Allah
881:Lord?
750:Quran
697:halal
663:shaf
652:saint
640:Islam
636:شفاعة
523:Khoja
493:Alevi
488:Alawi
468:Usuli
373:Murji
363:Jahmi
313:Jihad
298:Zakat
293:Salah
215:Jihad
210:Khums
200:Zakat
190:Salah
177:Shi'a
120:Zakat
110:Salah
53:Sunni
1624:ISBN
1507:ISBN
1436:2022
1041:Sufi
994:and
673:even
308:Hajj
303:Sawm
205:Hajj
195:Sawm
125:Hajj
115:Sawm
1463:doi
1459:107
1007:Ali
992:Ali
677:odd
644:God
66:God
28:on
1678::
1618:,
1585:^
1575:.
1561:^
1521:^
1477:^
1457:.
1453:.
1426:.
1408:.
1380:^
1348:^
1313:^
934:.
634::
474:,
470:,
1515:.
1471:.
1465::
1438:.
852:(
665:(
630:(
608:e
601:t
594:v
565:)
536:(
530:)
521:(
478:)
466:(
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