333:
1123:
510:
474:
450:
438:
498:
486:
462:
522:
710:
3804:
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3840:
2682:
7739:
2188:
3816:
2389:
Sukman al-Qutbi, were frequently involved in the politics and warfare of
Azarbaijan, tending to take the side of Aq-Sonqur II against the Eldigiizids. But when Nasr al-Din Sukman died without an heir in 581/1185, a bloodless struggle for power took place between Pahlavan b. Eldigiiz, who had married
2240:
As the
Georgians gradually became masters of northern Armenia, the south-central parts of the country passed under a Turkish dynasty calling itself the Shah-Armen (1100-1207), a title tantamount to "king of Armenia." Centered at Khilat (Arm. Xlat'; Tk. Ahlat), on the northwest shore of Lake Van, the
2301:
This condition became more accentuated especially during the period of the disintegration of the Saljuq empire, when the atabegs who had assumed great power in border districts, became autonomous. The
Danishmandids ruled in Lesser Armenia and Cappadocia 1005-06. Further in the west, in 1077, the
2259:
The Seljuk Empire of Iran, proclaimed in 1040, lasted little more than one hundred years. It, in turn, was destroyed by another wave of Turkic nomads, the Kara Khitai. In Asia Minor, a variety of states arose during the late eleventh and twelfth centuries, virtually independent of Iran and often
2320:
Despite the survival of various minor principalities, the disappearance of the kingdom of Ani marked the end of the last major political unit in
Greater Armenia for centuries to come. Nevertheless, some portions of the region recovered following the Seljuk conquest and the final withdrawal of
2460:
But the
Mamikonids succeeded in remaining sovereign, under vague Byzantine suzerainty, in the southwestern part of Taraun, round the fortress-city of Arsamosata, and in the neighboring Arzanenian land of Sasun, i.e., in the middle valley of the Arsanias, until their dispossession by the
2278:
The
Byzantines, who had destroyed the Bagratuni Kingdom a few years earlier, now lost it to the Turks. Many cities were looted, churches destroyed, trade disrupted and some of the population forcibly converted or enslaved. A number of dynasties such as the Danishmendids, Qaramanids,
3878:
2370:
The role of the ghulam commanders and the
Turkmen begs becomes very prominent in this period, and local Turkmen dynasties begin to form: the sons of Bursuq in Khuzistan; the Artuqids in Diyarbakr; at Khilat the
2618:
2406:
and the atabeg cIzz al-Din Mas'iid b. Qutb al-Din Maudud into an alliance against
Ayyubid aggression. After the death of Saladin in 589/1193, the Zangids recaptured most of the towns and fortresses of the
1980:
332:
1990:
8087:
218:
3871:
2260:
inimical toward each other. The most important of these were the
Danishmendid state centered at Sebastia/Sivas, the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (or Iconium) centered at Iconia/Konia and the
8072:
3684:
2321:
Byzantium. Ani generally prospered under
Shaddadid rule (1072–1199) despite, repeated Georgian attacks, as did Xlat under that of the "Philochristian" Armenized Seljuk dynasty of the
7776:
3864:
2482:, was a title assumed by a dynasty reigning at Ahlat, founded by Sokman Kothby, a slave of the Seljuk prince, Kotbbedin Ismail, who established an independent principality at
2256:
Richard G. Hovannisian. The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times Vol. I. Chapter 10 «Armenia during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods» by Robert Bedrosian. pp. 241-271:
329:. This dynastic name, which the rulers adopted, was established through the "ethnic make-up and political history" of the region they ruled, which was primarily Armenian.
2402:. Mosul and the Jazireh remained under Zangid rule, although the relentless advance of Saladin into the Jazireh posed a serious threat to the Zangids, driving the last
391:, who had long coveted Ahlat. The Ayyubids had come to the city at the invitation of people of Ahlat after the last Sökmenli ruler was killed by Tuğrulshah, the ruler (
2810:
1122:
2302:
Saljuq sultanate of Rum was established. From 1100, in the center of Xlaṭʿ (Aḵlaṭ) in the western part of Greater Armenia, the Sukmanids ruled, calling themselves
3347:
3510:
2889:
2058:
1072:
2216:
3483:
2884:
2141:
2046:
7769:
2036:
3281:
8082:
4169:
2670:
2398:, whilst Saladin annexed Mayyafariqin in Diyarbakr, a possession of the Artuqids of Mardin which had been latterly under the protectorship of the
3773:
2915:
2862:
2561:
2542:
348:) in 1100. Ahlatshahs were closely tied to Great Seljuq institutions, although they also followed independent policies like the wars against
2245:
changed greatly during the twelfth century in regard to what these shahs held and what was merely subject to them through ties of vassalage.
8077:
7762:
2793:
1960:
8062:
3240:
2955:
2781:
2099:
1950:
213:
3731:
3271:
3261:
2601:
1014:
4344:
3276:
3223:
3161:
2849:
2832:
2638:
2375:, descendants of Isma'Il b. Yaquti's ghulam Sukman al-Qutbl; and shortly afterwards the Zangids, descendants of Aq-Sonqur, in Mosul.
2124:
2016:
6292:
6227:
8067:
7785:
3709:
3394:
3193:
3117:
2905:
2151:
1065:
336:
Coinage of Sayf al-Din Begtimur ("Seyfettin Beytemür"). AH 579-589 (AD 1183-1193). Probably Ahlat mint. Dated AH (58)9 (AD 1193).
7840:
949:
3389:
2837:
2209:
1019:
959:
3832:
187:
162:
148:
3531:
3228:
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2988:
1684:
1086:
819:
5762:
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2648:
5626:
4253:
3620:
3337:
3058:
2178:
2129:
1930:
984:
6439:
3704:
3399:
3030:
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2146:
1040:
6180:
5734:
729:
8006:
6451:
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3266:
3188:
3112:
2857:
2663:
2026:
1814:
1058:
929:
834:
689:
473:
7975:
6421:
6356:
6445:
8057:
6433:
5768:
5750:
5692:
4201:
4196:
3382:
3357:
3235:
3085:
2922:
2910:
2776:
2630:
2202:
2136:
1940:
1102:
989:
899:
859:
4185:
7558:
7494:
6564:
6558:
3560:
3198:
3178:
2825:
2161:
1009:
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509:
449:
437:
497:
485:
8092:
5901:
5602:
4218:
3758:
3424:
3122:
3051:
2820:
2622:
461:
318:
7295:
7283:
6304:
4334:
4223:
2339:
It was not long before two Ortokid dynasties were created in Armenia and Kurdistan, the former by Sokman, the
734:
709:
313:
during approximately the same period. Another title Sökmen and his descendants assumed, as heirs to the local
7569:
7451:
7337:
7319:
7307:
6253:
5254:
2442:, but shortly before had been taken by Jalal ud-Din; this aggression was the cause of the war just mentioned.
521:
7708:
7343:
7331:
7313:
7301:
7289:
7182:
7133:
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5608:
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4354:
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2354:
Clifford Edmund Bosworth "The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual". Article «The
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5321:
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4774:
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4206:
3990:
3913:
3615:
3555:
3543:
3436:
3293:
2786:
2709:
2656:
2166:
1177:
1165:
1150:
1140:
167:
7690:
7564:
7176:
7077:
6910:
6755:
6427:
5614:
5400:
5272:
4963:
4803:
2589:
8031:
7714:
7696:
7684:
7623:
6846:
6658:
6405:
5455:
5449:
4999:
4596:
4578:
4359:
4289:
3763:
3548:
3538:
3505:
3245:
3068:
1594:
954:
894:
61:
7702:
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6765:
6217:
5406:
4838:
4832:
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4590:
4584:
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2476:
Austen Henry Layard «Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon». Gorgias Press LLC, 2002. P. 28:
361:
298:
6069:
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8036:
7915:
7457:
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6652:
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6588:
6570:
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5266:
4572:
4480:
4026:
3699:
3694:
3679:
3625:
3570:
3454:
3313:
3298:
3146:
3063:
2877:
1760:
5805:
5260:
4969:
4602:
8021:
8016:
7880:
7850:
6676:
4809:
4284:
4002:
3575:
3526:
3459:
3409:
3308:
3218:
3166:
2979:
2960:
2746:
2104:
1854:
1584:
1551:
1443:
1356:
1029:
722:
423:
306:
262:
248:
7059:
6953:
6904:
5097:
5036:
4993:
4975:
4666:
3791:
2590:"The House of Mengüjek in Divriği: Constructions of Dynastic Identity in the Late Twelfth Century"
7895:
7865:
7835:
7231:
5675:
5620:
4279:
4229:
3820:
3746:
3689:
3669:
3582:
3471:
3414:
3210:
3132:
2798:
2719:
2714:
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1970:
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1559:
1002:
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909:
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809:
698:
349:
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in order to acquire a succession claim, and the Ayyubid Saladin. In the end, Pahlavan took over
7349:
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6856:
6803:
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6342:
4826:
4152:
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7930:
7660:
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5889:
5081:
4378:
4349:
4274:
3844:
3753:
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3587:
3404:
3342:
3329:
3303:
3171:
3102:
3046:
2965:
2758:
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2694:
2634:
2597:
2156:
2109:
1824:
1750:
1634:
1624:
1604:
1574:
1111:
979:
974:
904:
849:
365:
254:
65:
2438:
He also gained the city of Khelat with dependencies that in former times had belonged to the
8011:
8001:
7950:
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7394:
7122:
6664:
6610:
6594:
6517:
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6116:
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5703:
5525:
5140:
4032:
3887:
3674:
3642:
3464:
3419:
3362:
3015:
2938:
2753:
2082:
1834:
1804:
1766:
1266:
889:
872:
854:
749:
400:
375:(1128–1185). He was married to a female relative (daughter or sister) of the Saltukid ruler
236:
224:
5561:
7905:
7860:
6622:
5566:
5076:
4957:
4875:
4190:
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3127:
3092:
2119:
1724:
1674:
1654:
1614:
1473:
1226:
1048:
969:
964:
914:
802:
388:
274:
180:
6916:
6809:
5696:
5517:
4987:
4981:
282:
7980:
7925:
7825:
7668:
7595:
7430:
7404:
7267:
7194:
5643:
5496:
5429:
5351:
4084:
3996:
3664:
3444:
3367:
3000:
2768:
2729:
1922:
1694:
924:
814:
8051:
7845:
7743:
7160:
7143:
6775:
5551:
4718:
4314:
4060:
3796:
3736:
3637:
3377:
3372:
3005:
2950:
2741:
2192:
2094:
1784:
829:
258:
209:
153:
7235:
8026:
7955:
7935:
7369:
6971:
6492:
5907:
5513:
4556:
4319:
4132:
4112:
4096:
4038:
4020:
3768:
3726:
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2803:
2578:
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1894:
1864:
1714:
278:
251:
7526:
7386:
6739:
6488:
5756:
4324:
597:
372:
371:
The Ahlatshahs reached their brightest period under the fifty-seven-year reign of
2519:
7965:
7875:
7855:
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7425:
7023:
7013:
6495:
6392:
6200:
6142:
6126:
5788:
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5521:
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5115:
5019:
4858:
4672:
4669:
4625:
4536:
4531:
4078:
3632:
2943:
2087:
1794:
1742:
1316:
759:
557:
75:
2367:
Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5 «The Saljuq and Mongol Periods» pp. 111–112:
418:. Local administrators are currently trying to have the tombstones included in
17:
7900:
7805:
7420:
7214:
6770:
6471:
6382:
6268:
6263:
6237:
6147:
6057:
5968:
5913:
5335:
5278:
5165:
5071:
5050:
4526:
4329:
4066:
4054:
1904:
1874:
1276:
1197:
1132:
404:
302:
2418:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. 9, BRILL 1997. P. 193, article: «Shah-i Arman»:
7960:
7870:
7638:
6397:
6095:
5976:
5729:
5713:
5535:
5433:
5184:
4936:
4723:
4694:
4662:
4521:
4511:
4048:
3903:
1884:
1704:
1564:
844:
411:
376:
353:
314:
310:
7537:
7008:
3856:
7920:
7910:
7885:
7820:
7815:
7612:
7038:
7034:
6993:
6963:
6936:
6829:
6702:
6387:
6324:
6273:
6152:
6031:
6016:
5972:
5951:
5825:
5477:
5476:
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under
5394:
5366:
5356:
5304:
5066:
5046:
4644:
4516:
4418:
4294:
4142:
4122:
4102:
4090:
3923:
3498:
3488:
2815:
2275:
George A. Boumoutian «A Concise History of the Armenian People», p. 109:
1844:
1644:
1424:
1286:
1216:
879:
774:
383:
was seized by a series of slave commanders after his death. In 1207, the
357:
270:
7985:
7890:
7654:
7633:
7542:
7532:
7520:
7435:
7028:
6882:
6866:
6760:
6531:
6527:
6522:
6401:
6366:
6011:
5990:
5856:
5846:
5576:
5227:
5211:
4921:
4916:
4434:
4408:
4391:
4008:
3974:
3963:
3952:
1664:
1453:
1433:
1366:
1346:
1306:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1024:
764:
620:
396:
2594:
The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East
7810:
7504:
7390:
7118:
7042:
6998:
6041:
6026:
5851:
5581:
5556:
5232:
4941:
4931:
4911:
4890:
4753:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4702:
4698:
4546:
4541:
4439:
3969:
3493:
2686:
2681:
2523:
2317:
Joseph Strayer «Dictionary of the Middle Ages» vol. 1, 1982. P. 505:
2008:
1513:
1483:
1406:
1336:
1296:
789:
784:
769:
419:
7003:
4551:
2435:
Encyclopædia Britannica, vol 20, 1961 by Harry S. Ashmore. P. 310:
2296:
ARMENIA AND IRAN vi. Armeno-Iranian relations in the Islamic period
340:
The Beylik was founded by the Sökmen el-Kutbî who took over Ahlat (
7262:
7246:
7018:
6967:
6537:
6258:
6021:
6006:
5986:
5861:
5571:
5445:
5371:
5331:
4926:
4906:
4885:
4490:
4444:
3957:
3947:
3927:
2627:
The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
2483:
2424:, denoted the Turcoman rulers of Ahlat from 493/1100 to 604/1207.
2395:
1533:
1523:
1503:
1493:
1463:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1326:
779:
415:
331:
266:
51:
2465:
in 1189/1190 and their migration to Armenia-in-Exile, in Cilicia.
7800:
4748:
4269:
1206:
739:
7758:
7593:
7475:
7367:
7212:
7095:
6934:
6827:
6700:
6469:
6322:
6198:
6093:
5949:
5786:
5673:
5494:
5302:
5182:
5017:
4856:
4642:
4461:
4389:
4376:
3860:
2652:
6542:
301:, literally "Sökmen the Slave", one of the commanders of the
708:
2453:
Cyrille Toumanoff «Studies in Christian Caucasian history»
536:
305:. The Ahlatshah Sökmenli should not be confused with the
2237:
Robert H. Hewsen «Armenia: A Historical Atlas», p. 129:
5428:
First period of incorporation (by marriage) into the
352:
in alliance with their neighbours to the north, the
7994:
7793:
7677:
7647:
7551:
7513:
7444:
7413:
7276:
7255:
7169:
7153:
7052:
6980:
6891:
6875:
6784:
6748:
6551:
6414:
6375:
6285:
6246:
6161:
6135:
6050:
5999:
5870:
5834:
5743:
5722:
5636:
5595:
5544:
5416:
5381:
5344:
5241:
5220:
5149:
5124:
5090:
5059:
4950:
4899:
4819:
4790:
4767:
4711:
4618:
4565:
4499:
4427:
4307:
4262:
4246:
4239:
4178:
4162:
3983:
3940:
3601:
3519:
3435:
3328:
3254:
3209:
3154:
3145:
3039:
2987:
2978:
2931:
2898:
2848:
2767:
2728:
2702:
2693:
111:
101:
89:
81:
71:
57:
47:
32:
8088:States and territories disestablished in the 1200s
356:. They also acquired links with the branch of the
2343:(or "King of Armenia") and the other by Il-Ghazi.
2336:Vahan M. Kurkjian «A History of Armenia» p. 168:
364:), becoming part of a nexus of principalities in
297:in reference to the founder of the principality,
2560:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPeacockYildiz2013 (
8073:States and territories established in the 1100s
2592:. In Peacock, A.C.S.; Yildiz, Sara Nur (eds.).
426:, where they are currently listed tentatively.
410:The Ahlatshahs left a large number of historic
7770:
3872:
2664:
2555:
2283:, and the Seljuks of Rum emerged in Anatolia.
2210:
1066:
8:
6404:transferred in 1301 to Dündar Bey's brother
5637:Sinop Dynasty or Isfendiyarid Dynasty :
5114:Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik of
2541:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBosworth2004 (
273:. This region comprised most of modern-day
7777:
7763:
7755:
7590:
7472:
7364:
7209:
7092:
6931:
6824:
6697:
6466:
6319:
6195:
6090:
5946:
5783:
5670:
5491:
5299:
5179:
5014:
4853:
4639:
4458:
4386:
4373:
4243:
3937:
3879:
3865:
3857:
3598:
3151:
2984:
2699:
2671:
2657:
2649:
2497:
2217:
2203:
1096:
1073:
1059:
683:
29:
5444:Second period of Beylik reconstituted by
2536:
2486:in A.D. 1100, which lasted eighty years.
5156:Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?)
4170:Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
2230:
1110:
1099:
697:
686:
433:
325:("Shah of Armenia"), often rendered as
4768:Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty:
2422:SHAH-I ARMAN, "King of the Armenians"
379:. Since Sökmen II was childless, the
293:The dynasty is sometimes also called
110:
100:
96:
7:
5627:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha the Second
5131:Mengücekli Davud Shah (1142- ?)
3827:
3815:
6440:Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey
2480:Shah Armens, i.e. Kings of Armenia
25:
6649:(1398–1399, 1402–1420, 1421–1423)
6181:Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the Second
4791:Mardin Dynasty or Ilgazi Dynasty:
4345:Ikhtiyar al-Din Hasan ibn Ghafras
1765:(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as
269:on the northwestern shore of the
223: (lit. 'Kings of Armenia',
7786:States in late medieval Anatolia
7737:
7648:Important centers and extension:
7514:Important centers and extension:
7414:Important centers and extension:
7256:Important centers and extension:
7154:Important centers and extension:
6876:Important centers and extension:
6749:Important centers and extension:
6452:Hamidoğlu Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey
6376:Important centers and extension:
6247:Important centers and extension:
6136:Important centers and extension:
6000:Important centers and extension:
5835:Important centers and extension:
5723:Important centers and extension:
5545:Important centers and extension:
5345:Important centers and extension:
5221:Important centers and extension:
5060:Important centers and extension:
4900:Important centers and extension:
4712:Important centers and extension:
4500:Important centers and extension:
4428:Important centers and extension:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3803:
3802:
3790:
3194:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
2680:
2520:"Tentative World Heritage Sites"
2186:
1729:224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)
1121:
520:
508:
496:
484:
472:
460:
448:
436:
185:
160:
146:
6981:Important centers and extension
6422:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
6357:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
3941:Important centers and extension
3839:
2294:Encyclopædia Iranica, article:
1020:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
651:
627:
592:
566:
538:
8083:1207 disestablishments in Asia
6446:Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin Ilyas Bey
6293:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
6228:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
1585:Kingdom of Alexander the Great
1087:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
1:
6434:Hamidoğlu Necmeddin Ishak Bey
4254:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
1155:
598:Nasireddin Muhammed Sökmen II
3685:Intangible cultural heritage
3031:Southeastern Anatolia Region
2863:Proclamation of the republic
8078:1071 establishments in Asia
8007:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
5763:Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan
5516:, commander descended from
2956:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
2455:Georgetown University Press
2241:political situation of the
2100:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
1815:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
835:Christianization of Armenia
618:The beys from then on were
360:based in Meyyafarikin (now
8109:
8063:History of Bitlis Province
4202:Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)
4197:Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)
2787:Conquest of Constantinople
2631:Edinburgh University Press
900:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
860:Muslim conquest of Armenia
414:in and around the city of
214:Excessive citations inline
7732:
7603:
7589:
7485:
7471:
7377:
7363:
7222:
7208:
7105:
7091:
6944:
6930:
6837:
6823:
6710:
6696:
6479:
6465:
6332:
6318:
6208:
6194:
6103:
6089:
5959:
5945:
5902:Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey
5796:
5782:
5683:
5669:
5603:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha
5504:
5490:
5312:
5298:
5192:
5178:
5125:Erzincan and Kemah Branch
5027:
5013:
4866:
4852:
4652:
4638:
4471:
4457:
4399:
4385:
4372:
3936:
3894:
3786:
3294:The constitutional system
2826:Second Constitutional Era
2811:Decline and modernization
2556:Peacock & Yildiz 2013
1981:Decline and modernization
1931:Periods of Ottoman Empire
1010:First Republic of Armenia
885:Principality of Hamamshen
755:Lchashen–Metsamor culture
745:Trialeti–Vanadzor culture
235:(lit. 'Rulers of Ahlat',
125:
121:
97:
42:
6345:, frontier rulers under
6305:Germiyanlı Süleyman Shah
5971:, brother-in-law of the
5524:in the imperial army of
4219:Battle of Iconium (1190)
3277:Ministry of the Interior
3262:Administrative divisions
2821:First Constitutional Era
2623:Clifford Edmund Bosworth
2588:Pancaroğlu, Oya (2013).
2262:state of the Shah-Armens
321:, was the Persian title
319:Clifford Edmund Bosworth
8068:History of Van Province
7570:Muzafferuddin Ishak Bey
7452:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
7395:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
7387:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
7195:Pervâneoğlu Gazi Çelebi
7123:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6347:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6254:Kula (District), Manisa
6117:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
5975:governor for Anatolia,
5704:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
5526:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
5141:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
5139:Incorporation into the
4213:Battle of Myriokephalon
3888:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
3224:Parliamentary elections
3026:Eastern Anatolia Region
3021:Central Anatolia Region
2703:Ancient and Middle Ages
2390:a daughter to the aged
920:Principality of Khachen
785:Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
730:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
713:Coat of Arms of Armenia
656:Melikülmansur Muhammed
479:Ahlat gravestone Detail
219:considered for deletion
7709:Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey
7332:Giyas al-Din Halil Bey
7183:Pervâneoğlu Mehmed Bey
7115:Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî
6507:Kerimeddin Karaman Bey
6169:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
6113:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
6064:Giyath al-Din Muhammad
5926:Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey
5884:Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey
5609:Candaroğlu Ibrahim Bey
5514:Şemseddin Yaman Candar
5285:Melikshah bin Muhammed
4207:Battle of Mount Cadmus
4179:Wars and major battles
3395:Science and technology
3229:Presidential elections
2710:Prehistory of Anatolia
2488:
2467:
2444:
2426:
2409:
2377:
2345:
2327:
2308:
2285:
2266:
2247:
2152:Constitutional history
2037:Provisional government
1991:Defeat and dissolution
1141:Prehistory of Anatolia
714:
403:and brother of Sultan
387:was taken over by the
368:and Eastern Anatolia.
337:
265:(1071) and centred in
240:
228:
168:Marwanids (Diyar Bakr)
113:• Disestablished
8032:Philaretos Brachamios
7189:Pervâneoğlu Mesud Bey
6683:Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey
6299:Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey
6076:Mehmed Bey the Second
5896:Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey
5656:Kemaleddin Ismail Bey
4609:Muhammed bin Begtimur
4360:Shams al-Din Isfahani
4335:Shams al-Din Altınapa
4290:Karim al-Din Aqsarayi
4186:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
3390:Free trade agreements
3272:Intelligence Services
3069:North Anatolian Fault
2477:
2458:
2436:
2419:
2385:, descendants of the
2379:
2368:
2337:
2318:
2299:
2276:
2257:
2238:
1595:Kingdom of Cappadocia
1151:Palaeolithic Anatolia
895:Kingdom of Vaspurakan
712:
335:
317:princes according to
103:• Establishment
58:Common languages
7454:(1275–1288) and sons
6720:Melik Danişmend Gazi
6671:Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed
6647:Sultanzâde Mehmet II
6641:Nasreddin Mehmed Bey
6595:Alâeddin Halil Mirza
6175:Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey
5932:Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey
5878:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
5816:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
5769:Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey
5751:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
5693:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
5650:Taceddin Ibrahim Bey
5462:İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey
5389:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
5322:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
5164:Beylik destroyed by
5104:Mengücekli Ishak Bey
4781:Sökmenli Ibrahim Bey
4775:Müinüddin Sökmen Bey
4684:Muinüddin Sökmen Bey
4355:Mu'in al-Din Parwana
4308:Other notable people
4263:Writers and scholars
3774:World heritage sites
3299:Turkish Armed Forces
3184:Constitutional Court
3098:Flora and vegetation
3076:Environmental issues
3064:East Anatolian Fault
3011:Mediterranean Region
1761:Eastern Roman Empire
1025:Contemporary Armenia
605:Died without heirs.
261:, founded after the
8022:Knights Hospitaller
8017:Empire of Trebizond
7691:Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey
7565:Fahreddin Ilyas Bey
6911:Inançoğlu Ishak Bey
6601:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
6589:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
6428:Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey
5615:Candaroğlu Adil Bey
5401:Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey
5374:(between 1336–1344)
5273:Nâsırüddin Muhammed
5255:Ali bin Ebu'l-Kâsım
4804:Hüsameddin Timurtaş
4758:temporarily in 1117
4285:Siraj al-Din Urmavi
3343:Banking and Finance
2961:History of Anatolia
2858:War of Independence
2850:Republic of Türkiye
2747:Battle of Manzikert
2105:History of Anatolia
2027:War of Independence
1855:Empire of Trebizond
1719:133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
1166:Mesolithic Anatolia
1030:Republic of Artsakh
780:Nairi Confederation
735:Kura–Araxes culture
632:Bedreddin Aksungur
613:Seyfettin Beytemür
571:Zahireddin İbrahim
533:List of Shah-Armens
424:World Heritage List
263:Battle of Manzikert
7896:Kadi Burhan al-Din
7715:Tekeoğlu Osman Bey
7697:Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey
7685:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
7624:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
6966:castle and nearby
6847:Germiyanlı Ali Bey
6653:Bengi Alâeddin Ali
6629:Seyfeddin Süleyman
6559:Kerîmeddin Karaman
6406:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
6341:Hamid and his son
5621:Celaleddin Bayezid
5456:Aydınoğlu Umur Bey
5450:Aydınoğlu Musa Bey
5000:Nasreddin Muhammed
4693:Three branches in
4661:Eksük and his son
4597:Seyfeddin Begtimur
4579:Ibrahim bin Sökmen
4280:Fakhr al-Din Iraqi
4230:Battle of Elbistan
4224:Battle of Köse Dağ
3400:Telecommunications
3189:Court of Cassation
2890:Multi-party period
2799:Ottoman Old Regime
2720:Byzantine Anatolia
2715:Classical Anatolia
2583:Pre-Ottoman Turkey
2264:centered at Khlat.
2147:Diplomatic history
2059:Multi-party period
2009:Republic of Turkey
1785:Great Seljuk State
1775:Rashidun Caliphate
1560:Classical Anatolia
1178:Neolithic Anatolia
930:Kingdom of Cilicia
910:Kingdom of Artsakh
890:Kingdom of Armenia
880:Emirate of Armenia
840:Kingdom of Sophene
820:Kingdom of Armenia
810:Satrapy of Armenia
715:
338:
8058:Anatolian beyliks
8045:
8044:
7752:
7751:
7744:Turkey portal
7728:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7703:Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey
7663:between 1361–1373
7661:Kingdom of Cyprus
7585:
7584:
7467:
7466:
7359:
7358:
7204:
7203:
7087:
7086:
7045:between 1300–1314
6926:
6925:
6819:
6818:
6692:
6691:
6461:
6460:
6314:
6313:
6276:between 1300–1368
6218:Kerimüddin Alişir
6190:
6189:
6085:
6084:
5941:
5940:
5778:
5777:
5695:, commander from
5665:
5664:
5486:
5485:
5407:Aydınoğlu Isa Bey
5294:
5293:
5174:
5173:
5009:
5008:
4848:
4847:
4839:Sökmen the Second
4833:Nureddin Muhammed
4634:
4633:
4591:Sökmen the Second
4585:Ahmed bin Ibrahim
4453:
4452:
4379:Anatolian beyliks
4368:
4367:
4350:Manuel Maurozomes
4340:Sa'd al-Din Köpek
4303:
4302:
4275:Haji Bektash Veli
3854:
3853:
3782:
3781:
3324:
3323:
3267:Foreign relations
3241:Political parties
3141:
3140:
2974:
2973:
2966:History of Thrace
2868:Atatürk's reforms
2759:Anatolian beyliks
2619:(limited preview)
2227:
2226:
2193:Turkey portal
2110:History of Thrace
2067:
2066:
2017:Periods of Turkey
1999:
1998:
1913:
1912:
1825:Anatolian beyliks
1751:Medieval Anatolia
1733:
1732:
1635:Kingdom of Pontus
1625:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1575:Achaemenid Empire
1542:
1541:
1415:
1414:
1188:
1187:
1083:
1082:
990:National movement
980:Armenian genocide
975:Armenian question
905:Kingdom of Syunik
850:Byzantine Armenia
677:
676:
669:Izzeddin Balaban
644:Şücaüddin Kutluğ
455:Ahlat Gravestones
443:Ahlat Gravestones
399:on behalf of the
366:Upper Mesopotamia
309:, which ruled in
231:), also known as
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
173:
172:
16:(Redirected from
8100:
8012:Empire of Nicaea
8002:Byzantine Empire
7995:Christian states
7951:Sultanate of Rum
7779:
7772:
7765:
7756:
7742:
7741:
7740:
7591:
7473:
7365:
7210:
7177:Süleyman Pervâne
7134:Süleyman Pervâne
7093:
6932:
6907:(~1314 - ?)
6825:
6698:
6665:Sultanzâde Ishak
6623:Burhaneddin Musa
6577:Bedreddin Mahmut
6467:
6320:
6196:
6115:, regent to the
6091:
6070:Alâeddin Ali Bey
5947:
5784:
5671:
5492:
5300:
5180:
5015:
4964:Gazi Gümüshtigin
4854:
4798:Necmeddin Ilgazi
4640:
4619:Important works:
4459:
4387:
4374:
4244:
4033:Kilij Arslan III
3938:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3858:
3842:
3841:
3830:
3829:
3818:
3817:
3806:
3805:
3794:
3599:
3484:Cities and towns
3465:Turkish language
3420:Turkish Airlines
3236:Electoral system
3199:Council of State
3152:
3086:Waste management
3016:Black Sea Region
2994:
2985:
2939:Turkic migration
2885:One-party period
2754:Sultanate of Rum
2700:
2685:
2684:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2650:
2644:
2607:
2566:
2565:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2474:
2468:
2451:
2445:
2433:
2427:
2416:
2410:
2365:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2334:
2328:
2315:
2309:
2292:
2286:
2273:
2267:
2254:
2248:
2243:Shah-Armen state
2235:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2157:Cultural history
2142:Military history
2137:Economic history
2083:Turkic migration
2047:One-party period
2023:
2022:
1937:
1936:
1835:County of Edessa
1805:Sultanate of Rum
1767:Empire of Nicaea
1757:
1756:
1571:
1570:
1565:Classical Thrace
1430:
1429:
1267:Achaeans (Homer)
1203:
1202:
1170:c. 11,000–
1157:
1147:
1146:
1125:
1115:
1097:
1075:
1068:
1061:
943:Early modern age
855:Sasanian Armenia
702:
684:
537:
527:Ahlat Gravestone
524:
515:Ahlat Gravestone
512:
503:Ahlat Gravestone
500:
491:Ahlat Gravestone
488:
476:
467:Ahlat Gravestone
464:
452:
440:
401:Sultanate of Rum
255:Anatolian beylik
222:
189:
188:
177:
176:
164:
163:
150:
149:
143:
142:
127:
126:
30:
21:
8108:
8107:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8093:Sunni dynasties
8048:
8047:
8046:
8041:
8037:Zaccaria family
7990:
7789:
7783:
7753:
7748:
7738:
7736:
7720:
7711:(~1360 - ~1375)
7673:
7643:
7599:
7581:
7547:
7509:
7481:
7463:
7458:Nusreddin Ahmed
7440:
7409:
7373:
7355:
7272:
7251:
7218:
7200:
7165:
7149:
7146:
7101:
7083:
7080:(~1340 - ~1360)
7074:(~1320 - ~1340)
7068:(~1282 - ~1320)
7062:(~1261 - ~1282)
7048:
6976:
6940:
6922:
6901:(~1300 - ~1314)
6887:
6871:
6833:
6815:
6780:
6744:
6706:
6688:
6611:Fahreddin Ahmed
6547:
6475:
6457:
6410:
6371:
6328:
6310:
6281:
6274:Beylik of Lâdik
6242:
6204:
6186:
6157:
6131:
6099:
6081:
6046:
5995:
5955:
5937:
5866:
5830:
5792:
5774:
5753:(1309 - ?)
5739:
5718:
5679:
5661:
5632:
5591:
5540:
5500:
5482:
5436:the Thunderbolt
5412:
5377:
5340:
5308:
5290:
5267:Izzeddin Saltuk
5237:
5216:
5188:
5170:
5145:
5120:
5086:
5055:
5023:
5005:
4958:Danishmend Gazi
4946:
4895:
4876:Danishmend Gazi
4862:
4844:
4820:Harput Dynasty:
4815:
4786:
4763:
4707:
4648:
4630:
4614:
4573:Sökmen el Kutbi
4561:
4495:
4481:Sökmen el Kutbi
4467:
4449:
4423:
4395:
4381:
4364:
4299:
4258:
4235:
4191:Siege of Nicaea
4174:
4158:
4073:Kilij Arslan IV
4027:Süleymanshah II
4015:Kilij Arslan II
3979:
3932:
3890:
3885:
3855:
3850:
3778:
3597:
3593:Women in Turkey
3561:Law enforcement
3515:
3511:Life expectancy
3477:Islam in Turkey
3431:
3320:
3282:National Police
3250:
3205:
3137:
3128:Turkish Riviera
3035:
2992:
2991:
2970:
2927:
2894:
2873:Language reform
2844:
2763:
2724:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2647:
2641:
2621:
2614:
2604:
2587:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2498:Pancaroğlu 2013
2496:
2492:
2475:
2471:
2452:
2448:
2434:
2430:
2417:
2413:
2381:In Armenia the
2366:
2362:
2356:Shâh-i Armanids
2353:
2349:
2335:
2331:
2316:
2312:
2293:
2289:
2274:
2270:
2255:
2251:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2187:
2185:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2162:Genetic history
2077:
2069:
2068:
2052:
2021:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1914:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1725:Sasanian Empire
1685:Armenian Empire
1675:Parthian Empire
1655:Attalid kingdom
1615:Seleucid Empire
1569:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1427:
1417:
1416:
1227:Akkadian Empire
1200:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1182:c. 8,000–
1171:
1159:
1145:
1135:
1113:
1106:
1095:
1079:
1035:
1034:
1015:Armenian S.S.R.
1005:
995:
994:
985:Western Armenia
970:Armenian Oblast
965:Russian Armenia
960:Ottoman Armenia
950:Iranian Armenia
945:
935:
934:
915:Zakarid Armenia
875:
865:
864:
825:Armenian Empire
805:
795:
794:
725:
700:
693:
682:
535:
528:
525:
516:
513:
504:
501:
492:
489:
480:
477:
468:
465:
456:
453:
444:
441:
432:
299:Sökmen el-Kutbî
291:
281:, and parts of
207:
186:
181:Ayyubid dynasty
161:
147:
114:
104:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Shah-i Armanids
15:
12:
11:
5:
8106:
8104:
8096:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8050:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7998:
7996:
7992:
7991:
7989:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7926:Ottoman Empire
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7826:Candaroğulları
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7797:
7795:
7791:
7790:
7784:
7782:
7781:
7774:
7767:
7759:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7733:
7730:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7718:
7712:
7706:
7700:
7694:
7688:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7671:
7669:Teke Peninsula
7666:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7601:
7600:
7594:
7587:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7579:
7573:
7567:
7562:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7523:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7476:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7461:
7455:
7448:
7446:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7407:
7405:Afyonkarahisar
7402:
7400:
7397:
7384:
7382:
7378:
7375:
7374:
7368:
7361:
7360:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7347:
7341:
7335:
7329:
7323:
7317:
7311:
7305:
7299:
7293:
7287:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7265:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7252:
7250:
7249:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7229:
7227:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7213:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7192:
7186:
7180:
7173:
7171:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7147:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7112:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7096:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7081:
7075:
7069:
7063:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6989:Muğla Province
6984:
6982:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6935:
6928:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6920:
6914:
6908:
6902:
6895:
6893:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6885:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6828:
6821:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6807:
6801:
6795:
6788:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6708:
6707:
6701:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6656:
6650:
6644:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6620:
6614:
6608:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6562:
6555:
6553:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6525:
6520:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6470:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6449:
6443:
6437:
6431:
6425:
6418:
6416:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6339:
6337:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6323:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6302:
6296:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6199:
6192:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6178:
6172:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6094:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6061:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6037:Şebinkarahisar
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6003:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5950:
5943:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5893:
5887:
5881:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:Hasan Dulkadir
5803:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5787:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5674:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5653:
5647:
5644:Isfendiyar Bey
5640:
5638:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5606:
5605:(1309 - ~1340)
5599:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5497:Candaroğulları
5495:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5466:with intervals
5459:
5453:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5430:Ottoman Empire
5426:
5424:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5404:
5398:
5392:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5303:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5261:Ziyâüddin Gazi
5258:
5257:(1102 - ~1124)
5252:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5183:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5151:
5150:Divriği Branch
5147:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5101:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5082:Şebinkarahisar
5079:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5018:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4857:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4836:
4830:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4778:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4643:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4576:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4462:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4390:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4150:
4140:
4130:
4120:
4110:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4085:Kaykhusraw III
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3997:Kilij Arslan I
3994:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3861:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3836:
3824:
3812:
3800:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3710:Radio stations
3707:
3702:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:Turkish people
3441:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3410:Transportation
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3118:National parks
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3052:Climate change
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3001:Marmara Region
2997:
2995:
2993:(west to east)
2982:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2906:Constitutional
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2796:
2794:Transformation
2791:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2769:Ottoman Empire
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2738:
2736:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2653:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2615:
2613:
2612:External links
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:978-1848858879
2602:
2596:. I.B.Tauris.
2585:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2548:
2539:, p. 197.
2529:
2511:
2509:Cahen, p. 107.
2502:
2490:
2469:
2446:
2428:
2411:
2360:
2347:
2329:
2310:
2287:
2268:
2249:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2063:(1945–present)
2061:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1961:Transformation
1957:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1695:Roman Republic
1691:
1690:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1518:859–595/585 BC
1516:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1411:859–595/585 BC
1409:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:500,000–
1153:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:Five Melikdoms
952:
946:
941:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
927:
925:Mongol Armenia
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
871:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
806:
801:
800:
797:
796:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
740:Legend of Hayk
737:
732:
726:
721:
720:
717:
716:
705:
704:
695:
694:
687:
681:
678:
675:
674:
672:
670:
667:
663:
662:
660:
657:
654:
650:
649:
647:
645:
642:
638:
637:
635:
633:
630:
626:
625:
616:
614:
611:
607:
606:
603:
600:
595:
591:
590:
588:
585:
582:
578:
577:
575:
572:
569:
565:
564:
562:
560:
555:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
534:
531:
530:
529:
526:
519:
517:
514:
507:
505:
502:
495:
493:
490:
483:
481:
478:
471:
469:
466:
459:
457:
454:
447:
445:
442:
435:
431:
428:
290:
287:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
183:
174:
171:
170:
165:
157:
156:
151:
139:
138:
133:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8105:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7993:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7846:Danishmendids
7844:
7842:
7841:Çubukoğulları
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7794:Muslim states
7792:
7787:
7780:
7775:
7773:
7768:
7766:
7761:
7760:
7757:
7745:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7701:
7698:
7695:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7646:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7588:
7577:
7574:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7554:
7550:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7528:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7512:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7487:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7470:
7459:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7443:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7412:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7362:
7351:
7348:
7345:
7342:
7339:
7336:
7333:
7330:
7327:
7324:
7321:
7318:
7315:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7291:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7275:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7258:
7254:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7207:
7196:
7193:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7168:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7090:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7051:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6973:
6970:, later also
6969:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6929:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6890:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6874:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6839:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6822:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6783:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6747:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6695:
6684:
6681:
6678:
6675:
6672:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6645:
6642:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6621:
6618:
6615:
6612:
6609:
6606:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6584:
6581:
6578:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:successively
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6464:
6453:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6420:
6419:
6417:
6413:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6317:
6306:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6277:
6275:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6193:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6088:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5992:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5934:(1507- ~1525)
5933:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5791:(1348- ~1525)
5790:
5785:
5781:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5668:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5489:
5479:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5297:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5052:
5049:, later also
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4811:
4810:Necmeddin Alp
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4394:(1081 - 1092)
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:Gevher Nesibe
4313:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4154:
4151:
4149:) (1303–1307)
4148:
4144:
4141:
4139:) (1301–1303)
4138:
4134:
4131:
4129:) (1294–1301)
4128:
4124:
4121:
4119:) (1293–1294)
4118:
4114:
4111:
4109:) (1284–1293)
4108:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4061:Kaykhusraw II
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4045:) (1205–1211)
4044:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3954:
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3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
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3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3847:
3846:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:Air pollution
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Aegean Region
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Turkification
2949:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:Classical Age
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:Seljuk Empire
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2642:
2640:0-7486-2137-7
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2558:, p. 54.
2557:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2537:Bosworth 2004
2533:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2500:, p. 54.
2499:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2383:Shah-Armanids
2376:
2374:
2373:Shah-Armanids
2364:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:“Šāh-e Arman”
2297:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2282:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2231:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:Turkification
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:Classical Age
1949:
1948:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:190 BC–428 AD
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:247 BC–224 AD
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1552:Classical Age
1548:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:Median Empire
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
999:
998:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
944:
939:
938:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
869:
868:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
830:Roman Armenia
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
815:Armenia Minor
813:
811:
808:
807:
804:
799:
798:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
724:
719:
718:
711:
707:
706:
703:
696:
691:
685:
679:
673:
671:
668:
665:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
648:
646:
643:
640:
639:
636:
634:
631:
628:
623:
622:
617:
615:
612:
609:
608:
604:
601:
599:
596:
593:
589:
586:
583:
580:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
563:
561:
559:
556:
553:
552:
548:
545:
542:
539:
532:
523:
518:
511:
506:
499:
494:
487:
482:
475:
470:
463:
458:
451:
446:
439:
434:
429:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
334:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:Seljuk Empire
256:
253:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
220:
216:
215:
211:
206:
184:
182:
179:
178:
175:
169:
166:
159:
158:
155:
154:Seljuk Empire
152:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
124:
120:
116:
106:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
41:
31:
19:
8027:Latin Empire
7956:Sahib Ataids
7945:
7936:Qara Qoyunlu
7788:(after 1071)
7717:(~1375–1390)
7699:(? - ?)
7659:lost to the
7658:
7370:Sahib Ataids
7322:(? - ?)
7316:(? - ?)
7060:Menteshe Bey
7033:temporarily
6987:present-day
6954:Menteshe Bey
6939:(~1261–1424)
6917:Süleyman Bey
6905:Murad Arslan
6832:(~1300–1368)
6810:Süleyman Bey
6635:Alâeddin Ali
6604:
6474:(~1250–1487)
6448:(? - ?)
6442:(? - ?)
6436:(? - ?)
6424:(~1280–1324)
6327:(~1280–1374)
6272:
5908:Melik Arslan
5765:(? - ?)
5759:(? - ?)
5702:clan of the
5585:
5499:(~1300–1461)
5465:
5403:(? - ?)
5263:(~1124–1132)
5098:Mengücek Bey
5037:Mengücek Bey
4994:Melik Ismail
4982:Melik Zünnun
4976:Melik Mehmed
4841:(? - ?)
4835:(? - ?)
4757:
4587:(? - ?)
4581:(? - ?)
4463:
4320:Gurju Khatun
4146:
4136:
4133:Kayqubad III
4126:
4116:
4113:Kayqubad III
4106:
4097:Kayqubad III
4042:
4039:Kaykhusraw I
4021:Kaykhusraw I
3843:
3831:
3819:
3807:
3795:
3680:Illumination
3616:Architecture
3544:Human rights
3532:Universities
3450:Ethnic Kurds
3437:Demographics
3348:Construction
2626:
2593:
2582:
2579:Claude Cahen
2551:
2532:
2514:
2505:
2493:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2440:Shah-i-Armen
2439:
2437:
2431:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2332:
2325:(1100-1207).
2322:
2319:
2313:
2303:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2167:LGBT history
2125:Christianity
1895:Kara Koyunlu
1865:Latin Empire
1743:Medieval Age
1715:Ancient Rome
1709:163 BC–72 AD
1444:Neo-Hittites
1357:Neo-Hittites
1341:1300–1250 BC
1321:1500–1290 BC
1311:1500–1300 BC
1301:1500–1320 BC
1291:1680–1220 BC
1281:1650–1450 BC
1271:1700–1300 BC
1261:1780–1680 BC
1251:1950–1750 BC
1241:2300–1400 BC
1231:2400–2150 BC
1221:2500–2000 BC
765:Arme–Shupria
619:
409:
392:
384:
380:
370:
345:
341:
339:
326:
323:Shah-i Arman
322:
294:
292:
252:Sunni Muslim
244:
232:
212:
204:
202:
136:Succeeded by
135:
130:
7976:Tanrıbermiş
7971:Tacettinids
7966:Sarukhanids
7946:Shah-Armens
7931:Pervâneoğlu
7916:Mengüjekids
7876:Germiyanids
7856:Dulkadirids
7598:(1301–1423)
7578:(1388–1390)
7561:(1302–1345)
7559:Saruhan Bey
7495:Saruhan Bey
7480:(1302–1410)
7478:Sarukhanids
7460:(1288–1341)
7372:(1275–1341)
7340:(1511–1516)
7334:(1490–1511)
7304:(1417–1427)
7298:(1416–1417)
7296:Ibrahim Bey
7284:Ibrahim Bey
7232:Ramazan Bey
7217:(1352–1516)
7197:(1300–1326)
7191:(1296–1300)
7185:(1277–1296)
7179:(1261–1277)
7100:(1261–1322)
7098:Pervâneoğlu
6919:(1345–1368)
6913:(? - ~1360)
6812:(1345–1360)
6806:(1328–1345)
6800:(1328–1345)
6794:(1307–1328)
6705:(1303–1360)
6685:(1483–1487)
6679:(1469–1483)
6673:(1464–1469)
6661:(1424–1464)
6655:(1418–1424)
6643:(1398–1399)
6637:(1357–1398)
6631:(1356–1357)
6625:(1351–1356)
6619:(1350–1351)
6613:(1349–1350)
6607:(1348–1349)
6597:(1333–1348)
6591:(1312–1333)
6585:(1308–1312)
6579:(1300–1308)
6573:(1283–1300)
6567:(1261–1283)
6561:(1256–1261)
6430:(1324–1330)
6307:(1361–1387)
6301:(1340–1361)
6295:(1300–1340)
6203:(1300–1429)
6201:Germiyanids
6183:(1320–1326)
6177:(1302–1320)
6171:(1288–1302)
6098:(1288–1326)
6078:(1380–1381)
6072:(1365–1380)
6066:(1352–1365)
6060:(1328–1352)
5954:(1328–1381)
5928:(1492–1507)
5904:(1443–1454)
5898:(1396–1443)
5892:(1386–1396)
5886:(1348–1386)
5880:(1348–1348)
5789:Dulkadirids
5678:(1227–1309)
5658:(1443–1461)
5652:(1440–1443)
5646:(1385–1440)
5629:(1384–1392)
5623:(1361–1385)
5617:(1340–1361)
5611:(1340–1345)
5586:temporarily
5522:Oghuz Turks
5464:(1405–1425
5458:(1403–1405)
5452:(1402–1403)
5397:(1334–1348)
5391:(1307–1334)
5372:Sakız/Chios
5307:(1307–1425)
5287:(1200–1202)
5281:(1191–1200)
5275:(1168–1191)
5269:(1132–1168)
5251:(1072–1102)
5187:(1072–1202)
5116:Danishmends
5106:(1118–1120)
5100:(1071–1118)
5022:(1071–1277)
5020:Mengujekids
5002:(1175-1178)
4996:(1164–1175)
4990:(1143–1164)
4984:(1142–1143)
4978:(1134–1142)
4972:(1104–1134)
4966:(1084–1104)
4960:(1071–1084)
4861:(1071–1178)
4859:Danishmends
4829:(1112–1124)
4812:(1154–1176)
4806:(1122–1154)
4800:(1106–1122)
4783:(1104–1131)
4777:(1102–1104)
4626:Ahlat Tombs
4611:(1185–1207)
4605:(1193–1197)
4599:(1185–1193)
4593:(1128–1185)
4575:(1100–1112)
4466:(1100–1207)
4464:Shah-Armens
4093:(1282–1284)
4087:(1265–1282)
4081:(1249–1257)
4079:Kayqubad II
4075:(1248–1265)
4069:(1246–1260)
4063:(1237–1246)
4057:(1220–1237)
4051:(1211–1220)
4035:(1204–1205)
4029:(1196–1204)
4023:(1192–1196)
4017:(1156–1192)
4011:(1116–1156)
4005:(1107–1116)
3999:(1092–1107)
3993:(1077–1086)
3833:WikiProject
3764:Video games
3556:Individuals
3549:LGBT rights
3539:Health care
3506:Immigration
3287:Gendarmerie
3246:Referendums
3162:Legislative
3059:Earthquakes
2944:Oghuz Turks
2833:Dissolution
2323:Sah-i Armen
2281:Shah-Armans
2088:Oghuz Turks
2053:(1930–1945)
2051:(1923–1930)
2041:(1920–1923)
2031:(1919–1922)
1995:(1908–1922)
1985:(1789–1908)
1975:(1703–1789)
1965:(1566–1703)
1955:(1453–1566)
1945:(1299–1453)
1923:Ottoman Era
1909:(1378–1501)
1899:(1375–1468)
1889:(1256–1335)
1879:(1250–1487)
1869:(1204–1261)
1859:(1204–1461)
1849:(1101–1409)
1839:(1098–1150)
1829:(1081–1423)
1819:(1078–1375)
1809:(1077–1307)
1799:(1071–1178)
1795:Danishmends
1789:(1037–1194)
1508:1000–545 BC
1498:1000–700 BC
1488:1000–560 BC
1478:1100–560 BC
1468:1150–547 BC
1458:1200–700 BC
1448:1200–800 BC
1438:1200–800 BC
1401:1000–545 BC
1391:1000–700 BC
1381:1150–547 BC
1371:1200–700 BC
1361:1200–800 BC
1351:1200–800 BC
1331:1450–350 BC
1317:Hayasa-Azzi
1211:3000–700 BC
1112:History of
873:Middle Ages
760:Hayasa-Azzi
699:History of
285:provinces.
245:Begtimurids
241:Ahlatşahlar
229:Ermenşahlar
205:Shah-Armens
131:Preceded by
76:Sunni Islam
37:Ahlatşahlar
34:Shah-Armens
8052:Categories
7941:Ramadanids
7901:Karamanids
7851:Dilmachids
7806:Aq Qoyunlu
7576:Hızır Shah
7338:Hahmud Bey
7320:Dündar Bey
7308:Mehmed Bey
7238:Oghuz clan
7215:Ramadanids
7039:Güzelhisar
6792:Karesi Bey
6730:Karesi Bey
6659:Ibrahim II
6472:Karamanids
6454:(? - 1391)
6269:Yenicekent
6264:Yenicekent
6058:Eretna Bey
5969:Eretna Bey
5914:Shah Budak
5771:(? - 1309)
5520:branch of
5279:Mama Hatun
5249:Saltuk Bey
5202:Saltuk Bey
4719:Diyarbakır
4330:Baba Ishak
4163:Chronology
4067:Kaykaus II
4055:Kayqubad I
3991:Suleyman I
3914:Suleyman I
3705:Newspapers
3690:Literature
3670:Folk dance
3571:Corruption
3455:Minorities
3383:Renewables
3338:Automotive
3147:Government
2878:Secularism
2463:Shah-Armen
2457:. P. 210:
2404:Shah-Arman
2400:Shah-Arman
2392:Shah-Arman
2358:», p. 197.
2341:Shah-Armen
1971:Old Regime
1905:Ak Koyunlu
1875:Karamanids
1659:282–129 BC
1609:306–168 BC
1605:Antigonids
1599:322–130 BC
1589:334–301 BC
1579:559–331 BC
1538:685–547 BC
1528:678–549 BC
1277:Kizzuwatna
1198:Bronze Age
1133:Prehistory
1093:References
1003:Modern age
723:Prehistory
666:1206–1207
653:1198–1206
629:1193–1198
610:1185–1193
594:1128–1185
581:1127–1128
568:1111–1127
554:1100–1111
412:tombstones
405:Kayqubad I
327:Ermenshahs
303:Alp Arslan
233:Ahlatshahs
82:Government
7961:Saltukids
7871:Eshrefids
7836:Chobanids
7639:Korkuteli
7613:Hamidoğlu
7607:Ancestors
7527:Kemalpaşa
7350:Kubad Bey
7344:Selim Bey
7314:Eyluk Bey
7302:Hamza Bey
7290:Ahmed Bey
6899:Inanç Bey
6857:Inanç Bey
6804:Yahşı Han
6798:Demir Han
6740:Balıkesir
6617:Şemseddin
6605:2nd reign
6583:Yahşı Han
6489:Nure Sûfi
6398:Korkuteli
6343:Ilyas Bey
6336:Ancestors
6096:Eshrefids
5977:Timurtash
5757:Alp Yürek
5730:Kastamonu
5714:Kastamonu
5676:Chobanids
5536:Kastamonu
5446:Tamerlane
5439:1402–1414
5434:Bayezid I
5185:Saltukids
5109:1120–1142
4988:Yağıbasan
4970:Emir Gazi
4937:Kastamonu
4827:Belek Bey
4724:Hasankeyf
4695:Hasankeyf
4656:Ancestors
4647:(1102 - )
4522:Adilcevaz
4512:Malazgirt
4325:Sâhib Ata
4153:Mesud III
4147:4th reign
4137:3rd reign
4127:3rd reign
4117:2nd reign
4107:2nd reign
4049:Kaykaus I
4043:2nd reign
4003:Melikshah
3904:Qutalmish
3759:TV series
3717:Miniature
3660:Festivals
3576:Terrorism
3527:Education
3460:Languages
3304:Air Force
3219:Elections
3167:Executive
3113:Mountains
2980:Geography
2899:Overviews
2838:Partition
2804:Tulip era
1885:Ilkhanate
1779:(637–656)
1705:Commagene
1699:133–27 BC
1669:281–64 BC
1649:297–74 BC
1639:302–64 BC
1629:305–30 BC
1619:305–64 BC
1160:10,000 BC
1049:Etymology
845:Commagene
803:Antiquity
659:Beytemür
377:Saltuk II
373:Sökmen II
354:Saltukids
311:Hasankeyf
217:is being
72:Religion
43:1071–1207
7921:Menteshe
7906:Karasids
7886:Hamidids
7881:Hacıemir
7866:Erzincan
7861:Eretnids
7821:Aydinids
7816:Artuqids
7693:(?-1327)
7687:(1301-?)
7678:Dynasty:
7628:Capitals
7431:Sandıklı
7426:Beyşehir
7352:(1517-?)
7328:(?-1490)
7326:Omer Bey
7310:(1427-?)
7292:(?-1416)
7286:(1344-?)
7277:Dynasty:
7241:Capitals
7170:Dynasty:
7109:Ancestor
7053:Dynasty:
7024:Bozdoğan
7014:Acıpayam
6958:Capitals
6937:Menteshe
6892:Dynasty:
6841:Ancestor
6785:Dynasty:
6756:Aydıncık
6714:Ancestor
6703:Karasids
6565:Mehmet I
6552:Dynasty:
6511:Capitals
6483:Ancestor
6415:Dynasty:
6393:Gölhisar
6388:Uluborlu
6325:Hamidids
6286:Dynasty:
6212:Ancestor
6162:Dynasty:
6153:Bolvadin
6143:Beyşehir
6127:Beyşehir
6051:Dynasty:
6032:Erzincan
5989:, later
5973:Ilkhanid
5952:Eretnids
5920:Şahsuvar
5916:(?-1492)
5890:Sûli Bey
5871:Dynasty:
5826:Elbistan
5800:Ancestor
5744:Dynasty:
5735:Taşköprü
5596:Dynasty:
5478:Murad II
5409:(- 1390)
5395:Umur Beg
5382:Dynasty:
5362:Alaşehir
5334:, later
5326:Capitals
5305:Aydinids
5242:Dynasty:
5091:Dynasty:
5067:Erzincan
5047:Erzincan
5041:Capitals
4951:Dynasty:
4880:Capitals
4688:Capitals
4645:Artuqids
4603:Aksungur
4566:Dynasty:
4532:Eleşkirt
4295:Ibn Bibi
4143:Mesud II
4123:Mesud II
4103:Mesud II
4091:Mesud II
3898:Ancestor
3809:Category
3747:Football
3732:Painting
3675:Folklore
3583:Marriage
3489:Istanbul
3472:Religion
3425:Railways
3415:Aviation
3353:Currency
3211:Politics
3179:Judicial
3155:Branches
3133:Wildlife
2923:Military
2911:Economic
2816:Tanzimat
2625:(2004).
2407:Jazireh.
2378:p. 171:
2179:Timeline
2115:Religion
2076:By topic
1845:Artuqids
1645:Bithynia
1494:Tuwanuwa
1425:Iron Age
1387:Tuwanuwa
1287:Hittites
1217:Hattians
1184:5,500 BC
1172:9,000 BC
1103:a series
1101:Part of
1041:Timeline
690:a series
688:Part of
680:See also
621:Ghilmans
602:Ibrahim
558:Sökmen I
389:Ayyubids
358:Artuqids
315:Armenian
295:Sökmenli
271:Lake Van
249:Turkoman
247:, was a
210:template
85:Monarchy
66:Armenian
7986:Tzachas
7891:Inalids
7655:Antalya
7634:Antalya
7618:Founder
7615:dynasty
7572:(-1388)
7552:Dynasty
7543:Menemen
7533:Akhisar
7521:Demirci
7499:Capital
7489:Founder
7445:Dynasty
7436:Denizli
7421:Akşehir
7399:Capital
7393:of the
7381:Founder
7236:Yüreğir
7226:Founder
7138:Capital
7128:Founder
7121:of the
7078:Ibrahim
7041:, also
6948:Founder
6883:Denizli
6867:Denizli
6861:Capital
6851:Founder
6771:Bigadiç
6766:Edremit
6761:Bergama
6734:Capital
6724:Founder
6532:Karaman
6528:Larende
6523:Ermenek
6501:Founder
6402:Antalya
6383:Eğirdir
6367:Isparta
6361:Capital
6351:Founder
6238:Kütahya
6232:Capital
6222:Founder
6148:Akşehir
6121:Capital
6107:Founder
6012:Kayseri
5991:Kayseri
5981:Capital
5963:Founder
5857:Kayseri
5847:Malatya
5820:Capital
5810:Founder
5708:Capital
5687:Founder
5567:Kalecik
5562:Çankırı
5530:Capital
5508:Founder
5336:Ayasluğ
5316:Founder
5228:Erzurum
5212:Erzurum
5206:Capital
5196:Founder
5072:Divriği
5051:Divriği
5031:Founder
4922:Kayseri
4917:Malatya
4870:Founder
4678:Founder
4673:Türkmen
4665:, from
4527:Başkale
4485:Capital
4475:Founder
4435:Ephesus
4413:Capital
4409:Tzachas
4403:Founder
4392:Tzachas
4240:Culture
4009:Mesud I
3984:Dynasty
3975:Antalya
3964:Malatya
3953:Kayseri
3926:, then
3918:Capital
3908:Founder
3845:Outline
3821:Commons
3754:Theater
3737:Pottery
3653:Ottoman
3648:Cuisine
3626:Ottoman
3603:Culture
3588:Poverty
3520:Society
3405:Tourism
3358:Defense
3330:Economy
3172:Cabinet
3103:Geology
3047:Climate
2989:Regions
2916:Ottoman
2734:Beyliks
2730:Seljuks
2695:History
2573:Sources
2130:Judaism
1665:Galatia
1484:Aeolis
1454:Phrygia
1434:Diauehi
1367:Phrygia
1347:Diauehi
1307:Mitanni
1257:Kussara
1247:Assyria
1237:Luwians
1045:Origins
701:Armenia
587:Sökmen
574:Sökmen
546:Son of
430:Gallery
397:Erzurum
350:Georgia
289:History
257:of the
237:Turkish
225:Turkish
90:History
62:Turkish
48:Capital
7811:Alaiye
7538:Gördes
7505:Manisa
7391:vizier
7268:Tarsus
7119:vizier
7043:Rhodes
7009:Çameli
6999:Finike
6667:(1464)
6571:Güneri
6518:Ereğli
6493:Afshar
6042:Niksar
6027:Amasya
5852:Harput
5582:Samsun
5557:Eflani
5432:under
5417:Events
5233:Tercan
4942:Ankara
4932:Amasya
4912:Niksar
4891:Niksar
4754:Aleppo
4744:Harput
4739:Midyat
4734:Mardin
4729:Silvan
4703:Harput
4699:Mardin
4547:Bitlis
4542:Tatvan
4507:Silvan
4440:Lesbos
4419:İzmir
4232:(1277)
4226:(1243)
4215:(1176)
4209:(1148)
4193:(1097)
4155:(1307)
4099:(1284)
3970:Alanya
3966:(1178)
3960:(1175)
3797:Portal
3742:Sports
3643:Cinema
3638:Carpet
3621:Seljuk
3611:Anthem
3494:Ankara
3363:Energy
3255:Topics
3123:Rivers
3040:Topics
2932:Topics
2687:Turkey
2637:
2600:
2524:UNESCO
2387:ghulam
1514:Urartu
1474:Doris
1407:Urartu
1337:Assuwa
1297:Arzawa
1114:Turkey
1105:on the
790:Etiuni
770:Mushki
750:Armani
692:on the
584:Ahmet
540:Reign
420:UNESCO
385:beylik
381:beylik
362:Silvan
346:Khilat
342:Khliat
307:Sökmen
275:Bitlis
93:
27:Beylik
7911:Ladik
7831:Canik
7705:(?-?)
7525:Nif (
7346:(?-?)
7263:Adana
7247:Adana
7234:from
7161:Sinop
7144:Sinop
7072:Orhan
7066:Mesut
7035:Aydın
7019:Tavas
6994:Muğla
6972:Balat
6968:Milas
6964:Beçin
6830:Ladik
6776:Ezine
6677:Kasım
6538:Konya
6496:Oghuz
6491:from
6259:Simav
6022:Tokat
6017:Niğde
6007:Sivas
5987:Sivas
5922:(?-?)
5910:(?-?)
5862:Antep
5842:Maraş
5700:Oghuz
5572:Tosya
5552:Sinop
5367:Aydın
5357:İzmir
5332:Birgi
5166:Abaka
5077:Kemah
4927:Tokat
4907:Sivas
4886:Sivas
4670:Oghuz
4667:Döğer
4663:Artuk
4517:Erciş
4491:Ahlat
4445:Chios
3958:Sivas
3948:Konya
3928:Konya
3924:İznik
3727:Names
3722:Music
3695:Media
3566:Crime
3499:İzmir
3108:Lakes
3093:Fauna
2484:Ahlat
2396:Ahlat
2120:Islam
1534:Lydia
1504:Ionia
1464:Caria
1397:Ionia
1377:Caria
1327:Lycia
775:Urumu
641:1198
549:Note
543:Name
416:Ahlat
395:) of
393:melik
267:Ahlat
243:) or
208:‹The
52:Ahlat
7981:Teke
7801:Ahis
7596:Teke
7037:and
7029:Çine
6498:clan
6400:and
5697:Kayı
5577:Araç
5518:Kayı
5471:1425
5423:1390
5352:Tire
5159:1277
5134:1228
4749:Palu
4701:and
4675:clan
4557:Hani
4270:Rumi
4247:Arts
3769:Wine
3665:Flag
3368:Coal
3314:Navy
3309:Land
2777:Rise
2732:and
2635:ISBN
2598:ISBN
2562:help
2543:help
1941:Rise
1207:Troy
277:and
203:The
117:1207
107:1071
7004:Kaş
6543:Mut
5448:to
4552:Muş
4537:Van
3633:Art
3378:Oil
3373:Gas
422:'s
344:or
283:Muş
279:Van
8054::
7389:,
6603:,
4697:,
3700:TV
2633:.
2629:.
2581:,
2522:.
2298::
1156:c.
1047:•
1043:•
624:.
407:.
239::
227::
221:.›
64:,
7778:e
7771:t
7764:v
7665:)
7657:(
7529:)
7125:)
7117:(
6534:)
6530:(
6278:)
6271:(
5588:)
5584:(
5468:)
4760:)
4756:(
4145:(
4135:(
4125:(
4115:(
4105:(
4041:(
3880:e
3873:t
3866:v
2672:e
2665:t
2658:v
2643:.
2606:.
2564:)
2545:)
2526:.
2306:.
2218:e
2211:t
2204:v
1769:)
1074:e
1067:t
1060:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
