37:
291:, the head of the Christians, and a large number of abbots and bishops. Why have you become the head of the people that I detest?' Shahdost replied, 'The head of the Christians is the Most High God. It is he who gives them the head of his choice. The sea will never be drained dry, and Christianity will never be destroyed. The more Christians you kill, the more they will multiply.' The accursed man grew angry with him, then he treated him gently, hoping to persuade him to worship the sun, and talked to him in a friendly manner in the hope of converting him to the religion of the magi. But far from converting him, he got nothing back from him but energetic and harsh words and the most lively resistance. He then ordered his death, and this order was carried out in the same spot where
234:, the church was without a leader, he gave himself to our Lord Jesus Christ and was named patriarch secretly. He was a good and pious man. It is said that the fathers and the faithful, meeting in secret, prayed to God, then wrote down several names and drew them by lot. The name of Shahdost was drawn. He accepted the charge that had been entrusted to him without being discouraged by the fear of death, and received the investiture of the patriarchate in the house of a Christian. He chose some men and ordained them to replace the fathers who had been martyred with the holy Mar
343:. After his death, when the church was deprived of its leader, he devoted his life to Christ, and was consecrated patriarch in secret. He was an honest man. They say that when his name emerged when the fathers drew lots, he did not attempt to refuse the office because he feared death, and was consecrated in the house of one of the believers. He appointed many metropolitans and bishops, who went out and encouraged the faithful to stand firm and resist the perfidy of Shapur. Two years later an edict was issued by Shapur, and Shahdost was arrested. He saw in a dream
443:, the head of the Christians, and with him a number of bishops, and have you therefore been made the head of the people that I detest?' And that holy man replied, 'God is the head of the Christians, and he places over them whomsoever he wishes. Just as the sea never runs short of water, Christianity will never perish from the earth.' Shapur, angered by his words, ordered him to be killed along with his companions.
281:
and
Christian men and women. They remained in prison for five months, suffering all kinds of tortures. They were urged to embrace the religion of the magi, but they remained firm in their faith. The satrap of Seleucia-Ctesiphon then ordered 120 of them to be killed, but he sent Shahdost with the Christian women to Shapur. When the patriarch came before him, the king said to him, 'I have killed
1248:
270:. They pledged themselves to die on behalf of their flocks. They began to visit the Christians night and day to encourage them against the persecution of Shapur. Finally, Shahdost's rank was discovered, and he was arrested by the magi. Three nights earlier, he had seen in a dream a ladder, with its foot on the earth and its head in heaven.
280:
was standing on the ladder, and said, 'Shahdost, climb up to me on this ladder, as I climbed it yesterday.' He knew what this signified. He spoke of it to the faithful, who were alarmed on his account. Then, three days later, he was arrested in
Seleucia-Ctesiphon with 128 bishops, priests, deacons
370:
in, who invited him to become a magus, and said that he would not allow the
Christians to live unless he gave in. Shahdost replied, 'So long as there is water in the sea, there will be Christians.' The king became angry, and executed Shahdost and his companions in the month of April, after keeping
359:
standing at the top of a ladder, who said to him, 'Shahdost, come up to me, just as I went up.' When he told the dream to the believers, they grieved for him. Three days after his dream he was arrested, along with 128 priests, deacons, monks and nuns. They were thrown into prison for five months,
432:
calling him and saying, 'My brother
Shahdost, enter into the joy of your Lord.' The rumour of that vision reached the impious Shapur, and the catholicus was arrested along with 118 priests, believers and monks, and two brothers of Shahdost, and they were all killed for professing the Christian
415:
and his nephew by his sister, and hailed from Beth Garmai. Three months after his master's death he was secretly elected and consecrated at
Seleucia. Two years later he saw in a dream fire continually ascending from the earth to heaven, and
636:
184:. In all these accounts he is anachronistically called 'catholicus' or 'patriarch', a term that was only applied to the primates of the Church of the East in the fifth century.
154:. Like several other early bishops of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, he is included in the traditional list of patriarchs of the Church of the East. He is considered a saint in several
629:
36:
315:'s two sisters. The faithful collected their bodies and buried them in the church. According to this account, Shahdost was patriarch for two years and five months.
1281:
327:
Shahdost had a
Persian name which means 'friend of the king'. He was a native of Beth Garmai (or, according to some, of Susa) and the archdeacon of the patriarch
1271:
666:
622:
590:
453:
143:
1286:
594:
472:
301:
had been put to death. His companions were also killed. This happened in the month of March, after five months' incarceration. Among them were
1296:
399:, Shahdost. This is a Persian name, signifying 'the king's friend', which the Greeks render as Sadok. This Shahdost was the archdeacon of
645:
1026:
1291:
1157:
1031:
987:
982:
972:
1111:
1096:
949:
895:
180:
Amr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). A more substantial account of his patriarchate is also given in the
1091:
1066:
875:
854:
810:
1276:
1036:
992:
849:
830:
825:
1006:
934:
820:
815:
775:
91:
1046:
839:
790:
192:
The earliest, and most substantial account of
Shadost's episcopate and martyrdom is given in the ninth-century
87:
563:
Maris, Amri, et
Salibae: De Patriarchis Nestorianorum Commentaria II: Maris textus arabicus et versio Latina
83:
302:
42:
79:
433:
faith. Shahdost is said to have been first brought into Shapur's presence, who said to him, 'I killed
208:
of
Ctesiphon was from Beth Garmai, though some people say he was from Susa. He was the archdeacon of
155:
1252:
1234:
204:
is
Persian and it means a lover and devotee of the king (< shÄh 'king' and dĹŤst 'friend'). The
910:
706:
649:
572:
147:
997:
739:
581:
434:
417:
400:
384:
375:
A third version, written up with a number of stylistic embellishments from the account in the
344:
328:
306:
292:
282:
271:
255:
235:
225:
209:
371:
them in prison for five months. Shahdost governed the church for two years and five months.
556:
Maris, Amri, et Salibae: De Patriarchis Nestorianorum Commentaria I: Amri et Salibae Textus
174:
1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century),
682:
135:
98:
323:
but with some interesting divergences, was given by the twelfth-century historian Mari:
1152:
749:
730:
687:
661:
614:
604:
245:
127:
1265:
1127:
360:
and subjected to tortures to make them embrace Magianism, but they stood firm. The
1076:
1071:
1016:
967:
890:
785:
1142:
1132:
1101:
1061:
1056:
1021:
1011:
977:
944:
880:
364:
killed 120 of them, all men, but sent Shahdost and the nuns to Shapur in al-Mada
53:
1197:
1137:
1106:
1086:
1081:
1051:
919:
905:
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870:
859:
692:
1247:
1229:
1210:
1171:
1041:
151:
69:
861:
436:
425:
419:
408:
402:
392:
386:
365:
352:
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336:
330:
308:
294:
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273:
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257:
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237:
227:
217:
211:
175:
1219:
1184:
1166:
939:
885:
795:
725:
720:
473:"Hieromartyr Sadoc (Sadoth), Bishop of Persia, and 128 Martyrs with him"
1224:
1147:
924:
805:
800:
759:
754:
711:
379:, was given by the thirteenth-century Jacobite historian Bar Hebraeus:
166:
Brief accounts of Shadost's episcopate and martyrdom are given in the
929:
103:
844:
701:
485:
150:
from 341 to 343. He was martyred during the great persecution of
23:
780:
57:
618:
542:
De Catholicis seu Patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum
319:
A shorter version, mostly dependent on the account in the
305:, his disciple Aborsam and several others, including
1120:
960:
768:
675:
97:
75:
63:
49:
21:
591:Catholicos-Patriarch of the Church of the East
549:Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum
630:
8:
454:List of patriarchs of the Church of the East
637:
623:
615:
568:
18:
187:
464:
1282:People executed by the Sasanian Empire
535:Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum
170:of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (
7:
1272:Patriarchs of the Church of the East
139:
188:Shahdost's episcopate and martyrdom
533:Abbeloos, J. B., and Lamy, T. J.,
14:
1287:Christians in the Sasanian Empire
521:(ed. Abeloos and Lamy), ii. 38â40
1246:
508:Mari, 19 (Arabic), 16â17 (Latin)
35:
1235:ShemĘżon VII IshoĘżyahb (1539â58)
486:https://syriaca.org/person/2074
1:
1297:Bishops of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
224:. Since, after the death of
740:ShemĘżon Bar SabbaĘże (329â41)
595:Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
144:Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
862:
437:
426:
420:
409:
403:
393:
387:
366:
353:
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337:
331:
309:
295:
285:
274:
264:
258:
248:
238:
228:
218:
212:
176:
92:Assyrian Church of the East
1313:
1153:Yahballaha III (1281â1317)
1243:
1128:Yahballaha II (1190â1222)
656:
601:
588:
578:
573:Church of the East titles
571:
131:
41:Shahdost depicted in the
34:
1167:Denha II (1336/7â1381/2)
519:Ecclesiastical Chronicle
168:Ecclesiastical Chronicle
88:Oriental Orthodox Church
1292:4th-century archbishops
1253:Christianity portal
1102:ĘżAbdishoĘż III (1139â48)
1077:SabrishoĘż III (1064â72)
84:Eastern Orthodox Church
1087:Makkikha I (1092â1110)
1082:ĘżAbdishoĘż II (1074â90)
1072:Yohannan VII (1049â57)
891:IshoĘżyahb III (649â59)
445:
373:
317:
43:Menologion of Basil II
1220:ShemĘżon V (1497â1502)
1143:Makkikha II (1257â65)
1138:SabrishoĘż V (1226â56)
1133:SabrishoĘż IV (1222â5)
1107:IshoĘżyahb V (1149â75)
1062:IshoĘżyahb IV (1020â5)
1057:Yohannan VI (1012â20)
968:IshoĘż bar Nun (823â8)
945:HnanishoĘż II (773â80)
881:IshoĘżyahb II (628â45)
871:SabrishoĘż I (596â604)
786:Yahballaha I (415â20)
537:(3 vols, Paris, 1877)
381:
325:
198:
80:Roman Catholic Church
1230:ShemĘżon VI (1504â38)
1052:Yohannan V (1000â11)
1042:ĘżAbdishoĘż I (963â86)
1027:Abraham III (906â37)
1022:Yohannan IV (900â05)
1017:Yohannan III (893â9)
1012:Yohannan II (884â91)
978:SabrishoĘż II (831â5)
973:Giwargis II (828â31)
906:HnanishoĘż I (686â98)
1277:4th-century bishops
1211:ShemĘżon IV Basidi (
1121:13thâ16th centuries
1112:Eliya III (1176â90)
1032:Emmanuel I (937â60)
983:Abraham II (837â50)
950:Timothy I (780â823)
920:Sliba-zkha (714â28)
896:Giwargis I (661â80)
750:BarbaĘżshmin (343â6)
146:and primate of the
1097:Bar Sawma (1134â6)
1092:Eliya II (1111â32)
998:Israel of Kashkar
988:Theodosius (853â8)
961:9thâ12th centuries
940:YaĘżqob II (753â73)
901:Yohannan I (680â3)
650:Church of the East
497:Chronicle of Seert
377:Chronicle of Seert
321:Chronicle of Seert
244:. Among them was
194:Chronicle of Seert
182:Chronicle of Seert
148:Church of the East
1259:
1258:
1158:Timothy II (1318â
1148:Denha I (1265â81)
1067:Eliya I (1028â49)
801:DadishoĘż (421â56)
769:5thâ8th centuries
721:Ahadabui (204â20)
676:1stâ4th centuries
613:
612:
602:Succeeded by
582:Shemon Bar Sabbae
540:Assemani, J. A.,
156:Eastern Christian
109:
108:
76:Venerated in
1304:
1251:
1250:
1225:Eliya V (1503â4)
925:Pethion (731â40)
886:Maremmeh (646â9)
865:
855:Ezekiel (570â81)
826:ElishaĘż (524â37)
811:Acacius (485â96)
806:Babowai (457â84)
760:Qayyoma (377â99)
755:Tomarsa (363â71)
745:Shahdost (341â3)
726:Shahlufa (220â4)
707:Abraham (159â71)
639:
632:
625:
616:
599:(341–343)
579:Preceded by
569:
522:
515:
509:
506:
500:
494:
488:
483:
477:
476:
469:
440:
429:
423:
412:
406:
396:
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369:
356:
350:
340:
334:
312:
298:
288:
277:
267:
261:
254:, the nephew of
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179:
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133:
39:
19:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1239:
1116:
993:Sargis (860â72)
956:
930:Aba II (741â51)
911:Yohannan Garba
876:Gregory (605â9)
866:yahb I (582â95)
850:Joseph (552â67)
816:Babai (497â503)
776:Isaac (399â410)
764:
671:
652:
643:
609:
608:(343–346)
607:
598:
593:
586:
585:(329–341)
584:
547:Brooks, E. W.,
530:
525:
516:
512:
507:
503:
495:
491:
484:
480:
471:
470:
466:
462:
450:
190:
164:
158:denominations.
114:
111:
90:
86:
82:
68:
45:
30:
27:
26:
17:
16:Assyrian bishop
12:
11:
5:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1208:
1195:
1182:
1169:
1164:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1007:Enosh (877â84)
1004:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
958:
957:
955:
954:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
857:
852:
847:
845:Aba I (540â52)
842:
837:
828:
823:
821:Shila (503â23)
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
796:Farbokht (421)
793:
788:
783:
778:
772:
770:
766:
765:
763:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
728:
723:
718:
709:
704:
702:Abris (121â37)
699:
690:
685:
679:
677:
673:
672:
670:
669:
664:
662:schism of 1552
657:
654:
653:
644:
642:
641:
634:
627:
619:
611:
610:
603:
600:
587:
580:
576:
575:
567:
566:
561:Gismondi, H.,
559:
554:Gismondi, H.,
552:
545:
538:
529:
526:
524:
523:
517:Bar Hebraeus,
510:
501:
489:
478:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
449:
446:
189:
186:
163:
160:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
77:
73:
72:
65:
61:
60:
56:, or possibly
51:
47:
46:
40:
32:
31:
28:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1309:
1298:
1295:
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1290:
1288:
1285:
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1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1198:ShemĘżon III (
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1047:Mari (987â99)
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
959:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
914:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
834:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
781:Ahha (410â14)
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
767:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
734:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
715:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
696:
691:
689:
688:Aggai (66â87)
686:
684:
681:
680:
678:
674:
668:
665:
663:
659:
658:
655:
651:
647:
640:
635:
633:
628:
626:
621:
620:
617:
606:
597:
596:
592:
583:
577:
574:
570:
564:
560:
557:
553:
550:
546:
543:
539:
536:
532:
531:
527:
520:
514:
511:
505:
502:
498:
493:
490:
487:
482:
479:
474:
468:
465:
459:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
442:
439:
431:
428:
422:
414:
411:
405:
398:
395:
389:
380:
378:
372:
368:
363:
358:
355:
349:
342:
339:
333:
324:
322:
316:
314:
311:
304:
303:Miles al-Razi
300:
297:
290:
287:
279:
276:
269:
266:
260:
253:
250:
243:
240:
233:
230:
223:
220:
214:
207:
203:
197:
195:
185:
183:
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157:
153:
149:
145:
137:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
105:
102:
100:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
38:
33:
25:
20:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1172:ShemĘżon II (
1159:
1037:Israel (961)
999:
912:
832:
744:
732:
713:
694:
589:
565:(Rome, 1899)
562:
558:(Rome, 1896)
555:
551:(Rome, 1910)
548:
544:(Rome, 1775)
541:
534:
518:
513:
504:
496:
492:
481:
467:
424:on Bar Sabba
407:on Bar Sabba
391:on Bar Sabba
382:
376:
374:
361:
351:on Bar Sabba
335:on Bar Sabba
326:
320:
318:
262:on bar Sabba
216:on Bar Sabba
205:
201:
199:
193:
191:
181:
171:
167:
165:
123:
119:
115:
113:
110:
935:Surin (753)
791:MaĘżna (420)
605:Barba'shmin
499:, i. 99â101
54:Beth Garmai
1266:Categories
1215:1450â1497)
1185:Eliya IV (
840:Paul (539)
712:YaĘżqob I (
660:Until the
646:Patriarchs
528:References
99:Attributes
667:Full list
200:The name
152:Shapur II
70:Ctesiphon
1000:intrusus
913:intrusus
835:(524â37)
833:intrusus
735:280â317)
448:See also
206:Shahdust
202:Shahdost
116:Shahdost
29:Shahdost
915:(691â3)
831:Narsai
648:of the
362:marzban
172:floruit
162:Sources
142:) was
118:, also
731:Papa (
693:Mari (
383:After
136:Turoyo
124:Sadoth
104:Bishop
67:c. 343
1206:1450)
1202:1425â
1193:1425)
1189:1405â
1180:1405)
1176:1385â
1162:1332)
1002:(877)
683:Addai
460:Notes
252:shmin
246:Barba
140:ÜŤÜÜÜÜŁ
132:ΣιδĎθ
128:Greek
120:Sadoc
24:Saint
860:Isho
716:190)
697:104)
435:Shem
418:Shem
401:Shem
385:Shem
345:Shem
329:Shem
307:Shem
293:Shem
283:Shem
272:Shem
256:Shem
236:Shem
226:Shem
210:Shem
64:Died
58:Susa
50:Born
695:ob.
134:) (
1268::
1213:c.
1204:c.
1200:c.
1191:c.
1187:c.
1178:c.
1174:c.
1160:c.
733:c.
714:c.
441:on
313:on
299:on
289:on
278:on
242:on
232:on
196::
138::
130::
122:,
863:Ęż
638:e
631:t
624:v
475:.
438:Ęż
430:e
427:Ęż
421:Ęż
413:e
410:Ęż
404:Ęż
397:e
394:Ęż
388:Ęż
367:Ęż
357:e
354:Ęż
348:Ęż
341:e
338:Ęż
332:Ęż
310:Ęż
296:Ęż
286:Ęż
275:Ęż
268:e
265:Ęż
259:Ęż
249:Ęż
239:Ęż
229:Ęż
222:e
219:Ęż
213:Ęż
177:Ęż
126:(
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