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Shakespeare's plays

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471:'s expectation that his soliloquy be overheard by the other characters in the scene. Moreover, Hirsh asserts that in soliloquies in other Shakespearean plays, the speaker is entirely in character within the play's fiction. Saying that addressing the audience was outmoded by the time Shakespeare was alive, he "acknowledges few occasions when a Shakespearean speech might involve the audience in recognising the simultaneous reality of the stage and the world the stage is representing". Other than 29 speeches delivered by choruses or characters who revert to that condition as epilogues "Hirsh recognizes only three instances of audience address in Shakespeare's plays, 'all in very early comedies, in which audience address is introduced specifically to ridicule the practice as antiquated and amateurish.'" 480: 3274: 2711:
exaggerates what Shakespeare is doing anyway: simultaneously offering and withholding meaning.... A distinctive strand of his writing is his fondness for expressing one concept with two words, joined together by 'and.'... Shakespeare... often... gives us conjunctions that are neither quite the same nor quite different.... Shakespeare gives us crash courses in every kind of insecurity: physical, emotional, psychological, cognitive, even existential." (p. 30.)
30: 3920: 1360: 1524: 3930: 463:, James Hirsh defines the convention of a Shakespearean soliloquy in early modern drama. He argues that when a person on the stage speaks to himself or herself, they are characters in a fiction speaking in character; this is an occasion of self-address. Furthermore, Hirsh points out that Shakespearean soliloquies and " 1443:. Additionally, in an age before standardised spelling, Shakespeare often wrote a word several times in a different spelling, and this may have contributed to some of the transcribers' confusion. Modern editors have the task of reconstructing Shakespeare's original words and expurgating errors as far as possible. 376:
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, "drama became the ideal means to capture and convey the diverse interests of the time." Stories of various genres were enacted for audiences consisting of both the wealthy and educated and the poor and illiterate. Later on, he retired at the height of the Jacobean
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it is believed by some editors that Shakespeare ended his career in collaboration with Fletcher, who succeeded him as house playwright for the King's Men. These last plays resemble Fletcher's tragicomedies in their attempt to find a comedic mode capable of dramatising more serious events than had his
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Shakespeare's final plays hark back to his Elizabethan comedies in their use of romantic situation and incident. In these plays, however, the sombre elements that are largely glossed over in the earlier plays are brought to the fore and often rendered dramatically vivid. This change is related to the
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concerned with simple allegory. Inspired by this new style, Shakespeare continued these artistic strategies, creating plays that not only resonated on an emotional level with audiences but also explored and debated the basic elements of what it means to be human. What Marlowe and Kyd did for tragedy,
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were built around similar general plans. Despite individual differences, the public theatres were three stories high and built around an open space at the center. Usually polygonal in plan to give an overall rounded effect, three levels of inward-facing galleries overlooked the open center into which
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closely. Shakespeare's other Elizabethan comedies are more romantic. Like Lyly, he often makes romantic intrigue (a secondary feature in Latin new comedy) the main plot element; even this romantic plot is sometimes given less attention than witty dialogue, deceit, and jests. The "reform of manners",
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revolutionised theatre. Their plays blended the old morality drama with classical theory to produce a new secular form. The new drama combined the rhetorical complexity of the academic play with the bawdy energy of the moralities. However, it was more ambiguous and complex in its meanings, and less
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As was common in the period, Shakespeare based many of his plays on the work of other playwrights and recycled older stories and historical material. His dependence on earlier sources was a natural consequence of the speed at which playwrights of his era wrote; in addition, plays based on already
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Shakespeare teach us? Nothing. His tragic theater is not a classroom. It is a fairground wall of death in which the characters are being pushed outward by the centrifugal force of the action but held in place by the friction of the language." (p. 29.) "he passage of time has altered meanings .
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The textual problem can, however, become rather complicated. Modern scholarship now believes Shakespeare to have modified his plays through the years, sometimes leading to two existing versions of one play. To provide a modern text in such cases, editors must face the choice between the original
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the notion of decorum; with few exceptions, he focuses on high-born characters and national affairs as the subject of tragedy. In most other respects, though, the early tragedies are far closer to the spirit and style of moralities. They are episodic, packed with character and incident; they are
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is seen not only in the problem plays, which dramatise intractable human problems of greed and lust, but also in the darker tone of the Jacobean tragedies. The Marlovian, heroic mode of the Elizabethan tragedies is gone, replaced by a darker vision of heroic natures caught in environments of
263:. Even in his early work, however, Shakespeare generally shows more restraint than Marlowe; he resorts to grandiloquent rhetoric less frequently, and his attitude towards his heroes is more nuanced, and sometimes more sceptical, than Marlowe's. By the turn of the century, the bombast of 467:" are audible in the fiction of the play, bound to be overheard by any other character in the scene unless certain elements confirm that the speech is protected. Therefore, a Renaissance playgoer who was familiar with this dramatic convention would have been alert to 1337:– A collaborative work by several playwrights, including Shakespeare. There is a "growing scholarly consensus" that Shakespeare was called in to re-write a contentious scene in the play and that "Hand D" in the surviving manuscript is that of Shakespeare himself. 1424:, Shakespeare did not have direct involvement in publishing his plays and produced no overall authoritative version of his plays before he died. As a result, the problem of identifying what Shakespeare actually wrote is a major concern for most modern editions. 427:
and rhetorical flourishes are repeatedly used. Humour is a key element in all of Shakespeare's plays. Although a large amount of his comical talent is evident in his comedies, some of the most entertaining scenes and characters are found in tragedies such as
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Usually built of timber, lath and plaster and with thatched roofs, the early theatres were vulnerable to fire, and gradually were replaced (when necessary) with stronger structures. When the Globe burned down in June 1613, it was rebuilt with a tile roof.
381:. His verse style, his choice of subjects, and his stagecraft all bear the marks of both periods. His style changed not only in accordance with his own tastes and developing mastery, but also in accord with the tastes of the audiences for whom he wrote. 337:
pervasive corruption. As a sharer in both the Globe and in the King's Men, Shakespeare never wrote for the boys' companies; however, his early Jacobean work is markedly influenced by the techniques of the new, satiric dramatists. One play,
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jutted the stage—essentially a platform surrounded on three sides by the audience, only the rear being restricted for the entrances and exits of the actors and seating for the musicians. The upper level behind the stage could be used as a
212:, which came into regular use on a long term basis in 1599. The Blackfriars was small in comparison to the earlier theatres, and roofed rather than open to the sky; it resembled a modern theatre in ways that its predecessors did not. 1230:, and a bookseller's list both include this title among Shakespeare's recent works, but no play of this title has survived. It may have become lost, or it may represent an alternative title of one of the plays listed above, such as 534:
may in fact have been Shakespeare's, and was just an earlier and subsequently discarded version.) For plays on historical subjects, Shakespeare relied heavily on two principal texts. Most of the Roman and Greek plays are based on
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popular stories appear to have been seen as more likely to draw large crowds. There were also aesthetic reasons: Renaissance aesthetic theory took seriously the dictum that tragic plots should be grounded in history. For example,
67:, or otherwise is a matter of scholarly debate. Shakespeare's plays are widely regarded as among the greatest in the English language and are continually performed around the world. The plays have been translated into every major 1431:
he worked with did not distribute scripts of his plays, for fear that the plays would be stolen. This led to bootleg copies of his plays, which were often based on people trying to remember what Shakespeare had actually written.
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Like most playwrights of his period, Shakespeare did not always write alone, and a number of his plays were collaborative, although the exact number is open to debate. Some of the following attributions, such as for
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forced Shakespeare and his company of actors to leave London for periods between 1592 and 1594, Shakespeare began to use rhymed couplets in his plays, along with more dramatic dialogue. These elements showed up in
1454:) adapted and shortened the original to produce the extant text published in the First Folio, but that remains the only known text of the play. In others the text may have become manifestly corrupt or unreliable ( 605:
Almost all of the plays written after the plague hit London are comedies, perhaps reflecting the public's desire at the time for light-hearted fare. Other comedies from Shakespeare during this period include
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for example, two independent versions, each with their own textual integrity, exist in the Quarto and the Folio versions. Shakespeare's changes here extend from the merely local to the structural. Hence the
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to choose the virtuous life over Evil. The characters and plot situations are largely symbolic rather than realistic. As a child, Shakespeare would likely have seen this type of play (along with, perhaps,
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was published. The traditional division of his plays into tragedies, comedies, and histories follows the categories used in the First Folio. However, modern criticism has labelled some of these plays "
245:, among others, did for comedy: they offered models of witty dialogue, romantic action, and exotic, often pastoral location that formed the basis of Shakespeare's comedic mode throughout his career. 305:. In these years, he responded to a deep shift in popular tastes, both in subject matter and approach. At the turn of the decade, he responded to the vogue for dramatic satire initiated by the 1470:
first version and the later, revised, usually more theatrical version. In the past editors have resolved this problem by conflating the texts to provide what they believe to be a superior
1485:, published in 1986 (second edition 2005), provides two different versions of the play, each with respectable authority. The problem exists with at least four other Shakespearean plays ( 2519: 1329:– Both plays were published in quarto as works of Shakespeare, in 1605 and 1608, and were included in the Third Folio. However, stylistic analysis considers these attributions unlikely. 2333: 3574: 1733: 97:) were combining two strands of dramatic tradition into a new and distinctively Elizabethan synthesis. Previously, the most common forms of popular English theatre were the 456:, in which a character, apparently alone within the context of the play, makes a speech so that the audience may understand the character's inner motivations and conflict. 2020: 3677: 3730: 396:), he even added punctuation at the end of these iambic pentameter lines to make the rhythm even stronger. He and many dramatists of this period used the form of 1630:
productions of Shakespeare often sought pictorial effects in "authentic" historical costumes and sets. The staging of the reported sea fights and barge scene in
2816: 587:– Shakespeare's earliest plays tended to be adaptations of other playwrights' works and employed blank verse and little variation in rhythm. However, after the 140:, however, the theory was better known through its Roman interpreters and practitioners. At the universities, plays were staged in a more academic form as 3232: 3227: 1435:
Textual corruptions also stemming from printers' errors, misreadings by compositors, or simply wrongly scanned lines from the source material litter the
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In 1642 England's Parliament banned plays, including Shakespeare's, accusing the theater of promoting "lascivious mirth and levity." In 1660, after the
3632: 1706: 1466:) but no competing version exists. The modern editor can only regularise and correct erroneous readings that have survived into the printed versions. 156:, but they were also more static, valuing lengthy speeches over physical action. Shakespeare would have learned this theory at grammar school, where 2595: 2562: 1624:. During this time the texts were "reformed" and "improved" for the stage, an undertaking which has seemed shockingly disrespectful to posterity. 3908: 3586: 1620:, Shakespeare's plays were performed in playhouses with elaborate scenery and staged with music, dancing, thunder, lightning, wave machines, and 1381: 3748: 3647: 93:
When Shakespeare first arrived in London in the late 1580s or early 1590s, dramatists writing for London's new commercial playhouses (such as
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One of the reasons there are textual problems is that there was no copyright of writings at the time. As a result, Shakespeare and the
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and others called for abstract staging. Both approaches have influenced the variety of Shakespearean production styles seen today.
561:. This structure did not apply to comedy, and those of Shakespeare's plays for which no clear source has been established, such as 220:
For Shakespeare, as he began to write, both traditions were alive; they were, moreover, filtered through the recent success of the
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A directory of Web resources for online Shakespearean study. Includes play synopses, a works timeline, and language resources.
530:), but the number of lost plays from this time period makes it impossible to determine that relationship with certainty. (The 3254: 2665: 1385: 3667: 3439: 3214: 1716: 1062: 660: 87: 1345:– Additional passages included in the fourth quarto, including the "painter scene", are likely to have been written by him. 3568: 1254:
entry of 1653 (alongside a number of erroneous attributions), and often believed to have been re-worked from a subplot in
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loosely unified by a theme or character. In this respect, they reflect clearly the influence of Marlowe, particularly of
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Modern Translations, Study Guides, context and biography of William Shakespeare, of Shakespeare's plays, and his sonnets
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For a comprehensive account of plays possibly by Shakespeare or in part by Shakespeare, see the separate entry on the
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Shakespeare reached maturity as a dramatist at the end of Elizabeth's reign, and in the first years of the reign of
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at the British Library – resource including images of original manuscripts, new articles and teaching resources.
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suggests that a collaborator may have been responsible for parts or all of act III, scene 7, and act V, scene 2
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was one spectacular example. Too often, the result was a loss of pace. Towards the end of the 19th century,
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on the London stage. By the late 16th century, the popularity of morality and academic plays waned as the
33: 1539:. Shakespeare's fellow members of the Lord Chamberlain's Men acted in his plays. Among these actors were 3887: 3801: 3770: 3335: 3066: 2976: 2957: 2773: 1711: 1617: 1609: 1295: 1207: 959: 864: 849: 713: 359: 60: 56: 3672: 314: 580:, there is a general consensus that stylistic groupings largely reflect a chronology of three-phases: 3710: 3497: 3475: 3055: 3006: 2985: 2965: 2865: 2842: 1632: 1499: 1036: 1001: 966: 835: 772: 737: 678: 632: 378: 339: 197: 164:
were key parts of the curriculum and were taught in editions with lengthy theoretical introductions.
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does re-work the Cardenio story, but modern scholarship has not established with certainty whether
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of 1623, according to the order in which they appear there, with two plays that were not included (
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are a canon of approximately 39 dramatic works written by the English poet, playwright, and actor
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which Horace considered the main function of comedy, survives in such episodes as the gulling of
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List of all 27 of Shakespeare's plays with summaries, and images of the plays being performed.
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edited by James Ogden and Arthur Hawley Scouten, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, p. 127.
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Shakespeare's Elizabethan tragedies (including the history plays with tragic designs, such as
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Pursuing Shakespeare's Dramaturgy: Some Contexts, Resources, and Strategies in His Playmaking
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Summary and analysis of all the plays, including those of questionable authorship, such as
413:: as Macbeth leaves the stage to murder Duncan (to the sound of a chiming clock), he says, 252:) demonstrate his relative independence from classical models. He takes from Aristotle and 3625: 3237: 3125: 3041: 2408:
Ringler, William Jr. (1997). "Shakespeare and His Actors: Some Remarks on King Lear" from
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Except where noted, the plays below are listed, for the thirty-six plays included in the
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The plays of this period address issues such as betrayal, murder, lust, power and egoism.
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led a reaction against this heavy style. In a series of "Elizabethan" productions on a
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Shakespeare's writing (especially his plays) also feature extensive wordplay in which
78:, but approximately half of them remained unpublished until 1623, when the posthumous 3948: 3893: 3839: 3601: 2943: 2282: 2205: 2097: 1970: 1906: 1627: 1598: 1594: 1578: 1532: 1227: 828: 468: 177: 101: 3827: 3529: 3193: 2092: 1922: 1641: 1637: 1307:– The middle portion of the play (scenes 4–9) may have been written by Shakespeare. 1200: 550: 546: 242: 141: 122: 118: 98: 573:, are comedies. Even these plays, however, rely heavily on generic commonplaces. 3620: 3432: 3188: 2936: 1602: 1601:, who are most famous now for collecting and editing the plays of Shakespeare's 1440: 1436: 1359: 1260: 744: 702: 684: 569: 397: 318: 113: 79: 17: 2635: 2184:
Maurer, Margaret (2005). "Review: Shakespeare and the History of Soliloquies".
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to give a sense of conclusion, or completion. A typical example is provided in
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During Shakespeare's lifetime, many of his greatest plays were staged at the
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In some cases the textual solution presents few difficulties. In the case of
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may have revised this tragedy in 1615 to incorporate extra musical sequences.
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Dillon, Janette (2006). "Elizabethan comedy". In Leggatt, Alexander (ed.).
2289:(2 ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 34. 2197: 2779: 2753: 2529: 1191:– May have resulted from collaboration between Shakespeare and Middleton. 536: 290: 2684:
Shakespeare in Print: A History and Chronology of Shakespeare Publishing
1151:– Generally considered a collaboration between Shakespeare and Fletcher. 3394: 3387: 3219: 3027: 3020: 2764: 2524: 1613: 1551: 1505: 1155: 1143:– Some scholars argue that Shakespeare wrote less than 20% of the text. 1107:) – Contemporaneous reports suggest that Shakespeare collaborated with 1029: 1008: 638: 509: 441: 409: 404: 186: 161: 157: 153: 2794: 1069:". The three plays marked with were not included in the First Folio. 388:, he almost always wrote a large proportion of his plays and poems in 2999: 1608:
Shakespeare's plays continued to be staged after his death until the
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Bentley, G. E. "The Profession of Dramatist in Shakespeare's Time",
1131:– Brian Vickers concluded that the play was 40% Shakespeare and 60% 400:
extensively in character dialogue, thus heightening poetic effects.
2586:"Shakespeare's 'Sublimely, Disturbingly Smutty Effect' Must Endure" 1612:(1649–1660), when all public stage performances were banned by the 524:(c. 1601) may be a reworking of an older, lost play (the so-called 274:
In comedy, Shakespeare strayed even further from classical models.
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by William Shakespeare, Barron's Educational Series, 2002, p. 11.
2786: 55:. The exact number of plays as well as their classifications as 2798: 2161:. Ed. John F. Andrews. 2001. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1863:
The Herculean Hero in Marlowe, Chapman, Shakespeare, and Dryden
2324:"Further Proof of Shakespeare's Hand in 'The Spanish Tragedy'" 2277:(2010). "Shakespeare's writing, from manuscript to print". In 1353: 1101:(a lost play or one that survives only as a later adaptation, 717:) being added at the end of the list of comedies and another ( 195:, or as a position for a character to harangue a crowd, as in 2472:
Shakespeare and Modern Theatre: The Performance of Modernity.
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Also publication years and chronology of Shakespeare's plays
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In August 2023, restrictions were placed on the teaching of
1199:– May have been written in collaboration with or revised by 726: 2706:, vol. LXXI, no. 10 (6 June 2024), pp. 28-30, 32. "So what 1958:
The Heart's Forest: A Study of Shakespeare's Pastoral Plays
1787:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 160–171. 1250:– Attributed to William Shakespeare and John Fletcher in a 1061:: Plays marked with are now commonly referred to as the " 384:
While many passages in Shakespeare's plays are written in
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aesthetic theory. This theory was derived ultimately from
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Narrative and Dramatic Sources of all Shakespeare's works
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The modern reconstruction of the Globe Theatre, in London
1065:". Plays marked with are sometimes referred to as the " 180:
in the late twentieth century suggested that all London
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by William Shakespeare, Simon and Schuster, 2004, p. xl
325:, the writer who had popularised the genre in England. 1941:
Comicall Satyre and Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida
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Shakespeare's plays are also notable for their use of
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Will in The World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare
2494:"The Banning of the Bard | Online Library of Liberty" 1648:
directed quarto and folio texts with few cuts, while
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for example, scholars believe that someone (probably
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Archaeological excavations on the foundations of the
2383:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 7. 2174:. translated by Charity S. Stokes, Routledge, p. 11. 2053:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 52. 1734:
The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)
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for what scholars believe to be his later comedies.
3814: 3757: 3686: 3543: 3514: 3343: 3334: 3281: 3202: 3174: 3065: 2975: 2841: 2832: 1171:– May have undergone a light revision by Middleton. 74:Many of his plays appeared in print as a series of 40:, containing scenes and characters from several of 2734:Complete list of shakespeare's plays with synopsis 2429:. New York: Cornell University Press. p. 64. 1850:The English History Play in the Age of Shakespeare 688:, are so called because they bear similarities to 403:To end many scenes in his plays he used a rhyming 2021:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 1770:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 499–532). 1211:– Attributed in 1634 to Fletcher and Shakespeare. 440:. Shakespeare's humour was largely influenced by 144:closet dramas. These plays, usually performed in 2474:London; New York: Routledge; Introduction, 5–6. 2470:Bristol, Michael, and Kathleen McLuskie (eds.). 2624:The Cambridge Companion to Shakespearean Comedy 1977:. London: Chatto and Windus. pp. 472–474. 1852:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 12–27. 1282:includes fragments of Shakespeare's lost play. 1183:, either as collaborator, reviser, or revisee. 489:Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande 2810: 2410:Lear from Study to Stage: Essays in Criticism 2242:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, p. 3 2217: 2215: 8: 576:While there is much dispute about the exact 502:is probably an adaptation of an older play, 328:The influence of younger dramatists such as 1388:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 128:The other strand of dramatic tradition was 3754: 3340: 2838: 2817: 2803: 2795: 2420: 2418: 2309: 2287:The New Cambridge companion to Shakespeare 1960:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 130ff. 1754: 461:Shakespeare and the History of Soliloquies 267:had vanished, replaced by the subtlety of 1707:Music in the plays of William Shakespeare 1408:Learn how and when to remove this message 377:period, not long before the start of the 208:A different model was developed with the 112:moral attributes to urge or instruct the 1927:Shakespeare: Dark Comedies to Last Plays 419:That summons thee to heaven or to hell. 2584:Lichtenberg, Drew (10 September 2023). 2322:Schuessler, Jennifer (12 August 2013). 1810:(Cambridge: Harvard University Press), 1768:Shakspere's Small Latine and Less Greek 1747: 723:) at the end of the list of histories. 2598:from the original on 10 September 2023 2367: 1865:. New York: Columbia University Press. 1836: 545:(from the 1579 English translation by 3569:Complete Works of William Shakespeare 2336:from the original on 20 December 2016 1874: 1674:, theater resumed in a limited way. 417:Hear it not Duncan, for it is a knell 343:, may even have been inspired by the 104:. These plays, generally celebrating 7: 2722:Complete text of Shakespeare's plays 2551:Lichtenberg, Drew (13 August 2023). 1929:. London: Routledge. pp. 18–40. 1386:adding citations to reliable sources 3929: 2565:from the original on 13 August 2023 2532:from the original on 13 August 2023 2449:Griffiths, Trevor R. (ed.) (1996). 2004:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p.  1350:Shakespeare and the textual problem 1226:– A late sixteenth-century writer, 392:. In some of his early works (like 3744:Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien 1943:. San Marino: Huntington Library. 1679:Shakespearean plays and literature 664:– These plays romances, including 25: 2518:Patterson, Jeff (8 August 2023). 1893:. Houston: Rice Institute Press, 1692:Chronology of Shakespeare's plays 578:chronology of Shakespeare's plays 351:success of tragicomedies such as 3928: 3919: 3918: 3272: 2728:Summaries of Shakespeare's plays 2492:McGath, Gary (19 October 2022). 2157:"Humor in Shakespeare's Plays". 1911:Cymbeline and Coterie Dramaturgy 1702:List of Shakespearean characters 1358: 228:took hold, and playwrights like 148:, adhered to classical ideas of 2759:The Shakespeare Resource Center 1891:Horace and the Spirit of Comedy 515:The Famous Victories of Henry V 3749:Works titled after Shakespeare 2686:. Cambridge University Press. 2553:"Make Shakespeare Dirty Again" 1: 3909:Shakespeare and other authors 2427:Shakespeare Among the Moderns 2129:"Hamlet's Puns and Paradoxes" 1287:Plays possibly by Shakespeare 3955:Plays by William Shakespeare 3791:Shakespeare Birthplace Trust 2703:The New York Review of Books 2170:Clemen, Wolfgang H. (1987). 2159:Shakespeare's World and Work 1079:Shakespeare's collaborations 518:. There is speculation that 475:Source material of the plays 182:English Renaissance theatres 3597:English Renaissance theatre 3440:The Second Maiden's Tragedy 3419:The Merry Devil of Edmonton 2951:The Two Gentlemen of Verona 2264:. Accessed 23 October 2005. 2240:Hamlet in his Modern Guises 1827:Ashgate Publishing, p. 156. 1797:Gurr, pp. 123–131, 142–146. 1717:Shakespeare's late romances 752:The Two Gentlemen of Verona 690:medieval romance literature 3976: 3765:Folger Shakespeare Library 3311:The Phoenix and the Turtle 2901:The Merry Wives of Windsor 2749:Folger Shakespeare Library 2636:10.1017/CCOL0521770440.004 2628:Cambridge University Press 2081:Folger Shakespeare Library 1975:Shakespeare: The Biography 1659: 1519:Shakespeare in performance 1516: 1268:produced a play he called 1076: 957: 862: 759:The Merry Wives of Windsor 735: 615:The Merry Wives of Windsor 321:, even collaborating with 3903: 3784:Royal Shakespeare Theatre 3779:Royal Shakespeare Company 3270: 2908:A Midsummer Night's Dream 2852:All's Well That Ends Well 2451:A Midsummer Night's Dream 2425:Halpern, Richard (1997). 2356:A Midsummer Night's Dream 2238:Welsh, Alexander (2001). 2172:Shakespeare's Soliloquies 2047:Meagher, John C. (2003). 1823:Logan, Robert A. (2006). 1806:Bevington, David (1969). 1590:A Midsummer Night's Dream 1587:and, possibly, Bottom in 1239:All's Well That Ends Well 822:All's Well That Ends Well 794:A Midsummer Night's Dream 630:– Beginning in 1599 with 601:A Midsummer Night's Dream 2922:Pericles, Prince of Tyre 2745:"All Shakespeare's works 2001:Elizabethan and Jacobean 1939:Campbell, O. J. (1938). 1723:Returning to Shakespeare 1670:ended with the death of 1420:Unlike his contemporary 1176:Pericles, Prince of Tyre 843:Pericles, Prince of Tyre 708:Pericles, Prince of Tyre 667:Pericles, Prince of Tyre 38:The Plays of Shakespeare 2930:The Taming of the Shrew 2682:Murphy, Andrew (2003). 2227:Encyclopædia Britannica 2222:"Shakespeare's sources" 1848:Ribner, Irving (1957). 1808:From Mankind to Marlowe 1766:Baldwin, T. W. (1944). 1668:Commonwealth of England 1646:Harley Granville-Barker 1581:, (who played Peter in 1073:Dramatic collaborations 815:The Taming of the Shrew 595:The Taming of the Shrew 284:, follows the model of 216:Elizabethan Shakespeare 168:Theatre and stage setup 3612:Lord Chamberlain's Men 3523:The Passionate Pilgrim 3296:comparison to Petrarch 2915:Much Ado About Nothing 2894:The Merchant of Venice 2379:Nagler, A. M. (1958). 2133:Shakespeare Navigators 2099:Shakespeare's Wordplay 1998:Wilson, F. P. (1945). 1861:Waith, Eugene (1967). 1574:Much Ado About Nothing 1571:(who played Verges in 1528: 1233:Much Ado About Nothing 1179:– May include work by 801:The Merchant of Venice 780:Much Ado About Nothing 609:Much Ado About Nothing 585:Histories and comedies 512:probably derived from 492: 434:and histories such as 45: 3802:Shakespeare Institute 3771:Shakespeare Quarterly 3290:Shakespeare's sonnets 2958:The Two Noble Kinsmen 2774:The Two Noble Kinsmen 2260:20 April 2009 at the 2198:10.1353/shq.2006.0027 2186:Shakespeare Quarterly 2103:. Routledge. p.  2093:Mahood, Molly Maureen 1825:Shakespeare's Marlowe 1712:Shakespeare on screen 1526: 1296:Shakespeare apocrypha 1208:The Two Noble Kinsmen 1086:The Two Noble Kinsmen 960:Shakespearean tragedy 865:Shakespearean history 850:The Two Noble Kinsmen 714:The Two Noble Kinsmen 483:The first edition of 482: 360:The Two Noble Kinsmen 32: 3658:Spelling of his name 3498:Vortigern and Rowena 3476:Thomas Lord Cromwell 3056:Troilus and Cressida 2986:Antony and Cleopatra 2880:Love's Labour's Lost 2866:The Comedy of Errors 2354:Editor's preface to 1956:David Young (1972). 1633:Antony and Cleopatra 1500:Troilus and Cressida 1382:improve this section 1252:Stationers' Register 1121:The Yale Shakespeare 1037:Antony and Cleopatra 967:Troilus and Cressida 787:Love's Labour's Lost 773:The Comedy of Errors 738:Shakespearean comedy 564:Love's Labour's Lost 448:Soliloquies in plays 340:Troilus and Cressida 297:Jacobean Shakespeare 276:The Comedy of Errors 3882:Richard Shakespeare 3864:Gilbert Shakespeare 3796:Shakespeare's Globe 3701:Authorship question 3696:Attribution studies 3663:Stratford-upon-Avon 3505:A Yorkshire Tragedy 3483:Thomas of Woodstock 3469:The Spanish Tragedy 3410:Love's Labour's Won 3402:The London Prodigal 3359:The Birth of Merlin 3318:The Rape of Lucrece 3304:A Lover's Complaint 3184:Quarto publications 2887:Measure for Measure 2826:William Shakespeare 2660:. London: Pimlico. 2654:Greenblatt, Stephen 2498:oll.libertyfund.org 2381:Shakespeare's Stage 2279:de Grazia, Margreta 1877:, pp. 220–225. 1650:Edward Gordon Craig 1618:English Restoration 1537:Blackfriars Theatre 1513:Performance history 1342:The Spanish Tragedy 1326:A Yorkshire Tragedy 1320:The London Prodigal 1223:Love's Labour's Won 1168:Measure for Measure 766:Measure for Measure 549:), and the English 345:War of the Theatres 278:, an adaptation of 234:Christopher Marlowe 226:English Renaissance 210:Blackfriars Theatre 138:Renaissance England 53:William Shakespeare 49:Shakespeare's plays 42:William Shakespeare 3876:Edmund Shakespeare 3834:Hamnet Shakespeare 3731:Screen adaptations 3454:Sir John Oldcastle 3352:Arden of Faversham 2630:. pp. 47–63. 2591:The New York Times 2558:The New York Times 2329:The New York Times 1616:rulers. After the 1529: 1483:Oxford Shakespeare 1304:Arden of Faversham 493: 368:earlier comedies. 46: 34:Sir John Gilbert's 3942: 3941: 3846:Elizabeth Barnard 3810: 3809: 3539: 3538: 3268: 3267: 2966:The Winter's Tale 2399:Shapiro, 131–132. 2296:978-0-521-88632-1 2275:Woudhuysen, Henry 1839:, pp. 49–54. 1429:playing companies 1418: 1417: 1410: 1055: 1054: 836:The Winter's Tale 679:The Winter's Tale 555:Raphael Holinshed 491:, printed in 1577 485:Raphael Holinshed 390:iambic pentameter 379:Thirty Years' War 16:(Redirected from 3967: 3932: 3931: 3922: 3921: 3870:Joan Shakespeare 3852:John Shakespeare 3755: 3736:Shakespeare and 3447:Sejanus His Fall 3414: 3374:Double Falsehood 3341: 3325:Venus and Adonis 3276: 3049:Titus Andronicus 3035:Romeo and Juliet 2839: 2819: 2812: 2805: 2796: 2700:, "No Comfort", 2671: 2649: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2489: 2483: 2468: 2462: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2422: 2413: 2406: 2400: 2397: 2391: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2271: 2265: 2249: 2243: 2236: 2230: 2219: 2210: 2209: 2181: 2175: 2168: 2162: 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2135:. Archived from 2125: 2119: 2118: 2102: 2089: 2083: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2044: 2038: 2033:Introduction to 2031: 2025: 2024:115 (1971), 481. 2016: 2010: 2009: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1967: 1961: 1954: 1948: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1919: 1913: 1904: 1898: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1859: 1853: 1846: 1840: 1834: 1828: 1821: 1815: 1804: 1798: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1785:Endeavors of Art 1781:Doran, Madeleine 1777: 1771: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1584:Romeo and Juliet 1488:Henry IV, Part 1 1452:Thomas Middleton 1413: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1393: 1362: 1354: 1196:Titus Andronicus 1161:Thomas Middleton 1140:Henry VI, Part 1 1104:Double Falsehood 1090:Titus Andronicus 988:Romeo and Juliet 981:Titus Andronicus 921:Henry VI, Part 3 914:Henry VI, Part 2 907:Henry VI, Part 1 893:Henry IV, Part 2 886:Henry IV, Part 1 727: 553:are indebted to 547:Sir Thomas North 437:Henry IV, Part 1 425:double entendres 394:Romeo and Juliet 365:textual analysis 265:Titus Andronicus 192:Romeo and Juliet 21: 18:Shakespeare play 3975: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3945: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3899: 3848:(granddaughter) 3806: 3753: 3682: 3648:Religious views 3626:Curtain Theatre 3547: 3535: 3510: 3461:Sir Thomas More 3407: 3381:Edmund Ironside 3330: 3277: 3264: 3238:Ghost character 3198: 3170: 3061: 3042:Timon of Athens 2971: 2828: 2823: 2718: 2698:O'Toole, Fintan 2679: 2677:Further reading 2674: 2668: 2652: 2646: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2568: 2566: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2502: 2500: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2469: 2465: 2448: 2444: 2437: 2424: 2423: 2416: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2353: 2349: 2339: 2337: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2310:Woudhuysen 2010 2308: 2304: 2297: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2262:Wayback Machine 2250: 2246: 2237: 2233: 2220: 2213: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2169: 2165: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2139:on 13 June 2007 2127: 2126: 2122: 2115: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2072: 2068: 2061: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2032: 2028: 2017: 2013: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1985: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1955: 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Cambridge: 2625: 2620: 2619: 2614: 2597: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2580: 2577: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2547: 2544: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2514: 2511: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2485: 2481: 2480:0-415-21984-1 2477: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2459:0-521-57565-6 2456: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2438: 2436:0-8014-8418-9 2432: 2428: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2389:0-300-02689-7 2386: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2318: 2315: 2312:, p. 70. 2311: 2306: 2303: 2298: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2124: 2121: 2116: 2114:9780415036993 2110: 2106: 2101: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2062: 2056: 2052: 2051: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2015: 2012: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1994: 1991: 1986: 1984:1-85619-726-3 1980: 1976: 1972: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1923:Foakes, R. A. 1918: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1800: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1757:, p. 34. 1756: 1751: 1748: 1741: 1736: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1728:Brian Vickers 1725: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1599:John Heminges 1596: 1595:Henry Condell 1592: 1591: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1579:William Kempe 1576: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1533:Globe Theatre 1525: 1520: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1467: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1423: 1412: 1409: 1401: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1367:This section 1365: 1361: 1356: 1355: 1349: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1228:Francis Meres 1225: 1224: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1110: 1109:John Fletcher 1106: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1080: 1072: 1070: 1068: 1067:problem plays 1064: 1063:late romances 1060: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1039: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1010: 1006: 1004: 1003: 1002:Julius Caesar 999: 997: 996: 992: 990: 989: 985: 983: 982: 978: 976: 975: 971: 969: 968: 964: 963: 961: 953: 951: 949: 944: 943: 939: 937: 936: 932: 930: 929: 925: 923: 922: 918: 916: 915: 911: 909: 908: 904: 902: 901: 897: 895: 894: 890: 888: 887: 883: 881: 880: 876: 874: 873: 869: 868: 866: 858: 856: 852: 851: 847: 845: 844: 840: 838: 837: 833: 831: 830: 829:Twelfth Night 826: 824: 823: 819: 817: 816: 812: 810: 809: 805: 803: 802: 798: 796: 795: 791: 789: 788: 784: 782: 781: 777: 775: 774: 770: 768: 767: 763: 761: 760: 756: 754: 753: 749: 747: 746: 742: 741: 739: 731: 729: 728: 724: 722: 721: 716: 715: 710: 709: 704: 696: 691: 687: 686: 681: 680: 675: 674: 669: 668: 663: 662: 661:Late romances 658: 655: 653: 648: 646: 642: 640: 635: 634: 633:Julius Caesar 629: 626: 624: 622: 617: 616: 612: 610: 604: 602: 597: 596: 590: 586: 583: 582: 581: 579: 574: 572: 571: 566: 565: 560: 556: 552: 551:history plays 548: 544: 543: 538: 533: 529: 528: 523: 522: 517: 516: 511: 507: 506: 501: 500: 490: 486: 481: 474: 472: 470: 466: 462: 457: 455: 447: 445: 443: 439: 438: 433: 432: 426: 420: 414: 412: 411: 406: 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 382: 380: 371: 369: 366: 362: 361: 356: 355: 348: 346: 342: 341: 335: 331: 326: 324: 323:John Fletcher 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 296: 294: 292: 287: 283: 282: 277: 272: 270: 266: 262: 261: 255: 251: 246: 244: 240: 235: 231: 227: 223: 215: 213: 211: 206: 202: 200: 199: 198:Julius Caesar 194: 193: 188: 183: 179: 175: 167: 165: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 126: 124: 123:miracle plays 120: 119:mystery plays 115: 111: 107: 103: 100: 96: 91: 89: 85: 84:problem plays 81: 77: 72: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 43: 39: 35: 31: 27: 19: 3896:(son-in-law) 3890:(son-in-law) 3828:Susanna Hall 3769: 3758:Institutions 3737: 3582:Coat of arms 3575:Translations 3567: 3563:Bibliography 3530:To the Queen 3528: 3521: 3503: 3496: 3488: 3481: 3474: 3467: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3438: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3408: 3400: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3372: 3364: 3357: 3350: 3323: 3316: 3309: 3302: 3288: 3250:Performances 3194:Second Folio 3162: 3155: 3146: 3139: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3108: 3101: 3096: 3089: 3081: 3074: 3054: 3047: 3040: 3033: 3026: 3019: 3012: 3005: 2998: 2991: 2984: 2964: 2956: 2949: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2920: 2913: 2906: 2899: 2892: 2885: 2878: 2871: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2833: 2787: 2778: 2772: 2768: 2765:Shake Sphere 2707: 2701: 2683: 2657: 2623: 2602:11 September 2600:. 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Index

Shakespeare play

Sir John Gilbert's
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
tragedy
history
comedy
living language
quartos
First Folio
problem plays
romances
The Curtain
Tudor
morality plays
piety
personified
protagonist
mystery plays
miracle plays
classical
Aristotle
Renaissance England
Roman
Latin
unity
decorum
Plautus
Terence

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