3288:
617:
2557:
559:
3294:
420:
2568:
144:
2574:
122:
3282:
2047:
2563:
2041:
2053:
510:
had a ribcage slightly less than 2 metres (6.6 ft) deep despite a distance of over 7 metres (23 ft) between its flippers. With its unusually short, toothless snout (compared to the longer, toothed, dolphin-like snouts of most ichthyosaurs), it had been proposed that
527:. However, current research indicates that the jaws of shastasaurid ichthyosaurs do not fit the suction-feeding profile, since their short and narrow hyoid bones are unsuitable to withstand impact forces for such kind of feeding, and since some species like
1193:
Kelley, Neil P.; Irmis, Randall B.; dePolo, Paige E.; Noble, Paula J.; Montague-Judd, Danielle; Little, Holly; Blundell, Jon; Rasmussen, Cornelia; Percival, Lawrence M.E.; Mather, Tamsin A.; Pyenson, Nicholas D. (December 2022).
589:. It is known only from fragmentary remains, which have led to the assumption that it was a 'normal' ichthyosaur in terms of proportions, especially skull proportions. Several species of long-snouted ichthyosaur were referred to
1462:
Dal Sasso & Pinna, 1996 (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Middle
Triassic Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio, Italy/Switzerland: taxonomic and palaeobiological implications"
3450:
3396:
1360:
Nicholls, E. L.; Manabe, M. (2001). "A new genus of ichthyosaur from the Late
Triassic Pardonet Formation of British Columbia: bridging the Triassic-Jurassic gap".
1585:
1534:
Xiaofeng, W.; Bachmann, G. H.; Hagdorn, H.; Sander, P. M.; Cuny, G.; Xiaohong, C.; Chuanshang, W.; Lide, C.; Long, C.; Fansong, M.; Guanghong, X. U. (2008).
647:
probably also had a short snout, although its skull is incompletely known. However, a new juvenile specimen discovered in 2013 shows that the hyoid bone of
3287:
1536:"The Late Triassic Black Shales of the Guanling Area, Guizhou Province, South-West China: A Unique Marine Reptile and Pelagic Crinoid Fossil Lagerstätte"
3480:
3383:
3455:
3490:
948:
3485:
3465:
2556:
905:
1253:"An Upper Triassic (Norian) ichthyosaur (Reptilia, Ichthyopterygia) from northern Alaska and dietary insight based on gut contents"
1578:
844:
3293:
667:. The first study testing its relationships, in 2011, supported the hypothesis that it was indeed more closely related to
1308:"New findings reveal that the middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin"
3460:
663:. However, this classification was not based on any phylogenetic analysis, and the authors also noted similarities with
550:
had one. The upper fluke of the tail was probably much less-developed than the shark-like tails found in later species.
1077:"Short-Snouted Toothless Ichthyosaur from China Suggests Late Triassic Diversification of Suction Feeding Ichthyosaurs"
143:
2567:
1571:
458:
1251:
Druckenmiller, Patrick S.; Kelley, Neil; Whalen, Michael T.; Mcroberts, Christopher; Carter, Joseph G. (2014-09-19).
3470:
3330:
2573:
1002:
3475:
3325:
3281:
1520:
922:
871:
469:
was a medium-sized ichthyosaur, measuring over 7 metres (23 ft) in length. A second possible species of
616:
506:
was highly specialized, and differed considerably from other ichthyosaurs. It was very slender in profile.
3351:
2046:
2040:
923:"On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling Biota (Late Triassic), Guizhou, China"
3422:
3320:
1017:
1016:
Sander, P.M.; Griebeler, E.M.; Klein, N.; Juarbe, J.V.; Wintrich, T.; Revell, L.J.; Schmitz, L. (2021).
558:
1398:
Ji, C.; Jiang, D. Y.; Motani, R.; Hao, W. C.; Sun, Z. Y.; Cai, T. (2013). "A new juvenile specimen of
2394:
2316:
2264:
1369:
1264:
1147:
1088:
839:
679:. However, a 2013 analysis supported the original classification, finding it more closely related to
624:
601:
2052:
1136:"Absence of Suction Feeding Ichthyosaurs and Its Implications for Triassic Mesopelagic Paleoecology"
500:, measuring up to 21 metres (69 ft) in length and weighing 81.5 metric tons (89.8 short tons).
2680:
2523:
1670:
462:
2537:
2793:
2212:
2097:
1847:
1732:
1719:
1682:
1594:
1419:
1288:
1233:
1048:
963:
716:
606:
478:
346:
138:
3427:
2562:
419:
3409:
3401:
3111:
2986:
2951:
2907:
2432:
1812:
1329:
1280:
1225:
1217:
1175:
1116:
1040:
901:
3414:
1252:
3231:
3180:
3148:
3031:
2836:
2692:
2637:
2191:
2128:
1547:
1516:
1483:
1473:
1411:
1377:
1319:
1272:
1207:
1165:
1155:
1106:
1096:
1032:
998:
719:
516:
481:
1018:"Early giant reveals faster evolution of large body size in ichthyosaurs than in cetaceans"
741:
was in fact closer to more advanced ichthyosaurs, and so cannot be considered a species of
637:. It is known from several good specimens, and was originally placed in the separate genus
3074:
3066:
3058:
3016:
2920:
2868:
2769:
2530:
2509:
2502:
2380:
2359:
2219:
1929:
1890:
1856:
1828:
1777:
985:
Nicholls, E.L.; Manabe, M. (2004). "Giant ichthyosaurs of the
Triassic - a new species of
1373:
1268:
1151:
1092:
3224:
3217:
3189:
2958:
2896:
2889:
2852:
2845:
2824:
2719:
2665:
2422:
2402:
2372:
2324:
2308:
2291:
2244:
2152:
2144:
2137:
1903:
1170:
1135:
1111:
1076:
773:
651:
is much shorter, and considered it as a distinct genus based on phylogenetic analysis.
639:
240:
227:
121:
17:
3444:
3210:
3088:
2995:
2974:
2778:
2711:
2701:
2658:
2618:
2160:
2112:
2083:
2070:
2000:
1872:
1865:
1788:
1770:
1552:
1535:
1292:
1237:
1052:
802:
756:
400:
198:
79:
41:
1423:
3169:
3162:
3141:
3126:
3081:
3051:
2936:
2882:
2755:
2492:
2440:
2332:
2300:
2257:
2203:
2177:
1958:
1951:
1911:
1879:
1821:
748:
570:
520:
381:
270:
211:
1415:
1276:
1160:
1101:
3044:
3009:
2928:
2734:
2727:
2604:
2591:
2516:
2451:
2410:
2347:
2271:
1801:
1757:
1746:
1639:
1402:(Ichthyosauria, Shastasauridae) from the Upper Triassic of southwestern China".
850:
764:
659:
533:
had robust sectorial teeth with gut contents of mollusk shells and vertebrates.
529:
524:
425:
392:
54:
3374:
1306:
Renesto, Silvio; Dal Sasso, Cristiano; Fogliazza, Fabio; Ragni, Cinzia (2020).
593:
based on this misinterpretation, but are now placed in other genera (including
3238:
3196:
3103:
3096:
3002:
2943:
2810:
2651:
2625:
2387:
2233:
2226:
1978:
1969:
1918:
1655:
1624:
1212:
595:
586:
546:
541:
99:
64:
1507:(Sander, 1997), an unusual ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of Germany".
1333:
1284:
1221:
3133:
3118:
2966:
2785:
1938:
1195:
1036:
155:
104:
48:
1324:
1229:
1179:
1120:
1044:
1381:
989:
from the
Pardonet Formation (Norian: Late Triassic) of British Columbia".
3368:
3155:
2279:
2104:
1618:
1488:
1437:
Moon, B. (2019). "A new phylogeny of ichthyosaurs (Reptilia: Diapsida)".
1307:
643:. Complete skulls show that it had an unusual short and toothless snout.
496:
was one of the largest known ichthyosaurs, similar in size to modern-day
446:
396:
175:
94:
89:
74:
69:
59:
1478:
3388:
3203:
1985:
1630:
582:
497:
385:
185:
109:
84:
1612:
1563:
723:
485:
404:
165:
3345:
1457:
615:
557:
418:
408:
388:
3349:
3309:
2589:
2068:
1717:
1605:
1567:
1075:
Sander P, Chen X, Cheng L, Wang X (2011). Claessens L (ed.).
771:, however, was re-described and reassigned to its own genus,
1456:
Bindellini G; Wolniewicz AS; Miedema F; Scheyer TM (2021).
1003:
10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0838:GIOTTN]2.0.CO;2
1521:
10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[598:TBOPNS]2.0.CO;2
1134:
Motani R, Tomita T, Maxwell E, Jiang D, Sander P (2013).
1503:
Maisch, M. W.; Matzke, A. T. (2006). "The braincase of
657:
was originally described in 2004 as a large species of
1196:"Grouping behavior in a Triassic marine apex predator"
329:
312:
299:
277:
3358:
3179:
3030:
2985:
2906:
2866:
2835:
2808:
2768:
2753:
2700:
2679:
2635:
2602:
2490:
2450:
2421:
2358:
2290:
2243:
2202:
2175:
2127:
2081:
1999:
1968:
1937:
1928:
1889:
1855:
1846:
1811:
1787:
1756:
1730:
1681:
1654:
898:Dinosaurs and Other Mesozoic Animals of California
488:age (about 210 million years ago). By comparison,
751:species that were referred to this genus include
729:In 2009, Shang & Li reclassified the species
947:Michael W. Maisch and Andreas T. Matzke (2000).
900:, University of California Press, Berkeley 2003
609:and Makoto Manabe considered this species as a
544:; however, the smaller, more basal ichthyosaur
1393:
1391:
916:
914:
1579:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
8:
956:Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde: Serie B
3451:Late Triassic ichthyosaurs of North America
3346:
3306:
3036:
2912:
2874:
2863:
2816:
2765:
2761:
2686:
2676:
2643:
2610:
2599:
2586:
2487:
2364:
2249:
2183:
2124:
2089:
2078:
2065:
1943:
1934:
1895:
1852:
1793:
1762:
1738:
1727:
1714:
1660:
1651:
1602:
1586:
1572:
1564:
872:"†Shastasaurus Merriam 1895 (ichthyosaur)"
515:was a suction feeder (or filled a similar
453:, is known from California, with the name
120:
31:
1551:
1487:
1477:
1348:Neptune's Ark: From Ichthyosaurs to Orcas
1323:
1211:
1169:
1159:
1110:
1100:
1350:. University of California Press, 282pp.
980:
978:
976:
863:
737:. However, later analysis showed that
457:directly referencing Mount Shasta in
7:
523:), preying primarily on soft-bodied
27:Extinct genus of ichthyosaur reptile
1439:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
399:. Specimens have been found in the
1509:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1404:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1362:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
1257:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
991:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
703:, indicating that it is closer to
25:
3292:
3286:
3280:
2572:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2051:
2045:
2039:
1553:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00735.x
921:Shang Qing-Hua, Li Chun (2009).
845:Timeline of ichthyosaur research
142:
3481:Carnian genus first appearances
763:(Sander, 1997) from the German
691:was pertained within the genus
3456:Late Triassic reptiles of Asia
633:may include a second species,
339:(Nicholls & Manabe, 2004 )
1:
3491:Fossil taxa described in 1895
1312:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
793:Guanlingichthyosaurus liangae
675:, and it was reclassified as
434:(red), a possible species of
1416:10.1080/02724634.2013.723082
1277:10.1080/02724634.2014.866573
1161:10.1371/journal.pone.0066075
1102:10.1371/journal.pone.0019480
731:Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae
3507:
1460:Besanosaurus leptorhynchus
449:period. The type species,
3316:
3305:
3278:
3039:
2915:
2877:
2862:
2819:
2764:
2689:
2675:
2646:
2613:
2598:
2585:
2553:
2486:
2367:
2252:
2186:
2123:
2092:
2077:
2064:
2037:
1946:
1898:
1796:
1765:
1741:
1726:
1713:
1663:
1650:
1601:
1213:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.005
711:. Specimens belonging to
677:Shastasaurus sikanniensis
352:
345:
297:
292:
276:
269:
139:Scientific classification
137:
128:
119:
34:
3486:Norian genus extinctions
3466:Ichthyosauromorph genera
695:. In the 2021 analysis,
1037:10.1126/science.abf5787
962:: 1–159. Archived from
819:Shastasaurus alexandrae
755:(Huene, 1925) from the
722:, dating to the middle
715:have been found in the
484:, dating to the middle
438:, compared with a human
18:Shastasaurus alexandrae
1505:Phantomosaurus neubigi
1346:Wallace, D.R. (2008).
1325:10.4202/app.00731.2020
930:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
627:
566:
536:It is unknown whether
445:lived during the late
439:
282:Shastasaurus pacificus
131:Shastasaurus pacificus
3423:Paleobiology Database
1382:10.1139/cjes-38-6-983
876:Paleobiology Database
687:. In the 2019 study,
619:
561:
422:
2395:Guizhouichthyosaurus
2317:Guizhouichthyosaurus
2265:Guizhouichthyosaurus
1458:"Cranial anatomy of
1206:(24): 5398–5405.e3.
896:Hilton, Richard P.,
840:List of ichthyosaurs
826:Shastasaurus osmonti
739:Guizhouichthyosaurus
635:Shastasaurus liangae
625:Royal Tyrrell Museum
602:Guizhouichthyosaurus
554:Species and synonyms
477:, is known from the
3461:Triassic California
2681:Temnodontosauroidea
1479:10.7717/peerj.11179
1374:2001CaJES..38..983N
1269:2014JVPal..34.1460D
1152:2013PLoSO...866075M
1093:2011PLoSO...619480S
949:"The Ichthyosauria"
735:Shastasaurus tangae
699:forms a clade with
463:Northern California
3311:Related categories
2794:Protoichthyosaurus
2213:Barracudasauroides
2098:Quasianosteosaurus
1848:Ichthyosauriformes
1733:Ichthyosauromorpha
1720:Ichthyosauromorpha
1683:Ichthyosauromorpha
1595:Ichthyosauromorpha
1031:(6575): eabf5787.
717:Pardonet Formation
628:
607:Elizabeth Nicholls
567:
479:Pardonet Formation
440:
3471:Fossils of Canada
3438:
3437:
3410:Open Tree of Life
3352:Taxon identifiers
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3331:Triassic reptiles
3301:
3300:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3112:Kazakhstanosaurus
3026:
3025:
2987:Ophthalmosaurinae
2952:Myobradypterygius
2908:Ophthalmosauridae
2804:
2803:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2581:
2580:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2433:Qianichthyosaurus
2171:
2170:
2060:
2059:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
1995:
1994:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1813:Parahupehsuchinae
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
908:, at pages 90-91.
830:
823:
807:
373:
372:
367:
340:
327:
310:
265:
246:
129:Partial skull of
47:235.0–205.6
16:(Redirected from
3498:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3417:
3405:
3404:
3392:
3391:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3347:
3307:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3232:Simbirskiasaurus
3181:Platypterygiinae
3149:Pervushovisaurus
3037:
3032:Platypterygiidae
2913:
2875:
2864:
2837:Stenopterygiidae
2817:
2766:
2762:
2693:Temnodontosaurus
2687:
2677:
2644:
2638:Neoichthyosauria
2611:
2600:
2587:
2576:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2488:
2365:
2250:
2192:Cymbospondylidae
2184:
2129:Cymbospondylidae
2125:
2090:
2079:
2066:
2055:
2049:
2043:
1944:
1935:
1896:
1853:
1794:
1763:
1739:
1728:
1715:
1661:
1652:
1645:
1644:
1603:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1565:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1481:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1357:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1327:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1263:(6): 1460–1465.
1248:
1242:
1241:
1215:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1072:
1057:
1056:
1022:
1013:
1007:
1006:
982:
971:
970:
968:
953:
944:
938:
937:
927:
918:
909:
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
868:
828:
821:
795:
720:British Columbia
581:, from the late
517:ecological niche
493:
482:British Columbia
361:
338:
334:S.? sikanniensis
331:
321:
314:
308:
301:
279:
263:
256:
244:
239:
226:
210:
197:
147:
146:
124:
114:
51:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3476:Triassic Canada
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3413:
3408:
3400:
3395:
3387:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3354:
3344:
3335:
3326:Marine reptiles
3312:
3297:
3244:
3175:
3075:Brachypterygius
3067:Athabascasaurus
3059:Arthropterygius
3022:
3017:Ophthalmosaurus
2981:
2921:Arthropterygius
2902:
2871:
2869:Ophthalmosauria
2858:
2831:
2813:
2800:
2770:Ichthyosauridae
2758:
2741:
2696:
2671:
2640:
2631:
2607:
2594:
2577:
2543:
2531:Svalbardosaurus
2510:Pachygonosaurus
2503:Barracudasaurus
2466:
2446:
2417:
2381:Californosaurus
2360:Euichthyosauria
2354:
2286:
2239:
2220:Contectopalatus
2198:
2180:
2167:
2119:
2086:
2073:
2056:
2015:
1991:
1964:
1930:Eoichthyosauria
1924:
1891:Ichthyopterygia
1885:
1857:Omphalosauridae
1834:
1829:Parahupehsuchus
1807:
1783:
1778:Nanchangosaurus
1752:
1735:
1722:
1697:
1677:
1646:
1608:
1607:
1597:
1592:
1562:
1561:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1368:(6): 983–1002.
1359:
1358:
1354:
1345:
1341:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1200:Current Biology
1192:
1191:
1187:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1074:
1073:
1060:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1010:
984:
983:
974:
966:
951:
946:
945:
941:
925:
920:
919:
912:
895:
891:
881:
879:
870:
869:
865:
860:
836:
824:
817:
791:
753:S. carinthiacus
713:S. sikanniensis
697:S. sikanniensis
689:S. sikanniensis
655:S. sikanniensis
621:S. sikanniensis
562:Restoration of
556:
508:S. sikanniensis
491:
475:S. sikanniensis
459:Siskiyou County
432:S. sikanniensis
417:
384:lizard") is an
337:
328:
320:
311:
307:
288:
285:
262:
254:
243:
237:
224:
208:
195:
141:
115:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
46:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3504:
3502:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3443:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3419:
3406:
3393:
3380:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3225:Plutoniosaurus
3221:
3218:Platypterygius
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3190:Caypullisaurus
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3130:
3123:
3115:
3108:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2971:
2963:
2959:Nannopterygius
2955:
2948:
2940:
2933:
2925:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2897:Macropterygius
2893:
2890:Delphinosaurus
2886:
2878:
2872:
2867:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2853:Stenopterygius
2849:
2846:Magnipterygius
2841:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:Chacaicosaurus
2820:
2814:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2772:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2724:
2720:Excalibosaurus
2716:
2707:
2705:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2684:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2666:Suevoleviathan
2662:
2655:
2647:
2641:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2614:
2608:
2603:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2498:
2496:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2428:
2426:
2423:Toretocnemidae
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2407:
2403:Mikadocephalus
2399:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2373:Auroroborealia
2368:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2325:Himalayasaurus
2321:
2313:
2309:Guanlingsaurus
2305:
2296:
2294:
2292:Shastasauridae
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2245:Merriamosauria
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2187:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2153:Thalattoarchon
2149:
2145:Phantomosaurus
2141:
2138:Cymbospondylus
2133:
2131:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1904:Isfjordosaurus
1899:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1664:
1658:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1526:
1515:(3): 598–607.
1495:
1448:
1429:
1410:(2): 340–348.
1400:Guanlingsaurus
1387:
1352:
1339:
1298:
1243:
1185:
1146:(12): e66075.
1126:
1058:
1008:
997:(3): 838–849.
972:
969:on 2011-07-18.
939:
910:
889:
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
854:
847:
842:
835:
832:
774:Phantomosaurus
649:Guanlingsaurus
640:Guanlingsaurus
555:
552:
416:
413:
395:from the Late
371:
370:
369:
368:
358:Guanlingsaurus
350:
349:
343:
342:
295:
294:
290:
289:
286:
274:
273:
267:
266:
252:
248:
247:
241:Shastasauridae
235:
231:
230:
228:Merriamosauria
222:
215:
214:
206:
202:
201:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
52:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3503:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3308:
3304:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3283:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3211:Maiaspondylus
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:Cryopterygius
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:Acamptonectes
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2976:
2975:Thalassodraco
2972:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2779:Ichthyosaurus
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2712:Eurhinosaurus
2709:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:Leptonectidae
2699:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2659:Hauffiopteryx
2656:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2619:Hudsonelpidia
2616:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:Sphaerodontes
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2163:
2162:
2161:Xinminosaurus
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2114:
2113:Xinminosaurus
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2084:Ichthyosauria
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:Ichthyosauria
2067:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2001:Ichthyosauria
1998:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1873:Omphalosaurus
1870:
1868:
1867:
1866:Cartorhynchus
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Hupehsuchidae
1786:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1771:Eohupehsuchus
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:Palaeontology
1537:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1489:11573/1682932
1485:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:(5): e19480.
1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
981:
979:
977:
973:
965:
961:
957:
950:
943:
940:
936:(3): 178–193.
935:
931:
924:
917:
915:
911:
907:
906:0-520-23315-8
903:
899:
893:
890:
878:. Fossilworks
877:
873:
867:
864:
857:
853:
852:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
831:
829:Merriam, 1902
827:
822:Merriam, 1902
820:
816:
814:
808:
805:
804:
803:lapsus calami
799:
794:
790:
788:
784:
778:
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:Austrian Alps
754:
750:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:
656:
652:
650:
646:
642:
641:
636:
632:
626:
622:
618:
614:
612:
608:
604:
603:
598:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
565:
560:
553:
551:
549:
548:
543:
539:
534:
532:
531:
526:
522:
521:beaked whales
518:
514:
509:
505:
501:
499:
495:
487:
483:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
437:
433:
429:
427:
421:
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
401:United States
398:
394:
390:
387:
383:
379:
378:
365:
360:
359:
354:
353:
351:
348:
344:
341:
336:
335:
325:
319:
318:
309:Merriam, 1895
306:
305:
296:
291:
287:Merriam, 1895
284:
283:
275:
272:
268:
264:Merriam, 1895
261:
260:
253:
250:
249:
245:Merriam, 1895
242:
236:
233:
232:
229:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
207:
204:
203:
200:
199:Ichthyosauria
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
145:
140:
136:
132:
127:
123:
118:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
50:
43:
42:Late Triassic
37:
33:
30:
19:
3360:Shastasaurus
3359:
3321:Ichthyosaurs
3285:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3170:Undorosaurus
3168:
3163:Sveltonectes
3161:
3154:
3147:
3142:Parrassaurus
3140:
3132:
3127:Muiscasaurus
3125:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3082:Catutosaurus
3080:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3052:Aegirosaurus
3050:
3043:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2937:Jabalisaurus
2935:
2927:
2919:
2895:
2888:
2883:Argovisaurus
2881:
2851:
2844:
2823:
2792:
2784:
2777:
2756:Thunnosauria
2733:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2691:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2624:
2617:
2560:
2538:Tibetosaurus
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2493:Nomina dubia
2491:
2441:Toretocnemus
2439:
2431:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2346:
2341:Shastasaurus
2340:
2339:
2333:Ichthyotitan
2331:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2301:Besanosaurus
2299:
2278:
2270:
2263:
2258:Besanosaurus
2256:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:Mixosauridae
2190:
2178:Hueneosauria
2159:
2151:
2143:
2136:
2111:
2103:
2096:
2044:
1984:
1977:
1959:Utatsusaurus
1957:
1952:Parvinatator
1950:
1917:
1912:Chaohusaurus
1910:
1902:
1880:Sclerocormus
1878:
1871:
1864:
1827:
1822:Eretmorhipis
1820:
1800:
1776:
1769:
1745:
1635:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1203:
1199:
1188:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1084:
1080:
1028:
1024:
1011:
994:
990:
986:
964:the original
959:
955:
942:
933:
929:
897:
892:
880:. Retrieved
875:
866:
849:
825:
818:
813:S. pacificus
812:
811:Synonyms of
810:
809:
801:
797:
792:
786:
782:
781:Synonyms of
780:
779:
772:
768:
760:
752:
747:
743:Shastasaurus
742:
738:
734:
730:
728:
712:
709:Shastasaurus
708:
704:
700:
696:
693:Shastasaurus
692:
688:
685:Shastasaurus
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:Shastasaurus
668:
665:Shastasaurus
664:
658:
654:
653:
648:
645:S. pacificus
644:
638:
634:
631:Shastasaurus
630:
629:
620:
611:nomen dubium
610:
600:
594:
591:Shastasaurus
590:
585:of northern
579:S. pacificus
578:
575:Shastasaurus
574:
571:type species
568:
564:S. pacificus
563:
545:
538:Shastasaurus
537:
535:
528:
513:Shastasaurus
512:
507:
504:Shastasaurus
503:
502:
494:sikanniensis
489:
474:
471:Shastasaurus
470:
467:S. pacificus
466:
455:Shastasaurus
454:
451:S. pacificus
450:
443:Shastasaurus
442:
441:
436:Shastasaurus
435:
431:
430:(green) and
424:
382:Mount Shasta
377:Shastasaurus
376:
375:
374:
363:
357:
356:
333:
332:
323:
316:
315:
304:S. pacificus
303:
302:
298:
281:
280:
271:Type species
259:Shastasaurus
258:
257:
218:
212:Longipinnati
133:(UCMP 9017)
130:
36:Shastasaurus
35:
29:
3045:Acuetzpalin
3010:Mollesaurus
2929:Gengasaurus
2735:Wahlisaurus
2728:Leptonectes
2605:Parvipelvia
2592:Parvipelvia
2517:Pessosaurus
2452:Parvipelvia
2411:Shonisaurus
2348:Shonisaurus
2272:Pessopteryx
1802:Hupehsuchus
1758:Hupehsuchia
1747:Baisesaurus
1640:Neodiapsida
987:Shonisaurus
882:17 December
851:Shonisaurus
765:Muschelkalk
705:Shonisaurus
701:Shonisaurus
681:Shonisaurus
673:Shonisaurus
660:Shonisaurus
530:Shonisaurus
525:cephalopods
426:Shonisaurus
415:Description
393:ichthyosaur
317:S.? liangae
3445:Categories
3239:Sisteronia
3197:Kyhytysuka
3104:Janusaurus
3097:Grendelius
3003:Baptanodon
2944:Janusaurus
2811:Baracromia
2652:Dearcmhara
2626:Macgowania
2461:see below↓
2388:Callawayia
2234:Phalarodon
2227:Mixosaurus
2010:see below↓
1979:Gulosaurus
1970:Grippiidae
1919:Thaisaurus
1692:see below↓
1671:Sauropsida
1656:Sauropsida
1629:Subclass:
1625:Sauropsida
1472:(e11179).
858:References
787:G. liangae
769:S. neubigi
761:S. neubigi
623:specimen,
596:Callawayia
587:California
547:Mixosaurus
542:dorsal fin
519:as extant
205:Suborder:
3134:Palvennia
3119:Keilhauia
2967:Palvennia
2786:Malawania
1939:Grippidia
1611:Kingdom:
1546:: 27–61.
1334:0567-7920
1293:129908740
1285:0272-4634
1238:254874088
1222:0960-9822
1053:245444783
613:in 2000.
498:cetaceans
428:popularis
162:Kingdom:
156:Eukaryota
3375:Q2700110
3369:Wikidata
3156:Sumpalla
2280:Wimanius
2105:Tholodus
1631:Diapsida
1619:Chordata
1617:Phylum:
1613:Animalia
1424:83784699
1230:36538877
1180:24348983
1140:PLOS ONE
1121:21625429
1081:PLOS ONE
1045:34941418
834:See also
800:, 2008 (
707:than to
683:than to
671:than to
447:Triassic
423:Size of
397:Triassic
347:Synonyms
326:, 2000 )
293:Species
234:Family:
186:Reptilia
176:Chordata
172:Phylum:
166:Animalia
152:Domain:
3415:4946523
3402:1036702
3389:4818004
3204:Leninia
1986:Grippia
1623:Class:
1445:: 1–27.
1370:Bibcode
1265:Bibcode
1171:3859474
1148:Bibcode
1112:3100301
1089:Bibcode
1025:Science
749:Dubious
583:Carnian
386:extinct
366:, 2000
251:Genus:
192:Order:
182:Class:
1422:
1332:
1291:
1283:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1178:
1168:
1119:
1109:
1051:
1043:
904:
798:et al.
724:Norian
540:had a
492:
486:Norian
407:, and
405:Canada
364:et al.
324:et al.
3428:36571
3397:IRMNG
1636:Clade
1466:PeerJ
1420:S2CID
1289:S2CID
1234:S2CID
1049:S2CID
1021:(PDF)
967:(PDF)
952:(PDF)
926:(PDF)
796:Wang
726:age.
409:China
389:genus
322:(Yin
3384:GBIF
1669:see
1330:ISSN
1281:ISSN
1226:PMID
1218:ISSN
1176:PMID
1117:PMID
1041:PMID
902:ISBN
884:2021
759:and
599:and
569:The
362:Yin
219:Node
55:PreꞒ
1548:doi
1517:doi
1484:hdl
1474:doi
1412:doi
1378:doi
1320:doi
1273:doi
1208:doi
1166:PMC
1156:doi
1107:PMC
1097:doi
1033:doi
1029:374
999:doi
960:298
733:as
605:).
577:is
573:of
391:of
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490:S.
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330:†
313:†
300:†
278:†
255:†
238:†
225:†
209:†
196:†
110:N
100:K
95:J
90:T
85:P
80:C
75:D
70:S
65:O
60:Ꞓ
20:)
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