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877:. Dorchester's proposal was vetoed in London, however, and no assistance came to the rebels. The same day that Lincoln arrived at Petersham, the state legislature passed bills authorizing a state of martial law and giving the governor broad powers to act against the rebels. The bills also authorized state payments to reimburse Lincoln and the merchants who had funded the army and authorized the recruitment of additional militia. On February 16, 1787, the Massachusetts legislature passed the Disqualification Act to prevent a legislative response by rebel sympathizers. This bill forbade any acknowledged rebels from holding a variety of elected and appointed offices.
774:
149:
42:
820:. The rebels originally had planned their assault for January 25. At the last moment, Day changed this date and sent a message to Shays indicating that he would not be ready to attack until the 26th. Day's message was intercepted by Shepard's men. As such, the militias of Shays and Parsons approached the armory on the 25th not knowing that they would have no support from the west. Instead, they found Shepard's militia waiting for them. Shepard first ordered warning shots fired over the heads of Shays's men. He then ordered two cannons to fire
556:
972:
704:, the local militia commander, who began gathering militiamen the Saturday before the court was to sit, and he had 300 men protecting the Springfield courthouse by opening time. Shays and Day were able to recruit a similar number but chose only to demonstrate, exercising their troops outside of Shepard's lines rather than attempting to seize the building. The judges first postponed hearings and then adjourned on the 28th without hearing any cases. Shepard withdrew his force (which had grown to around 800 men) to the
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753:. The legislature also moved to make some concessions on matters that upset farmers, saying that certain old taxes could now be paid in goods instead of hard currency. These measures were followed by one prohibiting speech critical of the government and offering pardons to protestors willing to take an oath of allegiance. These legislative actions were unsuccessful in quelling the protests, and the suspension of
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963:, "You talk, my good sir, of employing influence to appease the present tumults in Massachusetts. I know not where that influence is to be found, or, if attainable, that it would be a proper remedy for the disorders. Influence is not government. Let us have a government by which our lives, liberties, and properties will be secured, or let us know the worst at once."
454:
they were unable to fulfill their debt and tax obligations. This led to strong resentments against tax collectors and the courts, where creditors obtained judgments against debtors, and where tax collectors obtained judgments authorizing property seizures. A farmer identified as "Plough Jogger" summarized the situation at a meeting convened by aggrieved commoners:
943:
neighboring states, and he introduced legislation that broke the impasse between New York and
Vermont. Vermonters responded favorably to the overture, publicly pushing Eli Parsons and Luke Day out of the state (but quietly continuing to support others). Vermont became the fourteenth state after negotiations with New York and the passage of the new constitution.
1075:
leading up to the state's ratifying convention in 1788. When the vote was taken on
February 6, 1788, representatives of rural communities involved in the rebellion voted against ratification by a wide margin, but the day was carried by a coalition of merchants, urban elites, and market town leaders. The state ratified the constitution by a vote of 187 to 168.
840:
out parties or even their guards". Lincoln claimed to capture 150 men but none of them were officers, and historian
Leonard Richards has questioned the veracity of the report. Most of the leadership escaped north into New Hampshire and Vermont, where they were sheltered despite repeated demands that they be returned to Massachusetts for trial.
1148:, a memorial was erected in 1927 by the New England Society of Brooklyn, New York, in commemoration of General Benjamin Lincoln's rout of the Shaysite forces there on the morning of February 4. The lengthy inscription is typical of the traditional, pro-government interpretation, ending with the line, "Obedience to the law is true liberty."
688:
Matters were resolved without violence in Rhode Island because the "country party" gained control of the legislature in 1786 and enacted measures forcing its merchants to trade debt instruments for devalued currency. Boston's merchants were concerned by this, especially
Bowdoin who held more than £3,000 in Massachusetts notes.
1066:, a merchant speculator and Massachusetts delegate from Essex County, thought that a federal response to the rebellion would have been even worse than that of the state. He was one of the few convention delegates who refused to sign the new constitution, although his reasons for doing so did not stem from the rebellion.
471:. Some soldiers began to organize protests against these oppressive economic conditions. In 1780, Daniel Shays resigned from the army unpaid and went home to find himself in court for non-payment of debts. He soon realized that he was not alone in his inability to pay his debts and began organizing for debt relief.
1050:
of
Connecticut argued that because the people could not be trusted (as exemplified by Shays's Rebellion), the members of the federal House of Representatives should be chosen by state legislatures, not by popular vote. The example of Shays's Rebellion may also have been influential in the addition of
506:
Most rural communities attempted to use the legislative process to gain relief. Petitions and proposals were repeatedly submitted to the state legislature to issue paper currency, which would depreciate the currency and make it possible to pay a high-value debt with lower-valued paper. The merchants,
954:
was serving as ambassador to France at the time and refused to be alarmed by Shays's
Rebellion. He argued in a letter to James Madison on January 30, 1787, that occasional rebellion serves to preserve freedoms. In a letter to William Stephens Smith on November 13, 1787, Jefferson wrote, "The tree of
796:
While the government forces assembled, Shays and Day and other rebel leaders in the west organized their forces establishing regional regimental organizations that were run by democratically elected committees. Their first major target was the federal armory in
Springfield. General Shepard had taken
731:
on
October 22, "We are now in a state of Anarchy and Confusion bordering on Civil War." Courts were able to meet in the larger towns and cities, but they required protection of the militia which Bowdoin called out for the purpose. Governor Bowdoin commanded the legislature to "vindicate the insulted
514:
Governor
Hancock resigned in early 1785 citing health reasons, though some suggested that he was anticipating trouble. Bowdoin had repeatedly lost to Hancock in earlier elections, but he was elected governor that year—and matters became more severe. He stepped up civil actions to collect back taxes,
942:
broke from other New
Yorkers, including major landowners with claims on Vermont territory, calling for the state to recognize and support Vermont's bid for admission to the union. He cited Vermont's de facto independence and its ability to cause trouble by providing support to the discontented from
687:
by similar action on September 5, but the county militia refused to turn out, as it was composed mainly of men sympathetic to the protestors. Governors of the neighboring states acted decisively, calling out the militia to hunt down the ringleaders in their own states after the first such protests.
1006:
from September 11–14, 1786, and they concluded that vigorous steps were needed to reform the federal government, but they disbanded because of a lack of full representation and authority, calling for a convention of all the states to be held in Philadelphia in May 1787. Historian Robert Feer notes
839:
on February 2, around 20 miles (32 km) from Petersham. He led his militia on a forced march to Petersham through a bitter snowstorm on the night of February 3–4, arriving early in the morning. They surprised the rebel camp so thoroughly that the rebels scattered "without time to call in their
760:
Warrants were issued for the arrest of several of the protest ringleaders, and a posse of around 300 men rode to Groton on November 28 to arrest Job Shattuck and other rebel leaders in the area. Shattuck was chased down and arrested on the 30th and was wounded by a sword slash in the process. This
1092:
observation that opposition to ratification in Massachusetts was motivated by "that cursed spirit of insurgency", but that broader opposition in other states originated in other constitutional concerns expressed by Elbridge Gerry, who published a widely distributed pamphlet outlining his concerns
1074:
When the constitution had been drafted, Massachusetts was viewed by Federalists as a state that might not ratify it, because of widespread anti-Federalist sentiment in the rural parts of the state. Massachusetts Federalists, including Henry Knox, were active in courting swing votes in the debates
691:
Daniel Shays had participated in the Northampton action and began to take a more active role in the uprising in November, though he firmly denied that he was one of its leaders. The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts indicted 11 leaders of the rebellion as "disorderly, riotous, and seditious
453:
did not impose hard currency demands on poorer borrowers and refused to actively prosecute the collection of delinquent taxes. The rural farming population was generally unable to meet the demands of merchants and the civil authorities, and some began to lose their land and other possessions when
1078:
Historians are divided on the impact the rebellion had on the ratification debates. Robert Feer notes that major Federalist pamphleteers rarely mentioned it and that some anti-Federalists used the fact that Massachusetts survived the rebellion as evidence that a new constitution was unnecessary.
909:
Four thousand people signed confessions acknowledging participation in the events of the rebellion in exchange for amnesty. Several hundred participants were eventually indicted on charges relating to the rebellion, but most of these were pardoned under a general amnesty that excluded only a few
1058:
The rebellion also played a role in the discussion of the number of chief executives the United States would have going forward. While mindful of tyranny, delegates of the Constitutional Convention thought that the single executive would be more effective in responding to national disturbances.
1026:
writes that the timing of the rebellion "convinced the elites of sovereign states that the proposed gathering at Philadelphia must take place". Some states delayed choosing delegates to the proposed convention, including Massachusetts, in part because it resembled the "extra-legal" conventions
926:
in the gubernatorial election of 1787. The military victory was tempered by tax changes in subsequent years. The legislature cut taxes and placed a moratorium on debts and also refocused state spending away from interest payments, resulting in a 30-percent decline in the value of Massachusetts
429:
largely consisted of subsistence agriculture, particularly in the hill towns of central and western Massachusetts. Some residents in these areas had few assets beyond their land, and they bartered with one another for goods and services. In lean times, farmers might obtain goods on credit from
458:
I have been greatly abused, have been obliged to do more than my part in the war, been loaded with class rates, town rates, province rates, Continental rates, and all rates ... been pulled and hauled by sheriffs, constables, and collectors, and had my cattle sold for less than they were
910:
ringleaders. Eighteen men were convicted and sentenced to death, but most of these had their sentences commuted or overturned on appeal or were pardoned. John Bly and Charles Rose, however, were hanged on December 6, 1787. They were also accused of a common-law crime, as both were looters.
528:
449:, despite the country-wide shortage of such currency. Merchants began to demand the same from their local business partners, including those operating in the market towns in the state's interior. Many of these merchants passed on this demand to their customers, although Governor
787:
The federal government had been unable to recruit soldiers for the army because of a lack of funding, so Massachusetts leaders decided to act independently. On January 4, 1787, Governor Bowdoin proposed creating a privately funded militia army. Former Continental Army General
792:
solicited funds and raised more than £6,000 from more than 125 merchants by the end of January. The 3,000 militiamen who were recruited into this army were almost entirely from the eastern counties of Massachusetts, and they marched to Worcester on January 19.
900:
late in the day for the bloodiest encounter of the rebellion: 30 rebels were wounded (one mortally), at least one government soldier was killed, and many were wounded. Ashley was further reinforced after the encounter, and he reported taking 150 prisoners.
362:. By the early 2020s, scholarship has suggested that Shays's role in the protests was significantly and strategically exaggerated by Massachusetts elites, who had a political interest in shifting blame for bad economic conditions away from themselves.
2717:(The earliest account of the rebellion. Although this account was deeply unsympathetic to the rural Regulators, it became the basis for most subsequent tellings, including the many mentions of the rebellion in Massachusetts town and state histories.)
540:
and successfully prevented the county court from sitting. The leaders of this force proclaimed that they were seeking relief from the burdensome judicial processes that were depriving the people of their land and possessions. They called themselves
2938:
797:
possession of the armory under orders from Governor Bowdoin, and he used its arsenal to arm a militia force of 1,200. He had done this even though the armory was federal property, not state, and he did not have permission from Secretary of War
535:
Protests in rural Massachusetts turned into direct action in August 1786 after the state legislature adjourned without considering the many petitions that had been sent to Boston. On August 29, a well-organized force of protestors formed in
761:
action and the arrest of other protest leaders in the eastern parts of the state angered those in the west, and they began to organize an overthrow of the state government. "The seeds of war are now sown", wrote one correspondent in
921:
The crushing of the rebellion and the harsh terms of reconciliation imposed by the Disqualification Act all worked against Governor Bowdoin politically. He received few votes from the rural parts of the state and was trounced by
913:
Shays was pardoned in 1788 and he returned to Massachusetts from hiding in the Vermont woods. He was vilified by the Boston press, who painted him as an archetypal anarchist opposed to the government. He later moved to the
2931:
824:. Four Shaysites were killed and 20 wounded. There was no musket fire from either side. The rebel advance collapsed with most of the rebel forces fleeing north. Both Shays's men and Day's men eventually regrouped at
5809:
860:
Lincoln's march marked the end of large-scale organized resistance. Ringleaders who eluded capture fled to neighboring states, and pockets of local resistance continued. Some rebel leaders sought assistance from
1120:
The events and people of the uprising are commemorated in the towns where they lived and those where events took place. Sheffield erected a memorial (pictured above) marking the site of the "last battle" on the
502:
on the Rhode Island border on February 3, 1783, when a mob seized property that had been confiscated by a constable and returned it to its owners. Governor Hancock ordered the sheriff to suppress these actions.
2924:
515:
and the legislature exacerbated the situation by levying an additional property tax to raise funds for the state's portion of foreign debt payments. Even comparatively conservative commentators such as
1002:
By early 1785, many influential merchants and political leaders were already agreed that a stronger central government was needed. Shortly after Shays's Rebellion broke out, delegates from five states
683:
Governor Bowdoin issued a proclamation on September 2 denouncing such mob action, but he took no military measures beyond planning a militia response to future actions. The court was then shut down in
678:
This modern map of Massachusetts is annotated to show points of conflict. Places where military conflicts occurred are highlighted in red; the others are locations of courthouses that were shut down.
831:
General Lincoln immediately began marching west from Worcester with the 3,000 men that had been mustered. The rebels moved generally north and east to avoid him, eventually establishing a camp at
892:, a major market town in the southwestern corner of the state. They raided the shops of merchants and the homes of merchants and local professionals, establishing an operational headquarters at
6681:
389:. The widely-held view had already developed that the Articles of Confederation were untenable and needed amending, with the events of the rebellion serving as further evidence for the later
3380:
1885:
Szatmary (p. 122) and Richards (p. 36) disagree on the casualty figures. Szatmary reports three government soldiers killed, Richards one. Richards does not report on the government wounded.
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5825:
4852:
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among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes on both individuals and their trades. The fighting took place in the areas around
1018:
wrote that the rural disturbances and the inability of the central government to fund troops in response made "the inefficiency of the Federal government more and more manifest".
421:
Artist's depiction of protesters watching a debtor in a scuffle with a tax collector by the courthouse at Springfield, Massachusetts. The insurrection was a tax-related rebellion.
5293:
445:
When the Revolutionary War ended in 1783, Massachusetts merchants' European business partners refused to extend lines of credit to them and insisted that they pay for goods with
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463:... The great men are going to get all we have and I think it is time for us to rise and put a stop to it, and have no more courts, nor sheriffs, nor collectors nor lawyers.
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The insurgents were organized into three major groups and intended to surround and attack the armory simultaneously. Shays had one group east of Springfield near
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The military powers enshrined in the constitution were soon put to use by President George Washington. After the passage by the United States Congress of the
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David Szatmary argues that debate in some states was affected, particularly in Massachusetts, where the rebellion had a polarizing effect. Richards records
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explicitly tied anti-Federalist opinion to the rebel cause, calling opponents of the new constitution "Shaysites" and the Federalists "Washingtonians".
1042:, depicted in this 1861 portrait, opposed the Constitution as drafted, although his reasons for doing so were not strongly influenced by the rebellion.
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442:, driven by the activities of wholesale merchants dealing with Europe and the West Indies. The state government was dominated by this merchant class.
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in an unsuccessful attempt to seize its weaponry and overthrow the government. The federal government, severely limited in its prerogatives under the
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observed that the uprising in Massachusetts clearly influenced local leaders who had previously opposed a strong federal government. Historian
835:. They raided the shops of local merchants for supplies along the way and took some of the merchants hostage. Lincoln pursued them and reached
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5834:
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498:, in 1782, who organized residents to physically prevent tax collectors from doing their work. A second, larger-scale protest took place in
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999:, although most scholars agree that it played some role, at least temporarily drawing some anti-Federalists to the strong government side.
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1450:
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opposing them. Historical opinion is divided on what sort of role the rebellion played in the formation and later ratification of the
862:
896:. This came to the attention of Brigadier John Ashley, who mustered a force of around 80 men and caught up with the rebels in nearby
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4426:
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3900:
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3262:
3197:
1228:
394:
938:
from New York's claims to the territory. It became an unexpected beneficiary of the rebellion by sheltering the rebel ringleaders.
1007:
that several prominent figures had hoped that the convention would fail, requiring a larger-scale convention, and French diplomat
467:
Veterans had received little pay during the war and faced added difficulty collecting payments owed to them from the State or the
393:. There is continuing debate among scholars as to what extent the rebellion influenced the later drafting and ratification of the
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4453:
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were apparent to many. A vigorous debate was going on throughout the states on the need for a stronger central government, with
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712:
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4506:
3410:
3267:
866:
955:
liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure." In contrast,
1051:
language to the constitution concerning the ability of states to manage domestic violence, and their ability to demand the
41:
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4006:
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5614:
5510:
5080:
4349:
3726:
3691:
1003:
880:
Most of Lincoln's army melted away in late February as enlistments expired, and he commanded only 30 men at a base in
374:
164:
2226:
1062:
Federalists cited the rebellion as an example of the confederation government's weaknesses, while opponents such as
511:, were opposed to the idea since they stood to lose from such measures, and the proposals were repeatedly rejected.
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had been calling for constitutional reform for many years, and he wrote in a letter dated October 31, 1786, to
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832:
736:
claimed that foreigners ("British emissaries") were instigating treason among citizens. Adams helped draw up a
684:
439:
339:
3915:
2911:"To Gen Washington from Gen. Benjamin Lincoln" (a letter extensively covering the events of Shays's Rebellion)
1279:"Creating a Demagogue: The Political Origins of Daniel Shays's Erroneous Legacy in American Political History"
1137:
that runs through Pelham the Daniel Shays Highway. A statue of General Shepard was erected in his hometown of
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5684:
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5555:
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2191:
Peet, Richard (March 1996). "A Sign Taken for History: Daniel Shays' Memorial in Petersham, Massachusetts".
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499:
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1108:. The protests escalated and Washington led federal and state militia to put down what is now known as the
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825:
720:
716:
479:
3021:
354:, who protested against economic and civil rights injustices by the Massachusetts Government were led by
6607:
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5505:
5500:
5375:
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4608:
4501:
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4443:
4265:
4233:
4041:
4026:
3867:
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3337:
3177:
2910:
976:
885:
836:
813:
805:
495:
335:
239:
64:
5929:
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373:, found itself unable to finance troops to put down the rebellion; it was consequently put down by the
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935:
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1046:
The convention that met in Philadelphia then was dominated by strong-government advocates. Delegate
1023:
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5888:
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4125:
3818:
3736:
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3681:
3606:
3581:
3449:
3257:
3076:
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1167:
765:, and by mid-January rebel leaders spoke of smashing the "tyrannical government of Massachusetts".
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suppliers in local market towns who would be paid when times were better. In contrast, there was a
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366:
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2351:
983:
At the time of the rebellion, the weaknesses of the federal government as constituted under the
527:
2286:
Feer, Robert (September 1969). "Shays's Rebellion and the Constitution: A Study in Causation".
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during 1786 and 1787. Historically, scholars have argued that the four thousand rebels, called
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2408:
2398:
2381:
2367:
2355:
2332:
2322:
2267:
1471:
1357:
1332:
1299:
1224:
1182:
1130:
1109:
956:
915:
848:
435:
2421:
6553:
6168:
6137:
5899:
5565:
5445:
5410:
5308:
5223:
5218:
5129:
4709:
4147:
4110:
4036:
3994:
3890:
3850:
3651:
3646:
3282:
3182:
3051:
3031:
2728:
2295:
2200:
1904:
1291:
1216:
1172:
1047:
992:
951:
931:
789:
777:
386:
382:
218:
6412:
6393:
6387:
6318:
6043:
5882:
5633:
5570:
5525:
5425:
5124:
4431:
4364:
4260:
4221:
4105:
4048:
3920:
3823:
3721:
3641:
3636:
3212:
2996:
2986:
1262:
749:
Adams proposed a new legal distinction that rebellion in a republic should be punished by
701:
413:
refused to crack down on tax delinquencies and accepted devalued paper currency for debts.
378:
213:
3586:
2823:
2617:
2586:
Gross, Robert A. "A Yankee Rebellion? The Regulators, New England, and the New Nation,"
2371:
2257:
1093:
about the vagueness of some of the powers granted in the constitution and its lack of a
696:, on September 26, and Shays organized an attempt to shut it down in Northampton, while
6624:
6290:
6058:
5939:
5822:
5313:
4381:
4359:
4337:
4315:
4310:
3835:
3766:
3696:
3405:
3056:
3046:
2991:
2819:
2698:
2527:
2505:
2345:
2204:
1895:
Lion G. Miles (June 1996). "Anna Bingham: From the Red Lion Inn to the Supreme Court".
1278:
1063:
1039:
431:
46:
An illustration of Shays's troops repulsed from the armory in Springfield in early 1787
2760:
405:
6701:
6654:
6630:
6537:
6532:
6162:
6107:
6049:
5848:
4523:
4300:
3425:
2440:
2316:
1311:
960:
870:
781:
742:
531:
Militia general William Shepard defended the Springfield Armory against rebel action.
508:
483:
446:
208:
202:
197:
159:
17:
2745:
Artful and Designing Men: The Trials of Job Shattuck and the Regulation of 1786–1787
2722:
1011:
thought that the convention was intentionally broken off early to achieve this end.
6418:
6272:
6244:
6212:
6096:
5976:
5873:
5867:
4676:
4512:
4448:
4130:
3989:
3237:
1134:
1105:
923:
893:
874:
733:
491:
450:
410:
359:
244:
229:
417:
2875:
1326:
6145:
4404:
4332:
4248:
4068:
3793:
3252:
3227:
3217:
3147:
1446:
The Background of Shays's Rebellion: A Study of Massachusetts History, 1780–1787
1101:
1052:
426:
343:
3441:
2844:
549:
of North Carolina, which sought to reform corrupt practices in the late 1760s.
6354:
4491:
4399:
4327:
4305:
4238:
4011:
3242:
3081:
3066:
1019:
798:
728:
516:
2833:
2802:
2712:
2671:
2412:
2385:
2359:
1303:
884:
by the end of the month. In the meantime, around 120 rebels had regrouped in
6330:
6090:
4157:
3776:
3626:
3137:
3026:
2644:
2547:
2475:
2336:
2271:
821:
2865:
2771:
2736:
2654:
The Radical Reader: A Documentary History of the American Radical Tradition
2689:
2431:
1220:
852:
This monument marks the location of the final Shays's Rebellion battle in
6524:
6501:
6379:
6000:
4533:
4471:
4243:
4162:
3420:
3307:
3277:
3001:
2492:
1015:
737:
697:
234:
2591:
486:
instituted a heavy tax burden and stepped up a collection of back taxes.
2212:
1244:
2307:
1916:
519:
observed that these levies were "heavier than the People could bear".
6404:
1133:
trailhead. Pelham memorialized Daniel Shays by naming the portion of
746:
so the authorities could legally keep people in jail without trial.
2571:
An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States
2299:
1908:
1295:
6477:
2579:
Goldscheider, Tom. "Shays' Rebellion: Reclaiming the Revolution."
1034:
970:
847:
772:
526:
478:
416:
404:
1027:
organized by the protestors before the rebellion became violent.
6589:
6179:
6082:
5818:
2779:
Wier, Robert (2007). "Shays' Rebellion". In Wier, Robert (ed.).
888:, and they crossed the border on February 27, marching first on
5791:
5273:
5035:
4697:
3501:
3445:
2947:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
2920:
96:
Reform of state government, later overthrow of state government
2852:(The rebellion is the central story of this children's novel.)
808:. Luke Day had a second force across the Connecticut River in
700:
organized an attempt in Springfield. They were anticipated by
2838:(Fictional depiction of the rebellion, as social commentary.)
6682:
List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America
2828:. New York, Boston, and Chicago: Silver, Burdett & Co.
2599:
In Debt to Shays: The Bicentennial of an Agrarian Rebellion
381:, alongside a privately funded local militia led by former
127:
Weak federal reaction helps spur Constitutional Convention
110:
Attempted seizure of federal arsenal at Springfield Armory
2458:
Shays's Rebellion: The American Revolution's Final Battle
1354:
Shays's Rebellion: The American Revolution's Final Battle
711:
Protests were also successful in shutting down courts in
2652:
McCarthy, Timothy Patrick; McMillan, John, eds. (2011).
2507:
Shays' Rebellion: The Making of an Agrarian Insurrection
1104:, protest against the taxes it imposed began in western
708:, which was rumored to be the target of the protestors.
2393:
Manuel, Frank Edward; Manuel, Fritzie Prigohzy (2004).
1647:
1645:
2825:
The Duke of Stockbridge: A Romance of Shays' Rebellion
2423:
The Federalist Party in Massachusetts to the Year 1800
1163:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
2842:
Collier, James Lincoln; Collier, Christopher (1978).
1079:
Leonard Richards counters that publications like the
2259:
Supplement to the Acts and Resolves of Massachusetts
490:
One early protest against the government was led by
434:
in the more economically developed coastal areas of
6674:
6617:
6588:
6552:
6523:
6500:
6476:
6403:
6378:
6353:
6344:
6300:
6271:
6211:
6178:
6136:
6106:
6081:
6072:
6030:
5999:
5975:
5938:
5898:
5847:
5833:
5713:
5657:
5621:
5609:
5348:
5322:
5284:
4559:
4462:
4390:
4291:
4202:
4084:
3965:
3881:
3804:
3752:
3672:
3537:
3512:
3358:
3120:
2959:
2893:(The rebellion plays a central role in this novel.)
280:
255:
185:
134:
117:
100:
92:
72:
59:
51:
34:
27:
Armed uprising in western Massachusetts (1786–1787)
2874:
2843:
2759:
2504:
2460:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1356:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1277:
1215:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
869:who reportedly promised assistance in the form of
692:persons". The court was scheduled to meet next in
2193:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
2397:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
425:Prior to the 19th century, the economy of rural
2676:(Reprints a petition to the state legislature.)
2227:"Shays' Rebellion – Object: Petersham Monument"
365:In 1787, the protesters marched on the federal
79:Economic conflict between farmers and merchants
2485:West Springfield Massachusetts: A Town History
927:securities as those payments fell in arrears.
918:area, where he died poor and obscure in 1825.
5803:
3742:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution
3457:
2932:
2724:New England Conscience: With Typical Examples
2700:History of the Insurrections in Massachusetts
2441:"John Hancock's Big Toe and the Constitution"
2426:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
8:
4666:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
967:Influence upon the Constitutional Convention
2684:. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press.
2487:. Springfield, MA: F. A. Bassette Company.
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
6793:History of Worcester County, Massachusetts
6788:History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts
6783:History of Hampshire County, Massachusetts
6768:History of Berkshire County, Massachusetts
6718:18th century in Springfield, Massachusetts
6350:
6078:
5844:
5810:
5796:
5788:
5281:
5270:
5032:
4694:
3509:
3498:
3464:
3450:
3442:
3396:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
3381:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
2939:
2925:
2917:
2639:. Westfield, MA: Westfield State College.
2395:James Bowdoin and the Patriot Philosophers
1245:"Shays' Rebellion [ushistory.org]"
40:
31:
6687:Mass racial violence in the United States
4190:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1946:
1944:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1470:. Columbia University Press. p. 26.
1429:
1427:
6778:History of Hampden County, Massachusetts
6773:History of Bristol County, Massachusetts
2703:. Worcester, MA: Isaiah Thomas. p.
562:
4345:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
2529:A People's History of the United States
1194:
1053:return of individuals from other states
2747:. Mustang, OK: Tate Publishing, 2013.
2350:. Springfield, MA: S. Bowles. p.
975:The 1787 Constitutional Convention by
2511:. University of Massachusetts Press.
2373:American Statesmen: George Washington
2108:(4th ed.). Washington: CQ Press.
1276:Zug, Charles U. (September 1, 2021).
7:
6758:Events in Springfield, Massachusetts
3376:Timeline of U.S. military operations
2318:Give Me Liberty! An American History
6833:Tax resistance in the United States
6798:History of Worcester, Massachusetts
5826:in the history of the United States
2581:Historical Journal of Massachusetts
1178:Tax resistance in the United States
590:
576:
6649:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
4032:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
4022:Assassination of James A. Garfield
2907:(George Washington's Mount Vernon)
2637:Shays's Rebellion: Selected Essays
2205:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1996.tb01744.x
82:Aggressive tax and debt collection
25:
6637:Washington D.C. Know-Nothing Riot
4064:Assassination of William McKinley
3133:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
2881:(Reprint ed.). Forge Books.
660:
646:
618:
107:Direct action to close courthouse
85:Political corruption and cronyism
6369:San Francisco Vigilance Movement
6239:Destruction of Pennsylvania Hall
6152:New York anti-abolitionist riots
6038:Protestant Revolution (Maryland)
5771:
5762:
5761:
5726:
5725:
4283:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
4076:Nadir of American race relations
3955:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
2727:. Boston: R. G. Badger. p.
2601:. University Press of Virginia.
2439:North, Gary (February 9, 2004).
2347:History of Western Massachusetts
2344:Holland, Josiah Gilbert (1855).
659:
645:
631:
617:
603:
589:
575:
561:
554:
207:
196:
158:
147:
6838:West Springfield, Massachusetts
6823:Rebellions in the United States
6763:Great Barrington, Massachusetts
6486:Bath anti-Catholic riot of 1854
3985:First transcontinental railroad
2697:Minot, George Richards (1788).
2104:Milkis, S.; Nelson, M. (2003).
1451:University of Wisconsin–Madison
1328:Demagogues in American Politics
1031:Influence upon the Constitution
632:
604:
55:August 29, 1786 – February 1787
3411:List of anti-war organizations
2721:Munroe, James Phinney (1915).
2597:Gross, Robert A., ed. (1993).
2262:. Boston: Geo. Ellis. p.
865:, the British governor of the
1:
6643:New Orleans Know-Nothing Riot
5914:New York Slave Revolt of 1712
3323:War against the Islamic State
2758:Starkey, Marion Lena (1955).
2635:Kaufman, Martin, ed. (1987).
2616:Hale, Edward Everett (1891).
2590:(2009) 82#1 pp. 112–135
2376:. Houghton, Mifflin. p.
2256:Bacon, Edwin M., ed. (1896).
1732:Szatmary, pp. 86–89, 104
1211:Richards, Leonard L. (2002).
816:was situated to the north at
469:Congress of the Confederation
6281:1824 Hard Scrabble race riot
6257:Muncy Abolition riot of 1842
6009:Gloucester County Conspiracy
5153:Hispanic and Latino American
4007:Second Industrial Revolution
3841:Nat Turner's slave rebellion
3547:Exploration of North America
3473:History of the United States
2860:. New York: The Dial Press.
2562:Additional scholarly sources
2456:Richards, Leonard L (2002).
930:Vermont was an unrecognized
740:and a resolution suspending
723:, in September and October.
271:4,000+ (largest force 1,500)
266:4,000+ (largest force 3,000)
6262:Philadelphia nativist riots
5991:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
5919:New York Conspiracy of 1741
4677:Indictments of Donald Trump
3868:First Industrial Revolution
3702:Declaration of Independence
3692:Second Continental Congress
2856:Degenhard, William (1943).
2532:. New York: HarperCollins.
1443:Hahn, John Willard (1946).
1331:. Oxford University Press.
1129:, across the road from the
1070:Influence upon ratification
375:Massachusetts State Militia
165:Massachusetts State Militia
6854:
6803:Northampton, Massachusetts
6510:Know-Nothing Riots of 1856
6461:Marais des Cygnes massacre
6455:Battles of Franklin's Fort
6308:1811 German Coast uprising
5985:Philadelphia Election riot
4569:Killing of Osama bin Laden
3657:First Continental Congress
3313:War in North-West Pakistan
3163:Second Sumatran expedition
3128:American Revolutionary War
2785:Greenwood Publishing Group
2680:Middleton, Lamar (1968) .
2619:The Story of Massachusetts
1464:Mitchell, Broadus (1957).
1352:Richards, Leonard (2003).
1284:American Political Thought
1004:met in Annapolis, Maryland
997:United States Constitution
991:arguing for the idea, and
947:Impact on the Constitution
890:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
780:depicted in a portrait by
694:Springfield, Massachusetts
538:Northampton, Massachusetts
6579:New York City draft riots
6562:New York City Police riot
6544:Detroit race riot of 1863
5747:
5280:
5269:
5042:
5031:
4704:
4693:
4153:Wall Street Crash of 1929
3950:Emancipation Proclamation
3719:Articles of Confederation
3557:Native American epidemics
3508:
3497:
3479:
3158:First Sumatran expedition
2952:
2483:Swift, Esther M. (1969).
2321:. New York: W.W. Norton.
2288:The New England Quarterly
1897:The New England Quarterly
985:Articles of Confederation
391:Constitutional Convention
371:Articles of Confederation
334:was an armed uprising in
285:
260:
190:
139:
39:
6818:Petersham, Massachusetts
6603:Cincinnati riots of 1855
6286:1831 Snow Town race riot
6203:Cincinnati riots of 1841
6198:Cincinnati riots of 1836
6193:Cincinnati riots of 1829
5639:Northern Mariana Islands
4212:Strike wave of 1945–1946
3112:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
3072:Battle of Blair Mountain
2873:Martin, William (2007).
1325:Zug, Charles U. (2022).
1146:Petersham, Massachusetts
854:Sheffield, Massachusetts
833:Petersham, Massachusetts
778:General Benjamin Lincoln
732:dignity of government".
685:Worcester, Massachusetts
523:Shutting down the courts
440:Connecticut River Valley
6738:Chicopee, Massachusetts
6723:18th-century rebellions
6598:Cincinnati riot of 1853
5174:Middle Eastern American
4991:Technology and industry
3861:Seneca Falls Convention
3662:Continental Association
3562:Settlement of Jamestown
3371:Wars involving the U.S.
3208:Philippine–American War
3092:1960s ghetto rebellions
2656:. New York: New Press.
2569:Beard, Charles (1935).
2231:shaysrebellion.stcc.edu
2106:The American Presidency
1533:Szatmary, pp. 38–42, 45
500:Uxbridge, Massachusetts
6828:Taunton, Massachusetts
6743:Concord, Massachusetts
6733:Amherst, Massachusetts
6515:Baltimore riot of 1861
6313:Nat Turner's Rebellion
6233:Philadelphia race riot
6122:Abolition Riot of 1836
6116:Ursuline Convent riots
5294:Admission to the Union
4660:Afghanistan withdrawal
4655:January 6 insurrection
4574:Rise in mass shootings
4546:Virginia Tech shooting
4099:Paris Peace Conference
3873:Second Great Awakening
3612:American Enlightenment
3416:Conscientious objector
3318:First Libyan Civil War
3188:Second Fiji expedition
3168:Ivory Coast expedition
3102:1992 Los Angeles riots
3062:Colorado Coalfield War
2954:Listed chronologically
2573:. New York: Macmillan.
1467:Heritage from Hamilton
1043:
980:
934:that had been seeking
857:
826:Amherst, Massachusetts
812:. A third force under
784:
721:Taunton, Massachusetts
532:
487:
484:Governor James Bowdoin
465:
422:
414:
6813:Pelham, Massachusetts
6808:Palmer, Massachusetts
6713:1787 in Massachusetts
6708:1786 in Massachusetts
6608:Battle of Fort Fizzle
6538:Detroit brothel riots
6431:Pottawatomie massacre
5960:War of the Regulation
5924:Battle of Golden Hill
5286:Territorial evolution
4650:George Floyd Protests
4633:Unite the Right rally
4502:Oklahoma City bombing
4497:Republican Revolution
4444:Space Shuttle program
4266:Civil Rights Movement
4234:North Atlantic Treaty
4042:Sherman Antitrust Act
4027:Chinese Exclusion Act
3617:French and Indian War
3607:Prelude to Revolution
3592:First Great Awakening
3552:European colonization
3386:Territorial evolution
3366:Conflicts in the U.S.
3288:Intervention in Haiti
3178:First Fiji expedition
2877:The Lost Constitution
2781:Class in America: Q–Z
2588:New England Quarterly
2583:43.1 (2015) pp.62–93.
2526:Zinn, Howard (2005).
2420:Morse, Anson (1909).
2181:Richards, pp. 117–118
2172:Richards, pp. 135–136
2163:Richards, pp. 141–143
2154:Szatmary, pp. 128–132
1831:Richards, pp. 31, 120
1813:Szatmary, pp. 103–104
1221:10.9783/9780812203196
1038:
977:Junius Brutus Stearns
974:
936:independent statehood
886:New Lebanon, New York
851:
837:Pelham, Massachusetts
776:
545:, a reference to the
530:
496:Groton, Massachusetts
482:
456:
420:
408:
336:Western Massachusetts
317:2 executed by hanging
281:Casualties and losses
65:Western Massachusetts
18:Shay's Rebellion
6661:Southern bread riots
6574:Buffalo riot of 1862
6449:Battle of Osawatomie
6443:Battle of Fort Titus
6437:Battle of Black Jack
6188:1792 Cincinnati riot
6021:Chesapeake rebellion
5948:Culpeper's Rebellion
5200:Palestinian American
4627:Obergefell v. Hodges
4519:September 11 attacks
4355:Second-wave feminism
4276:Cuban Missile Crisis
4136:Bath School disaster
4054:Spanish–American War
4017:The Gospel of Wealth
3896:California Gold Rush
3856:Mexican–American War
3846:Nullification crisis
3814:Era of Good Feelings
3714:Confederation period
3622:Proclamation of 1763
3572:Atlantic slave trade
3248:Bay of Pigs Invasion
3203:Spanish–American War
3173:Mexican–American War
3097:Kent State shootings
3087:Puerto Rican revolts
3017:American Indian Wars
2812:Fictional treatments
2315:Foner, Eric (2006).
1651:Holland, pp. 245–247
1082:Pennsylvania Gazette
1009:Louis-Guillaume Otto
932:independent republic
675:class=notpageimage|
6467:Battle of the Spurs
6425:Sacking of Lawrence
6325:Baltimore bank riot
6251:Lombard Street riot
5908:Leisler's Rebellion
5649:U.S. Virgin Islands
5135:Lithuanian American
5091:Vietnamese American
4437:End of the Cold War
4427:Invasion of Grenada
4377:Iran hostage crisis
4126:Tulsa race massacre
3933:Election of Lincoln
3928:Dred Scott decision
3916:Kansas–Nebraska Act
3819:Missouri Compromise
3737:Northwest Ordinance
3727:Pennsylvania Mutiny
3722:and Perpetual Union
3682:American Revolution
3597:War of Jenkins' Ear
3263:Invasion of Grenada
3258:Dominican Civil War
2913:(National Archives)
2850:. Four Winds Press.
2766:. New York: Knopf.
1968:Richards, pp. 38–39
1938:Richards, pp. 38–41
1750:Richards, pp. 27–28
1741:Szatmary, pp. 98–99
1723:Szatmary, pp. 84–86
1696:Szatmary, pp. 92–93
1639:Richards, pp. 84–87
1630:Szatmary, pp. 78–79
1612:Szatmary, pp. 79–80
1551:Richards, pp. 87–88
1421:Szatmary, pp. 29–34
1403:Szatmary, pp. 25–31
1385:Szatmary, pp. 10–15
1168:Newburgh Conspiracy
438:and in the fertile
6158:Flour riot of 1837
5966:Battle of Alamance
5930:1788 doctors' riot
5857:1689 Boston revolt
5299:Historical regions
5255:Transgender people
4813:Capital punishment
4672:Support of Ukraine
4621:Black Lives Matter
4529:War in Afghanistan
4454:Invasion of Panama
4410:Iran–Contra affair
4271:Early–mid Cold War
4141:Harlem Renaissance
4000:Compromise of 1877
3975:Reconstruction era
3911:Fugitive Slave Act
3906:Compromise of 1850
3851:Westward expansion
3789:Louisiana Purchase
3632:Stamp Act Congress
3577:King William's War
3303:War in Afghanistan
3273:Invasion of Panama
3268:Lebanese Civil War
3193:Formosa Expedition
3153:Second Barbary War
3107:2020 racial unrest
3042:Johnson County War
3037:Lincoln County War
3012:American Civil War
3007:Harpers Ferry raid
2982:Turner's Rebellion
2762:A Little Rebellion
2624:D. Lothrop Company
2501:Szatmary, David P.
2368:Lodge, Henry Cabot
1376:Szatmary, pp. 1–10
1263:"Shays' Rebellion"
1044:
981:
940:Alexander Hamilton
867:Province of Quebec
858:
785:
706:Springfield Armory
547:Regulator movement
533:
488:
423:
415:
409:Populist Governor
367:Springfield Armory
6753:Conflicts in 1787
6748:Conflicts in 1786
6728:Agrarian politics
6695:
6694:
6670:
6669:
6568:Dead Rabbits riot
6533:1849 Detroit riot
6491:Portland Rum Riot
6340:
6339:
6227:Fries's Rebellion
6221:Whiskey Rebellion
6127:Broad Street Riot
6068:
6067:
6015:Bacon's Rebellion
5862:Boston bread riot
5785:
5784:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5304:American frontier
5265:
5264:
5195:Lebanese American
5180:Egyptian American
5115:Estonian American
5105:Albanian American
5099:European American
5076:Japanese American
5066:Filipino American
5027:
5026:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4638:COVID-19 pandemic
4541:Hurricane Katrina
4482:Los Angeles riots
4372:Watergate scandal
4217:Start of Cold War
4185:Manhattan Project
3772:Whiskey Rebellion
3602:King George's War
3567:Thirteen Colonies
3528:Pre-Columbian Era
3439:
3438:
3401:Casualties of war
3233:Russian Civil War
3198:Korean Expedition
3143:First Barbary War
3022:Brooks–Baxter War
2977:Fries's Rebellion
2972:Whiskey Rebellion
2905:Shays's Rebellion
2794:978-0-313-34245-5
2753:978-1-62746-575-5
2663:978-1-59558-742-8
2608:978-0-8139-1354-4
2539:978-0-06-083865-2
2518:978-0-87023-419-4
2467:978-0-8122-1870-1
2443:. LewRockwell.com
2404:978-0-87169-247-4
2328:978-0-393-92782-5
2040:Feer, pp. 391–392
1569:Richards, pp. 6–9
1363:978-0-8122-1870-1
1338:978-0-19-765194-0
1249:www.ushistory.org
1213:Shays's Rebellion
1183:Whiskey Rebellion
1158:Fries's Rebellion
1131:Appalachian Trail
1110:Whiskey Rebellion
957:George Washington
916:Conesus, New York
436:Massachusetts Bay
356:Revolutionary War
342:in response to a
332:Shays's Rebellion
329:
328:
325:
324:
276:
275:
181:
180:
124:Rebellion crushed
35:Shays's Rebellion
16:(Redirected from
6845:
6351:
6169:Astor Place Riot
6079:
5954:Cary's Rebellion
5889:Shays' Rebellion
5845:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5789:
5775:
5765:
5764:
5729:
5728:
5658:Outlying islands
5615:Washington, D.C.
5610:Federal District
5309:Manifest destiny
5282:
5271:
5213:Native Americans
5185:Iranian American
5159:Mexican American
5145:Serbian American
5130:Italian American
5120:Finnish American
5110:English American
5061:Chinese American
5048:African American
5033:
4838:Direct democracy
4828:The Constitution
4787:Higher education
4710:American Century
4695:
4148:Great Depression
4121:Women's suffrage
4111:Roaring Twenties
4037:Haymarket affair
3995:Enforcement Acts
3784:Jeffersonian era
3732:Shays' Rebellion
3652:Intolerable Acts
3647:Boston Tea Party
3582:Queen Anne's War
3510:
3499:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3443:
3391:Military history
3350:Yemeni civil war
3283:Somali Civil War
3183:Second Opium War
3052:Homestead strike
2967:Shays' Rebellion
2941:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2892:
2880:
2869:
2851:
2849:
2837:
2806:
2783:. Westport, CT:
2775:
2765:
2743:Shattuck, Gary,
2740:
2716:
2693:
2675:
2648:
2631:
2612:
2574:
2551:
2522:
2510:
2496:
2479:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2435:
2416:
2389:
2363:
2340:
2311:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2145:Richards, p. 139
2143:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:Szatmary, p. 133
2125:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2094:Szatmary, p. 130
2092:
2086:
2085:Richards, p. 134
2083:
2077:
2076:Richards, p. 132
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2058:Szatmary, p. 127
2056:
2050:
2049:Szatmary, p. 123
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2031:Szatmary, p. 122
2029:
2023:
2022:Szatmary, p. 120
2020:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1986:Richards, p. 122
1984:
1978:
1977:Richards, p. 119
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1959:Richards, p. 117
1957:
1951:
1948:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1840:Szatmary, p. 108
1838:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1822:Szatmary, p. 105
1820:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1804:Szatmary, p. 103
1802:
1796:
1795:Szatmary, p. 102
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1777:Szatmary, p. 101
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1640:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1265:. June 20, 2023.
1259:
1253:
1252:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1173:Paper Money Riot
1048:Oliver Ellsworth
993:Anti-Federalists
952:Thomas Jefferson
894:Bingham's Tavern
873:warriors led by
810:West Springfield
790:Benjamin Lincoln
713:Great Barrington
663:
662:
649:
648:
635:
634:
621:
620:
607:
606:
593:
592:
579:
578:
569:Great Barrington
565:
564:
558:
462:
387:Benjamin Lincoln
383:Continental Army
287:
286:
262:
261:
219:Benjamin Lincoln
211:
200:
162:
153:
151:
150:
141:
140:
44:
32:
21:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6666:
6613:
6584:
6548:
6519:
6496:
6472:
6413:Bleeding Kansas
6399:
6394:Charleston riot
6388:Lager Beer Riot
6374:
6363:Squatters' riot
6336:
6319:Blackburn Riots
6296:
6267:
6207:
6174:
6132:
6102:
6064:
6044:Stono Rebellion
6026:
5995:
5971:
5934:
5894:
5883:Boston Massacre
5838:
5829:
5816:
5786:
5781:
5735:
5709:
5653:
5617:
5605:
5344:
5318:
5276:
5261:
5167:Jewish American
5140:Polish American
5081:Korean American
5071:Indian American
5038:
5023:
4878:Merchant Marine
4848:Law enforcement
4700:
4681:
4555:
4551:Great Recession
4458:
4432:Reagan Doctrine
4386:
4365:Stonewall riots
4287:
4261:Project Mercury
4222:Truman Doctrine
4198:
4106:First Red Scare
4080:
4049:Progressive Era
3961:
3921:Bleeding Kansas
3877:
3824:Monroe Doctrine
3800:
3748:
3707:Treaty of Paris
3668:
3642:Boston Massacre
3637:Sons of Liberty
3533:
3504:
3493:
3475:
3470:
3440:
3435:
3354:
3213:Boxer Rebellion
3116:
2997:Bleeding Kansas
2955:
2948:
2945:
2901:
2896:
2889:
2872:
2855:
2846:The Winter Hero
2841:
2820:Bellamy, Edward
2818:
2809:
2795:
2778:
2757:
2720:
2696:
2679:
2664:
2651:
2634:
2615:
2609:
2596:
2568:
2559:
2557:Further reading
2554:
2540:
2525:
2519:
2499:
2482:
2468:
2455:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2419:
2405:
2392:
2366:
2343:
2329:
2314:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:Richards, p. 36
1928:
1924:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:Richards, p. 35
1875:
1871:
1867:Richards, p. 33
1866:
1862:
1858:Richards, p. 32
1857:
1853:
1849:Richards, p. 34
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:Richards, p. 29
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:Richards, p. 28
1767:
1763:
1759:Holland, p. 261
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:Szatmary, p. 97
1713:
1709:
1705:Szatmary, p. 94
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:Szatmary, p. 92
1686:
1682:
1678:Szatmary, p. 84
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:Holland, p. 247
1659:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:Szatmary, p. 80
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:Szatmary, p. 56
1602:
1598:
1593:
1582:
1578:Szatmary, p. 38
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:Richards, p. 88
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:Bacon, p. 1:148
1523:
1519:
1515:Szatmary, p. 43
1514:
1510:
1505:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:Richards, p. 85
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:Szatmary, p. 32
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1154:
1144:In the town of
1118:
1090:Henry Jackson's
1072:
1033:
1014:In early 1787,
969:
949:
907:
863:Lord Dorchester
846:
771:
702:William Shepard
681:
680:
679:
677:
671:
670:
669:
668:
664:
656:
655:
654:
650:
642:
641:
640:
636:
628:
627:
626:
622:
614:
613:
612:
608:
600:
599:
598:
594:
586:
585:
584:
580:
572:
571:
570:
566:
525:
477:
475:Early rumblings
460:
403:
379:William Shepard
321:
320:
301:
300:
272:
267:
251:
250:
249:
224:
223:
214:William Shepard
177:
172:
169:Private militia
148:
146:
130:
113:
88:
68:
67:, United States
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6851:
6849:
6841:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6700:
6699:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6658:
6652:
6646:
6640:
6634:
6628:
6625:Erie Gauge War
6621:
6619:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6605:
6600:
6594:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6576:
6571:
6565:
6558:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6535:
6529:
6527:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6512:
6506:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6488:
6482:
6480:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6464:
6458:
6452:
6446:
6440:
6434:
6428:
6422:
6416:
6409:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6391:
6384:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6366:
6359:
6357:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6328:
6322:
6316:
6310:
6304:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6291:Dorr Rebellion
6288:
6283:
6277:
6275:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6259:
6254:
6248:
6242:
6236:
6230:
6224:
6217:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6184:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6166:
6160:
6155:
6149:
6142:
6140:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6124:
6119:
6112:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6094:
6087:
6085:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6059:Pine Tree Riot
6056:
6047:
6041:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6018:
6012:
6005:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5981:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5963:
5957:
5951:
5944:
5942:
5940:North Carolina
5936:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5904:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5886:
5880:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5853:
5851:
5842:
5831:
5830:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5792:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5769:
5759:
5757:Historiography
5754:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5723:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5695:Navassa Island
5692:
5687:
5682:
5680:Johnston Atoll
5677:
5672:
5670:Howland Island
5667:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5629:American Samoa
5625:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5551:South Carolina
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5516:North Carolina
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5340:The West Coast
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5314:Indian removal
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5235:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5205:Saudi American
5202:
5197:
5192:
5190:Iraqi American
5187:
5182:
5170:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5125:Irish American
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5055:Asian American
5051:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4983:Sexual slavery
4973:
4966:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4853:Postal service
4850:
4845:
4843:Foreign policy
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4798:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4720:
4713:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4698:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4635:
4630:
4623:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4521:
4516:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4419:
4417:Crack epidemic
4414:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4396:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4382:Moral Majority
4379:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4360:Gay liberation
4357:
4352:
4350:Counterculture
4347:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4338:Fall of Saigon
4335:
4330:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4316:Apollo program
4313:
4311:Project Gemini
4303:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4229:Early Cold War
4226:
4225:
4224:
4214:
4208:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4182:
4177:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4090:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3971:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3913:
3908:
3901:Prelude to War
3898:
3893:
3891:Antebellum Era
3887:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3836:Trail of Tears
3831:Jacksonian era
3828:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3810:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3767:Federalist Era
3764:
3762:Bill of Rights
3758:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:Lee Resolution
3694:
3689:
3678:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3514:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:Peace movement
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:Pullman Strike
3054:
3049:
3047:Coal Creek War
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2992:Dorr Rebellion
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2900:
2899:External links
2897:
2895:
2894:
2888:978-0765354464
2887:
2870:
2858:The Regulators
2853:
2839:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2793:
2776:
2755:
2741:
2718:
2694:
2677:
2662:
2649:
2632:
2613:
2607:
2594:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2538:
2523:
2517:
2497:
2480:
2466:
2453:
2436:
2417:
2403:
2390:
2364:
2341:
2327:
2312:
2300:10.2307/363616
2294:(3): 388–410.
2283:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2218:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
2004:Lodge, p. 2:26
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1909:10.2307/366668
1903:(2): 287–299.
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1669:Manuel, p. 219
1662:
1653:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1508:
1490:
1477:978-0598382382
1476:
1456:
1435:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1362:
1344:
1337:
1317:
1296:10.1086/716687
1290:(4): 601–628.
1268:
1254:
1236:
1229:
1203:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1117:
1114:
1095:Bill of Rights
1071:
1068:
1064:Elbridge Gerry
1040:Elbridge Gerry
1032:
1029:
1024:David Szatmary
968:
965:
948:
945:
906:
903:
845:
842:
770:
767:
757:alarmed many.
673:
672:
666:
665:
658:
657:
652:
651:
644:
643:
638:
637:
630:
629:
624:
623:
616:
615:
610:
609:
602:
601:
596:
595:
588:
587:
582:
581:
574:
573:
568:
567:
560:
559:
553:
552:
551:
524:
521:
476:
473:
432:market economy
402:
399:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
312:
311:Dozens wounded
309:
305:
304:
302:
299:
298:
297:Dozens wounded
295:
291:
290:
283:
282:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
268:
265:
258:
257:
253:
252:
248:
247:
242:
237:
232:
226:
225:
222:
221:
216:
205:
193:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
173:
171:
170:
167:
154:United States
144:
137:
136:
132:
131:
129:
128:
125:
121:
119:
115:
114:
112:
111:
108:
104:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
87:
86:
83:
80:
76:
74:
70:
69:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6850:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6673:
6662:
6659:
6656:
6655:Morrisite War
6653:
6650:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6638:
6635:
6632:
6631:Bloody Monday
6629:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6545:
6542:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6522:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6395:
6392:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6332:
6329:
6326:
6323:
6320:
6317:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6163:Anti-Rent War
6161:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6135:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6108:Massachusetts
6105:
6098:
6095:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5931:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5849:Massachusetts
5846:
5843:
5841:
5836:
5832:
5827:
5824:
5820:
5813:
5808:
5806:
5801:
5799:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5768:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5752:List of years
5750:
5749:
5746:
5732:
5724:
5722:
5721:Urban history
5719:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5700:Palmyra Atoll
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5675:Jarvis Island
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:Insular areas
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:West Virginia
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5496:New Hampshire
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5456:Massachusetts
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5272:
5268:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5086:Thai American
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5034:
5030:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4924:Party Systems
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4863:Voting rights
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4696:
4692:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4524:War on terror
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4422:Late Cold War
4420:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4301:Great Society
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4256:Post-war boom
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:War on terror
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1995:Foner, p. 219
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1594:Morse, p. 208
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1457:
1453:. p. 33.
1452:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1230:9780812203196
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1201:Minot, p. 150
1198:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
978:
973:
966:
964:
962:
958:
953:
946:
944:
941:
937:
933:
928:
925:
919:
917:
911:
904:
902:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
855:
850:
843:
841:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
794:
791:
783:
782:Henry Sargent
779:
775:
768:
766:
764:
758:
756:
755:habeas corpus
752:
747:
745:
744:
743:habeas corpus
739:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
689:
686:
676:
557:
550:
548:
544:
539:
529:
522:
520:
518:
512:
510:
509:James Bowdoin
504:
501:
497:
493:
485:
481:
474:
472:
470:
464:
455:
452:
448:
447:hard currency
443:
441:
437:
433:
428:
419:
412:
407:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
316:
314:Many arrested
313:
310:
307:
306:
303:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
284:
279:
269:
264:
263:
259:
254:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
220:
217:
215:
210:
206:
204:
203:James Bowdoin
199:
195:
194:
189:
184:
174:
168:
166:
161:
157:
156:
155:
143:
142:
138:
133:
126:
123:
122:
120:
116:
109:
106:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
84:
81:
78:
77:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6419:Wakarusa War
6273:Rhode Island
6245:Buckshot War
6213:Pennsylvania
6097:Bellevue War
6050:
5977:Pennsylvania
5874:
5868:Knowles Riot
5835:Colonial era
5823:civil unrest
5690:Midway Atoll
5685:Kingman Reef
5665:Baker Island
5644:Puerto Rico
5556:South Dakota
5546:Rhode Island
5541:Pennsylvania
5521:North Dakota
5237:
5230:
5211:
5172:
5165:
5151:
5097:
5053:
5046:
4989:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4922:
4896:Marine Corps
4883:
4876:
4869:
4833:Debt ceiling
4818:Civil Rights
4800:
4793:
4779:
4765:
4751:
4722:
4717:Antisemitism
4715:
4708:
4664:
4625:
4561:2008–present
4513:Bush v. Gore
4511:
4449:War on drugs
4323:Mid Cold War
4175:Pearl Harbor
4170:World War II
3990:Ku Klux Klan
3587:Dummer's War
3526:
3519:
3513:Pre-Colonial
3238:World War II
3032:Hamburg riot
2876:
2857:
2845:
2824:
2780:
2761:
2744:
2723:
2699:
2681:
2653:
2636:
2618:
2598:
2587:
2580:
2570:
2528:
2506:
2484:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2422:
2394:
2372:
2346:
2317:
2291:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2258:
2249:Bibliography
2234:. Retrieved
2230:
2221:
2199:(1): 21–43.
2196:
2192:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2136:Feer, p. 404
2132:
2123:
2118:Feer, p. 395
2114:
2105:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2067:Feer, p. 393
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2013:Feer, p. 396
2009:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1934:
1925:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1481:. Retrieved
1466:
1459:
1445:
1438:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1353:
1347:
1327:
1320:
1287:
1283:
1271:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1143:
1135:US Route 202
1119:
1106:Pennsylvania
1099:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1013:
1001:
982:
950:
929:
924:John Hancock
920:
912:
908:
905:Consequences
879:
875:Joseph Brant
859:
830:
803:
795:
786:
759:
754:
748:
741:
734:Samuel Adams
725:James Warren
710:
690:
682:
542:
534:
513:
505:
492:Job Shattuck
489:
466:
457:
451:John Hancock
444:
424:
411:John Hancock
395:Constitution
364:
360:Daniel Shays
351:
331:
330:
245:Job Shattuck
230:Daniel Shays
186:Lead figures
145:
29:
6627:(1853–1854)
6540:(1855–1859)
6415:(1854–1861)
6371:(1851–1856)
6293:(1841–1842)
6229:(1799–1800)
6223:(1791–1794)
6165:(1839–1845)
6146:Eggnog riot
5962:(1765–1771)
5910:(1689–1691)
5891:(1786–1787)
5864:(1710–1713)
5828:(1607–1865)
5705:Wake Island
5471:Mississippi
5386:Connecticut
5330:New England
4997:Agriculture
4916:Coast Guard
4911:Space Force
4759:Immigration
4487:WTC bombing
4405:Reaganomics
4333:Vietnam War
4249:McCarthyism
4131:Second Klan
4116:Prohibition
4094:World War I
4069:Square Deal
4059:Imperialism
3794:War of 1812
3521:Prehistoric
3293:Bosnian War
3253:Vietnam War
3228:World War I
3218:Banana Wars
3148:War of 1812
2682:Revolt, USA
2447:January 21,
1950:Zinn, p. 95
1506:Zinn, p. 93
1433:Zinn, p. 91
1102:Whiskey Act
1055:for trial.
989:Federalists
814:Eli Parsons
597:Springfield
583:Northampton
427:New England
348:Springfield
344:debt crisis
240:Eli Parsons
118:Resulted in
6702:Categories
6355:California
5586:Washington
5506:New Mexico
5501:New Jersey
5376:California
4871:Journalism
4823:Corruption
4802:Government
4753:Demography
4740:Newspapers
4589:Sandy Hook
4492:Waco siege
4400:Reagan era
4306:Space Race
4239:Korean War
4180:home front
4012:Gilded Age
3980:Amendments
3431:War crimes
3298:Kosovo War
3243:Korean War
3223:Border War
3082:Bonus Army
3077:Tulsa riot
3067:Red Summer
2987:Mormon War
2626:. p.
2622:. Boston:
2277:August 26,
2236:January 8,
1121:Sheffield-
1020:Henry Knox
882:Pittsfield
799:Henry Knox
763:Shrewsbury
729:John Adams
543:Regulators
517:John Adams
507:including
401:Background
176:Regulators
6346:1849–1865
6331:Snow Riot
6091:Honey War
6074:1789–1849
5840:1776–1789
5596:Wisconsin
5561:Tennessee
5466:Minnesota
5441:Louisiana
5335:The South
4906:Air Force
4781:Education
4643:recession
4599:Las Vegas
4507:Columbine
4464:1991–2008
4392:1980–1991
4293:1964–1980
4204:1945–1964
4158:Dust Bowl
4086:1917–1945
3967:1865–1917
3945:Civil War
3938:Secession
3883:1849–1865
3806:1815–1849
3777:Quasi-War
3754:1789–1815
3674:1776–1789
3627:Sugar Act
3138:Quasi-War
3027:Range War
2834:656929797
2803:255745185
2713:225355026
2672:741491899
2413:231993575
2386:123204544
2360:505288328
1483:April 26,
1312:243849281
1304:2161-1580
1139:Westfield
1127:Sheffield
1116:Memorials
961:Henry Lee
898:Sheffield
844:Aftermath
822:grapeshot
769:Rebellion
727:wrote to
667:Sheffield
653:Petersham
625:Worcester
352:Shaysites
340:Worcester
73:Caused by
6554:New York
6525:Michigan
6502:Maryland
6380:Illinois
6138:New York
6001:Virginia
5900:New York
5767:Category
5581:Virginia
5531:Oklahoma
5511:New York
5486:Nebraska
5476:Missouri
5461:Michigan
5451:Maryland
5436:Kentucky
5416:Illinois
5391:Delaware
5381:Colorado
5371:Arkansas
5250:Lesbians
5224:Comanche
5219:Cherokee
5012:Medicine
4970:Genocide
4963:Religion
4885:Military
4858:Taxation
4808:Abortion
4724:Cultural
4604:Parkland
4534:Iraq War
4472:Gulf War
4244:Ivy Mike
4163:New Deal
3539:Colonial
3484:Timeline
3421:Cold War
3338:Cameroon
3308:Iraq War
3278:Gulf War
3002:Utah War
2960:Domestic
2822:(1900).
2645:15339286
2592:in JSTOR
2548:61265580
2503:(1980).
2476:56029217
2370:(1889).
2337:61479662
2272:14050329
1542:G. North
1152:See also
1125:Road in
1123:Egremont
1016:John Jay
818:Chicopee
738:Riot Act
698:Luke Day
385:officer
358:veteran
308:6 killed
294:3 killed
235:Luke Day
60:Location
6675:Related
5875:Liberty
5601:Wyoming
5576:Vermont
5481:Montana
5421:Indiana
5401:Georgia
5396:Florida
5366:Arizona
5356:Alabama
5323:Regions
5245:Gay men
5017:Railway
4977:Slavery
4773:Banking
4767:Economy
4609:El Paso
4594:Orlando
4328:Détente
3489:Outline
3359:Related
3121:Foreign
2866:1663869
2772:1513271
2737:1113783
2213:2563945
717:Concord
639:Taunton
611:Concord
135:Parties
101:Methods
6663:(1863)
6657:(1862)
6651:(1859)
6645:(1858)
6639:(1857)
6633:(1855)
6618:Others
6610:(1863)
6581:(1863)
6570:(1857)
6564:(1857)
6493:(1855)
6469:(1859)
6463:(1856)
6457:(1856)
6451:(1856)
6445:(1856)
6439:(1856)
6433:(1856)
6427:(1856)
6421:(1855)
6405:Kansas
6396:(1864)
6390:(1855)
6365:(1850)
6333:(1835)
6327:(1835)
6321:(1833)
6315:(1831)
6301:Others
6264:(1844)
6253:(1842)
6247:(1838)
6241:(1838)
6235:(1834)
6171:(1849)
6154:(1834)
6148:(1826)
6129:(1837)
6118:(1834)
6099:(1840)
6093:(1839)
6061:(1772)
6055:(1772)
6053:affair
6051:Gaspee
6046:(1739)
6040:(1689)
6031:Others
6023:(1730)
6017:(1677)
6011:(1663)
5987:(1742)
5968:(1771)
5956:(1711)
5950:(1677)
5926:(1770)
5885:(1770)
5879:(1768)
5877:affair
5870:(1747)
5777:Portal
5731:Cities
5714:Cities
5536:Oregon
5491:Nevada
5431:Kansas
5406:Hawaii
5361:Alaska
5349:States
5275:Places
5037:Groups
5007:Lumber
4945:Fourth
4935:Second
4745:Sports
4730:Cinema
4699:Topics
4614:Uvalde
4584:Aurora
4579:Tucson
3503:Events
2885:
2864:
2832:
2801:
2791:
2770:
2751:
2735:
2711:
2690:422400
2688:
2670:
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2643:
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2515:
2491:
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2464:
2432:718724
2430:
2411:
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2325:
2308:363616
2306:
2270:
2211:
1917:366668
1915:
1474:
1360:
1335:
1310:
1302:
1227:
979:, 1856
871:Mohawk
806:Palmer
719:, and
461:
377:under
256:Number
212:
201:
163:
152:
6478:Maine
5819:Riots
5566:Texas
5446:Maine
5411:Idaho
5239:LGBTQ
5232:Women
5002:Labor
4955:Sixth
4950:Fifth
4940:Third
4930:First
4735:Music
4477:NAFTA
3343:Libya
3333:Syria
2493:69843
2304:JSTOR
2209:JSTOR
1913:JSTOR
1308:S2CID
1189:Notes
751:death
459:worth
93:Goals
6590:Ohio
6180:Ohio
6083:Iowa
5821:and
5634:Guam
5571:Utah
5526:Ohio
5426:Iowa
4901:Navy
4891:Army
4795:Flag
3328:Iraq
2883:ISBN
2862:OCLC
2830:OCLC
2799:OCLC
2789:ISBN
2768:OCLC
2749:ISBN
2733:OCLC
2709:OCLC
2686:OCLC
2668:OCLC
2658:ISBN
2641:OCLC
2603:ISBN
2544:OCLC
2534:ISBN
2513:ISBN
2489:OCLC
2472:OCLC
2462:ISBN
2449:2013
2428:OCLC
2409:OCLC
2399:ISBN
2382:OCLC
2356:OCLC
2333:OCLC
2323:ISBN
2279:2009
2268:OCLC
2238:2021
1485:2016
1472:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1300:ISSN
1225:ISBN
338:and
52:Date
3687:War
2628:301
2352:245
2296:doi
2264:148
2201:doi
1905:doi
1292:doi
1217:doi
494:of
6704::
2797:.
2787:.
2731:.
2729:89
2707:.
2666:.
2542:.
2470:.
2407:.
2380:.
2378:26
2354:.
2331:.
2302:.
2292:42
2290:.
2266:.
2229:.
2207:.
2197:86
2195:.
1943:^
1911:.
1901:69
1899:.
1644:^
1583:^
1493:^
1449:.
1426:^
1306:.
1298:.
1288:10
1286:.
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1141:.
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1097:.
828:.
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715:,
397:.
5837:/
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5797:v
3465:e
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3451:v
2940:e
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2774:.
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856:.
20:)
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