46:) meaning "place of teaching" but specifically refers to the educational program in Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and nunneries. It is usually attended by monks and nuns between their early teen years and early twenties. Not all young monastics enter a shedra; some study ritual practices instead. Shedra is variously described as a university, monastic college, or philosophy school. The age range of students typically corresponds to both
93:
1142:
20:
1462:, now relocated to southern India from Tibet, has a twelve- to twenty-year curriculum organized in the five topics. The first five years are foundational and cover logic, epistemology, vinaya, and the terms and distinctions built upon in later philosophic study. The next four years are devoted to studying specific texts, including Candrakīrti's
1056:
Compared to western educational systems, the shedra places much greater emphasis on memorization by students. Some traditions require monks memorize complete texts before studying them. They may be required to recite in class the new sections they've memorized each day. In some lineages, debate
995:
1057:
becomes a major focus and practice for refining one's understanding. In those lineages students may spend a major portion of the day in debate with each other.
1937:
465:
988:
1506:
Monastic education and a tradition of scholarship was not unique to Tibet, but was imported when
Buddhism was brought from India initially by
1932:
368:
967:
1913:
1895:
1860:
1842:
1824:
1777:
1759:
1736:
1716:
981:
1947:
1040:. Some non-Buddhist courses, such as grammar, poetry, history, and arts may be included. The initial years focus on the Buddhist
288:
1065:
905:
119:
1284:
1726:
1228:
1101:, standardized the Tibetan Buddhist curriculum into five major topics, and this was later adopted by many other schools.
1014:
1187:
1942:
1425:
943:
583:
1272:
1533:
410:
1787:
74:
1290:
541:
482:
393:
114:
1523:
1300:
1053:
Care is taken to introduce foundational topics first, building key concepts and vocabulary for later study.
438:
301:
270:
175:
1538:
1259:
1089:
1009:
863:
821:
702:
529:
1028:
629:
39:
1495:
1438:(3rd Karmapa) with commentaries by Rangjung Dorje and Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye as a basis for tantra
1008:
The curriculum varies with the lineage and monastery but most cover the main foundational texts in the
1528:
1150:
948:
381:
336:
1445:
960:
955:
524:
102:
1316:
915:
641:
600:
455:
421:
405:
1409:
by
Maitreya-Asanga with a commentary by Mikyƶ Dorje which includes commentary by Indian scholar
1853:
Nurturing Child and
Adolescent Spirituality: Perspectives from the World's Religious Traditions
1169:
1909:
1891:
1856:
1838:
1820:
1773:
1755:
1732:
1712:
1468:
1385:
1278:
789:
707:
651:
634:
624:
595:
517:
460:
443:
431:
157:
1355:
1153:
includes specific phases of study with particular texts used in each phase. Commentaries by
831:
826:
663:
658:
617:
607:
170:
144:
82:
47:
180:
92:
54:. After completing a shedra, some monks continue with further scholastic training toward a
1752:
The Sun of Wisdom: Teachings on the Noble
Nagarjuna's Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way
1478:
1173:
870:
695:
685:
680:
363:
358:
260:
1514:
University existed as places for advanced studies in India up until the twelfth century.
1507:
1459:
1435:
1400:
1369:
1105:
1037:
875:
844:
806:
796:
690:
668:
590:
505:
353:
190:
185:
31:
1926:
1158:
1094:
774:
673:
348:
319:
283:
265:
245:
1325:
910:
895:
735:
255:
1742:
1473:
1141:
888:
426:
228:
1483:
1410:
1223:
1191:
1123:
1111:
925:
730:
570:
558:
548:
512:
250:
1154:
1023:
920:
553:
536:
306:
764:
411:
19:
1728:
The Sound of Two Hands
Clapping: The Education of a Tibetan Buddhist Monk
1321:
1255:
1237:
1042:
816:
752:
477:
233:
208:
195:
124:
1511:
1351:
1117:
1073:
900:
856:
851:
747:
646:
612:
400:
324:
109:
51:
1793:
1339:
Additional study on the eight precepts of practice and related topics
1213:
1177:
1129:
1069:
1048:
801:
565:
500:
223:
218:
213:
134:
55:
1428:
and another by Gƶlo Shƶnu Pal as a basis for studying buddha nature
1140:
1098:
1077:
1061:
811:
769:
759:
712:
139:
129:
59:
1817:
Indestructible Truth: The Living
Spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism
1399:
by
Chandrakirti with a commentary by Mikyƶ Dorje and another by
1072:
lineages consider the shedra training essential, whereas in the
742:
62:
degree, and other monks pursue training in ritual practices.
1161:
may be used with each text. The phases and texts include:
1560:
1060:
There are differing views on the importance of shedra.
1444:
with commentaries by Jamgon
Kongtrul Lodro Thaye and
1707:
Brown, L.; Armington, S.; Whitecross, R. W. (2007),
1571:
1569:
1307:
Additional study on the vows and monastic discipline
1691:
1680:
1482:. The remaining four to eight years continue with
1350:The following texts were recommended by the 16th
1888:Blossoms of the Dharma: Living As a Buddhist Nun
1661:
1659:
1236:(The Four Hundred Verses on the Middle Way) of
1378:by Vasubandhu with a commentary by Mikyƶ Dorje
989:
8:
1906:Dragon Thunder: My Life with Chƶgyam Trungpa
1731:, Berkeley: University of California Press,
1296:Distinguishing the Middle from the Extremes
996:
982:
69:
1904:Mukpo, Diana J.; Gimian, Carolyn (2006),
1304:(Distinguishing Phenomena and Pure Being)
1424:by Maitreya-Asanga with commentaries by
1354:as the basis for study in the shedra at
1020:The Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way
18:
1638:
1622:
1587:
1575:
1549:
1145:Monks entering the shedra at Namdroling
81:
1634:
1561:Brown, Armington & Whitecross 2007
1510:. Major Buddhist universities such as
1676:
1599:
7:
1665:
1556:
1384:by Dharmakirti with a commentary by
1362:Vinaya, Abhidharma and Epistemology
1312:Tantra phase for two or three years
1182:Treatise Ascertaining the Three Vows
1870:Nitartha Institute school catalogue
1650:
1610:
1494:, and, for some students, study of
1368:by Gunaprabha with a commentary by
1938:Buddhist universities and colleges
466:Svatantrika-Prasaį¹
gika distinction
16:Tibetan Buddhist religious college
14:
1833:Stewart, Jampa Mackenzie (2004),
1750:Gyamtso, Khenpo Tsultrim (2003),
1324:commentaries like Yonten Dzod by
1080:lineages, this is less the case.
1090:Five traditional topics of study
91:
1725:Dreyfus, Georges J.B. (2003),
1488:Treasury of Manifest Knowledge
1260:the five treatises of Maitreya
1:
1807:Lobel, Adam (June 11, 2007),
1933:Tibetan Buddhist monasteries
1285:MahÄyÄna-sÅ«trÄlamkÄra-kÄrikÄ
1196:Grammar, Poetry, and History
1426:Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye
1234:Chatuhshataka-shastrakarika
1226:philosophy texts including
1201:Second through fifth years
1046:and the remaining years on
412:
1964:
1851:Yust, Karen-Marie (2006),
1534:Greco-Buddhist monasticism
1330:Trilogy of Self Liberation
1315:Specific tantras like the
1268:Mahayanottaratantrashastra
1087:
1886:Chodron, Thubten (2000),
1770:Memoirs of a Tibetan Lama
35:
1768:Gyatso, Lobsang (1998),
1291:MadhyÄnta-vibhÄga-kÄrikÄ
1120:- logic and epistemology
495:Practices and attainment
483:Pointing-out instruction
394:Three marks of existence
23:Monk teaching abhidharma
1948:Tibetan Buddhist places
1692:Nitartha Institute 2007
1681:Nitartha Institute 2007
1524:Bhiksu (disambiguation)
1301:Dharma-dharmatÄ-vibhÄga
1034:Entering the Middle Way
1815:Ray, Reginald (2002),
1539:Tibetan Buddhist canon
1332:), and Ngelso Korsum (
1262:via Asanga, including
1188:BodhisattvacaryÄvatÄra
1146:
1010:Tibetan Buddhist canon
864:Tibetan Buddhist canon
24:
1458:The shedra system at
1144:
439:Dependent origination
22:
1529:Buddhist monasticism
1422:Uttaratantra Shastra
1229:MÅ«lamadhyamakakÄrikÄ
1151:Namdroling Monastery
1015:MÅ«lamadhyamakakÄrikÄ
938:History and overview
337:Samding Dorje Phagmo
202:Second dissemination
1835:The Life of Gampopa
1809:Mipham Academy Talk
1745:on February 2, 2008
1641:, pp. 195, 229
1446:Dakpo Tashi Namgyal
1328:, Rangdrol Korsum (
1210:Abhidharmasamuccaya
1108:- study of Mahayana
725:Institutional roles
164:First dissemination
30:is a Tibetan word (
1943:Buddhist education
1637:, pp. 70ā72;
1496:GuhyasamÄja tantra
1334:Trilogy of Resting
1317:Guhyagarbha tantra
1147:
916:Tree of physiology
456:Four Tenets system
25:
1786:Levinson, Jules,
1490:and Gunaprabha's
1469:Abhisamayalankara
1407:Abhisamayalankara
1279:Abhisamayalankara
1273:RatnagotravibhÄga
1258:philosophy using
1246:Madhyamakalankara
1204:Psychology using
1097:, founder of the
1006:
1005:
968:Index of articles
584:Major monasteries
542:Tantra techniques
461:Rangtong-Shentong
369:10th Panchen Lama
158:Key personalities
1955:
1918:
1900:
1873:
1865:
1847:
1829:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1792:, archived from
1789:Shedra Education
1782:
1764:
1746:
1741:, archived from
1721:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1674:
1668:
1663:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1632:
1626:
1625:, pp. 79ā97
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1564:
1554:
1492:Vinayamula Sutra
1464:Madhyamakavatara
1397:Madhyamakavatara
1366:Vinayamula Sutra
1356:Rumtek Monastery
1242:MadhyamakÄvatÄra
1168:Training on the
1132:- monastic rules
1029:MadhyamakÄvatÄra
998:
991:
984:
921:Festival thangka
415:
388:General Buddhist
95:
85:
84:Tibetan Buddhism
70:
48:secondary school
37:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1903:
1898:
1885:
1881:
1879:Further reading
1876:
1868:
1863:
1850:
1845:
1832:
1827:
1814:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1785:
1780:
1767:
1762:
1749:
1739:
1724:
1719:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1686:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1633:
1629:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1567:
1559:, p. 181;
1555:
1551:
1547:
1520:
1504:
1479:Pramanavarttika
1456:
1382:Pramanavarttika
1376:Abhidharmakosha
1348:
1218:Pramanavarttika
1208:by Vasubandhu,
1206:Abhidharmakosha
1184:by Pema Wangyal
1139:
1137:Nyingma lineage
1092:
1086:
1002:
973:
972:
939:
931:
930:
891:
881:
880:
871:Mahayana sutras
847:
837:
836:
792:
782:
781:
726:
718:
717:
586:
576:
575:
496:
488:
487:
384:
374:
373:
364:14th Dalai Lama
359:13th Dalai Lama
343:
332:
314:
296:
278:
261:Patrul Rinpoche
203:
165:
160:
150:
149:
105:
83:
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1901:
1896:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1848:
1843:
1830:
1825:
1812:
1804:
1783:
1778:
1765:
1760:
1747:
1737:
1722:
1717:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1684:
1669:
1655:
1643:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1592:
1580:
1565:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1508:Shantarakshita
1503:
1500:
1460:Sera Monastery
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1442:Hevajra Tantra
1439:
1436:Rangjung Dorje
1429:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1401:Wangchuk Dorje
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:Chƶdrak Gyatso
1379:
1373:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1221:
1220:by Dharmakirti
1199:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1185:
1149:The shedra at
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1088:Main article:
1085:
1082:
1012:, such as the
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
993:
986:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
964:
963:
958:
952:
951:
946:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
906:Wall paintings
903:
898:
892:
887:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
876:Nyingma Gyubum
873:
867:
866:
860:
859:
854:
848:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
807:Galdan Namchot
804:
799:
797:Chotrul Duchen
793:
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
767:
762:
756:
755:
750:
745:
739:
738:
733:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
710:
705:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
654:
649:
644:
638:
637:
632:
627:
621:
620:
615:
610:
604:
603:
598:
593:
587:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
568:
562:
561:
556:
551:
545:
544:
539:
533:
532:
527:
521:
520:
518:AvalokiteÅvara
515:
509:
508:
503:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
486:
485:
480:
474:
473:
469:
468:
463:
458:
452:
451:
447:
446:
441:
435:
434:
429:
424:
418:
417:
408:
403:
397:
396:
390:
389:
385:
380:
379:
376:
375:
372:
371:
366:
361:
356:
354:5th Dalai Lama
351:
345:
344:
334:
333:
328:
327:
322:
316:
315:
310:
309:
304:
298:
297:
292:
291:
289:Rangjung Dorje
286:
280:
279:
274:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
242:
241:
237:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
205:
204:
199:
198:
193:
191:Trisong Detsen
188:
186:Songtsen Gampo
183:
178:
173:
167:
166:
161:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
106:
101:
100:
97:
96:
88:
87:
79:
78:
67:
64:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1960:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1917:
1915:1-59030-256-7
1911:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1897:1-55643-325-5
1893:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1862:0-7425-4463-X
1858:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1844:1-55939-214-2
1840:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1826:1-57062-910-2
1822:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1796:on 2008-01-17
1795:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1779:1-55939-097-2
1775:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1761:1-57062-999-4
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1738:0-520-23260-7
1734:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1718:1-74059-529-7
1714:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1653:, p. 195
1652:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1613:, p. 368
1612:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1590:, p. 168
1589:
1584:
1581:
1578:, p. 134
1577:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1466:, Maitreya's
1465:
1461:
1454:Gelug lineage
1453:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1432:Zabmo Nangdƶn
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1403:(9th Karmapa)
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1388:(7th Karmapa)
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1372:(8th Karmapa)
1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1346:Kagyu lineage
1345:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:Khenpo Shenga
1156:
1152:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:Je Tsongkhapa
1091:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1011:
999:
994:
992:
987:
985:
980:
979:
977:
976:
969:
966:
965:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
935:
934:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
890:
885:
884:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
865:
862:
861:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
846:
841:
840:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
794:
791:
786:
785:
776:
775:Western tulku
773:
772:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
722:
721:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
585:
580:
579:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
492:
491:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
471:
470:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
449:
448:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
416:
414:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
395:
392:
391:
387:
386:
383:
378:
377:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
349:Je Tsongkhapa
347:
346:
341:
340:
339:
338:
330:
329:
326:
323:
321:
320:Sakya Pandita
318:
317:
312:
311:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
294:
293:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
276:
275:
272:
269:
267:
266:Dudjom Lingpa
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
246:Yeshe Tsogyal
244:
243:
239:
238:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
201:
200:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
171:PadmasambhÄva
169:
168:
163:
162:
159:
154:
153:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
107:
104:
99:
98:
94:
90:
89:
86:
80:
76:
72:
71:
65:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
33:
29:
21:
1905:
1887:
1869:
1852:
1834:
1816:
1808:
1798:, retrieved
1794:the original
1788:
1769:
1751:
1743:the original
1727:
1708:
1687:
1672:
1646:
1639:Dreyfus 2003
1630:
1623:Dreyfus 2003
1618:
1606:
1595:
1588:Gyamtso 2003
1583:
1576:Stewart 2004
1563:, p. 73
1552:
1505:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1406:
1396:
1381:
1375:
1365:
1349:
1333:
1329:
1326:Jigme Lingpa
1299:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1252:Upper phase
1245:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1181:
1148:
1126:- psychology
1114:- philosophy
1099:Gelug school
1093:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1041:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1007:
911:Ashtamangala
896:Sand mandala
736:Panchen Lama
703:Tashi Lhunpo
335:
256:Jigme Lingpa
176:ÅÄntarakį¹£ita
43:
27:
26:
1635:Gyatso 1998
1474:Dharmakīrti
1393:Madhyamaka
1370:Mikyƶ Dorje
1180:vows using
1174:bodhisattva
1165:First year
1084:Five topics
1038:Candrakīrti
630:Mindrolling
427:Bodhisattva
229:Sukhasiddhi
219:Abhayakirti
1927:Categories
1800:2008-03-22
1700:References
1677:Lobel 2007
1600:Lobel 2007
1484:Vasubandhu
1411:Haribhadra
1224:Madhyamaka
1192:Shantideva
1170:prÄtimokį¹£a
1124:Abhidharma
1112:Madhyamaka
926:Mani stone
731:Dalai Lama
571:Buddhahood
559:Dream yoga
549:Deity yoga
525:Meditation
513:Bodhicitta
251:Longchenpa
181:KamalaÅÄ«la
66:Curriculum
44:bshad grwa
1557:Yust 2006
1155:Ju Mipham
1106:PÄramitÄs
1024:Nagarjuna
790:Festivals
554:Guru yoga
537:Vajrayana
506:PÄramitÄs
406:Cosmology
382:Teachings
307:Taranatha
1666:Levinson
1651:Ray 2002
1611:Ray 2002
1518:See also
1322:Dzogchen
1256:Yogacara
1238:Aryadeva
1026:and the
949:Timeline
817:Dosmoche
753:Rinpoche
642:Narthang
601:Dzogchen
478:Dzogchen
331:Bodongpa
234:Milarepa
196:Ralpacan
75:a series
73:Part of
1512:Nalanda
1502:History
1418:Tantra
1352:Karmapa
1264:Gyulama
1118:Pramana
1074:Nyingma
1049:tantras
961:Culture
956:Outline
944:History
901:Thangka
857:Tengyur
852:Kangyur
832:Losoong
827:Sho Dun
748:Karmapa
708:Tsurphu
669:Ramoche
652:Pabonka
647:Nechung
635:Namgyal
625:Labrang
613:Jokhang
596:Drepung
591:Tradruk
566:Thukdam
472:Nyingma
450:Tibetan
422:Rebirth
413:Saį¹sÄra
401:Skandha
342:Gelugpa
325:Gorampa
302:Dolpopa
240:Nyingma
110:Nyingma
103:Schools
52:college
36:ą½ą½¤ą½ą¼ą½ą¾²ą¾
32:Tibetan
1912:
1894:
1872:, 2007
1859:
1841:
1823:
1776:
1758:
1735:
1715:
1709:Bhutan
1472:, and
1298:) and
1244:, and
1216:, and
1214:Asanga
1178:samaya
1176:, and
1130:Vinaya
1070:Jonang
1043:sutras
822:Monlam
802:Dajyur
765:Tertƶn
664:Ralung
659:Palcho
618:Kumbum
608:Ganden
501:Lamrim
432:Dharma
295:Jonang
271:Mipham
224:Niguma
214:Talika
135:Jonang
125:Bodong
56:Khenpo
28:Shedra
1545:Notes
1078:Kagyu
1066:Sakya
1062:Gelug
1036:) by
1022:) by
845:Texts
812:Losar
770:Tulku
760:Geshe
713:Yerpa
696:Shalu
686:Sanga
681:Sakya
530:Laity
444:Karma
313:Sakya
284:Marpa
277:Kagyu
209:AtiÅa
140:Gelug
130:Kagyu
120:Sakya
115:Kadam
60:Geshe
40:Wylie
1910:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1774:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1076:and
1068:and
743:Lama
691:Sera
674:Rato
145:RimƩ
50:and
1486:'s
1476:'s
1434:by
1276:),
1270:or
1212:by
1190:by
1157:or
889:Art
58:or
1929::
1908:,
1890:,
1855:,
1837:,
1819:,
1772:,
1754:,
1711:,
1679:;
1658:^
1568:^
1498:.
1358::
1288:,
1282:,
1240:,
1232:,
1172:,
1064:,
77:on
42::
38:,
34::
1413:.
1336:)
1294:(
1266:(
1051:.
1032:(
1018:(
997:e
990:t
983:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
