414:
342:
33:
460:
528:
536:
years. Ali Sheikh Madar's son Sh Yussuf Ali Sheikh Madar later become the 2nd
Chairman of SNM and was a scholar and teacher and the first Foreign Minister of Somaliland. Sh Yusuf's son Ibrahim Yusuf Madar, also a Sheikh, would go on to be the lead mediator in the grass roots reconciliation process of the northern clans following the
519:. His forces threatened Hargeisa itself and coerced tribes to leave British protection. Sheikh Madar alongside other traditional leaders organized the scouting alongside protectorate authorities to gain advanced warning of potentially devastating attack. Fortunately, Makonnen was checked and the raid did not materialize.
405:
formed a nucleus that attracted other pastoralists to come and settle in the burgeoning town. As well, clan conflicts were mitigated as the new community had managed to unify on a shared religious identity rather than aligning strictly on traditional clan basis. With the Sheikh succeeding in the task
557:
affiliation of brotherhood and directed his followers toward agriculture, changing the culture of nomadic pastoralism and as well as the culture based on single clan loyalty. The impact of Sheikh Madar's introduction of agriculture can be seen in the agricultural firms in the area west of
Hargeisa,
535:
Following Madar's death in 1918 his son Yusuf followed in his footsteps and became a respected Sheikh in his own right. However, His other son Ali Sh Madar Ahmed chose to become an entrepreneur and become a successful and wealthy entrepreneur with the blessing of his father Sheikh Madar. At a later
556:
falls in the area. Sheikh Madar's introductions and reforms left behind a lasting effect that continues into the present day. He introduced permanent settlements, reforming a nomadic life based on following after the rains and pastures. Secondly, he brought together members of various clans in an
442:
and chewing tobacco, both of which the
Qadiriyya had permitted. Amongst other disputes he would come to debate the leading Qadiriyya sheikhs of Berbera including Aw Gaas and Xaaji Ibrahim Xirsi. Sheikh Madar the leader of Somali Qadiriyya was invited to participate in 1897 and after rigorous
443:
discussion, the
Qadiriyya tariqa had proved victorious and Mahmud Abdalla Hassan had been refuted. British authorities took note of the disturbance and turmoil and he was thus expelled from the city. The divisions were deep and both sides had accused the other of
369:
and the second largest Somali inhabited city to date. Hargeisa and its environs had suitable soil and ample water supply for agriculture yet the pastoralists had not been taking advantage of this fact. Madar alongside the other leaders of
551:
Hargeisa has grown to become a vibrant cultural hub and is the current capital of
Somaliland. The eponymously named neighborhood of Sheikh Madar today in Hargeisa is one of the oldest in the city and the site of the original
486:
Sheikh Madar the head of the religious community here is entirely on the side of law and order and exerts considerable influence over the Habr Awal tribes in this direction, one and all of whom are opposed to the
507:
and Habr Awal tribes to oppose his advances in that direction. Sheikh can command a sufficient following to safeguard
Hargaisa, and I should say that the Mullah will not attempt to penetrate so far west.
349:
In the mid 19th century
Hargeisa and the surrounding region was a hotbed of clan strife with raids being made on caravans attempting to pass through. Madar alongside other Sufi sheikhs established the
390:
met outside
Hargeisa in 1870 to discuss issues regarding the new town and agreed that poaching and tree cutting in the vicinity should be banned. The Saad Musa branch of the
378:
and the new construction of permanent housing and creating his grand mosque in 1883. The Sheikh was also responsible for leading the communal prayers supplicating to
479:. The protectorate was required to raise its own revenues to cover expenses and trade being halted or crippled was a massive blow to stability in the region.
965:
515:
had taken large swathes of new territory around the turn of the century and tribes just outside the protectorate were cowed to pay tribute to
General
574:
1191:
1186:
1106:
1176:
1142:
1116:
1074:
1029:
1002:
975:
933:
841:
816:
786:
761:
712:
682:
806:
1157:
745:
578:
413:
274:
political/religious leader, a social reformer, merchant and a jurist that was instrumental in the modern foundation of
1132:
601:
1064:
859:
Ethiopia: The Era of the
Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769-1855)
1181:
488:
472:
448:
611:
496:
435:
365:
and introduced new practices that would put Hargeisa on the trajectory to becoming the largest Somali city in
728:
438:
who arrived in Berbera in 1895 and constructed his own masjid and began propagating. He was strongly against
451:
movement based on Salihiyya just two years after the debates partly in rebuke of the Qadiriyya status quo.
341:
516:
808:
Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa
1201:
1196:
923:
702:
672:
531:
Historic Jama'a Masjid of Hargeisa, built on the site where Sheikh Madar's first commune was located
32:
223:
1019:
992:
317:
clan which controlled the lucrative caravan trade stretching to Berbera with strong ties with the
476:
362:
219:
137:
86:
1138:
1112:
1070:
1025:
998:
971:
929:
837:
812:
782:
757:
708:
678:
471:
clan and this leverage was recognized by the British Parliament in the face of the Salihiyya
467:
As a respected elder and influential peacemaker Sheikh Madar held considerable sway over the
537:
512:
318:
141:
632:
459:
263:
68:
1206:
310:
1170:
591:
584:
395:
387:
322:
227:
544:. Ibrahim ensured adequate clan representation to truly create a lasting peace in
430:
tariqa would soon be challenged by a new tariqa. The most prominent Sheikh of the
279:
410:
took it upon themselves to place the disabled in the region under their care.
1108:
Anglo-Ethiopian Relations, 1869 to 1906: A Study of British Policy in Ethiopia
545:
394:
began to settle in Hargeisa under the watch and the hospitality of the Sultan
366:
175:
165:
101:
619:
615:
527:
468:
431:
427:
391:
358:
330:
314:
282:
198:
482:
In the 1901 Parliamentary Sessional Report Madar's influence is discussed
625:
504:
500:
275:
97:
82:
37:
Sheikh Madar (right) pictured in Hargeisa alongside Suldan Diiriya Cawale
558:
375:
302:
271:
64:
406:
delegated to him by his master Sheikh Kabir. Religious leaders in the
305:, Madar was sponsored by his father to study religion for 20 years in
636:
562:
541:
444:
193:
185:
46:
967:
Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04, Volume 1
642:
595:
458:
412:
379:
340:
326:
306:
285:
155:
145:
111:
439:
357:
in Hargeisa. The new congregation adhered to the 900 year old
949:
WSP Transition Programme, War-torn Societies Project (2005).
730:
Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge
639:
and fiercely anti-Salihiyya, architect of the Benadir revolt
906:
Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia
891:
Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia
288:
clan. His tomb is now a venerated Sufi shrine in the city.
951:
Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities, Volume 1
1137:. Rowman&Littlefield. 9 September 2019. p. 79.
1066:
British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960
417:
Paulitschke's map covering critical trade routes in 1898
645:
the city where he studied and became versed in religion
1111:. Concept Publishing Company New Delhi. p. 121.
278:. He hailed from the Yunis Nuh division of the wider
345:
Hargeisa circled and the surrounding region in 1885
205:
192:
181:
171:
161:
151:
133:
125:
117:
107:
93:
75:
57:
52:
42:
21:
779:Somaliland with Addis Ababa & Eastern Ethiopia
309:. Harar was the centre of Islamic learning in the
1024:. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. p. 72.
997:. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. p. 71.
875:. University of Michigan Press. 1963. p. 27.
463:Sheikh Madar of Hargeisa with a bodyguard in 1895
447:, Mahmud Abdalla Hassan would go on to form the
834:The Life of Captain Sir Richard Burton Volume 1
1134:Locally Led Peacebuilding: Global Case Studies
733:. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1957. p. 967.
503:. At Hargaisa Sheikh Madar is collecting the
614:leader of the Dervish movement and prominent
398:and eagerly took up the new farming methods.
8:
321:. Upon the completion of his studies Sheikh
475:which had severely disrupted the trade of
31:
18:
1158:Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1
628:the setting of most of Madar's adult life
301:Born into a wealthy mercantile family in
1092:Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48
1090:Great Britain, House of Commons (1901).
1050:Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48
1048:Great Britain, House of Commons (1901).
1043:
1041:
1018:Abdullahi (Badiyow), Abdurahman (2015).
991:Abdullahi (Badiyow), Abdurahman (2015).
970:. HM Stationery Office. pp. 31–32.
925:Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1
917:
915:
884:
882:
836:. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 121.
704:Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1
674:Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1
526:
333:tariqa commune in present-day Hargeisa.
800:
798:
696:
694:
658:
244:
217:
666:
664:
662:
455:Influence & anti Ethiopian efforts
361:order established by renowned Shaykh
246:Sheikh Yusuf Madar, Sheikh Omar Madar
7:
922:Abdullahi, Abdurahman (2017-09-18).
701:Abdullahi, Abdurahman (2017-09-18).
671:Abdullahi, Abdurahman (2017-09-18).
329:in Harar advised him to establish a
1094:. HM Stationery Office. p. 15.
577:Sheikh Madar's grandson and former
313:, and a very familiar city for his
1063:Millman, Brock (4 December 2013).
1052:. HM Stationery Office. p. 5.
964:Great Britain, War Office (1907).
121:Yusuf Madar, Ali Madar, Omar Madar
14:
495:Reports are now current that the
386:. Sheikh Madar and Isaaq Sultan
1160:by Abdullahi, Abdurahman Page 80
604:British officer & author of
270:; 1825–1918) was a 19th-century
1021:THE ISLAMIC MOVEMENT IN SOMALIA
994:THE ISLAMIC MOVEMENT IN SOMALIA
861:. London: Longmans. p. 16.
756:. NY, USA: Thomson/Gale: 1032.
635:leading Qadiriyya scholar from
511:As well, the quickly expanding
16:19th-century Somali Sufi leader
904:Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900).
889:Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900).
805:Mire, Sada (5 February 2020).
744:Ficadorey, Gianfranco (2008).
382:for rain in a ritual known as
374:introduced the cultivation of
188:, Social Reformer, Cultivation
1:
953:. Red Sea Press. p. 214.
608:who photographed Sheikh Madar
606:Seventeen Trips to Somaliland
1192:20th-century Somalian people
1187:19th-century Somalian people
873:Journal of African Languages
857:w. Abir, Mordechai (1968).
602:Harald George Carlos Swayne
575:Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf
426:In Berbera the established
1223:
1177:Somalian religious leaders
618:Sheikh who was opposed to
237:
210:
30:
612:Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
436:Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
832:Burton, Isabel (1898).
777:Briggs, Philip (2012).
594:, Grand Sultan of the
587:Sheikh Madar's teacher
532:
509:
492:
464:
418:
346:
267:
530:
493:
484:
462:
416:
344:
325:one of the three top
129:Modern Islamic period
1105:Ram, Venkat (2009).
355:the big congregation
23:Madar Ahmed Shirwac
256:Madar Ahmed Shirwac
224:Abadir Umar ar-Rida
533:
499:will move towards
477:British Somaliland
465:
419:
363:Abdul Qadir Gilani
347:
258:, better known as
220:Abdul Qadir Gilani
214:Influenced by
138:British Somaliland
87:British Somaliland
622:and debated Madar
542:Borama Conference
253:
252:
1214:
1182:Somalian Muslims
1161:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1015:
1009:
1008:
988:
982:
981:
961:
955:
954:
946:
940:
939:
919:
910:
909:
901:
895:
894:
886:
877:
876:
869:
863:
862:
854:
848:
847:
829:
823:
822:
802:
793:
792:
774:
768:
767:
741:
735:
734:
725:
719:
718:
698:
689:
688:
668:
538:Somali Civil War
513:Ethiopian Empire
489:Mullah's faction
473:Dervish Movement
337:Move to Hargeisa
319:Emirate of Harar
182:Main interest(s)
142:Emirate of Harar
35:
19:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1005:
990:
989:
985:
978:
963:
962:
958:
948:
947:
943:
936:
921:
920:
913:
903:
902:
898:
888:
887:
880:
871:
870:
866:
856:
855:
851:
844:
831:
830:
826:
819:
811:. p. 151.
804:
803:
796:
789:
776:
775:
771:
764:
750:Basic Reference
743:
742:
738:
727:
726:
722:
715:
700:
699:
692:
685:
670:
669:
660:
655:
649:
633:Uways Al-Barawi
571:
525:
457:
424:
422:Berbera debates
339:
299:
294:
249:
243:
242:
233:
216:
215:
89:
80:
71:
69:Isaaq Sultanate
62:
38:
26:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1150:
1143:
1124:
1117:
1097:
1082:
1075:
1069:. p. 16.
1055:
1037:
1030:
1010:
1003:
983:
976:
956:
941:
934:
928:. p. 80.
911:
896:
878:
864:
849:
842:
824:
817:
794:
787:
769:
762:
736:
720:
713:
707:. p. 79.
690:
683:
677:. p. 80.
657:
656:
654:
651:
647:
646:
640:
629:
623:
609:
599:
588:
582:
570:
567:
524:
521:
456:
453:
423:
420:
338:
335:
298:
295:
293:
290:
251:
250:
248:
247:
240:
239:
238:
235:
234:
232:
231:
213:
212:
211:
208:
207:
203:
202:
196:
190:
189:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
95:
91:
90:
81:
77:
73:
72:
63:
59:
55:
54:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1219:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1144:9781538114117
1140:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1118:9788180696244
1114:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1076:9780415717458
1072:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:9781912234035
1027:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1004:9781912234035
1000:
996:
995:
987:
984:
979:
977:9780344344800
973:
969:
968:
960:
957:
952:
945:
942:
937:
935:9781909112797
931:
927:
926:
918:
916:
912:
908:. p. 40.
907:
900:
897:
893:. p. 96.
892:
885:
883:
879:
874:
868:
865:
860:
853:
850:
845:
843:9783752405637
839:
835:
828:
825:
820:
818:9781138368507
814:
810:
809:
801:
799:
795:
790:
788:9781841623719
784:
780:
773:
770:
765:
763:9783447052382
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
737:
732:
731:
724:
721:
716:
714:9781909112797
710:
706:
705:
697:
695:
691:
686:
684:9781909112797
680:
676:
675:
667:
665:
663:
659:
652:
650:
644:
641:
638:
634:
630:
627:
624:
621:
617:
613:
610:
607:
603:
600:
597:
593:
589:
586:
583:
580:
576:
573:
572:
568:
566:
564:
560:
555:
549:
547:
543:
539:
529:
522:
520:
518:
514:
508:
506:
502:
498:
491:
490:
483:
480:
478:
474:
470:
461:
454:
452:
450:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
421:
415:
411:
409:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
343:
336:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
296:
291:
289:
287:
284:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
245:
236:
229:
225:
221:
218:
209:
206:Muslim leader
204:
200:
197:
195:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
174:
170:
167:
164:
162:Jurisprudence
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
94:Resting place
92:
88:
84:
78:
74:
70:
66:
60:
56:
51:
48:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:مدر احمد شروع
20:
1153:
1133:
1127:
1107:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1065:
1058:
1049:
1020:
1013:
993:
986:
966:
959:
950:
944:
924:
905:
899:
890:
872:
867:
858:
852:
833:
827:
807:
778:
772:
753:
749:
739:
729:
723:
703:
673:
648:
605:
592:Deria Hassan
585:Kabir Khalil
553:
550:
534:
517:Ras Makonnen
510:
494:
485:
481:
466:
425:
407:
402:
400:
388:Deria Hassan
383:
371:
354:
350:
348:
323:Kabir Khalil
300:
268:Sheekh Madar
260:Sheikh Madar
259:
255:
254:
228:Kabir Khalil
152:Denomination
1202:1918 deaths
1197:1825 births
565:districts.
351:Jama'a Weyn
280:Sacad Muuse
1171:Categories
653:References
546:Somaliland
505:Aidagalleh
434:order was
372:Jam'a Weyn
367:Somaliland
297:Early life
241:Influenced
102:Somaliland
620:Qadiriyya
616:Salihiyya
469:Habr Awal
432:Salihiyya
428:Qadiriyya
392:Habr Awal
359:Qadiriyya
331:Qadiriyya
315:Habr Awal
292:Biography
283:Habr Awal
230:(teacher)
199:Qadiriyya
626:Hargeisa
569:See also
384:roobdoon
276:Hargeisa
118:Children
108:Religion
98:Hargeisa
83:Hargeisa
53:Personal
631:Sheikh
590:Sultan
559:Gabiley
540:at the
501:Odweina
449:Dervish
376:sorghum
303:Berbera
176:Ash'ari
166:Shafi'i
65:Berbera
1141:
1115:
1073:
1028:
1001:
974:
932:
840:
815:
785:
760:
711:
681:
637:Barawa
581:leader
579:Guurti
563:Borama
554:jama'a
523:Legacy
497:Mullah
445:heresy
408:Jama'a
403:Jama'a
272:Somali
264:Somali
201:order
194:Tariqa
186:Sufism
134:Region
47:Sheikh
1207:Isaaq
643:Harar
596:Isaaq
396:Deria
380:Allah
327:ulema
307:Harar
286:Isaaq
172:Creed
156:Sunni
146:Harar
112:Islam
43:Title
1139:ISBN
1113:ISBN
1071:ISBN
1026:ISBN
999:ISBN
972:ISBN
930:ISBN
838:ISBN
813:ISBN
783:ISBN
758:ISBN
746:"Ha"
709:ISBN
679:ISBN
598:clan
561:and
440:khat
401:The
311:Horn
79:1918
76:Died
61:1825
58:Born
353:or
126:Era
1173::
1040:^
914:^
881:^
797:^
781:.
752:.
748:.
693:^
661:^
548:.
266::
226:,
222:,
144:/
140:,
100:,
85:,
67:,
1147:.
1121:.
1079:.
1034:.
1007:.
980:.
938:.
846:.
821:.
791:.
766:.
754:3
717:.
687:.
262:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
