477:
484:
About 10 years after the death of her father, Shi
Jianqiao tracked down Sun Chuanfang in Tianjin. Shortly after 3pm on 13 November 1935, she approached him from behind while he was leading a sutra-recitation session at his lay-Buddhist society on Nanma Road. She then killed the kneeling former
493:
pamphlets to bystanders. Her case drew a significant amount of public and media attention. After a lengthy legal process with two appeals that ultimately reached the
Supreme Court in Nanjing and pitted public sentiment against the rule of law, she was finally given a state pardon by the
50:
330:'Valley Orchid'). She adopted the name Shi Jianqiao around the time she was planning to assassinate Sun Chuanfang to avenge her father's killing. The characters of her adopted name mean "sword" and "to raise" alluding to her planned role as an avenging assassin.
346:
Province, in the small village of
Shazigang. While her grandfather had still been a farmer and tofu seller, her father and one of her uncles rose to become decorated soldiers, which led to an increase in the family's social status. She grew up in
413:
warlord Sun
Chuanfang who had been leading a surprise counterattack against the advance of the Fengtian troops. The next day, Sun had Shi decapitated and his severed head displayed in public at the train station of
498:
government on 14 October 1936. The assassination of Sun
Chuanfang was ethically justified as an act of filial piety and turned into a political symbol of the legitimate vengeance against the Japanese invaders.
879:
359:
as a young girl. By the year he was killed (1925), her father had been promoted to director of military affairs in
Shandong Province and served as brigade commander under the local warlord
874:
508:
409:, her father Shi Congbin was leading a brigade of mercenary soldiers in an attempt to capture Guzhen, Shandong. However, he found himself surrounded by troops of the
252:, 1905 or 1906 – 27 August 1979) was the daughter of the Chinese military officer Shi Congbin, whose killing she avenged by assassinating the former warlord
507:
In 1949, Shi
Jianqiao was elected as vice-chair of the Women's Federation of Suzhou. In 1957, she was appointed to the Beijing Municipal Committee of the
807:
426:
that was targeted at ending the rule of the local warlords. He retired from his military career and founded the
Tianjin Qingxiu lay-Buddhist society (
729:
Ocko, Jonathan K.; Gilmartin, David (February 2009), "State, sovereignty, and the people: A comparison of the "Rule of Law" in China and India",
256:. The revenge killing and the legal proceedings that followed were highly publicized at the time and incited public debates over the concepts of
869:
775:
Asen, Daniel (2009), "Approaching Law and
Exhausting its (Social) Principles: Jurisprudence as Social Science in Early 20th Century China",
854:
514:
Shi
Jianqiao died in 1979, shortly after surgery for advanced colorectal cancer. Her ashes were buried in the West Tianling Cemetery (
580:
859:
367:, one of the two main competing warlord factions at the time. By some accounts, Shi Jianqiao graduated from Tianjin Normal College (
884:
703:
666:
289:
237:
127:
406:
273:
149:
762:
Transregional Networking in the Chinese Journalistic Diaspora: Hu Wenhu/Sin Chew Jit Poh and Guomindang China, 1929–1937
864:
584:
822:
844:
486:
849:
658:
Public passions: The Case of Shi Jianqiao, Mass Culture and Collective Sentiment in Republican China
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pistol. After the assassination, she stayed at the crime scene to explain her deed and distribute
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662:
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207:
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738:
515:
427:
368:
339:
172:
71:
31:
588:
364:
360:
26:
315:
193:
476:
838:
253:
107:
583:[The Republic of China's first female assassin, Shi Jianqiao] (in Chinese).
418:, Anhui. Less than two years later, in early 1927, Sun Chuanfeng was deposed by the
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356:
257:
179:
79:
22:
693:
656:
465:
261:
743:
495:
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423:
789:
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Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science
352:
808:"Scandal and the New Woman: Identities and Media Culture in 1920s China"
49:
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75:
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Revolution of the Heart: A Genealogy of Love in China, 1900-1950
363:. Zhang Zongchang and hence Shi Congbin were aligned with the
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Pamphlet by Shi Jianqiao authenticated with her fingerprint
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second war between the Zhili and Fengtian warlord cliques
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Zongyang County Propaganda Department. Archived from
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198:
184:
206:
192:
178:
171:
166:
148:
126:
117:
102:
94:
86:
59:
40:
764:(Master Thesis). National University of Singapore.
509:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
880:People's Republic of China politicians from Anhui
661:. University of California Press. p. 290.
875:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Anhui
54:Undated photo of Shi Jianqiao as a young woman
485:warlord by shooting him three times with her
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132:
8:
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698:. Stanford University Press. p. 364.
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464:) together with his former fellow warlord
272:Shi Jianqiao's given name was Shi Gulan, (
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48:
37:
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320:
574:
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114:
7:
14:
542:
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398:
310:
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277:
241:
213:
199:
185:
155:
133:
1:
422:, a military campaign by the
106:assassination of the warlord
16:20th-century Chinese assassin
870:People from Tongcheng, Anhui
731:The Journal of Asian Studies
405:In October 1925, during the
855:20th-century Chinese people
90:27 August 1979 (aged 73–74)
901:
20:
821:(1): 1–28, archived from
744:10.1017/s0021911809000084
519:
431:
372:
338:Shi Jianqiao was born in
227:
162:
122:
47:
860:Chinese female murderers
790:10.4245/sponge.v2i1.3511
128:Traditional Chinese
885:Politicians from Anqing
760:Shu, Sheng-Chi (2009).
461:Tiānjīn Fójiào Jūshìlín
150:Simplified Chinese
481:
399:Tiānjīn Shīfàn Xuéxiào
655:Eugenia Lean (2007).
479:
355:Province and had her
828:on 12 September 2012
806:He, Qiliang (2010),
503:Later life and death
692:Haiyan Lee (2007).
579:Fang, Qian (2010).
420:Northern Expedition
290:traditional Chinese
70:Shazigang village,
543:Xī Tiānlíng Gōngmù
482:
274:simplified Chinese
865:Chinese assassins
328:
231:
230:
223:
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200:Shih Chien-chʻiao
173:Standard Mandarin
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591:on 31 March 2017
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815:Studies on Asia
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365:Fengtian clique
361:Zhang Zongchang
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783:(1): 213–237,
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340:Tongcheng City
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167:Transcriptions
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103:Known for
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72:Tongcheng City
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737:(1): 55–133,
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108:Sun Chuanfang
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845:1900s births
823:the original
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814:
780:
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761:
734:
730:
709:. Retrieved
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672:. Retrieved
657:
593:. Retrieved
589:the original
581:"民国第一女刺客施剑翘"
541:
513:
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491:mimeographed
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258:filial piety
234:Shi Jianqiao
233:
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186:Shī Jiànqiào
180:Hanyu Pinyin
118:Shi Jianqiao
67:1905 or 1906
42:Shi Jianqiao
30:
23:Chinese name
18:
850:1979 deaths
711:28 December
674:28 December
548:Suzhou City
496:Nationalist
466:Jin Yunpeng
321:Shih Ku-lan
262:rule of law
95:Nationality
80:Qing Empire
27:family name
839:Categories
705:0804754179
668:0520247183
554:References
424:Kuomintang
357:feet bound
334:Background
316:Wade–Giles
194:Wade–Giles
78:Province,
595:1 January
311:Shī Gǔlán
64:Shi Gulan
487:Browning
353:Shandong
260:and the
21:In this
516:Chinese
472:Revenge
428:Chinese
369:Chinese
238:Chinese
98:Chinese
817:, IV,
702:
665:
540::
538:pinyin
518::
458::
456:pinyin
430::
416:Bengbu
396::
394:pinyin
371::
318::
308::
306:pinyin
292::
276::
240::
25:, the
826:(PDF)
811:(PDF)
546:) in
411:Zhili
349:Jinan
344:Anhui
268:Names
76:Anhui
713:2012
700:ISBN
676:2012
663:ISBN
597:2013
327:lit.
87:Died
60:Born
785:doi
739:doi
585:CPC
402:).
208:IPA
156:施剑翘
32:Shi
29:is
841::
813:,
798:^
779:,
752:^
735:68
733:,
721:^
684:^
605:^
561:^
550:.
536:;
511:.
468:.
454:;
392:;
351:,
342:,
324:;
314:;
304:;
288:;
264:.
74:,
819:1
787::
781:2
741::
715:.
678:.
599:.
533:墓
530:公
527:灵
524:天
521:西
451:林
448:士
445:居
442:教
439:佛
436:津
433:天
389:校
386:學
383:範
380:師
377:津
374:天
301:蘭
298:谷
295:施
285:兰
282:谷
279:施
249:翹
246:劍
243:施
236:(
141:翹
138:劍
135:施
35:.
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