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it before offering it to the bride. The second pouring goes first to the bride, then to the groom. The final pouring goes from the groom first, then the bride (essentially repeating the first pour). The sake aspect of the ceremony is said to be the core of a Shinto wedding. The ritual may have originated at samurai weddings, though the symbolism of the action and numbers has no clear origin. Some see the ritual as representative of sharing joys and sorrows as a married couple, others suggest that
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207:, or "matchmaker," will be thanked in the vows. If no matchmaker exists, a friend or family member will be appointed to fill the role, serving a role similar to the "best man" or "bridesmaid." Then, the families join in with the drinking of sake and a traditional cheer of "kanpai" (乾杯). In the final portion of the ceremony, the priest offers
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Japanese Shinto weddings are overseen by priests, but often take place in hotels or in special venues designed to accommodate weddings. As Japan's marriage rate declines, fewer Shinto weddings are being performed; the number has dropped from 90% of ceremonies to 50% since the 1990s. Japanese weddings
219:
are often invoked. These married gods were part of the
Japanese lore of the "first wedding," and are called upon to reflect a harmonious balance within the marriage. Other aspects of the Shinto wedding prayer include calling for the couple to work to maintain a respectful home, and for the couple to
174:
ceremony, or "three-three-nine-times," reflecting three oaths taken three times, represented by three cups, poured three times, and swallowed in three sips. This often includes three pourings from three cups of increasing sizes. The first, smallest cup, is first poured to the groom, who drinks from
492:
The Shinto wedding is a modern invention. The first mention of a wedding in a Shinto manual was in 1872; weddings were not reported until the 1880s. These weddings were limited to the families of Shinto priests. Earlier Shinto weddings were a family gathering without religious significance, aside
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or imitation silk. Due to the high cost of new kimono, and the particularly high cost of brand-new formal kimono, a bride may only hire out the ensemble for the day, instead of purchasing it new, or may wear an ensemble passed down through the family or borrowed. Brides typically wear a wig
567:
in 1945, there came a rapid rise in the democratization of Shinto wedding ceremonies, and, in turn, the number of people choosing them. This also reflected a mass movement of families into cities and smaller homes, which made it more difficult to host domestic ceremonies.
114:, began in Japan during the early 20th century, popularized after the marriage of Crown Prince Yoshihito and his bride, Princess Kujo Sadako. The ceremony relies heavily on Shinto themes of purification, and involves ceremonial sake drinking of three cups three times, the
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Scholars suggest that the adoption of religious wedding ceremonies was driven by the decline of state-sponsored Shinto shrines during the 1880s. A rash of new ceremonies emerged in this period, including visits for newborns and on certain birthdays.
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to the altar, said to reflect gratitude to the spirits who blessed the union. The bride and groom follow with their own offering, then a representative from each family (often the fathers of the bride and groom). The rings are then presented.
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between the couple before they are married. The ceremony typically takes 20 to 30 minutes. Food items, including salt, water, rice, sake, fruit, and vegetables, are left at a ceremonial wedding altar, which also holds the wedding rings. A
188:
594:
In 1999, two gay men were married in a Shinto ceremony at
Kanamara Shrine in Kawasaki, but gay weddings have not been widespread in Shinto shrines, and the position of the Association of Shinto Shrines on gay weddings is vague.
232:. However, the groom can wear a Western-style business suit during the process. The bride will wear a number of layers of kimono, the outermost layer being the most formal. A bride will either wear a colourful
547:'s Izumo Grand Shrine hosted wedding ceremonies. These ceremonies, concentrated in Tokyo, were still limited to elites. Soon, wedding ceremonies were performed in more cities, starting in
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578:, who was often seen as a single god with an aspect or "Spirit" being offered to and invoked during weddings. This being was and is popularly thought to be
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is a homonym for "birth after birth," suggesting fertility symbolism. Still others suggest it represents man, woman, and child, or heaven, earth and man.
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is also derived in part from the dress of the samurai classes, but is instead solid white in colour, featuring only woven designs, also in white. Though
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In the 1950s, invoking a single "God of
Marriage" during weddings was common, as well as young girls and the bride and groom making offerings to the
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This period also saw the rise of the commercial wedding industry, which grew out of collaboratives that lent large venues for wedding ceremonies.
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is said to be worn to veil the bride's metaphorical horns of jealousy, ego and selfishness, and also to symbolize the bride's resolve to become a
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An illustration of the first contemporary Shinto wedding ceremony, the 1900 marriage of Crown Prince
Yoshihito and Princess Kujo Sadako.
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118:. Shinto weddings are in decline. Fewer Japanese people get married, and those who do often choose Western-style chapel ceremonies.
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are often red, white and black - all auspicious colours in Shinto - they may also feature other colours as part of their design.
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thinking about marriage, which had recently legally allowed for marriage to be a balanced partnership between husband and wife.
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wedding ceremony is typically a small affair, limited to family, while a reception is open to a larger group of friends.
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The couple approaches the altar, where the groom reads his vows while the bride listens. Reflecting a history of
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headdress, made from a rectangular piece of cloth, often white silk, which covers the high topknot of the
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more often reflect a
Christian wedding ceremony, regardless of the personal faith of the married couple.
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headdress, an all-white hood or cowl, may also be worn as the
Japanese equivalent to the Western bridal
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is a symbol of innocence and purity; it is worn only outside and only in accompaniment with the
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Fisch, Michael (2001). "The Rise of the
Wedding Chapel in Japan: Simulation and Performance".
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Ishii, Kenji (2006). "Shinzenkekkonshiki ni miru "ie" no henbou to kojin no shoushutsu".
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The priest will purify the shrine and call the attention of benevolent spirits, or
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Masahiko, Asoya (2006). "Shinto no kekkonkan ("Wedding
Parties in Shinto")".
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994:"Hybridity and distinctions in Japanese contemporary commercial weddings"
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are highly-formal kimono, designed to be worn over the actual kimono and
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949:(1st paperback print. ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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Essentials of Shinto : an analytical guide to principal teachings
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685:(1 ed.). New York: New York University Press. pp. 127–128.
454:, a hood worn outdoors by married women in samurai families from the
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148:," is a Shinto purification ritual that incorporates the exchange of
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746:(Updated and expanded ed.). North Clarendon, Vt.: Tuttle Pub.
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1091:"Does Japan's Conservative Shinto Religion Support Gay Marriage?"
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Etiquette guide to Japan know the rules that make the difference
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276:, a garment derived from the ostentatious over-kimono worn by
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828:(Pbk. ed.). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
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Brides may also wear one of two styles of headdress. The
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stands to the right of the altar, while a shrine maiden,
284:, is typically a colourful over-kimono, made of a heavy
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in 1900, one of the first ceremonies of its kind. The
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Marriage in
Changing Japan: Community & Society
543:in 1901. Later, shrines such as Ueno Shimotani and
462:, before it was taken up by younger women from the
934:. San Antonio: The Naylor Company. pp. 48–49.
932:Korean Adventure: The Inside Story of an Army Wife
539:The next Shinto wedding ceremony was performed at
493:from the occasional appearance of female dancers,
170:. Then, the priest announces the beginning of the
350:. The bride may change into a red kimono for the
66:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
826:Japanese women : constraint and fulfillment
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374:A bride at a Shinto wedding shows her wig and
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885:Japanese rainmaking and other folk practices
409:-style wig typically worn by the bride. The
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2445:Marriage, unions and partnerships in Japan
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288:fabric that may feature a woven design or
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883:Bownas, Geoffrey; Brown, Pauline (2013).
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354:events after the ceremony for good luck.
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563:After being stripped of its status as a
228:Shinto brides and grooms typically wear
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992:Goldstein-Gidoni, Ofra (1 April 2001).
819:
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195:A video depicting a full shinto wedding
1269:Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines
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1024:
1064:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
710:. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press.
7:
925:
923:
16:Religious wedding ceremony in Japan
1089:Fish, Isaac Stone (29 June 2015).
56:for transliterated languages, and
36:of its non-English content, using
14:
975:Meiji Shoutoku Kinen Gakkai Kiyou
742:De Mente, Boyé Lafayette (2009).
215:Within wedding prayers, the gods
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1097:. Foreign Policy. Archived from
144:, literally "wedding before the
23:
947:Shintō and the state, 1868–1988
505:The wedding of Prince Yoshihito
361:Japanese formal wedding kimono
296:in gold and silver thread. The
930:Vieman, Dorothy House (1951).
824:Lebra, Takie Sugiyama (1985).
586:Contemporary Japanese weddings
541:Tokyo's Hibiya Daijingu shrine
331:unfastened, and are typically
268:, lit. "white pure-innocence")
72:multilingual support templates
1:
1274:Association of Shinto Shrines
251:over-kimono, or a pure-white
112:, "Marriage before the kami")
102:Shinzen kekkon, Shinzenkekkon
2399:Wedding vow renewal ceremony
1018:UK public library membership
1014:via Oxford University Press
998:Social Science Japan Journal
706:Picken, Stuart D.B. (1994).
516:in a Shinto ceremony at the
683:Women in Japanese Religions
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130:A Shinto wedding ceremony.
1926:"Indian" Wedding Blessing
1546:Marriage proposal planner
1505:
1432:List of Shinto divinities
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1070:(1–2): 58, 64–65, 70–75.
488:Origins and early history
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2354:Maiden and married names
2280:United States and Canada
1452:Syncretism with Buddhism
945:Hardacre, Helen (1991).
681:Ambros, Barbara (2015).
417:gentle and obedient wife
1047:CS1 maint: postscript (
2192:Saint Thomas Christian
1254:List of Shinto shrines
849:Tamura, Naomi (2010).
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524:reflected a change in
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2374:Self-uniting marriage
1185:Practices and beliefs
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448:was adapted from the
436:, lit. "cotton hood")
401:, lit. "horn-hiding")
373:
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2430:Weddings by religion
1819:Wedding ring cushion
1346:Important literature
796:Hendry, Joy (2010).
472:it accompanies, the
70:. Knowledge (XXG)'s
34:specify the language
32:This article should
2425:Weddings by culture
2389:Wedding anniversary
2120:Pre-wedding customs
2022:Wedding cake topper
1996:Wedding videography
1986:Wedding photography
1956:Pounded rice ritual
1654:Western dress codes
1279:Shinto architecture
1101:on 21 December 2015
1011:10.1093/ssjj/4.1.21
605:Family law in Japan
217:Izanagi and Izanami
2323:Honeymoon registry
2080:Anand Karaj (Sikh)
1601:Stag and doe party
1596:Bachelorette party
1586:Wedding invitation
1447:Mythical creatures
1427:Glossary of Shinto
1264:Twenty-Two Shrines
1222:Japanese festivals
1178:WikiProject Shinto
852:The Japanese Bride
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466:onwards. Like the
412:bunkin takashimada
406:bunkin takashimada
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209:Japanese evergreen
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2404:Womanless wedding
2384:Knobstick wedding
2288:England and Wales
2012:Wedding breakfast
1991:Wedding reception
1931:Jumping the broom
1711:
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1689:Black lounge suit
1561:Banns of marriage
1551:Marriage proposal
1465:
1464:
1442:Japanese Buddhism
1422:Religion in Japan
1037:|postscript=
1034:External link in
1016:(subscription or
910:Heiwa to Shuukyou
559:Post-war weddings
352:wedding reception
344:traditional style
282:Meiji Restoration
280:women before the
270:over-kimono. The
201:arranged marriage
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116:nan-nan-san-ku-do
94:
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74:may also be used.
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2440:Culture of Japan
2394:Wedding crashing
2235:Vőfély (Hungary)
2207:Vőfély (Hungary)
1911:Bedding ceremony
1858:child bridegroom
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1606:Marriage license
1581:Engagement party
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1966:Trash the dress
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342:) dressed in a
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21:
20:
2328:Consummation
2196:
2110:Brunei Malay
2032:Groom's cake
2027:Cookie table
2017:Wedding cake
1971:Unity candle
1833:Participants
1824:Wishing well
1804:Wedding cord
1771:
1753:Opera gloves
1738:Evening gown
1726:Bridal crown
1721:Contemporary
1632:Gretna Green
1457:State Shinto
1401:
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1312:Ame no Uzume
1197:Ritual dance
1103:. Retrieved
1099:the original
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1027:cite journal
1004:(1): 21–38.
1001:
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198:
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133:
122:The ceremony
115:
96:
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82:
68:ISO 639 code
64:}}
58:{{
54:}}
48:{{
44:}}
38:{{
33:
2260:Philippines
2212:Zoroastrian
2071:By religion
1951:Polterabend
1941:Money dance
1921:First dance
1906:Ahesta Bero
1875:Flower girl
1846:child bride
1679:Semi-formal
1539:Pre-wedding
1520:Handfasting
1361:Nihon Shoki
1105:29 December
868:31 December
514:Kujo Sadako
2419:Categories
2222:By country
2073:or culture
2062:Place card
2057:Loving cup
1899:Traditions
1865:Bridesmaid
1853:Bridegroom
1556:Engagement
1510:Collective
1375:Rikkokushi
1307:Sarutahiko
1259:Ichinomiya
1212:Polytheism
616:References
580:Ōkuninushi
464:Edo period
380:headdress.
290:embroidery
2349:Elopement
2315:Honeymoon
2270:Sri Lanka
2095:Ayyavazhi
1890:Officiant
1880:Groomsman
1870:Bridesman
1794:Las arras
1748:Debutante
1743:Ball gown
1684:Black tie
1667:White tie
1637:Las Vegas
1620:Locations
1515:Elopement
1389:Kogo Shūi
1337:Tsukuyomi
1302:Amaterasu
1227:Mythology
1020:required)
526:Meiji-era
495:katsurame
481:shiromuku
475:wataboshi
469:shiromuku
456:Muromachi
445:wataboshi
423:wataboshi
364:shiromuku
320:shiromuku
299:shiromuku
255:shiromuku
2364:Newlywed
2293:Scotland
2255:Pakistan
2230:Ethiopia
2202:Timorese
2157:Mandaean
2127:Catholic
1936:Lychgate
1885:Page boy
1696:Informal
1646:Clothing
1525:Same-sex
1499:Weddings
1414:See also
1132:Religion
1076:30233676
981:: 95–98.
916:: 61–63.
599:See also
512:married
314:uchikake
305:uchikake
294:couching
273:uchikake
236:uchikake
2305:Vietnam
2298:history
2275:Ukraine
2240:Iceland
2182:Punjabi
2172:Persian
2142:Islamic
2115:Chinese
2052:Korovai
1961:Pyebaek
1789:Chuppah
1783:Objects
1765:Garters
1332:Susanoo
1327:Izanami
1322:Izanagi
1289:Deities
1217:Animism
1207:Liturgy
522:wedding
451:katsuki
339:katsura
286:brocade
278:samurai
177:san-san
77:See why
2435:Shinto
2265:Russia
2197:Shinto
2187:Quaker
2162:Mormon
2152:Jewish
2132:Hajong
1976:Walima
1773:Casual
1662:Formal
1403:Kujiki
1368:Fudoki
1354:Kojiki
1169:Shinto
1118:Portal
1074:
953:
891:
859:
832:
804:
750:
714:
689:
419:. The
230:kimono
205:nakodo
136:Shinto
2337:Other
2245:India
2137:Hindu
1946:Music
1841:Bride
1733:Dress
1530:White
1317:Inari
1072:JSTOR
553:Kyoto
549:Osaka
545:Tokyo
311:Both
2167:Odia
2147:Iyer
2090:Ayie
2085:Arab
1701:Suit
1192:Kami
1107:2015
1049:link
1042:help
951:ISBN
889:ISBN
870:2015
857:ISBN
830:ISBN
802:ISBN
748:ISBN
712:ISBN
687:ISBN
576:kami
551:and
440:veil
333:silk
317:and
292:and
245:打ち掛け
168:kami
160:Miko
150:sake
146:kami
109:神前結婚
41:lang
1006:doi
458:to
432:綿帽子
397:角隠し
327:obi
264:白無垢
61:IPA
2421::
1093:.
1068:28
1066:.
1031::
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1025:{{
1000:.
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816:^
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83:(
79:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
