175:
diameter at the ends of the inner slide tubes.) Positions 3 and 4 may be located by referring the player's right hand to the bell of the instrument. Each player "has a different way of visualizing where the positions of the slide trombone are in relation to each other" Positions, especially in the higher register, may need to be shortened or lengthened (sharpened or flattened) to play in tune. Lower-numbered (shorter) positions are closer together than higher-numbered ones. Positions six and seven are primarily useful in the lower part of the trombone's range.
35:
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in the "saddle" of the neck root. Similarly, higher positions on the violin make use of the instrument's "shoulder" (treble-side edge of the top's upper bout) as a touch reference. Some electric string instruments, without a traditionally shaped body, still incorporate a reference feature imitating that shoulder's shape.
174:
The trombone produces notes within its range by extending the main slide to different positions. In first position, the length of the bore is at its shortest; seventh position puts the slide at its furthest extension, at the edge of the inner slide's stockings. (These are sections of slightly greater
69:
With experience, string players become accustomed to the required shape and position of the left hand. Some positions are located relative to certain touch references, or landmarks on the instrument. For example, fourth position on the cello (used in the example below) has the player's thumb resting
105:(e.g., "3rd") or a roman numeral (e.g., "III. pos", "III. Pos", or just "III"). The string can be indicated by string name (e.g., "sul G") or by a roman number (counting from high to low pitches, e.g., "II" for the A string on a violin).
101:
number (1–4) on the first note after the shift. Additionally, the string or position may be indicated as well, following one of several notation conventions. The position can be indicated by
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Although the technique must have been known, based on the fingering and repertoire, treatises do not discuss explicitly it until the 19th century. Among the earliest appearances is the term
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66:, independent of position, is indicated by numbers, 1-4. Different positions on the same string are reached through shifting.
120:. Note the string change to A avoided through shifting and the string change to the G string: the A could have been played
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may be sounded either in position 1 or 4. As a result, trombonists often spend time studying a
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This article is about string instrument technique. For a change of modal frame, see
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The
Natural Classical Guitar: The Principles of Effortless Playing
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Some notes may be sounded at more than one position; for example,
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Possible string technique and notation demonstrated on a bit of "
781:
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recommends that one should 'be sparing of the operations called
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like the D and the entire line could have been in 1st position.
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is the relative location of the hand on the instrument's
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Whistler, "Introducing the positions for violin" (1944).
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100 Violin etudes, book 3 (edited by Eugene
Gruenberg)
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186:to determine how to approach a particular phrase.
322:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
282:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
408:
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219:Roman numerals above string instrument notes
662:Bowed string instrument extended technique
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401:
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74:Shifting and notation on bowed instruments
311:Boyden, David D. (2001). "DĂ©mancher". In
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912:Category:Musical performance techniques
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90:. When done skillfully shifting avoids
7:
271:Monosoff, Sonya (2001). "Shift". In
97:A shift is usually indicated by a
25:
907:
906:
1:
933:String performance techniques
114:Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
949:
259:School of Violin Technique
167:
26:
902:
614:Piano extended techniques
851:Extended vocal technique
654:Bowed string instruments
325:(2nd ed.). London:
285:(2nd ed.). London:
78:On a string instrument,
221:. Stackexchange (2017).
125:
43:
377:"FAQ: Slide position"
350:Ryan, Lee F. (1991).
132:(lit. "to shift") in
111:
37:
808:Snare drum technique
629:Three-hand technique
327:Macmillan Publishers
287:Macmillan Publishers
576:Harmonica technique
551:Saxophone technique
468:Finger substitution
375:(26 August 2009) .
556:Circular breathing
458:Extended technique
424:Musical techniques
170:Trombone technique
126:
44:
920:
919:
336:978-1-56159-239-5
296:978-1-56159-239-5
164:Trombone position
48:string instrument
16:(Redirected from
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910:
909:
887:Related articles
866:Overtone singing
667:Violin technique
566:Flutter-tonguing
543:Wind instruments
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160:and shifting'."
150:classical guitar
148:In reference to
138:L'école d'Orphée
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140:(Paris, 1738).
134:Michel Corrette
116:", played on a
103:ordinal numbers
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60:ordinal numbers
58:, indicated by
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255:Ĺ evÄŤĂk, Otakar
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201:Thumb position
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40:First Position
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586:Slap tonguing
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360:0-933224-50-8
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317:Tyrrell, John
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277:Tyrrell, John
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62:(e.g., 3rd).
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
36:
30:
29:Level (music)
19:
18:Shift (music)
877:Sprechgesang
875:
828:Stevens grip
818:Cymbal choke
767:Third bridge
687:BartĂłk pizz.
639:String piano
518:Stopped note
507:
438:Articulation
380:. Retrieved
367:
351:
346:
320:
306:
280:
266:
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226:
214:
196:Stopped note
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154:Fernando Sor
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96:
92:string noise
83:
79:
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68:
51:
45:
39:
861:Death growl
843:Human voice
813:Burton grip
742:Flatpicking
737:Fingerstyle
732:Downpicking
699:Free bowing
581:Overblowing
493:Multiphonic
453:Double stop
382:30 December
373:Douglas Yeo
856:Beatboxing
800:Percussion
644:Tack piano
591:Split tone
561:Embouchure
488:Intonation
168:See also:
42:Fingerings
871:Screaming
823:Drum roll
694:Col legno
682:Pizzicato
677:Bariolage
503:Pizzicato
483:Harmonics
478:Glissando
463:Fingering
240:Hans Sitt
130:démancher
99:fingering
64:Fingering
927:Category
714:Two bows
709:Spiccato
596:Tonguing
571:Growling
513:Slapping
508:Position
498:Phrasing
354:, p.73.
319:(eds.).
279:(eds.).
190:See also
80:shifting
52:position
833:Rimshot
762:Tambour
747:Picking
704:Martelé
624:Luthéal
533:Vibrato
528:Tremolo
448:Damping
431:General
207:Sources
158:barring
82:, or a
38:Violin
724:Guitar
443:Bowing
358:
333:
293:
261:(1881)
144:Guitar
88:string
894:Étude
606:Piano
118:cello
84:shift
46:On a
782:Harp
384:2011
356:ISBN
331:ISBN
291:ISBN
184:part
122:open
56:neck
152:, "
136:'s
929::
329:.
315:;
289:.
275:;
257:,
242:,
180:D4
94:.
50:,
416:e
409:t
402:v
386:.
362:.
341:‎
339:.
301:‎
299:.
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
