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73:
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624:. In recent years the shore has been receding at an average rate of up to 10 feet (3.3 m) per year. Although a series of barricades has been put up to protect the village, the shore has continued to erode at an alarming rate. The Army Corps of Engineers has built a series of walls but none have been completely effective against waves. The town's homes, water system and infrastructure are being undermined. Currently, Shishmaref has obtained funds to construct seawalls that protect some of the shoreline.
86:
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organizations, is seeking federal, state and private funding for a move elsewhere. The cost of moving
Shishmaref is estimated at $ 180 million, nearly $ 320,000 per resident. The village was told by the Obama administration that no federal money was available, therefore tensions arose in 2013 when John Kerry announced Vietnam would receive $ 17 million to deal with climate change.
1080:
The clinic utilizes NSHC's electronic medical record system, as well as other modern technologies including video teleconferencing and remote medication dispensing, in order to provide quality care to its patients. Healthcare providers of various specialties also routinely visit the clinic to provide additional services, screenings, and chronic disease state management.
93:
635:
Residents voted on town relocation several times, as early as 1975 and then in 2002 which approved it. On August 16, 2016, the village voted to move the town to the mainland. The town's residents prefer to think of the move to the mainland as an "expansion" rather than a "relocation", but although a
1079:
Local healthcare services are provided by the
Katherine Miksruag Olanna Health Clinic, a member of the Norton Sound Health Corporation (NSHC) based in Nome, AK. Certified health aides provide general services including lab work, vaccinations, health screenings, and treatment of acute health issues.
953:
In the city, the population was spread out, with 40.9% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 12.6% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over,
949:
living together, 19.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.96 and the average family size was 4.59.
627:
The village had plans to relocate several miles to the south, on the mainland to the Tin Creek site. However, Tin Creek proved unsuitable for long term settlement due to melting permafrost in the area. The
Shishmaref Erosion and Relocation Coalition, made up of the city, the IRA Council and other
595:
Sarichef Island (on which
Shishmaref is located) is part of a dynamic, 100 km-long barrier island chain that records human and environmental history spanning the past 2000 years; the oldest subaerial evidence for the formation of this system is about 1700 years before present, according to
631:
Erosion rates along the island front exceed (and are not comparable with) those along adjacent sectors. Erosion is occurring along the entire island chain, but it is exacerbated at
Sarichef Island in part because of the hydrographic impacts of hard armoring of a sandy shoreface and permafrost
921:
of 2000, there were 562 people, 142 households, and 110 families residing in the city. The population density was 202.0 inhabitants per square mile (78.0/km). There were 148 housing units at an average density of 53.2 per square mile (20.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.24%
596:
carbon 14 dating (see
References, below). Erosion at Shishmaref is unique along the islands because of its fetch exposure and high tidal prism, relatively intense infrastructure development during the 20th century, and multiple shoreline defense structures built beginning in the 1970s.
1388:
Jordan, J.W., 1989. Rhythmic berm ridge deposition on the coastal barriersof northern Seward
Peninsula, Alaska. In: Coastal Sediment Mobility;Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Coastal Sedimentology, W.F. Tanner ed., Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee.
985:
There are three main roads, Main Street-Airport Road, Housing Trail and Clinic Road. Roads are not paved but have street lighting and do not connect to the outside beyond
Shishmaref. Vehicles are mostly ATVs with a few private vehicles and dirt motorcycles.
977:. Shishmaref School is the only school in town and serves grades Pre-K through 12 with a population of 183 students and 33 pre-school children. There are 19 teachers at Shishmaref School and is the largest and newest building in settlement.
1398:
Jordan, J.W., 1987. Erosion characteristics and retreat rates along the north coast of Seward
Peninsula. Chapter 7, In: Bering Land Bridge National Preserve: an Archeological Survey, J. Schaaf ed., National Park Service, Alaska Region,
1227:
1162:
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2039:
538:‘(son of) marine’. The name was assigned in 1821 to a nearby inlet by explorer Otto von Kotzebue of the Russian Imperial Marine, in honor of a member of his expedition, the commander
957:
The median income for a household in the city was $ 30,714, and the median income for a family was $ 29,306. Males had a median income of $ 35,357 versus $ 25,000 for females. The
694:
Shishmaref is known for its Native art. Local artists carve sculptures from whalebone and walrus ivory, that are much sought after by galleries in Alaska and the Lower 48 states.
577:, the city has a total area of 7.3 square miles (19 km), of which, 2.8 square miles (7.3 km) of it is land and 4.5 square miles (12 km) of it (61.62%) is water.
1766:
1003:
Houses in
Shishmaref are pre-fabricated and mostly single story. Construction material is mostly wood board and sometimes metal. The homes are often damaged from erosion.
2044:
1634:
1379:
Jordan, J.W., and O.K. Mason, 1999. A 5000 year record of intertidal peat stratigraphy and sea- level change from northwest Alaska. Quaternary International 60:37-47
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is the only means of connecting the town to the rest of Alaska. The airport replaced an earlier airport which is now occupied by housing near the lagoon.
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Residents rely heavily on a subsistence lifestyle, that is, hunting and gathering much of their food. Primary food sources include sea mammals such as
632:
degradation that is accelerated by infrastructure. Residents are experiencing the effects of coastal retreat on residential and commercial properties.
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village. Researchers, journalists and the occasional tourist visit Shishmaref, and the city has acquired a reputation for being a gracious host.
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Some residents will travel by wood vessels around Sarichef Island and a barge delivers goods and materials to Shishmaref when it is ice free.
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Policing is provided by Shishmaref Police Department and fire services are provided by Shishmaref Volunteer Fire Department.
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upon Shishmaref is sometimes seen as the most dramatic in the world. Rising temperatures have resulted in a reduction in the
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was selected in 2016, there’s still a lot of planning and research to be done before that can be determined viable.
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Shishmaref first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village. It formally incorporated in 1969.
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A Dutch multimediaproject in progress on the consequences of climate change to the social life of the villagers
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Tip of the iceberg : my 3,000-mile journey around wild Alaska, the last great American frontier
1971:
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for the city was $ 10,487. About 16.2% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the
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that the village is built on has also begun to melt, making the shore even more vulnerable to
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Of the 142 households, 52.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.6% were
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492:
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Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data
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1613:"Alaska Village Electric Cooperative | Shishmaref – Crowley barge making delivery"
1441:"Leaving Their Ancestral Home: Alaska Village Votes to Move Due to Climate Change"
1285:
613:
496:
235:
217:
1690:"Moving the Village" - an audio documentary about Shishmaref and Climate Change
656:
Sometimes referred to as "the friendliest village in Alaska," Shishmaref is an
1938:
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617:
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698:(1911–2001), a prominent Iñupiaq sculptor and draftsman lived in Shishmaref.
132:
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687:. The village is well known in the region for its high-quality seal oil and
301:
965:, including 21.2% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.
1635:"Arctic Shishmaref home lost to erosion – Alaska Conservation Foundation"
946:
335:
1726:
1469:"Amid an Erosion Crisis, Shishmaref Takes Small Steps Toward Expansion"
680:
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1410:"Human and Economic Indicators - Village of Shishmaref, North Alaska"
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672:
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201:
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Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development
1163:
Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development
701:
Shishmaref was home to one of Alaska's most-beloved dog mushers.
1684:
705:(1929–2006), known as the "Shishmaref Cannonball," finished the
1748:
1311:
Field Notes from a Catastrophe: Man, Nature, and Climate Change
1221:"Alaska Taxable 2011: Municipal Taxation - Rates and Policies"
503:
and five miles from the mainland. Shishmaref lies within the
1882:
420:
414:
561:‘waters of Qikiqtaq’, shown in the map of the area in the
408:
402:
1561:
557:) means ‘island’. The water to the south of it is called
405:
2040:
Populated coastal places in Alaska on the Arctic Ocean
1697:"Climate change threatens life in Shishmaref, Alaska"
1125:. Juneau: Alaska Municipal League. 2015. p. 147.
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Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs
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1737:is available for free viewing and download at the
1681:Arctic Change: Village of Shishmaref, North Alaska
1275:Michael Arvaarluk Kusugak, Vancouver Island, 2020.
709:numerous times, including a second-place finish.
1226:. Division of Community and Regional Affairs,
1161:. Division of Community and Regional Affairs,
652:Women from the village of Shishmaref, c. 1970s
1760:
1261:Webster, Donald H.; Zibell, Wilfried (1970).
1181:
1179:
1058:Bingo Hall - near Main Street and Clinic Road
1007:Local businesses and other places of interest
580:Shishmaref was named in 1821 by explorer Lt.
461:
43:
28:
8:
1883:
1587:"Shishmaref School - OpenContent Curriculum"
1767:
1753:
1745:
1365:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
942:of any race were 0.53% of the population.
716:
20:
1123:2015 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory
1101:1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory
2045:Populated places in the Seward Peninsula
1439:Thorbecke, Catherine (August 18, 2016).
1251:, Oxford, 1972, Oxford University Press.
592:who accompanied him on his exploration.
1092:
1061:Shishmaref Lutheran Church and Cemetery
612:which serves to buffer Shishmaref from
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934:, and 1.42% from two or more races.
530:‘fat’, but there is also Old Russian
519:Shishmaryov is probably a variant of
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7:
563:Bering Land Bridge National Preserve
505:Bering Land Bridge National Preserve
267:4.93 sq mi (12.76 km)
251:7.27 sq mi (18.82 km)
1713:"Tragedy of a village built on ice"
1695:John D. Sutter (December 3, 2009).
1467:Emily Hofstaedter (June 28, 2019).
259:2.34 sq mi (6.06 km)
2035:Cities in Nome Census Area, Alaska
1775:Municipalities and communities of
1540:"Census of Population and Housing"
1265:. Summer Institute of Linguistics.
726:
92:
14:
1711:John D. Sutter (March 29, 2017).
507:. The population was 563 at the
1660:
395:
91:
84:
71:
1286:"Sea engulfing Alaskan village"
1230:. January 2012. Archived from
1:
1139:. United States Census Bureau
975:Bering Strait School District
18:City in Alaska, United States
1333:Adams, Mark (May 15, 2018).
1111:. January 1996. p. 142.
973:Shishmaref is served by the
707:Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race
636:site on the mainland called
296:246.26/sq mi (95.08/km)
1566:United States Census Bureau
1195:United States Census Bureau
1137:"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"
1067:Bulk Fuel Tank - city owned
575:United States Census Bureau
542:(Глеб Семёнович Шишмарёв).
2066:
1515:"George Twok Aden Ahgupuk"
1107:: Alaska Municipal League/
1990:
1880:
1676:The History of Shishmaref
1263:Iñupiat Eskimo Dictionary
1187:"Shishmaref city, Alaska"
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1778:Nome Census Area, Alaska
954:there were 121.3 males.
616:. At the same time, the
1036:Shishmaref Native Store
675:, fish, birds (such as
511:, up from 562 in 2000.
1888:
1645:on September 18, 2011.
1639:alaskaconservation.org
1337:. New York, New York.
1039:Nayokpuk General Store
653:
444:
133:66.25556°N 166.07222°W
29:
1886:
1562:"U.S. Census website"
1494:National Park Service
908:U.S. Decennial Census
718:Historical population
651:
606:global climate change
586:Imperial Russian Navy
319: • Summer (
275:16 ft (5 m)
2003:United States portal
1887:Nome Census Area map
1734:ALASKAN SCOUT (1963)
1420:on November 15, 2004
1201:on February 12, 2020
671:), other seals, and
638:West Tin-Creek Hills
499:, just north of the
472:[ʂɨʂmɐˈrʲɵf]
293: • Density
138:66.25556; -166.07222
1972:Pilgrim Hot Springs
1247:Boris O. Unbegaun:
719:
696:George Aden Ahgupuk
540:Gleb S. Shishmaryov
534:‘rogue, knave’ and
491:. It is located on
129: /
1889:
1716:(Video & Text)
1700:(Video & Text)
1623:on March 31, 2017.
1476:KNOM Radio Mission
1237:on April 25, 2013.
993:Shishmaref Airport
717:
654:
588:, after Capt. Lt.
453:[qixiqtaq]
285: • Total
264: • Water
248: • Total
105:Location in Alaska
2012:
2011:
1472:(Audio with Text)
1319:978-1-59691-130-7
1055:Friendship Center
1026:Shishmaref School
959:per capita income
912:
911:
582:Otto von Kotzebue
573:According to the
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256: • Land
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2030:Cities in Alaska
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114:Coordinates:
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1967:Mary's Igloo
1848:
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1542:. Census.gov
1534:
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1493:
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1023:City Offices
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963:poverty line
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713:Demographics
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669:bearded seal
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614:storm surges
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526:from Turkic
523:
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218:Donald Olson
186:Incorporated
15:
2025:Chukchi Sea
1962:King Island
1939:Ghost towns
1916:communities
1834:St. Michael
1571:January 31,
1524:December 1,
1389:pp.137-150.
1205:January 23,
1168:January 23,
1143:October 29,
1020:New Airport
509:2010 census
497:Chukchi Sea
236:Neal Foster
174:Census Area
136: /
124:166°04′20″W
2019:Categories
1864:Unalakleet
1849:Shishmaref
1844:Shaktoolik
1452:August 18,
1399:Anchorage.
1353:1021063881
1087:References
1042:Washeteria
1012:Government
917:As of the
618:permafrost
553:(formally
524:Shyshmánov
391:Shishmaref
375:feature ID
280:Population
231:State rep.
206:Donna Barr
195:Government
121:66°15′20″N
99:Shishmaref
25:Shishmaref
1361:cite book
1296:March 27,
969:Education
930:), 5.34%
677:ptarmigan
584:, of the
569:Geography
515:Etymology
348:Area code
302:Time zone
272:Elevation
1977:Tin City
1854:Stebbins
1839:Savoonga
1617:avec.org
1499:April 8,
1446:ABC News
1424:June 19,
1313:, 2006,
1290:BBC News
1075:Services
1050:Services
1031:Business
936:Hispanic
926:(mainly
555:Ḳigiḳtaḳ
551:Qigiqtaq
463:Шишмарёв
458:Kigiqtaq
445:Qigiqtaq
366:02-69770
336:ZIP code
45:Шишмарёв
30:Qigiqtaq
1957:Dickson
1952:Council
1929:Solomon
1924:Haycock
1819:Golovin
1814:Gambell
1804:Diomede
1546:June 4,
1045:Tannery
999:Housing
928:Inupiat
681:caribou
658:Iñupiaq
644:Culture
622:erosion
610:sea ice
545:In the
521:Russian
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479:in the
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383:2418855
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1859:Teller
1791:Cities
1519:AskArt
1351:
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1105:Juneau
940:Latino
919:census
798:−24.5%
723:Census
673:walrus
536:Maréev
528:šyšman
485:Alaska
330:(AKDT)
167:Alaska
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1947:Bluff
1869:Wales
1824:Koyuk
1235:(PDF)
1224:(PDF)
932:White
873:23.2%
858:15.7%
843:47.6%
828:23.0%
813:11.9%
783:15.2%
768:70.2%
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665:ugruk
434:SHISH
341:99772
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307:UTC-9
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162:State
1982:York
1829:Nome
1809:Elim
1685:NOAA
1599:2013
1573:2008
1548:2015
1526:2020
1501:2017
1454:2016
1426:2023
1414:NOAA
1367:link
1349:OCLC
1339:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1298:2010
1207:2013
1170:2013
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894:2020
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449:IPA:
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