22:
1504:
351:. The Zhou script characters have been described as generally symmetrical and balanced, and are generally more complex than the later seal characters. They contain many swirls and circles in place of later squared or rectilinear forms.
1391:
942:
597:
561:, translated by Mattos, Gilbert L.; Norman, Jerry, Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China and The Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California,
1331:
1321:
1199:
1361:
535:
590:
566:
545:
522:
1371:
1311:
1401:
204:'to study and understand the meaning of books', 'to read', and concluded the dictionary title was likely taken from the first sentence
500:
1341:
310:) may refer to the title given to students in ancient times who could recite 9,000 characters, with the title thus translated as "
583:
248:
1531:
1526:
1507:
1351:
100:
dictionary, which was probably compiled sometime between 700 BCE to 200 BCE, originally consisted of 15 chapters (
997:
1232:
116:
88: – 221 BCE). The text is no longer fully extant, and it is now known only through fragments.
1276:
1243:
493:
Research on the Qin
Lineage of Writing: An Examination from the Perspective of the History of Chinese Writing
1381:
1295:
112:
78:
1455:
1179:
975:
40:
575:
1043:
1484:
964:
860:
610:
606:
62:
115:(25–56 CE) and the other nine chapters, except for scattered references, were lost by the
1445:
871:
849:
838:
805:
562:
541:
518:
496:
70:
66:
36:
1465:
1254:
1142:
134:
54:
184:
characters did not match inscriptions from the
Western Zhou period. Wang also doubted that
1221:
1065:
1012:
986:
882:
510:
278:
195:
509:
Creamer, Thomas B. I. (1992), "Lexicography and the history of the
Chinese language", in
294:) does not refer to a person, but means 'read' or 'chant'. The lexicographer Liu Yeqiu (
1188:
893:
1520:
750:
695:
531:
347:
273:
540:, Budapest monographs in East Asian Studies, vol. 1, Eötvös Loránd University,
1164:
1153:
1131:
1120:
177:
138:
74:
1109:
1475:
827:
772:
673:
342:
173:
154:
21:
537:
Orthography of early
Chinese writing: evidence from newly excavated manuscripts
127:
Until recently, it was thought that the dictionary title referred to Shi Zhou (
244:
728:
684:
554:
1076:
1021:
162:
149:
1098:
1054:
783:
717:
706:
337:) refers to approximately 220 examples of ancient characters from the
1421:
1032:
931:
761:
1087:
953:
816:
739:
20:
794:
655:
579:
281:
mentioned a
Historian Liu from the correct historical period.
73:(827–782 BCE), but many modern scholars assign it to the
377:
375:
1392:
Lin Yutang's
Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage
243:
chapter on "Notable
Persons Past and Present". In the
332:
165:
record that King Xuan's historian Zhou compiled the
106:
69:. The work was traditionally dated to the reign of
1437:
1414:
1303:
1294:
1268:
1213:
1178:
1011:
907:
624:
617:
418:
416:
414:
176:(1877–1927) disputed this traditional account with
943:Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
223:; 1901–1979) hypothetically identified Shi Zhou (
43:(top left), and Zhou script (bottom left) forms.
233:contexts, with the differently named Shi Liu (
1332:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
591:
327:
305:
295:
289:
266:
256:
234:
224:
218:
209:
199:
189:
180:evidence that the structure and style of the
128:
101:
30:
8:
214:, "the Grand Historian reads the records").
1200:Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects
277:tripodal cauldron in the collection of the
1503:
1411:
1300:
621:
598:
584:
576:
141:King Xuan (r. 827–782 BCE). Both the
1322:Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary
393:
381:
359:
515:History, Languages, and Lexicographers
495:] (in Chinese), Academia Sinica,
111:), but six were lost by the reign of
7:
1372:Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese
1312:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
458:
434:
1362:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
470:
422:
405:
366:
14:
251:these two words were pronounced *
65:, and was written in the ancient
1502:
1402:ABC Chinese–English Dictionary
920:
915:
911:
633:
517:, Niemeyer, pp. 105–135,
200:
1:
662:
487:Chen Zhaorong (陳昭容) (2003),
284:Modern scholars believe that
142:
82:
1508:List of Chinese dictionaries
1352:The Five Thousand Dictionary
1342:A Chinese–English Dictionary
998:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian
333:
249:Old Chinese reconstructions
229:), who is only recorded in
107:
1548:
1233:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying)
300:) suggested that the word
198:, interpreting it to mean
133:, who allegedly served as
16:Ancient Chinese dictionary
1500:
1277:Zhongguo Renming Dacidian
628:
328:
306:
296:
290:
267:
257:
235:
225:
219:
210:
190:
129:
102:
58:
31:
1244:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)
488:
1382:Grammata Serica Recensa
341:that are quoted in the
217:The linguist Tang Lan (
1450:(Tangut; 12th century)
650:(first millennium BCE)
113:Emperor Guangwu of Han
44:
666: 3rd century BC
345:character dictionary
314:(Reciters') Chants".
117:Jin dynasty (266–420)
79:Warring States period
61:) is the first known
35:'child', showing the
24:
1532:Chinese dictionaries
1456:Pentaglot Dictionary
976:Xiandai Hanyu Cidian
158:and the 121 CE
1527:Chinese calligraphy
1044:Kanmiu Buque Qieyun
396:, pp. 154–155.
1485:Han-Han Dae Sajeon
1438:In other languages
965:Zhongwen Da Cidian
861:Zhonghua Da Zidian
611:Chinese characters
609:for scripts using
63:Chinese dictionary
45:
1514:
1513:
1496:
1495:
1446:Pearl in the Palm
1433:
1432:
1290:
1289:
1126:(c. 12th century)
872:Xinhua Dictionary
850:Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
839:Kangxi Dictionary
800:(c. 11th century)
568:978-1-557-29071-7
547:978-9-634-63811-7
524:978-3-484-30941-8
461:, pp. 17–19.
408:, pp. 72–77.
194:) was a person's
152:" chapter of the
146: 78 CE
71:King Xuan of Zhou
67:Large seal script
37:small seal script
1539:
1506:
1505:
1489:
1481:
1471:
1470:(Japanese; 1960)
1466:Dai Kan-Wa Jiten
1461:
1451:
1426:
1412:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1347:
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1327:
1317:
1301:
1283:
1261:
1255:Longkan Shoujian
1250:
1239:
1228:
1206:
1195:
1194:(c. 1st century)
1171:
1160:
1149:
1143:Zhongyuan Yinyun
1138:
1127:
1116:
1105:
1094:
1083:
1072:
1061:
1050:
1039:
1028:
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917:
913:
900:
889:
878:
867:
856:
845:
834:
823:
812:
801:
790:
779:
778:(c. 7th century)
768:
757:
756:(c. 4th century)
746:
735:
724:
713:
702:
691:
680:
669:
667:
664:
651:
635:
630:
622:
600:
593:
586:
577:
571:
550:
527:
511:Zgusta, Ladislav
505:
489:秦系文字研究：从漢字史的角度考察
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
438:
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370:
364:
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331:
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309:
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270:
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259:
239:) listed in the
238:
237:
228:
227:
222:
221:
213:
212:
203:
202:
193:
192:
172:The philologist
147:
144:
137:in the court of
132:
131:
110:
105:
104:
87:
84:
60:
34:
33:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
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1538:
1537:
1536:
1517:
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1515:
1510:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1429:
1424:
1410:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1304:Chinese–English
1286:
1281:
1264:
1259:
1248:
1237:
1226:
1222:Jingdian Shiwen
1209:
1204:
1193:
1174:
1169:
1158:
1147:
1136:
1125:
1114:
1103:
1092:
1081:
1070:
1066:Yunhai jingyuan
1059:
1048:
1037:
1026:
1007:
1002:
991:
987:Hanyu Da Cidian
980:
969:
958:
947:
936:
909:
903:
898:
887:
883:Hanyu Da Zidian
876:
865:
854:
843:
832:
821:
810:
799:
788:
777:
766:
755:
744:
733:
722:
711:
700:
689:
678:
665:
660:
649:
626:
613:
604:
574:
569:
559:Chinese Writing
555:Qiu Xigui (裘锡圭)
553:
548:
530:
525:
508:
503:
490:
486:
482:
477:
469:
465:
457:
453:
449:pp. 1677, 1259.
447:Hànyǔ Dà Zìdiǎn
445:
441:
433:
429:
421:
412:
404:
400:
392:
388:
380:
373:
365:
361:
357:
320:
279:Shanghai Museum
145:
135:Grand Historian
125:
94:
85:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1545:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1480:(French; 2001)
1476:Le Grand Ricci
1472:
1462:
1460:(Manchu; 1794)
1452:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1409:
1408:
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1378:
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1210:
1208:
1207:
1196:
1184:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1159:(17th century)
1150:
1139:
1137:(14th century)
1128:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
994:
983:
972:
961:
950:
939:
927:
925:
905:
904:
902:
901:
894:Zhonghua Zihai
890:
879:
868:
857:
846:
835:
824:
813:
802:
791:
780:
769:
758:
747:
736:
725:
714:
703:
692:
681:
670:
652:
640:
638:
619:
615:
614:
605:
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602:
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573:
572:
567:
551:
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532:Galambos, Imre
528:
523:
506:
501:
483:
481:
478:
476:
475:
463:
451:
439:
427:
410:
398:
386:
384:, p. 111.
371:
358:
356:
353:
319:
316:
271:). An ancient
206:Taishi zhoushu
124:
121:
93:
90:
41:ancient script
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1544:
1533:
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1525:
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1234:
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1224:
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1191:
1190:
1186:
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1177:
1167:
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1156:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:(before 1161)
1112:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1000:
999:
995:
989:
988:
984:
978:
977:
973:
967:
966:
962:
956:
955:
951:
945:
944:
940:
934:
933:
929:
928:
926:
923:
906:
896:
895:
891:
885:
884:
880:
874:
873:
869:
863:
862:
858:
852:
851:
847:
841:
840:
836:
830:
829:
825:
819:
818:
814:
808:
807:
803:
797:
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792:
786:
785:
781:
775:
774:
770:
764:
763:
759:
753:
752:
748:
742:
741:
737:
734:(3rd century)
731:
730:
726:
720:
719:
715:
709:
708:
704:
701:(2nd century)
698:
697:
696:Shuowen Jiezi
693:
687:
686:
682:
676:
675:
671:
658:
657:
653:
647:
646:
642:
641:
639:
636:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
601:
596:
594:
589:
587:
582:
581:
578:
570:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
543:
539:
538:
533:
529:
526:
520:
516:
512:
507:
504:
502:957-6-71995-X
498:
494:
485:
484:
479:
473:, p. 72.
472:
467:
464:
460:
455:
452:
448:
443:
440:
437:, p. 17.
436:
431:
428:
425:, p. 74.
424:
419:
417:
415:
411:
407:
402:
399:
395:
394:Galambos 2006
390:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
369:, p. 73.
368:
363:
360:
354:
352:
350:
349:
348:Shuowen Jiezi
344:
340:
335:
325:
317:
315:
313:
303:
287:
282:
280:
276:
275:
264:
254:
250:
246:
242:
232:
215:
207:
197:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
161:
160:Shuowen Jiezi
157:
156:
151:
140:
136:
122:
120:
118:
114:
109:
99:
91:
89:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
56:
52:
51:
42:
39:(top right),
38:
28:
27:Shuowen Jiezi
23:
19:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1275:
1269:Biographical
1253:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1198:
1187:
1165:Peiwen Yunfu
1163:
1154:Qi Lin Bayin
1152:
1141:
1132:Menggu Ziyun
1130:
1121:Pingshui Yun
1119:
1108:
1097:
1086:
1075:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1020:
996:
985:
974:
963:
952:
941:
930:
919:
892:
881:
870:
859:
848:
837:
826:
815:
804:
793:
782:
771:
760:
749:
738:
727:
716:
705:
694:
683:
672:
654:
644:
643:
632:
607:Dictionaries
558:
536:
514:
492:
466:
454:
446:
442:
430:
401:
389:
382:Creamer 1992
362:
346:
338:
323:
321:
311:
301:
285:
283:
272:
262:
252:
240:
230:
216:
205:
185:
181:
178:epigraphical
171:
166:
159:
153:
139:Western Zhou
126:
97:
95:
75:state of Qin
49:
48:
46:
26:
18:
1247:一切經音義 (慧琳)
1236:一切經音義 (玄英)
828:Zhengzitong
773:Ganlu Zishu
679:(c. 220 BC)
674:Cangjiepian
645:Shizhoupian
618:Monolingual
343:Han dynasty
339:Shizhoupian
324:Zhou script
318:Zhou script
241:Book of Han
231:Shizhoupian
182:Shizhoupian
174:Wang Guowei
167:Shizhoupian
155:Book of Han
98:Shizhoupian
50:Shizhoupian
1521:Categories
1214:Exegetical
1203:現代漢語方言大詞典
690:(c. 40 BC)
625:Characters
355:References
247:system of
245:Zhengzhang
86: 475
29:entry for
1296:Bilingual
1180:Varieties
1110:Qiyin lüe
1001:现代汉语规范词典
729:Xiao Erya
685:Jijiupian
557:(2000) ,
459:Chen 2003
435:Chen 2003
322:The term
1488:(Korean)
1280:中國人名大辭典
1249:(c. 807)
1238:(c. 649)
1227:(c. 583)
1077:Guangyun
1027:(c. 230)
1022:Shenglei
946:教育部國語辭典
767:(c. 543)
745:(c. 350)
723:(c. 230)
712:(c. 200)
534:(2006),
471:Qiu 2000
423:Qiu 2000
406:Qiu 2000
367:Qiu 2000
163:postface
150:Yiwenzhi
1189:Fangyan
1099:Yunjing
1055:Tangyun
1047:刊謬補缺切韻
979:现代汉语词典
784:Leipian
718:Guangya
707:Shiming
513:(ed.),
480:Sources
334:zhòuwén
261:) and *
196:surname
92:History
77:in the
55:Chinese
1425:(1997)
1422:CEDICT
1415:Online
1406:(1996)
1396:(1972)
1386:(1957)
1376:(1947)
1366:(1931)
1356:(1926)
1346:(1892)
1336:(1874)
1326:(1842)
1316:(1823)
1282:(1921)
1205:(2002)
1170:(1711)
1148:(1324)
1104:(1161)
1093:(1037)
1082:(1008)
1033:Qieyun
1003:(2004)
992:(1994)
990:漢語大詞典
981:(1978)
970:(1968)
968:中文大辭典
959:(1938)
948:(1926)
937:(1915)
932:Ciyuan
899:(1994)
888:(1989)
886:漢語大字典
877:(1957)
866:(1915)
864:中華大字典
855:(1815)
853:說文解字注
844:(1716)
833:(1627)
822:(1615)
811:(1254)
806:Zitong
789:(1066)
762:Yupian
751:Ziyuan
565:
544:
521:
499:
253:l'ɯwɢs
57::
1260:(997)
1258:龍龕手鑒
1225:經典釋文
1168:佩文韻府
1157:戚林八音
1146:中原音韻
1135:蒙古字韻
1088:Jiyun
1071:(780)
1069:韻海鏡源
1060:(732)
1049:(706)
1038:(601)
954:Cihai
908:Words
897:中华字海
875:新华字典
842:康熙字典
817:Zihui
776:干祿字書
740:Zilin
699:說文解字
491:[
123:Title
1124:平水韻
1113:七音略
1013:Rime
831:正字通
795:Piya
732:小爾雅
688:急就篇
677:倉頡篇
656:Erya
648:史籀篇
563:ISBN
542:ISBN
519:ISBN
497:ISBN
286:zhou
274:ding
263:m·ru
211:太史籀書
186:zhòu
108:piān
96:The
47:The
25:The
1192:方言
1102:韻鏡
1091:集韻
1080:廣韻
1058:唐韻
1036:切韻
1025:聲類
957:辭海
935:辭源
820:字彙
809:字通
798:埤雅
787:類篇
765:玉篇
754:字苑
743:字林
721:廣雅
710:釋名
659:爾雅
312:Shi
302:shi
297:劉叶秋
59:史籀篇
1523::
921:cí
918:;
663:c.
634:zì
631:;
413:^
374:^
329:籀文
236:史留
226:史籀
220:唐蘭
169:.
143:c.
130:史籀
119:.
83:c.
924:)
916:词
914:／
912:詞
910:(
668:)
661:(
637:)
629:字
627:(
599:e
592:t
585:v
326:(
307:史
304:(
291:籀
288:(
268:劉
265:(
258:籀
255:(
208:(
201:讀
191:籀
188:(
148:"
103:篇
81:(
53:(
32:子
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