268:. In fact, this is a goal of many undersea weapon systems. The magnitude of an explosion's effects have been shown through empirical and theoretical analyses to be related to the size of the explosive charge, the distance of the charge from the target, and the angular relationship of the hull to the shock wave.
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The idea behind the shock factor is that an explosion close to a ship generates a shock wave that can impart sudden vertical motions to a ship's hull and internal systems. Many of the internal mechanical systems (e.g. engine coupling to prop) require precise alignment in order to operate. These
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The numeric result from computing the shock factor has no physical meaning, but it does provide a value that can be used to estimate the effect of an underwater blast on a vessel. Table 1 describes the effect of an explosion on a vessel for a range of shock factors.
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The explosion also generates a gas bubble that undergoes expansion and contraction cycles. These cycles can introduce violent vibrations into a hull, generating structural damage, even to the point of breaking the ship's
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vibrations upset these critical alignments and render these systems inoperative. The vibrations can also destroy lighting and electrical components, such as relays.
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Increase in occurrence of damage above; pipe rupture likely; machinery failures
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Lighting failures; electrical failures; some pipe leaks; pipe ruptures possible
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Exploratory
Analysis Of Submarine Tactics For Mine Detection And Avoidance
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for estimating the amount of shock experienced by a naval target from an
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The application scenario for
Equation 1 is illustrated by Figure 1.
94:{\displaystyle SF={\frac {\sqrt {W}}{R}}{{(1+\sin \phi )} \over 2}}
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384:. Washington, DC: US Department of Defense. MIL-HDBK-297(SH)
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Very limited damage. Generally considered insignificant
294:. New York, N.Y.: Departmen Of The Navy. Archived from
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31:, and depression angle (between vessel and charge).
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378:Introduction to Weapon Effects for Ships (Metric)
117:charge weight in pounds = charge weight (lbs) ·
288:The Response Of Ships To Underwater Explosion
142:is the depression angle between the hull and
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176:Figure 1: Shock Factor Application Scenario.
27:as a function of explosive charge weight,
328:. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School
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194:Table 1: Shock Factor Table of Effects
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244:Usually considered lethal to a ship
319:Nawara, Terrence (September 2003).
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375:Naval Sea Systems Command (ed.).
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119:Relative effectiveness factor
285:Keil, A.H. (November 1961).
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107:is the slant range in feet
236:General machinery damage
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351:Jane's Information Group
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347:"MK 48 Torpedo Firing"
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135:{\displaystyle \phi }
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25:underwater explosion
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386:. Retrieved
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359:. Retrieved
355:the original
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330:. Retrieved
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303:. Retrieved
296:the original
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201:Shock Factor
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17:Shock factor
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29:slant range
409:Explosives
388:2006-06-10
361:2006-06-11
332:2006-06-10
305:2018-07-07
272:References
255:Background
225:0.15–0.20
217:0.1–0.15
209:< 0.1
130:ϕ
80:ϕ
77:
403:Category
204:Damage
144:warhead
241:≥ 0.5
382:(PDF)
326:(PDF)
299:(PDF)
292:(PDF)
266:keel
233:0.2
115:TNT
74:sin
405::
349:.
391:.
364:.
335:.
308:.
146:.
111:W
105:R
87:2
83:)
71:+
68:1
65:(
57:R
53:W
47:=
44:F
41:S
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