35:
147:
159:
699:
789:
131:
678:
799:
The
Shuixian Zunwang are worshipped as protectors of ships in transit. A shrine in their honor was included on most Taiwanese vessels during the imperial era; even today, most Taiwanese harbors include temples to them. There are shrines dedicated to the deities in many
187:
and sea deities. They have various names in
English including the Honorable Water Immortal Kings and the Lords of the Water. All five deities were formerly famous heroes and are related to water in certain ways. They are also believed to protect vessels in transit.
508:
BC. He is usually said to have slit his throat and had his body torn to pieces by his enemies, but he became regarded as a water deity from a separate legend that his body miraculously remained standing in the waters of the Wu after his suicide.
34:
146:
158:
1247:
1101:
623:. Ao is said to have conquered the state of Ge for his father during the same year. He became regarded as a water deity through his supposed role as the inventor of
1050:
734:
is a variant of the
Chinese word for "five".) The honorable kings or Lords of Water were related to water in certain ways and were first worshipped around
289:, while foreign scholarship often continues to dismiss it as legendary. Yu became regarded as a water deity through his involvement with controlling the
654:
of carpentry and masonry. The great demand for his work during his life supposedly compelled him to invent or improve a number of carpenter's tools—the
872:
968:, English translation series, Santa Barbara: University of California Forum for the Study of World Literatures in Chinese, 1999, p. 62
535:
while holding a rock, out of frustration with either his exile or with the direction of Chu's public policy. His memory is honored at
1423:
1371:
1311:
1280:
1233:
1190:
1159:
1086:
946:
1119:
1045:
698:
1359:
497:
788:
316:
is sometimes considered to refer to a single
Illustrious King. In such cases, it is usually identified with Yu alone.
130:
1124:
1449:
746:
270:
1223:
644:
263:
837:
792:
757:
180:
832:
703:
40:
1180:
648:
436:
177:
151:
659:
827:
540:
439:, Wu Zixu's spirit was worshipped as Taoshen, "God of the Waves", and particularly as the god of the
55:
1444:
1333:
773:
290:
627:, which he was said to be able to sail across land as well as water. He was killed by Xiang's son
1015:
640:
612:
489:
163:
408:
1419:
1415:
1367:
1363:
1307:
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1155:
1151:
1095:
1082:
1078:
1068:
942:
677:
428:
274:
1303:
938:
319:
The existence of a quintet of gods, however, is thought to derive from a misunderstanding of
1147:
723:
580:
528:
520:
432:
420:
393:
309:
86:
48:
423:
to punish it for the earlier death of his father and brother. He accurately predicted that
731:
404:
278:
69:
107:
686:
474:
440:
412:
259:
1438:
1390:
754:
739:
727:
629:
466:
1003:
765:
761:
743:
715:
663:
651:
620:
524:
470:
452:
447:. Wu Zixu had also been involved with the urban planning of King Helü's capital at
424:
390:
294:
286:
255:
93:
1405:
1350:
1297:
1266:
1141:
1072:
932:
818:
813:
532:
477:
397:
366:
267:
543:, although some believe this to have been a misplaced bit of Wu Zixu's legacy.
527:. He was exiled upon supposedly slanderous reports of his fellow courtiers and
776:. They appear to have been responsible for the introduction of the worship of
576:
493:
481:
456:
416:
184:
343:) as intending its usual sense as a synonym for the Chinese word for "five" (
1328:
1040:
822:
401:
282:
435:; his body placed in a leather bag and then thrown into a river. After the
297:, which may have preserved aspects of the Yellow River's massive flooding
608:
462:
444:
277:. Within China, the Xia are now generally associated with the historical
1346:
750:
719:
512:
386:
320:
674:, and an ink marking tool—to complete his many projects more quickly.
598:
586:
558:
555:
346:
326:
1236:'s Mandarin Training Center, archived from the original on 2009-04-17
1227:
1189:, Beijing: Beijing Foreign Affairs Information Center, archived from
777:
769:
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448:
373:
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139:
135:
787:
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312:
generally fails to distinguish between singular and plural nouns,
157:
145:
129:
877:, Tracing the Worship of the Honorable Water Immortal Kings]"
1007:
926:
924:
801:
682:
624:
937:, Religions of the World, Philadelphia: Chelsea House, p.
427:
would endanger Wu but did not have the ear of Helü's successor
1184:
655:
1271:, Kowloon: City University of Hong Kong Press, 2007, p.
916:, Copenhagen: Seminar for Buddhist Studies, 1996, p. 115
1143:
Poetry and
Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent
718:
is suggested to be derive from a misunderstanding of one of
1352:
The Shaman and the
Heresiarch: A New Interpretation of the
383:). However, there are several water deities apart from Wu.
1407:
Reconstruction
Designs of Lost Ancient Chinese Machinery
1268:
China: Five
Thousand Years of History & Civilization
112:
98:
714:
The worship of the
Shuixian Zunwang as a quintet of
768:and moved from a base at Xiamen to the area around
575:The "King" Ao—literally the "Arrogant King"—is the
363:) in its appearance in his divine title "King Wu" (
106:
92:
85:
80:
63:
47:
23:
1302:, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, p.
1246:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
643:name Lo Pan, was a woodworker at the end of the
1146:, Harvard–Yenching Institute Monograph No. 50,
1077:, New York: Columbia University Press, p.
134:The main altar of the water immortal temple in
911:Studies in Central and East Asian Religions,
619:in the 8th year of the reign of the Xia king
596:
584:
553:
364:
344:
324:
53:
8:
1100:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
546:The fifth figure variously appears as "King"
202:is variously translated into English as the
1385:
1383:
1150:: Harvard University Asia Center, p.
1074:The Columbia History of Chinese Literature
998:
996:
905:
903:
875:Táiwān Shuǐxiān Zūnwáng Chóngsì zhī Sùyuán
77:
33:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
1412:History of Mechanism and Machine Science
697:
1135:
1133:
1067:Nienhauser, William H., Junior (2001),
848:
400:. There, he helped the prince Ji Guang
1239:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1114:
1112:
1093:
738:region, which became a stronghold for
20:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
607:), the preternaturally strong son of
7:
960:
958:
615:who usurped the realm of the archer
681:A temple of the water immortals in
931:Hu Hsiao-lan; et al. (2005),
162:A shrine to the five kings in the
150:A shrine to the five kings in the
14:
539:by various the traditions of the
68:Honorable King(s) of the Water
1414:, No. 3, Dordrecht: Springer,
1120:Records of the Grand Historian
1046:Records of the Grand Historian
702:Statue of Shuixian Zunwang at
451:and is sometimes considered a
205:Honorable Water Immortal Kings
113:
99:
54:
16:Group of five Taoist immortals
1:
413:Wu's invasion of his homeland
396:who was forced into exile in
298:
1349:(2012), Sukhu, Gopal (ed.),
871:Huang A-yu (December 2010),
519:and advisor to his relative
455:credited with inventing the
221:Kings of the Water Immortals
411:. He then played a role in
1466:
772:, which they ruled as the
647:who became revered as the
597:
585:
554:
365:
345:
325:
124:
76:
32:
28:
795:in Chiayi County, Taiwan
689:, preserved as a museum.
645:Spring and Autumn period
407:and enthrone himself as
254:The head of the five is
227:Noble King Water Spirits
1296:Selby, Stephen (2000),
1140:Murck, Alfreda (2000),
838:Jiao (commercial guild)
793:Bengang Shuixian Temple
1416:§8.1: "Lu Ban the Man"
1404:Yan, Hong-sen (2007),
833:Penghu Shuixian Temple
796:
722:'s religious titles. (
711:
704:Bangka Lungshan Temple
690:
167:
155:
143:
41:Penghu Shuixian Temple
791:
780:'s five kings there.
701:
680:
568:) or as the inventor
161:
152:Anping Tianhou Temple
149:
133:
1181:"Legend for Wu Zixu"
828:List of Chinese gods
639:, also known by his
541:Dragon Boat Festival
531:by walking into the
114:Shui-hsien Tsun-wang
1051:Ch. 66, Biography 6
774:Kingdom of Tungning
441:Qiantang Tidal Bore
431:. He was forced to
1222:Lee, L.F. (1995),
1016:Grand Matsu Temple
1004:"Shuexian Deities"
873:"臺灣水仙尊王崇祀之溯源 [
797:
712:
691:
248:Gods of the Waters
198:The Chinese title
168:
164:Grand Matsu Temple
156:
144:
1193:on 13 August 2010
1069:"Early Biography"
966:Taiwan Literature
885:, pp. 81–112
747:conquest of China
728:plural noun forms
529:committed suicide
376:
356:
336:
275:prehistoric China
128:
127:
120:
119:
87:Standard Mandarin
39:Shuixian Zunwang，
1457:
1450:Taoist immortals
1430:
1428:
1401:
1395:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1343:
1337:
1332:, translated in
1324:
1318:
1316:
1293:
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1285:
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726:generally lacks
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251:
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234:Shuexian Deities
230:
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200:Shuǐxiān Zūnwáng
174:Shuixian Zunwang
116:
115:
102:
101:
100:Shuǐxiān Zūnwáng
78:
72:
59:
58:
37:
24:Shuixian Zunwang
21:
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1456:
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1398:
1388:
1381:
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1362:Press, p.
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1299:Chinese Archery
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628:
551:
547:
505:
488:BC, was killed
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421:its former king
377:
357:
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303:
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279:Erlitou culture
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241:Five Water-Gods
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64:Literal meaning
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17:
12:
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882:人文研究期刊 , No. 8
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785:
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740:Ming loyalists
695:
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492:the forces of
433:commit suicide
419:the corpse of
195:
192:
183:worshipped as
126:
125:
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81:Transcriptions
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1425:9781402064609
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1393:
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1391:Bamboo Annals
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1373:9781438442846
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1313:9789622095014
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1010:Official site
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755:Zheng dynasty
752:
748:
745:
741:
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673:
669:
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661:
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630:King Shaokang
626:
622:
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287:Yellow Rivers
284:
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1399:
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1351:
1341:
1327:
1322:
1298:
1291:
1267:
1257:
1229:Dragon Boat!
1228:
1217:
1211:(in English)
1204:(in Chinese)
1195:, retrieved
1191:the original
1185:
1142:
1118:
1073:
1062:
1056:(in Chinese)
1044:
1035:
1029:(in English)
1022:(in Chinese)
1011:
1008:
965:
933:
914:
910:
896:(in English)
889:(in Chinese)
883:
880:
874:
819:Dragon Kings
798:
713:
635:
604:
592:
577:deified form
574:
565:
545:
511:
461:
453:culture hero
385:
380:
360:
340:
318:
313:
295:Chinese myth
256:Yu the Great
253:
247:
240:
233:
226:
218:
214:
210:
204:
199:
197:
190:
173:
171:
94:Hanyu Pinyin
1197:15 December
1123:, cited in
913:Vols. 12–13
742:during the
595:) or Jiao (
496:beside the
469:of western
402:assassinate
323:'s surname
291:Great Flood
285:and middle
211:Illustrious
1445:Water gods
1439:Categories
1358:, Albany:
1232:, Taipei:
1224:"Chu Yuan"
1125:Nienhauser
1014:, Tainan:
844:References
482:Qin Empire
457:waterwheel
437:fall of Wu
281:along the
166:in Tainan.
154:in Tainan.
108:Wade–Giles
1329:Zuo Zhuan
1263:"Qu Yuan"
1148:Cambridge
1041:Sima Qian
823:Four Seas
804:temples.
641:Cantonese
409:King Helü
260:legendary
176:are five
70:Immortals
1242:citation
1186:eBeijing
1096:citation
808:See also
758:defeated
749:. Under
730:and his
687:mainland
609:Han Zhuo
521:the king
498:Wu River
490:fighting
473:" whose
463:Xiang Yu
445:Hangzhou
417:exhuming
405:the king
245:and the
219:Eminent
1347:Qu Yuan
821:of the
784:Worship
751:Koxinga
732:surname
724:Chinese
720:Wu Zixu
694:History
685:on the
649:Chinese
613:advisor
513:Qu Yuan
467:warlord
465:, the "
387:Wu Zixu
321:Wu Zixu
314:zūnwáng
310:Chinese
302:
271:dynasty
266:of the
264:emperor
215:Revered
181:Deities
178:Chinese
49:Chinese
1422:
1370:
1354:Li Sao
1310:
1279:
1209:&
1207:
1158:
1085:
1027:&
1025:
1018:, 2007
945:
934:Taoism
894:&
892:
778:Fujian
770:Tainan
766:Taiwan
753:, the
736:Xiamen
708:Taipei
672:shovel
670:, the
666:, the
664:planer
662:, the
660:square
658:, the
637:Lu Ban
611:, the
570:Lu Ban
566:Àowáng
548:
537:Duanwu
515:was a
506:
504:in 202
486:
484:in 206
475:revolt
449:Suzhou
429:Fuchai
389:was a
381:Wǔwáng
378:
358:
338:
262:first
258:, the
224:, the
140:Taiwan
136:Tainan
1334:Selby
1079:514–5
762:Dutch
716:kings
668:drill
625:ships
621:Xiang
617:Houyi
533:Miluo
502:Anhui
478:ended
394:noble
308:. As
217:, or
194:Names
185:water
1420:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1360:SUNY
1326:The
1308:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1248:link
1234:NTNU
1199:2016
1156:ISBN
1102:link
1083:ISBN
943:ISBN
814:Mazu
802:Mazu
760:the
744:Qing
683:Wuxi
605:Jiāo
517:poet
480:the
304:1920
238:the
231:the
209:the
172:The
56:水仙尊王
1364:227
1273:206
1152:207
764:on
656:saw
652:god
579:of
550:Ao
525:Chu
523:of
500:in
494:Han
471:Chu
443:at
425:Yue
391:Chu
306:BCE
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