824:—that the halakhah does not go according to them—they said 'if like the School of Shammai according to their leniencies and their stringencies': The RaMBaM, is the greatest of all the Torah authorities, and all the communities of the Land of Israel and the Arab-controlled lands and the West practice according to his word, and accepted him upon themselves as their Chief Rabbi. Whoever practices according to him with his leniencies and his stringencies, why coerce them to budge from him? And all the more so if also their fathers and forefathers practiced accordingly: for their children are not to turn right or left from the RaMBaM of blessed memory. And even if communities that practice according to the
49:
4150:
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4164:
630:, Darkhei Moshe, at about the same time as Yosef Karo. Karo finished his work "Bet Yosef" first, and it was first presented to the Rema as a gift from one of his students. Upon receiving the gift, the Rema could not understand how he had spent so many years unaware of Karo's efforts. After looking through the Bet Yosef, the Rema realized that Karo had mainly relied upon Sephardic
2108:
255:
571:) as his standards, accepting as authoritative the opinion of two of the three, except in cases where most of the ancient authorities were against them or in cases where there was already an accepted custom contrary to his ruling. The net result of these last exceptions is that in a number of cases Karo rules in favour of the Catalan school of
877:, they would not have written them. It is better for one to decide on the basis of the Talmud even though he might err, for a scholar must depend solely on his understanding. As such, he is beloved of God, and preferable to the one who rules from a code but does not know the reason for the ruling; such a one walks like a blind person.
579:("the Rashba"), thus indirectly reflecting Ashkenazi opinions, even against the consensus of Alfasi and Maimonides. Karo very often decides disputed cases without necessarily considering the age and importance of the authority in question, expressing simply his own views. He follows Maimonides' example, as seen in
657:
on many occasions based his decision on these sources, Isserles gave them more prominence in developing practical legal rulings. By incorporating these other opinions, Isserles actually addressed some major criticisms regarding what many viewed as the arbitrary selection of the three authorities upon
1073:
rom their wells do we drink and should a question arise (on their work), not for this shall we come to annul their words, rather we must study further as much as we can, and if we are unable to resolve (our question) then we will ascribe it to our own lack of knowledge and not (as a reason to) annul
538:
Karo initially intended to rely on his own judgment regarding differences of opinion between the various authorities, especially where he could support his own view based on the Talmud. But he wrote that he abandoned this idea because: "Who has the courage to rear his head aloft among mountains, the
1011:
If one does not find their statements correct and is able to maintain his own views with evidence that is acceptable to his contemporaries...he may contradict the earlier statements, since all matters that are not clarified in the
Babylonian Talmud may be questioned and restated by any person, and
1049:(known as the "Ravad", 1110–1180). The answer may lie in the fact that the criticism by ibn Daud undermined confidence in Maimonides' work, while Isserles (who corresponded with Karo) does not simply criticize, but supplements Karo's work extensively. The result was that Ashkenazim accepted the
956:, as almost all his words lack accompanying explanations, particularly (when writing about) monetary law. Besides this, we see that many legal doubts arise daily, and are mostly the subject of scholarly debate, necessitating vast wisdom and proficiency to arrive at a sufficiently sourced ruling.
828:
or other authorities like him became the majority, they cannot coerce the minority of congregations practicing according to the RaMBaM of blessed memory, to practice like they do. And there is no issue here concerning the prohibition against having two courts in the same city , since every
612:
Unlike the Tur, Maimonides' code includes all fields of Jewish law, of both present-day relevance and those dealing with prior and future times (such as laws of sacrifices, Messiah, Kings, etc.). For Karo, whose interest lay in ruling on the practical issues, the Tur seemed a better
1020:
differed from the earlier ones. On the contrary, we regard the statements of later scholars to be more authoritative because they knew the reasoning of the earlier scholars as well as their own, and took it into consideration in making their decision
464:. As commentaries on the work proliferated more sophisticated printing styles became required, similar to those of the Talmud.Additionally, many recent publishers have reformatted this work with the intent to make it more accessible to the reader.
598:, although not considered as great an authority as Maimonides' code, was much more widely known; the latter being recognized only among the Spanish Jews, while the former enjoyed a high reputation among the Ashkenazim and Sephardim, as well as the
1002:(4th century) the Halakha was to be decided according to the views of the earlier scholars, but from that time onward, the halakhic opinions of post-talmudic scholars would prevail over the contrary opinions of a previous generation" (see
1081:(d. 1764) wrote that the great breadth of the work would make it impossible to constantly come to the correct conclusion if not for the "spirit of God". Therefore, says Eybeschutz, one can not rely on a view not presented by the
525:
was a summary of Karo's earlier rulings in Beit Yosef which he then gave to certain of his students to edit and compile. He concludes that this would then account for those seemingly self-contradictory instances in the
241:
was one of these. In the century after it was published by Karo (whose vision was a unified
Judaism under the Sephardic traditions) it became the code of law for Ashkenazim, together with the later commentaries of
1328:
has achieved widespread acceptance. It is frequently even studied as a stand-alone commentary, since it is assumed to discuss all or most of the views of the major commentaries on the topics that it covers.
2220:
755:
re its contemporary function and status. The author himself had no very high opinion of the work, remarking that he had written it chiefly for "young students". He never refers to it in his
1053:, assuming that together with Isserles' glosses it was a reliable authority. This then became broadly accepted among Jewish communities around the world as the binding Jewish legal code.
1274:
were self-published (primarily in the late 17th and early 18th centuries) with commentaries by various rabbis, although these commentaries never achieved significant recognition.
605:
Karo intended to give not merely the results of his investigations (as
Maimonides' code did), but also the investigations themselves. He wished not only to aid the officiating
774:
authorities had been forced to give way to Polish ones as early as the beginning of the sixteenth century. Karo had already been opposed by several
Sephardic contemporaries,
701:("prevailing local custom") is also a point of dispute between Karo and Isserles: while Karo held fast to original authorities and material reasons, Isserles considered the
965:
The strongest criticism against all such codes of Jewish law is the contention that they inherently violate the principle that halakha must be decided according to the
873:
questions from the codes without knowing the source of the ruling was not the intent of these authors. Had they known that their works would lead to the abandonment of
3654:
1370:
as mentioned, traces the underlying machloket (deliberation), including how it eventually plays out, and evaluates this practice in light of the various opinions of
4205:
4044:
2727:
4004:
609:
in the performance of his duties, but also to trace for the student the development of particular laws from the Talmud through later rabbinical literature.
4190:
2522:
2097:
841:
became the accepted standard not only in Europe and the diaspora, but even in the land of Israel where they had previously followed other authorities.
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4050:
2050:
3150:
2604:
2349:
3145:
767:
achieved its reputation and popularity not only against the wishes of the author, but, perhaps, through the very scholars who criticized it.
2024:
849:
Following its initial appearance, many rabbis criticised the appearance of this latest code of Jewish law, echoing similar criticisms of
705:
as an object of great importance, and not to be omitted in a codex. This point, especially, induced
Isserles to write his glosses to the
3165:
3160:
2584:
3977:
2854:
1384:
In the late 18th century, there were several attempts to recompile the major halakhic opinions into a simpler, more accessible form.
387:—and indicated by a preceding "הגה"—interspersed with Karo's text. Surrounding this are the primary commentators for the section:
3005:
2859:
2354:
2040:
includes links to resources which translate not just parts of the Mishna Berura, but also the corresponding parts of Orach Chayim.
2031:
2914:
2822:
2395:
4079:
3273:
1224:
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rulings were not necessarily accepted as binding among the Franco-German Jews, perhaps owing to the criticism and influence of
798:
were Karo's first important adversaries in
Eastern Europe. Further in response to those who wished to force the rulings of the
2955:
2515:
2472:
2426:
2090:
1353:
771:
1061:
The later major halachic authorities defer to both Karo and
Isserles and cite their work as the baseline from which further
1548:
are studied in many Jewish schools throughout the world on a daily basis. There is also a daily study program known as the
4195:
4056:
3377:
2334:
1506:. The former, though narrower in scope, enjoys much wider popularity and is considered authoritative by many adherents of
1196:
430:
48:
4119:
1985:
1968:
1895:
893:
without being fully conversant with the
Talmudic source(s) of the ruling: "In these generations, those who rule from the
3987:
3982:
3170:
3155:
2919:
2874:
2619:
2380:
1443:
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without knowing the reasoning and
Talmudic basis ... are among the 'destroyers of the world' and should be protested."
4084:
4069:
2950:
2810:
2314:
2011:
1594:
Davis, Joseph (October 2002). "The
Reception of the Shulhan 'Arukh and the Formation of Ashkenazic Jewish Identity".
637:
In place of Karo's three standard authorities, Isserles cites "the later authorities" (chiefly based on the works of
379:
In the aside page, Karo's and Isserles' combined text is in the center of the page, top; since the 17th century, the
4038:
3932:
3583:
3477:
3185:
3118:
2679:
2569:
1255:
1204:
436:
1922:
680:, specifying whenever the Sephardic and Ashkenazic customs differ. These glosses are sometimes referred to as the
4154:
4094:
3992:
3972:
3842:
3767:
3627:
3494:
3180:
3140:
2508:
2489:
2370:
2304:
2230:
2164:
2083:
1640:
1310:
518:
179:
4074:
3905:
3204:
3079:
2339:
2329:
2159:
1752:
349:
1502:, is a more analytical work attempting the same task from a different angle, and covering all sections of the
1037:
became an authoritative code, despite significant opposition, and even against the will of its author, while
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on the lack of an existing and widely accepted custom to the contrary. Eventually though, the rulings of the
4027:
4016:
3610:
3531:
3236:
3135:
3074:
3054:
2960:
2933:
2324:
2268:
2138:
1455:, but given their single-voiced approach, are considered easier to follow for those with less background in
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generally follow the Sephardic custom. The Rema added his glosses and published them as a commentary on the
540:
814:
of blessed memory, to go by any one of the early or latter-day Torah authorities?! ... Is it not a case of
4210:
4063:
4033:
3096:
2278:
2154:
1499:
1388:
1242:
862:
4089:
4010:
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3123:
3113:
3106:
3091:
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2457:
1978:
1961:
332:
2057:
725:
in his old age, for the benefit of those who did not possess the education necessary to understand the
30:
This article is about the work by Rabbi Yosef Karo. For the work by Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi, see
4124:
4114:
3617:
2589:
2390:
2251:
2002:
1401:
1086:
363:
31:
4200:
3772:
3740:
3666:
3575:
3521:
3128:
2928:
2662:
2627:
1396:
1078:
744:
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note where the Sephardic and Ashkenazi customs differ. These glosses are widely referred to as the
4104:
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3910:
3632:
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3489:
3459:
3412:
3335:
3241:
3101:
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1611:
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402:
237:
and other countries. Previously unwritten laws and customs were being compiled and recorded; the
148:
3387:
3263:
810:
Who is he whose heart conspires to approach forcing congregations who practice according to the
167:
two years later. Together with its commentaries, it is the most widely accepted compilation of
3888:
3819:
3701:
3686:
3469:
3340:
3305:
2594:
2452:
2283:
1277:
A wealth of later works include commentary and exposition by such halachic authorities as the
1233:
1178:
576:
488:
478:
414:
284:
114:
2020:
includes translations of most of Even Haezer, and a small part of the rest of Shulchan Aruch.
833:
Similarly, many later halachic authorities predicated the acceptance of the authority of the
3954:
3922:
3883:
3854:
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3787:
3588:
3397:
3330:
3283:
3231:
3199:
3190:
3175:
3049:
3024:
3000:
2884:
2815:
2732:
2599:
2344:
2319:
2309:
2112:
1942:
1684:
1656:
1603:
1507:
1494:
1448:
1294:
1142:
1046:
1026:
915:
825:
821:
775:
740:
642:
627:
564:
396:
290:
35:
1324:(which summarizes and decides amongst the later authorities) on the Orach Chaim section of
1006:, Bava Metzia 3:10, 4:21, Shabbat 23:1 and also the Rif writing at the end of Eruvin Ch.2.)
3864:
3859:
3671:
3598:
3431:
3402:
3325:
3315:
3278:
3253:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3044:
3039:
3029:
3014:
2805:
2722:
2689:
2647:
2637:
2416:
2273:
2133:
1989:
1972:
1938:
1321:
1220:
444:
359:
336:
318:
295:
215:
139:
131:
69:
1524:
1330:
713:) of the Ashkenazim might be recognized, and not be set aside through Karo's reputation.
426:
345:
264:
3565:
1317:) whose works are widely recognized and cited extensively in later halachic literature.
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4143:
3964:
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3829:
3797:
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3649:
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3034:
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2940:
2702:
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2632:
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2256:
2225:
2128:
1838:
1833:
chapter 165 who ascribes to Karo's rulings the status of issues already settled by the
1421:
1410:
1406:
1270:
While these major commentaries enjoy widespread acceptance, some early editions of the
1215:
1109:
791:
623:
583:, rather than that of Jacob ben Asher, who seldom decides between ancient authorities.
410:
324:
243:
234:
226:
187:
183:
4184:
3937:
3782:
3709:
3516:
3450:
3423:
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3320:
3293:
3268:
3258:
3019:
2965:
2899:
2879:
2869:
2864:
2837:
2783:
2712:
2657:
2442:
2261:
2037:
1615:
1549:
1464:
1042:
981:
886:
638:
580:
306:
103:
3917:
3714:
3676:
3637:
3226:
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2909:
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2849:
2832:
2800:
2788:
2749:
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2642:
2462:
1529:
1518:
1413:
community to attempt a summary of the opinions in the above-mentioned works in his
999:
770:
Recognition or denial of Karo's authority lay entirely with the Polish Talmudists.
646:
599:
548:
509:, Karo read opinions in books he hadn't seen before, which he then included in the
392:
384:
302:
889:(known as the "Maharsha", 1555–1631), criticized those who rule directly from the
17:
1128:) several decades after the main work. Important works by the later authorities (
3927:
3442:
3367:
3345:
3248:
2842:
2771:
2766:
2754:
2744:
2210:
2180:
1415:
1392:
1306:
1264:
1089:(d. 1819) said that the reason one can not rely on a view not formulated in the
935:
910:
452:
160:
59:
1451:
of Hungary). Danzig's and Ganzfried's works do not follow the structure of the
4021:
3728:
3310:
2904:
2652:
2574:
2051:"List (mostly in Hebrew or Ladino) of Ladino words used by the Shulchan Aruch"
1982:
1965:
1607:
1366:
1302:
1290:
1038:
816:
811:
572:
556:
521:
cites a later halachic authority (Shmuel Abuhab) who reports rumors that the
298:. There are four volumes, each subdivided into many chapters and paragraphs:
3942:
3407:
3298:
3209:
2827:
2761:
1712:
1533:
1481:
1334:
1130:
795:
650:
310:
2778:
2107:
743:
for all ritual and legal questions that arose after the destruction of the
729:. The format of this work parallels that adopted by Jacob ben Asher in his
2043:
3661:
3603:
3548:
3543:
3214:
2288:
2195:
2190:
1979:
Historical background on when Rabbi Karo wrote the Shulchan Aruch and why
1372:
1251:
756:
367:
34:. For the work by Lithuanian rabbi and posek Yechiel Michel Epstein, see
2075:
1643:, 'Yad Malachi', Principles of the Shulchan Aruch and Rema Sec.2, p.549.
460:
On the margins are various other commentaries and cross references; see
210:
Karo's work as well as Isserles', with Karo usually referred to as "the
3876:
3760:
3755:
3745:
3733:
3553:
3538:
3482:
3417:
3392:
3355:
3219:
2894:
2793:
2717:
2609:
2535:
2421:
2205:
2200:
1926:
1899:
1512:
1456:
1399:. To distinguish this work from Karo's, it is generally referred to as
1349:
1017:
994:
period. It laid down the law and states that "until the time of Rabbis
850:
782:
as a book for "children and ignoramuses", and Jacob Castro, whose work
752:
748:
353:
328:
314:
270:
222:, "author") and Isserles as "the Rema" (an acronym of Moshe Isserles).
168:
79:
3947:
3814:
3750:
2375:
2215:
1834:
1013:
990:
874:
803:
697:
665:, entitled Darkhei Moshe, to focus only on rulings which differ from
340:
230:
206:
include this gloss, and the term "Shulchan Aruch" has come to denote
164:
156:
92:
1348:, by Rabbi Moshe Rivkash, provides cross-references to the Talmud,
2500:
501:, it includes various rulings that are not mentioned at all in the
254:
3898:
3893:
3847:
3802:
3723:
3718:
2982:
2737:
2707:
2185:
1062:
995:
631:
606:
253:
152:
829:
congregation should practice according to its original custom ...
3997:
2531:
2246:
2007:
2504:
2079:
2017:
1104:, beginning soon after its publication. The first major gloss,
1510:, especially among those typically associated with Ashkenazic
143:, literally: "Set Table"), sometimes dubbed in English as the
1116:
appeared. Isserles' student, Yehoshua Falk HaKohen published
1437:(usually published as commentaries in most editions of the
1016:
may be differed from him ... just as the statements of the
586:
Several reasons induced Karo to connect his work with the
661:
After realizing this, the Rema shortened his work on the
229:, the 16th century was an era of legal codification in
952:
It is impossible to rule (in most cases) based on the
2010:
limited English translation includes chapters not in
913:(1561–1640), rabbi and author of a commentary to the
383:
has been printed with Isserles' annotations in small
938:, author of the commentary on the Bach entitled the
487:
is largely based on an earlier work by Karo, titled
3963:
3828:
3700:
3574:
3468:
2999:
2688:
2618:
2560:
2435:
2404:
2363:
2297:
2239:
2173:
2147:
2121:
109:
99:
85:
75:
65:
55:
1100:A large body of commentaries have appeared on the
688:'Set Table.' Almost all published editions of the
202:"Set Table". Almost all published editions of the
1356:, and thereby indicates the various sources for
497:is largely a codification of the rulings of the
1784:Netivoth Olam-Netiv HaTorah (end of chapter 15)
1344:Several commentaries are printed on each page.
1071:
1009:
986:
950:
867:
808:
366:(personal and financial), and the rules of the
1391:wrote a "Shulchan Aruch" at the behest of the
733:, but more concisely; without citing sources.
147:, is the most widely consulted of the various
2516:
2350:Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations (UOHC)
2091:
1739:Yom Tov Tzahalon, responsa, no. 67, beginning
362:– laws of finance, financial responsibility,
8:
1964:of this article from the 1906 public domain
943:
929:
920:
41:
4005:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
1683:, Karo, printed in the first volume of the
1655:, Karo, printed in the first volume of the
1033:The controversy itself may explain why the
969:sages; this principle is commonly known as
2685:
2523:
2509:
2501:
2098:
2084:
2076:
2044:Shulchan Aruch with its major commentaries
47:
40:
1165:Orach Chayim, Yoreh Deah and Even ha-Ezer
225:Due to the increased availability of the
186:generally follow the halachic rulings of
2552:Index of Jewish history-related articles
626:) started writing his commentary on the
4051:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
2355:International Rabbinic Fellowship (IRF)
1560:
865:(known as "Maharal", 1520–1609) wrote:
461:
27:Book of Jewish law by Rabbi Joseph Karo
4206:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law
1173:("Lips of the priest", abbreviated as
684:, literally, the 'tablecloth,' to the
1711:, Azoulay, Choshen Mishpat 25:29 and
1480:") is a collation of the opinions of
1338:
198:(literally: the "tablecloth") to the
138:
7:
786:consists of critical glosses to the
658:whose opinions Karo based his work.
653:) as criteria of opinion. While the
513:. In his famous methodological work
246:and the 17th century Polish rabbis.
2335:Rabbinical Council of America (RCA)
2038:Mishna Berura § External links
944:
930:
921:
219:
135:
3998:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
3978:American Jewish Historical Society
1134:) include but are not limited to:
1112:, was published shortly after the
845:Criticism by Karo's contemporaries
649:, together with the Franco-German
370:, as well as the laws of witnesses
25:
4191:Rabbinic legal texts and responsa
1584:Codex Judaica, Mattis Kantor 2005
1065:evolve. The 17th-century scholar
1025:, Sanhedrin 4:6, responsa of the
802:upon those communities following
4162:
4149:
4148:
2484:
2483:
2468:Rabbinic authority / Da'as Torah
2106:
1631:, section Even Ha'ezer rule 4:30
1155:("Rows of Gold", abbreviated as
905:Another prominent critic of the
1225:Zechariah Mendel ben Aryeh Leib
749:Halakha § Orthodox Judaism
590:, instead of Maimonides' code.
505:, because after completing the
288:) follow the same structure as
151:in Judaism. It was authored in
4070:Relations with other religions
2049:'אליעזר פאפו' (Eliezer Papo).
1943:The Incomparable Gaon of Vilna
1820:Tzemach Tzedek, responsa, ch.9
1536:Rabbis for their communities.
1528:, and much more recently, the
925:, commonly abbreviated as the
844:
1:
4057:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
1759:sec. Yoreh-Deah 53, Responsa
1197:Samuel ben Uri Shraga Phoebus
339:; laws pertaining to Israel;
3988:Leo Baeck Institute New York
3983:American Sephardi Federation
1981:from the 1906 public domain
1923:Beur HaGra on Shulchan Arukh
1810:Shu"t HaBach Hachadashot, 42
1751:in responsum ch. 6 and 124,
1074:the words of these geniuses.
857:Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel
672:The halachic rulings in the
174:The halachic rulings in the
171:or Jewish law ever written.
2811:Constantinopolitan Karaites
2315:Central Rabbinical Congress
1012:even the statements of the
4227:
4039:National Library of Israel
2680:Zionism, race and genetics
2252:United Torah Judaism (UTJ)
1681:Introduction to Beit Yosef
1671:, sec. 'Orach Chaim', Karo
1669:Introduction to Beit Yosef
1653:Introduction to Beit Yosef
1256:Hayyim Mordecai Margolioth
1205:Moses ben Isaac Judah Lima
977:follows the later ones").
919:entitled the "New House" (
543:?" Hence Karo adopted the
519:Malachi ben Jacob HaKohen
476:
155:, Ottoman Syria (today in
29:
4137:
3993:Yeshiva University Museum
3973:Center for Jewish History
2542:
2481:
2371:Agudath Israel of America
1641:Malachi ben Jacob HaKohen
1608:10.1017/S0364009402000065
1341:re these type of works.
1311:Chaim Joseph David Azulai
1067:Joshua Höschel ben Joseph
988:This rule dates from the
753:Yeshiva § Jewish law
282:(and its forerunner, the
180:Sephardic law and customs
163:in 1563 and published in
46:
2585:Ancient Israel and Judah
2330:Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah
2231:Orthodox Jewish outreach
2034:: covers the whole book.
2027:: covers the whole book.
1753:Chaim Yosef David Azulai
1141:("Abraham's shield") by
534:The standard authorities
2961:North African Sephardim
2934:Jewish tribes of Arabia
2325:Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah
1775:Zeraim, sec. Sheviis 23
1715:in his introduction to
1629:Responsa: Ginat Veradim
739:has been "the code" of
190:, whose glosses to the
140:[ʃulˈħanʕaˈrux]
4064:Holocaust Encyclopedia
4034:Jewish Virtual Library
2279:Noam (political party)
1874:Choshen Mishpat,25:124
1500:Yechiel Michel Epstein
1389:Shneur Zalman of Liadi
1243:Joseph ben Meir Teomim
1219:("Well-Explained") by
1076:
1031:
1008:
980:A modern commentator,
958:
879:
863:Judah Loew ben Bezalel
831:
695:The importance of the
275:
4011:Encyclopaedia Judaica
3793:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
2978:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
2728:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
2458:Torah im Derech Eretz
2003:Hebrew edition online
1532:are similar works by
1444:Kitzur Shulchan Aruch
1409:was the first in the
1118:Sefer Me'irath Enayim
851:previous codes of law
820:, that regarding the
778:, who designated the
473:Its premise and style
333:conversion to Judaism
257:
4196:Sephardi Jews topics
2590:Second Temple period
2391:World Agudath Israel
2025:Orach Chayim summary
1837:. See also responsa
1796:, Maharsha, Sota 22a
1425:. Similar works are
1402:Shulchan Aruch HaRav
1352:, commentaries, and
1241:("Choice Fruit") by
1087:Yehuda Heller Kahana
971:hilkheta ke-vatra'ei
759:, but always to the
709:, that the customs (
692:include this gloss.
32:Shulchan Aruch HaRav
4028:Jewish Encyclopedia
3773:Hekhalot literature
3584:Religious movements
3119:Judeo-Tripolitanian
2269:National Union (NU)
2032:Yoreh De'ah summary
2018:The Sefaria Library
1983:Jewish Encyclopedia
1966:Jewish Encyclopedia
1911:Rabbi Moshe Rivkash
1468:, the main work of
1397:Dovber of Mezeritch
1287:Netivoth ha-Mishpat
1263:("Half-Shekel") by
1079:Jonathan Eybeschutz
882:Rabbi Shmuel Eidels
745:Temple in Jerusalem
356:and related issues;
43:
4169:Judaism portal
4105:Jews and Halloween
4100:Jews and Christmas
3490:Rabbinic authority
3242:Judaeo-Piedmontese
2675:Xueta Christianity
2580:Origins of Judaism
2547:Outline of Judaism
2014:as of August 2010.
1988:2011-06-28 at the
1971:2011-06-28 at the
1794:Chiddushei Aggados
1699:to Yoreh De'ah, 35
1474:Yisrael Meir Kagan
1337:work. See further
1279:Ketzoth ha-Choshen
1261:Machatzit HaShekel
1161:David HaLevi Segal
1096:Major commentaries
741:Rabbinical Judaism
276:
145:Code of Jewish Law
18:Shulḥan 'Aruk
4178:
4177:
4144:extinct languages
4045:YIVO Encyclopedia
3820:Hebrew literature
3788:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
3628:Reconstructionist
3306:Judaeo-Portuguese
2995:
2994:
2951:Eastern Sephardim
2595:Synagogal Judaism
2498:
2497:
2453:Religious Zionism
2340:Agudas HaRabbonim
2284:Jerusalem Faction
2165:Hasidic dynasties
2063:on August 2, 2020
1884:Kuntras HaSfeikos
1763:sec. Yoreh-Deah 2
1482:later authorities
1431:Sha'arei Teshuvah
1411:Lithuanian Jewish
1234:Hezekiah da Silva
1232:("New Fruit") by
1179:Shabbatai HaKohen
1124:, abbreviated as
901:Rabbi Yoel Sirkis
822:School of Shammai
784:Erekh ha-Shulchan
577:Shlomo ibn Aderet
479:Beit Yosef (book)
268:section, laws of
178:generally follow
122:
121:
100:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
4218:
4167:
4166:
4165:
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3284:Judeo-Golpaygani
2885:Palestinian Jews
2860:Alexandrian Jews
2816:Crimean Karaites
2733:Unterlander Jews
2686:
2600:Rabbinic Judaism
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1449:Shlomo Ganzfried
1435:Pitchei Teshuvah
1380:Later collations
1295:Yechezkel Landau
1248:Shaarei Teshuvah
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1143:Avraham Gombiner
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686:Shulchan Aruch's
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565:Asher ben Jehiel
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1730:, Introduction
1728:Shulchan Aruch
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1602:(2): 251–276.
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1490:Shulchan Aruch
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1441:), as well as
1439:Shulchan Aruch
1422:Chochmath Adam
1407:Abraham Danzig
1395:leader, Rabbi
1381:
1378:
1346:Be'er ha-Golah
1333:is a similar
1326:Shulchan Aruch
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1283:Avnei Millu'im
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1051:Shulchan Aruch
1041:' (1135–1204)
1035:Shulchan Aruch
1023:Piskei Ha'Rosh
1004:Piskei Ha'Rosh
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839:Shulchan Aruch
835:Shulchan Aruch
806:, Karo wrote:
800:Shulchan Aruch
792:Moses Isserles
788:Shulchan Aruch
780:Shulchan Aruch
765:Shulchan Aruch
737:Shulchan Aruch
723:Shulchan Aruch
718:
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3870:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:Sefer HaBahir
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Sifrei Kodesh
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3566:Who is a Jew?
3564:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3495:Chosen people
3493:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3451:Scots-Yiddish
3449:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3424:Klezmer-loshn
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:Judeo-Shirazi
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3269:Judeo-Persian
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:Judeo-Marathi
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:Judeo-Italian
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:Judeo-Amazigh
3090:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Hadhrami Jews
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2880:Mountain Jews
2878:
2876:
2875:Egyptian Jews
2873:
2871:
2870:Bukharan Jews
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Lists of Jews
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2493:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Torah Judaism
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:Organizations
2362:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:Degel HaTorah
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Orthodox Jews
2153:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2059:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:Be'er HaGolah
1892:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1860:Pnei Yehoshua
1855:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:Shulhan Arukh
1570:
1569:Shulhan Aruch
1564:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1550:Halacha Yomit
1547:
1540:Halacha Yomit
1539:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:Chafetz Chaim
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1465:Mishna Berura
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1216:Ba'er Heiteiv
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:Siftei Khohen
1169:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Magen Avraham
1137:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:Mishneh Torah
1040:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
985:
983:
982:Menachem Elon
978:
976:
972:
968:
960:
957:
955:
949:
941:
937:
928:
918:
917:
916:Arba'ah Turim
912:
908:
900:
898:
896:
892:
888:
887:Samuel Eidels
881:
878:
876:
872:
866:
864:
856:
854:
852:
842:
840:
836:
830:
827:
823:
819:
818:
813:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:German Jewish
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
732:
731:Arba'ah Turim
728:
724:
716:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
659:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:Yaakov Moelin
635:
633:
629:
628:Arba'ah Turim
625:
617:
611:
608:
604:
601:
597:
593:
592:
591:
589:
584:
582:
581:Mishneh Torah
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
533:
531:
529:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
486:
480:
472:
467:
465:
463:
456:
455:
450:
446:
442:
440:
439:
434:
433:
428:
424:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
406:
405:
400:
399:
398:Magen Avraham
394:
390:
389:
388:
386:
382:
374:
369:
365:
361:
358:
355:
351:
347:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
300:
299:
297:
293:
292:
291:Arba'ah Turim
287:
286:
281:
280:Shulhan Arukh
273:
272:
267:
266:
261:
256:
249:
247:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
133:
129:
128:
118:
116:
112:
108:
105:
104:Ottoman Syria
102:
98:
94:
90:
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
45:
37:
33:
19:
4160:
4153:
4139:
4062:
4055:
4043:
4026:
4009:
3843:perspectives
3809:
3677:Samaritanism
3638:Neo-Hasidism
3618:Conservative
3532:Names of God
3441:
3422:
3232:Judaeo-Greek
3227:Judeo-Gascon
3166:Lishán Didán
3161:Lishana Deni
3129:Judeo-Yemeni
3097:Judeo-Arabic
2971:Meshuchrarim
2890:Persian Jews
2823:Kurdish Jews
2801:Kaifeng Jews
2750:Beta Abraham
2713:Galitzianers
2668:Antisemitism
2643:Israeli Jews
2628:Assimilation
2488:
2463:Torah Umadda
2436:Philosophies
2411:
2396:Young Israel
2111:
2065:. Retrieved
2058:the original
1962:Initial text
1933:
1918:
1913:, chabad.org
1906:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1830:
1825:
1816:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1709:Birkei Yosef
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1652:
1648:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1545:
1543:
1530:Yalkut Yosef
1525:Kaf Ha'Chaim
1523:
1519:Ben Ish Chai
1517:
1511:
1503:
1493:
1489:
1486:Orach Chayim
1485:
1477:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1452:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:Ba'er Heitev
1426:
1420:
1414:
1400:
1386:
1383:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1345:
1343:
1331:Kaf Ha'Chaim
1325:
1319:
1315:Birkei Yosef
1314:
1298:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1247:
1239:Peri Megadim
1238:
1230:Peri Chadash
1229:
1214:
1209:Even ha-Ezer
1208:
1200:
1193:Beit Sh'muel
1192:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1147:Orach Chayim
1146:
1138:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1060:
1050:
1034:
1032:
1022:
1010:
1003:
989:
987:
979:
974:
970:
966:
964:
953:
951:
939:
926:
914:
906:
904:
894:
890:
885:
870:
868:
860:
848:
838:
834:
832:
815:
809:
799:
787:
783:
779:
769:
764:
760:
736:
735:
730:
726:
722:
720:
710:
706:
702:
696:
694:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
671:
666:
662:
660:
654:
647:Israel Bruna
636:
622:The "Rema" (
621:
600:Italian Jews
595:
587:
585:
568:
560:
552:
549:Isaac Alfasi
544:
537:
527:
522:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
484:
482:
459:
453:
448:
437:
431:
427:Even Ha'ezer
420:
415:
403:
397:
393:Orach Chayim
380:
378:
346:Even Ha'ezer
303:Orach Chayim
289:
283:
279:
277:
269:
265:Even Ha'ezer
263:
259:
238:
224:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
175:
173:
144:
126:
125:
123:
113:
4085:Catholicism
3667:Hellenistic
3505:Eschatology
3443:Lachoudisch
3368:Lotegorisch
3346:Lachoudisch
3336:Koiné Greek
3249:Judeo-Latin
3186:Palestinian
3080:Palestinian
2929:Mustaʿravim
2855:Afghan Jews
2843:Berber Jews
2767:Bene Israel
2755:Falash Mura
2745:Beta Israel
2663:Persecution
2605:Middle Ages
2211:Bais Yaakov
2181:Torah study
1872:Urim Vtumim
1847:Urim Vtumim
1845:1:75 &
1831:Chavas Yair
1761:Mateh Yosef
1567:Also spelt
1498:, by Rabbi
1416:Chayei Adam
1362:Beiur HaGra
1360:decisions.
1307:Moses Sofer
1265:Samuel Loew
1250:("Entry to
1153:Turei Zahav
940:Shut HaBach
936:Meir Lublin
911:Joel Sirkis
539:heights of
515:Yad Malachi
432:Beit Shmuel
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385:Rashi print
375:Page layout
325:Yoreh De'ah
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149:legal codes
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4201:1565 books
4185:Categories
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3889:Leadership
3702:Literature
3687:Secularism
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3470:Philosophy
3311:Judeo-Urdu
3075:Babylonian
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2298:Rabbinates
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2023:Torah.org
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1596:AJS Review
1556:References
1447:(by Rabbi
1367:Vilna Gaon
1303:Akiva Eger
1301:), Rabbis
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1183:Yoreh Deah
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817:a fortiori
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727:Beit Yosef
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507:Beit Yosef
503:Beit Yosef
499:Beit Yosef
490:Beit Yosef
468:Beit Yosef
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327:– laws of
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3006:Diasporic
3001:Languages
2946:Sephardim
2941:Romaniote
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1849:CM-25:124
1829:Responsa
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3906:Marriage
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3717:/Hebrew
3662:Haymanot
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3576:Branches
3549:Kabbalah
3544:Haskalah
3522:Holiness
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3378:Shassagh
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3321:Kayliñña
3215:Yinglish
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2900:Teimanim
2865:Baghdadi
2838:Maghrebi
2806:Karaites
2784:Gruzínim
2772:Kochinim
2690:Diaspora
2648:Karaites
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2570:Timeline
2491:Category
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2427:Responsa
2381:Mizrachi
2305:Rabbanut
2289:Sikrikim
2240:Politics
2196:Chavurah
2191:Chavrusa
2122:Branches
2067:July 29,
1986:Archived
1969:Archived
1956:Articles
1941:(1997).
1513:yeshivas
1405:. Rabbi
1373:rishonim
1358:Halachic
1354:responsa
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757:responsa
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319:holidays
258:Page of
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66:Language
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3965:Studies
3911:Divorce
3877:Kashrut
3872:Cuisine
3830:Culture
3761:Midrash
3756:Tosefta
3746:Mishnah
3734:Ketuvim
3729:Nevi'im
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3682:Science
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3643:Renewal
3604:Litvaks
3599:Hasidic
3554:Sefirot
3539:Halakha
3510:Messiah
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3478:Beliefs
3432:Western
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3413:Litvish
3403:Eastern
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3388:Shuadit
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3361:Tetuani
3356:Haketia
3331:Knaanic
3326:Kivruli
3274:Bukhori
3220:Heblish
3156:Hulaulá
3146:Barzani
3102:Yahudic
3035:Mizrahi
2895:Urfalim
2850:Mizrahi
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2789:Italkim
2718:Lita'im
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2206:Mesivta
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1900:Sefaria
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3517:Ethics
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3351:Ladino
3316:Karaim
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632:poskim
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4120:Islam
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3918:Music
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3803:Zohar
3724:Torah
3719:Bible
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