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Shulchan Aruch

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824:—that the halakhah does not go according to them—they said 'if like the School of Shammai according to their leniencies and their stringencies': The RaMBaM, is the greatest of all the Torah authorities, and all the communities of the Land of Israel and the Arab-controlled lands and the West practice according to his word, and accepted him upon themselves as their Chief Rabbi. Whoever practices according to him with his leniencies and his stringencies, why coerce them to budge from him? And all the more so if also their fathers and forefathers practiced accordingly: for their children are not to turn right or left from the RaMBaM of blessed memory. And even if communities that practice according to the 49: 4154: 2489: 4168: 630:, Darkhei Moshe, at about the same time as Yosef Karo. Karo finished his work "Bet Yosef" first, and it was first presented to the Rema as a gift from one of his students. Upon receiving the gift, the Rema could not understand how he had spent so many years unaware of Karo's efforts. After looking through the Bet Yosef, the Rema realized that Karo had mainly relied upon Sephardic 2112: 255: 571:) as his standards, accepting as authoritative the opinion of two of the three, except in cases where most of the ancient authorities were against them or in cases where there was already an accepted custom contrary to his ruling. The net result of these last exceptions is that in a number of cases Karo rules in favour of the Catalan school of 877:, they would not have written them. It is better for one to decide on the basis of the Talmud even though he might err, for a scholar must depend solely on his understanding. As such, he is beloved of God, and preferable to the one who rules from a code but does not know the reason for the ruling; such a one walks like a blind person. 579:("the Rashba"), thus indirectly reflecting Ashkenazi opinions, even against the consensus of Alfasi and Maimonides. Karo very often decides disputed cases without necessarily considering the age and importance of the authority in question, expressing simply his own views. He follows Maimonides' example, as seen in 657:
on many occasions based his decision on these sources, Isserles gave them more prominence in developing practical legal rulings. By incorporating these other opinions, Isserles actually addressed some major criticisms regarding what many viewed as the arbitrary selection of the three authorities upon
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rom their wells do we drink and should a question arise (on their work), not for this shall we come to annul their words, rather we must study further as much as we can, and if we are unable to resolve (our question) then we will ascribe it to our own lack of knowledge and not (as a reason to) annul
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Karo initially intended to rely on his own judgment regarding differences of opinion between the various authorities, especially where he could support his own view based on the Talmud. But he wrote that he abandoned this idea because: "Who has the courage to rear his head aloft among mountains, the
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If one does not find their statements correct and is able to maintain his own views with evidence that is acceptable to his contemporaries...he may contradict the earlier statements, since all matters that are not clarified in the Babylonian Talmud may be questioned and restated by any person, and
1049:(known as the "Ravad", 1110–1180). The answer may lie in the fact that the criticism by ibn Daud undermined confidence in Maimonides' work, while Isserles (who corresponded with Karo) does not simply criticize, but supplements Karo's work extensively. The result was that Ashkenazim accepted the 956:, as almost all his words lack accompanying explanations, particularly (when writing about) monetary law. Besides this, we see that many legal doubts arise daily, and are mostly the subject of scholarly debate, necessitating vast wisdom and proficiency to arrive at a sufficiently sourced ruling. 828:
or other authorities like him became the majority, they cannot coerce the minority of congregations practicing according to the RaMBaM of blessed memory, to practice like they do. And there is no issue here concerning the prohibition against having two courts in the same city , since every
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Unlike the Tur, Maimonides' code includes all fields of Jewish law, of both present-day relevance and those dealing with prior and future times (such as laws of sacrifices, Messiah, Kings, etc.). For Karo, whose interest lay in ruling on the practical issues, the Tur seemed a better
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differed from the earlier ones. On the contrary, we regard the statements of later scholars to be more authoritative because they knew the reasoning of the earlier scholars as well as their own, and took it into consideration in making their decision
464:. As commentaries on the work proliferated more sophisticated printing styles became required, similar to those of the Talmud.Additionally, many recent publishers have reformatted this work with the intent to make it more accessible to the reader. 598:, although not considered as great an authority as Maimonides' code, was much more widely known; the latter being recognized only among the Spanish Jews, while the former enjoyed a high reputation among the Ashkenazim and Sephardim, as well as the 1002:(4th century) the Halakha was to be decided according to the views of the earlier scholars, but from that time onward, the halakhic opinions of post-talmudic scholars would prevail over the contrary opinions of a previous generation" (see 1081:(d. 1764) wrote that the great breadth of the work would make it impossible to constantly come to the correct conclusion if not for the "spirit of God". Therefore, says Eybeschutz, one can not rely on a view not presented by the 525:
was a summary of Karo's earlier rulings in Beit Yosef which he then gave to certain of his students to edit and compile. He concludes that this would then account for those seemingly self-contradictory instances in the
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was one of these. In the century after it was published by Karo (whose vision was a unified Judaism under the Sephardic traditions) it became the code of law for Ashkenazim, together with the later commentaries of
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has achieved widespread acceptance. It is frequently even studied as a stand-alone commentary, since it is assumed to discuss all or most of the views of the major commentaries on the topics that it covers.
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re its contemporary function and status. The author himself had no very high opinion of the work, remarking that he had written it chiefly for "young students". He never refers to it in his
1053:, assuming that together with Isserles' glosses it was a reliable authority. This then became broadly accepted among Jewish communities around the world as the binding Jewish legal code. 1274:
were self-published (primarily in the late 17th and early 18th centuries) with commentaries by various rabbis, although these commentaries never achieved significant recognition.
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Karo intended to give not merely the results of his investigations (as Maimonides' code did), but also the investigations themselves. He wished not only to aid the officiating
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authorities had been forced to give way to Polish ones as early as the beginning of the sixteenth century. Karo had already been opposed by several Sephardic contemporaries,
701:("prevailing local custom") is also a point of dispute between Karo and Isserles: while Karo held fast to original authorities and material reasons, Isserles considered the 965:
The strongest criticism against all such codes of Jewish law is the contention that they inherently violate the principle that halakha must be decided according to the
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questions from the codes without knowing the source of the ruling was not the intent of these authors. Had they known that their works would lead to the abandonment of
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in the performance of his duties, but also to trace for the student the development of particular laws from the Talmud through later rabbinical literature.
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became the accepted standard not only in Europe and the diaspora, but even in the land of Israel where they had previously followed other authorities.
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achieved its reputation and popularity not only against the wishes of the author, but, perhaps, through the very scholars who criticized it.
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Following its initial appearance, many rabbis criticised the appearance of this latest code of Jewish law, echoing similar criticisms of
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as an object of great importance, and not to be omitted in a codex. This point, especially, induced Isserles to write his glosses to the
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In the late 18th century, there were several attempts to recompile the major halakhic opinions into a simpler, more accessible form.
387:—and indicated by a preceding "הגה"—interspersed with Karo's text. Surrounding this are the primary commentators for the section: 3009: 2863: 2358: 2044:
includes links to resources which translate not just parts of the Mishna Berura, but also the corresponding parts of Orach Chayim.
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rulings were not necessarily accepted as binding among the Franco-German Jews, perhaps owing to the criticism and influence of
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were Karo's first important adversaries in Eastern Europe. Further in response to those who wished to force the rulings of the
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The later major halachic authorities defer to both Karo and Isserles and cite their work as the baseline from which further
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are studied in many Jewish schools throughout the world on a daily basis. There is also a daily study program known as the
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without being fully conversant with the Talmudic source(s) of the ruling: "In these generations, those who rule from the
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without knowing the reasoning and Talmudic basis ... are among the 'destroyers of the world' and should be protested."
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Davis, Joseph (October 2002). "The Reception of the Shulhan 'Arukh and the Formation of Ashkenazic Jewish Identity".
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In place of Karo's three standard authorities, Isserles cites "the later authorities" (chiefly based on the works of
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In the aside page, Karo's and Isserles' combined text is in the center of the page, top; since the 17th century, the
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became an authoritative code, despite significant opposition, and even against the will of its author, while
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on the lack of an existing and widely accepted custom to the contrary. Eventually though, the rulings of the
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generally follow the Sephardic custom. The Rema added his glosses and published them as a commentary on the
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of blessed memory, to go by any one of the early or latter-day Torah authorities?! ... Is it not a case of
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in his old age, for the benefit of those who did not possess the education necessary to understand the
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This article is about the work by Rabbi Yosef Karo. For the work by Rabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi, see
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note where the Sephardic and Ashkenazi customs differ. These glosses are widely referred to as the
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and other countries. Previously unwritten laws and customs were being compiled and recorded; the
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Who is he whose heart conspires to approach forcing congregations who practice according to the
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two years later. Together with its commentaries, it is the most widely accepted compilation of
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A wealth of later works include commentary and exposition by such halachic authorities as the
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includes translations of most of Even Haezer, and a small part of the rest of Shulchan Aruch.
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Similarly, many later halachic authorities predicated the acceptance of the authority of the
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chapter 165 who ascribes to Karo's rulings the status of issues already settled by the
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While these major commentaries enjoy widespread acceptance, some early editions of the
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community to attempt a summary of the opinions in the above-mentioned works in his
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Recognition or denial of Karo's authority lay entirely with the Polish Talmudists.
646: 599: 548: 509:, Karo read opinions in books he hadn't seen before, which he then included in the 392: 384: 302: 889:(known as the "Maharsha", 1555–1631), criticized those who rule directly from the 1128:) several decades after the main work. Important works by the later authorities ( 3931: 3446: 3371: 3349: 3252: 2846: 2775: 2770: 2758: 2748: 2214: 2184: 1419: 1396: 1306: 1264: 1089:(d. 1819) said that the reason one can not rely on a view not formulated in the 935: 910: 452: 160: 59: 1455:
of Hungary). Danzig's and Ganzfried's works do not follow the structure of the
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cites a later halachic authority (Shmuel Abuhab) who reports rumors that the
298:. There are four volumes, each subdivided into many chapters and paragraphs: 3946: 3411: 3302: 3213: 2831: 2765: 1716: 1537: 1485: 1334: 1130: 795: 650: 310: 2782: 2111: 743:
for all ritual and legal questions that arose after the destruction of the
729:. The format of this work parallels that adopted by Jacob ben Asher in his 2047: 3665: 3607: 3552: 3547: 3218: 2292: 2199: 2194: 1983:
Historical background on when Rabbi Karo wrote the Shulchan Aruch and why
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On the margins are various other commentaries and cross references; see
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Karo's work as well as Isserles', with Karo usually referred to as "the
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period. It laid down the law and states that "until the time of Rabbis
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as a book for "children and ignoramuses", and Jacob Castro, whose work
752: 748: 353: 328: 314: 270: 222:, "author") and Isserles as "the Rema" (an acronym of Moshe Isserles). 168: 79: 3951: 3818: 3754: 2379: 2219: 1838: 1013: 990: 874: 803: 697: 665:, entitled Darkhei Moshe, to focus only on rulings which differ from 340: 230: 206:
include this gloss, and the term "Shulchan Aruch" has come to denote
164: 156: 92: 1348:, by Rabbi Moshe Rivkash, provides cross-references to the Talmud, 2504: 501:, it includes various rulings that are not mentioned at all in the 254: 3902: 3897: 3851: 3806: 3727: 3722: 2986: 2741: 2711: 2189: 1062: 995: 631: 606: 253: 152: 829:
congregation should practice according to its original custom ...
4001: 2535: 2250: 2011: 2508: 2083: 2021: 1104:, beginning soon after its publication. The first major gloss, 1514:, especially among those typically associated with Ashkenazic 143:, literally: "Set Table"), sometimes dubbed in English as the 1116:
appeared. Isserles' student, Yehoshua Falk HaKohen published
1441:(usually published as commentaries in most editions of the 1016:
may be differed from him ... just as the statements of the
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Several reasons induced Karo to connect his work with the
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After realizing this, the Rema shortened his work on the
229:, the 16th century was an era of legal codification in 952:
It is impossible to rule (in most cases) based on the
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limited English translation includes chapters not in
913:(1561–1640), rabbi and author of a commentary to the 383:
has been printed with Isserles' annotations in small
938:, author of the commentary on the Bach entitled the 487:
is largely based on an earlier work by Karo, titled
3967: 3832: 3704: 3578: 3472: 3003: 2692: 2622: 2564: 2439: 2408: 2367: 2301: 2243: 2177: 2151: 2125: 109: 99: 85: 75: 65: 55: 1100:A large body of commentaries have appeared on the 688:'Set Table.' Almost all published editions of the 202:"Set Table". Almost all published editions of the 1356:, and thereby indicates the various sources for 497:is largely a codification of the rulings of the 1788:Netivoth Olam-Netiv HaTorah (end of chapter 15) 1344:Several commentaries are printed on each page. 1071: 1009: 986: 950: 867: 808: 366:(personal and financial), and the rules of the 1395:wrote a "Shulchan Aruch" at the behest of the 733:, but more concisely; without citing sources. 147:, is the most widely consulted of the various 2520: 2354:Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations (UOHC) 2095: 1743:Yom Tov Tzahalon, responsa, no. 67, beginning 362:– laws of finance, financial responsibility, 8: 1968:of this article from the 1906 public domain 943: 929: 920: 41: 4009:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 1687:, Karo, printed in the first volume of the 1659:, Karo, printed in the first volume of the 1033:The controversy itself may explain why the 969:sages; this principle is commonly known as 2689: 2527: 2513: 2505: 2102: 2088: 2080: 2048:Shulchan Aruch with its major commentaries 47: 40: 1165:Orach Chayim, Yoreh Deah and Even ha-Ezer 225:Due to the increased availability of the 186:generally follow the halachic rulings of 2556:Index of Jewish history-related articles 626:) started writing his commentary on the 4055:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 2359:International Rabbinic Fellowship (IRF) 1564: 865:(known as "Maharal", 1520–1609) wrote: 461: 27:Book of Jewish law by Rabbi Joseph Karo 4210:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law 1173:("Lips of the priest", abbreviated as 684:, literally, the 'tablecloth,' to the 1715:, Azoulay, Choshen Mishpat 25:29 and 1484:") is a collation of the opinions of 1338: 198:(literally: the "tablecloth") to the 138: 7: 1370:as mentioned, traces the underlying 786:consists of critical glosses to the 658:whose opinions Karo based his work. 653:) as criteria of opinion. While the 513:. In his famous methodological work 246:and the 17th century Polish rabbis. 2339:Rabbinical Council of America (RCA) 2042:Mishna Berura § External links 944: 930: 921: 219: 135: 4002:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 3982:American Jewish Historical Society 1134:) include but are not limited to: 1112:, was published shortly after the 845:Criticism by Karo's contemporaries 649:, together with the Franco-German 370:, as well as the laws of witnesses 25: 4195:Rabbinic legal texts and responsa 1588:Codex Judaica, Mattis Kantor 2005 1065:evolve. The 17th-century scholar 1025:, Sanhedrin 4:6, responsa of the 802:upon those communities following 4166: 4153: 4152: 2488: 2487: 2472:Rabbinic authority / Da'as Torah 2110: 1635:, section Even Ha'ezer rule 4:30 1155:("Rows of Gold", abbreviated as 905:Another prominent critic of the 1225:Zechariah Mendel ben Aryeh Leib 749:Halakha § Orthodox Judaism 590:, instead of Maimonides' code. 505:, because after completing the 288:) follow the same structure as 151:in Judaism. It was authored in 4074:Relations with other religions 2053:'אליעזר פאפו' (Eliezer Papo). 1947:The Incomparable Gaon of Vilna 1824:Tzemach Tzedek, responsa, ch.9 1540:Rabbis for their communities. 1532:, and much more recently, the 925:, commonly abbreviated as the 844: 1: 4061:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 1763:sec. Yoreh-Deah 53, Responsa 1197:Samuel ben Uri Shraga Phoebus 339:; laws pertaining to Israel; 3992:Leo Baeck Institute New York 3987:American Sephardi Federation 1985:from the 1906 public domain 1927:Beur HaGra on Shulchan Arukh 1814:Shu"t HaBach Hachadashot, 42 1755:in responsum ch. 6 and 124, 1074:the words of these geniuses. 857:Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel 672:The halachic rulings in the 174:The halachic rulings in the 171:or Jewish law ever written. 2815:Constantinopolitan Karaites 2319:Central Rabbinical Congress 1012:even the statements of the 4231: 4043:National Library of Israel 2684:Zionism, race and genetics 2256:United Torah Judaism (UTJ) 1685:Introduction to Beit Yosef 1675:, sec. 'Orach Chaim', Karo 1673:Introduction to Beit Yosef 1657:Introduction to Beit Yosef 1256:Hayyim Mordecai Margolioth 1205:Moses ben Isaac Judah Lima 977:follows the later ones"). 919:entitled the "New House" ( 543:?" Hence Karo adopted the 519:Malachi ben Jacob HaKohen 476: 155:, Ottoman Syria (today in 29: 4141: 3997:Yeshiva University Museum 3977:Center for Jewish History 2546: 2485: 2375:Agudath Israel of America 1645:Malachi ben Jacob HaKohen 1612:10.1017/S0364009402000065 1341:re these type of works. 1311:Chaim Joseph David Azulai 1067:Joshua Höschel ben Joseph 988:This rule dates from the 753:Yeshiva § Jewish law 282:(and its forerunner, the 180:Sephardic law and customs 163:in 1563 and published in 46: 2589:Ancient Israel and Judah 2334:Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah 2235:Orthodox Jewish outreach 2038:: covers the whole book. 2031:: covers the whole book. 1757:Chaim Yosef David Azulai 1141:("Abraham's shield") by 534:The standard authorities 2965:North African Sephardim 2938:Jewish tribes of Arabia 2329:Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah 1779:Zeraim, sec. Sheviis 23 1719:in his introduction to 1633:Responsa: Ginat Veradim 739:has been "the code" of 190:, whose glosses to the 140:[ʃulˈħanʕaˈrux] 4068:Holocaust Encyclopedia 4038:Jewish Virtual Library 2283:Noam (political party) 1878:Choshen Mishpat,25:124 1504:Yechiel Michel Epstein 1393:Shneur Zalman of Liadi 1243:Joseph ben Meir Teomim 1219:("Well-Explained") by 1076: 1031: 1008: 980:A modern commentator, 958: 879: 863:Judah Loew ben Bezalel 831: 695:The importance of the 275: 4015:Encyclopaedia Judaica 3797:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 2982:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 2732:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 2462:Torah im Derech Eretz 2007:Hebrew edition online 1536:are similar works by 1448:Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 1413:was the first in the 1118:Sefer Me'irath Enayim 851:previous codes of law 820:, that regarding the 778:, who designated the 473:Its premise and style 333:conversion to Judaism 257: 4200:Sephardi Jews topics 2594:Second Temple period 2395:World Agudath Israel 2029:Orach Chayim summary 1841:. See also responsa 1800:, Maharsha, Sota 22a 1429:. Similar works are 1406:Shulchan Aruch HaRav 1352:, commentaries, and 1241:("Choice Fruit") by 1087:Yehuda Heller Kahana 971:hilkheta ke-vatra'ei 759:, but always to the 709:, that the customs ( 692:include this gloss. 32:Shulchan Aruch HaRav 4032:Jewish Encyclopedia 3777:Hekhalot literature 3588:Religious movements 3123:Judeo-Tripolitanian 2273:National Union (NU) 2036:Yoreh De'ah summary 2022:The Sefaria Library 1987:Jewish Encyclopedia 1970:Jewish Encyclopedia 1915:Rabbi Moshe Rivkash 1472:, the main work of 1401:Dovber of Mezeritch 1287:Netivoth ha-Mishpat 1263:("Half-Shekel") by 1079:Jonathan Eybeschutz 882:Rabbi Shmuel Eidels 745:Temple in Jerusalem 356:and related issues; 43: 4173:Judaism portal 4109:Jews and Halloween 4104:Jews and Christmas 3494:Rabbinic authority 3246:Judaeo-Piedmontese 2679:Xueta Christianity 2584:Origins of Judaism 2551:Outline of Judaism 2018:as of August 2010. 1992:2011-06-28 at the 1975:2011-06-28 at the 1798:Chiddushei Aggados 1703:to Yoreh De'ah, 35 1478:Yisrael Meir Kagan 1337:work. See further 1279:Ketzoth ha-Choshen 1261:Machatzit HaShekel 1161:David HaLevi Segal 1096:Major commentaries 741:Rabbinical Judaism 276: 145:Code of Jewish Law 4182: 4181: 4148:extinct languages 4049:YIVO Encyclopedia 3824:Hebrew literature 3792:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 3632:Reconstructionist 3310:Judaeo-Portuguese 2999: 2998: 2955:Eastern Sephardim 2599:Synagogal Judaism 2502: 2501: 2457:Religious Zionism 2344:Agudas HaRabbonim 2288:Jerusalem Faction 2169:Hasidic dynasties 2067:on August 2, 2020 1888:Kuntras HaSfeikos 1767:sec. Yoreh-Deah 2 1486:later authorities 1435:Sha'arei Teshuvah 1415:Lithuanian Jewish 1234:Hezekiah da Silva 1232:("New Fruit") by 1179:Shabbatai HaKohen 1124:, abbreviated as 901:Rabbi Yoel Sirkis 822:School of Shammai 784:Erekh ha-Shulchan 577:Shlomo ibn Aderet 479:Beit Yosef (book) 268:section, laws of 178:generally follow 122: 121: 100:Publication place 16:(Redirected from 4222: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4156: 4155: 3288:Judeo-Golpaygani 2889:Palestinian Jews 2864:Alexandrian Jews 2820:Crimean Karaites 2737:Unterlander Jews 2690: 2604:Rabbinic Judaism 2529: 2522: 2515: 2506: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2349:United Synagogue 2324:Iggud HaRabbonim 2314:Edah HaChareidis 2119: 2118:Orthodox Judaism 2114: 2104: 2097: 2090: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2066: 2060:. Archived from 2059: 1949: 1939: 1933: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1860: 1854: 1847:Sheilat Ya'avetz 1831: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1786: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1761:Machazik Braccha 1750: 1744: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1710: 1704: 1698: 1692: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1569: 1548:Sections of the 1512:Orthodox Judaism 1499:Aruch HaShulchan 1453:Shlomo Ganzfried 1439:Pitchei Teshuvah 1384:Later collations 1295:Yechezkel Landau 1248:Shaarei Teshuvah 1201:Chelkat Mechokek 1143:Avraham Gombiner 1063:halachic rulings 1047:Abraham ibn Daud 961:Other criticisms 947: 946: 933: 932: 924: 923: 776:Yom Tov Tzahalon 686:Shulchan Aruch's 643:Israel Isserlein 565:Asher ben Jehiel 438:Chelkat Mechokek 221: 200:Shulchan Aruch's 142: 137: 110:Preceded by 87:Publication date 51: 44: 36:Aruch HaShulchan 21: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4167: 4165: 4137: 3963: 3828: 3700: 3574: 3468: 3283:Judeo-Borujerdi 3258:Judeo-Malayalam 3204:Judeo-Aragonese 3175:Lishanid Noshan 3007: 2995: 2727:Oberlander Jews 2688: 2618: 2560: 2542: 2533: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2481: 2435: 2421:Mishnah Berurah 2404: 2363: 2297: 2278:The Jewish Home 2239: 2173: 2147: 2121: 2117: 2108: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2057: 2052: 2003: 2001:Study resources 1994:Wayback Machine 1977:Wayback Machine 1962: 1957: 1952: 1943:Moshe Meiselman 1940: 1936: 1925: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1898: 1894: 1886: 1882: 1874: 1870: 1861: 1857: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1810:Shut HaBach, 80 1808: 1804: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1753:MahaRam Galanti 1751: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1721:Yam Shel Shlomo 1711: 1707: 1699: 1695: 1691:, 'Orach Chaim' 1683: 1679: 1671: 1667: 1663:, 'Orach Chaim' 1655: 1651: 1643: 1639: 1631: 1627: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1546: 1492:section of the 1386: 1350:other law codes 1322:Mishnah Berurah 1320:In particular, 1221:Judah Ashkenazi 1187:Choshen Mishpat 1122:Choshen Mishpat 1098: 1091:Shulchan Jewry. 1059: 963: 903: 884: 859: 847: 721:Karo wrote the 719: 620: 536: 493:. Although the 481: 475: 470: 454:Me'irat Einayim 445:Choshen Mishpat 377: 360:Choshen Mishpat 296:Jacob ben Asher 252: 136:שֻׁלְחָן עָרוּך 88: 42:Shulchan Aruch 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4228: 4226: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4187: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4162: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4115:non-Christian 4113: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4071: 4064: 4057: 4052: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4011: 4006: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3973: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3961: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3918: 3917: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3890: 3885: 3884: 3883: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3838: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3814:Shulchan Aruch 3811: 3810: 3809: 3804: 3802:Sefer Yetzirah 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3782:Pardes Rimonim 3779: 3772:Kabbalah texts 3769: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3716: 3710: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3650: 3649: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3584: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3565:Land of Israel 3562: 3561: 3560: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3490: 3489: 3478: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3466: 3461: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3443: 3441:Judeo-Alsatian 3433: 3432: 3431: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3362: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3293:Judeo-Hamedani 3290: 3285: 3280: 3270: 3268:Judaeo-Occitan 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3209:Jewish English 3206: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3140:Judaeo-Aramaic 3137: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3128:Judeo-Tunisian 3125: 3120: 3118:Judeo-Moroccan 3115: 3114: 3113: 3111:Judeo-Baghdadi 3098: 3093: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3015: 3013: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2989: 2979: 2978: 2977: 2967: 2962: 2960:Livornese Jews 2957: 2947: 2942: 2941: 2940: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2807: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2756: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2707:Afrikaner-Jode 2698: 2696: 2687: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2628: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2570: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2534: 2532: 2531: 2524: 2517: 2509: 2500: 2499: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2416:Shulchan Aruch 2412: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2390:Orthodox Union 2387: 2382: 2377: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2261:Agudat Yisrael 2253: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2230:Chinuch Atzmai 2227: 2225:Torah Umesorah 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2099: 2092: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2050: 2045: 2039: 2032: 2025: 2019: 2012:Shulkhan Arukh 2009: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1980: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1955:External links 1953: 1951: 1950: 1934: 1919: 1907: 1892: 1880: 1868: 1855: 1843:Tzemach Tzedek 1826: 1817: 1812:, Sirkis, and 1802: 1790: 1781: 1769: 1745: 1736: 1734:, Introduction 1732:Shulchan Aruch 1724: 1705: 1701:Darkhei Mosheh 1693: 1677: 1665: 1649: 1637: 1625: 1606:(2): 251–276. 1590: 1581: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1550:Shulchan Aruch 1545: 1542: 1508:Shulchan Aruch 1494:Shulchan Aruch 1457:Shulchan Aruch 1445:), as well as 1443:Shulchan Aruch 1426:Chochmath Adam 1411:Abraham Danzig 1399:leader, Rabbi 1385: 1382: 1346:Be'er ha-Golah 1333:is a similar 1326:Shulchan Aruch 1299:Dagul Mervavah 1283:Avnei Millu'im 1272:Shulchan Aruch 1268: 1267: 1258: 1245: 1236: 1227: 1212: 1190: 1168: 1150: 1114:Shulchan Aruch 1110:Moses Isserles 1102:Shulchan Aruch 1097: 1094: 1083:Shulchan Aruch 1058: 1055: 1051:Shulchan Aruch 1041:' (1135–1204) 1035:Shulchan Aruch 1023:Piskei Ha'Rosh 1004:Piskei Ha'Rosh 962: 959: 954:Shulchan Aruch 907:Shulchan Aruch 902: 899: 895:Shulchan Aruch 891:Shulchan Aruch 883: 880: 858: 855: 846: 843: 839:Shulchan Aruch 835:Shulchan Aruch 806:, Karo wrote: 800:Shulchan Aruch 792:Moses Isserles 788:Shulchan Aruch 780:Shulchan Aruch 765:Shulchan Aruch 737:Shulchan Aruch 723:Shulchan Aruch 718: 715: 707:Shulchan Aruch 690:Shulchan Aruch 678:Shulchan Aruch 674:Shulchan Aruch 624:Moses Isserles 619: 618:Moses Isserles 616: 615: 614: 610: 603: 535: 532: 528:Shulchan Aruch 523:Shulchan Aruch 511:Shulchan Aruch 495:Shulchan Aruch 485:Shulchan Aruch 477:Main article: 474: 471: 469: 466: 458: 457: 441: 423: 407: 381:Shulchan Aruch 376: 373: 372: 371: 357: 343: 322: 260:Shulchan Aruch 251: 248: 244:Moses Isserles 239:Shulchan Aruch 235:Ottoman Empire 227:printing press 204:Shulchan Aruch 192:Shulchan Aruch 188:Moses Isserles 184:Ashkenazi Jews 176:Shulchan Aruch 127:Shulchan Aruch 120: 119: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 89: 86: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 26: 24: 18:Shulchan Arukh 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4227: 4216: 4215:Sifrei Kodesh 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4175: 4174: 4163: 4161: 4160: 4151: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4140: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4099:Protestantism 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4081: 4080: 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3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3571: 3570:Who is a Jew? 3568: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3499:Chosen people 3497: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3456: 3455:Scots-Yiddish 3453: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3428:Klezmer-loshn 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3298:Judeo-Shirazi 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3273:Judeo-Persian 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3263:Judeo-Marathi 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3241:Judeo-Italian 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3096:Judeo-Amazigh 3094: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2983: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2919:Hadhrami Jews 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2884:Mountain Jews 2882: 2880: 2879:Egyptian Jews 2877: 2875: 2874:Bukharan Jews 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2662:Lists of Jews 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2497: 2484: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2447:Torah Judaism 2445: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2370: 2368:Organizations 2366: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2266:Degel HaTorah 2264: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2159:Orthodox Jews 2157: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2113: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2082: 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1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1482:Chafetz Chaim 1479: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1469:Mishna Berura 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1216:Ba'er Heiteiv 1213: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:Siftei Khohen 1169: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1139:Magen Avraham 1137: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1043:Mishneh Torah 1040: 1036: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 992: 985: 983: 982:Menachem Elon 978: 976: 972: 968: 960: 957: 955: 949: 941: 937: 928: 918: 917: 916:Arba'ah Turim 912: 908: 900: 898: 896: 892: 888: 887:Samuel Eidels 881: 878: 876: 872: 866: 864: 856: 854: 852: 842: 840: 836: 830: 827: 823: 819: 818: 813: 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 772:German Jewish 768: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 732: 731:Arba'ah Turim 728: 724: 716: 714: 712: 708: 704: 700: 699: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 670: 668: 664: 659: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 639:Yaakov Moelin 635: 633: 629: 628:Arba'ah Turim 625: 617: 611: 608: 604: 601: 597: 593: 592: 591: 589: 584: 582: 581:Mishneh Torah 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 533: 531: 529: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 491: 486: 480: 472: 467: 465: 463: 456: 455: 450: 446: 442: 440: 439: 434: 433: 428: 424: 422: 418: 417: 412: 408: 406: 405: 400: 399: 398:Magen Avraham 394: 390: 389: 388: 386: 382: 374: 369: 365: 361: 358: 355: 351: 347: 344: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 323: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 301: 300: 299: 297: 293: 292: 291:Arba'ah Turim 287: 286: 281: 280:Shulhan Arukh 273: 272: 267: 266: 261: 256: 249: 247: 245: 240: 236: 232: 228: 223: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 172: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 141: 133: 129: 128: 118: 116: 112: 108: 105: 104:Ottoman Syria 102: 98: 94: 90: 84: 81: 78: 74: 71: 68: 64: 61: 58: 54: 50: 45: 37: 33: 19: 4164: 4157: 4143: 4066: 4059: 4047: 4030: 4013: 3847:perspectives 3813: 3681:Samaritanism 3642:Neo-Hasidism 3622:Conservative 3536:Names of God 3445: 3426: 3236:Judaeo-Greek 3231:Judeo-Gascon 3170:Lishán Didán 3165:Lishana Deni 3133:Judeo-Yemeni 3101:Judeo-Arabic 2975:Meshuchrarim 2894:Persian Jews 2827:Kurdish Jews 2805:Kaifeng Jews 2754:Beta Abraham 2717:Galitzianers 2672:Antisemitism 2647:Israeli Jews 2632:Assimilation 2492:   2467:Torah Umadda 2440:Philosophies 2415: 2400:Young Israel 2115:   2069:. 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Index

Shulchan Arukh
Shulchan Aruch HaRav
Aruch HaShulchan

Joseph Karo
Hebrew
Halakha
Venice
Ottoman Syria
Beit Yosef
Hebrew
[ʃulˈħanʕaˈrux]
legal codes
Safed
Israel
Joseph Karo
Venice
halakha
Sephardic law and customs
Ashkenazi Jews
Moses Isserles
Hebrew
printing press
Poland
Ottoman Empire
Moses Isserles

Even Ha'ezer
ketubot
Beit Yosef

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