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276:-operated safety shutoff valve, a spring action closes the valve instantly when an electric current fails and the solenoid ceases to be energized. The solenoid circuit is generally arranged so that it is broken upon failure of any element of the system. This valve cannot be re-opened until the solenoid is again energized. The coil of the valve solenoid must be connected in series with all of the elements. For this to operate, fuel, air and steam pressure can be converted to electrical signals by means of
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For shutdown valves used in safety instrumented systems it is essential to know that the valve is capable of providing the required level of safety performance and that the valve will operate on demand. The required level of performance is dictated by the Safety
Requirements Specification, where
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and swing gate or guillotine valves. Because diesel engines ignite fuel using compression instead of an electronic ignition, shutting off the fuel source to a diesel engine will not necessarily stop the engine from running. When an external hydrocarbon, such as methane gas, is present in the
325:(SIL) is indicated. In order to maintain the level of performance required during the valve lifetime, the Safety Maintenance Manual prescription shall be fulfilled: one of the possible requests is to test the valve. Among the others 2 types of testing methods are:
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The type of actuation required depends upon the application, site facilities and also the physical space available although the majority of actuators used for shutdown valves are of the spring return type due to the fail safe nature of spring return systems.
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The performance standard of ESDVs may include the specification and testing of a closure time (e.g. to close in less than 10 seconds) and the specification and measurement of an acceptable leakage rate of fluid through the closed valve.
204:. If, however, the system failure has not been satisfactorily corrected, the circuit will remain open and moving the hand lever will not open the valve, because the valve stem remains disengaged from the handle.
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designed to stop the flow of a hazardous fluid upon the detection of a dangerous event. This provides protection against possible harm to people, equipment or the environment. Shutdown valves form part of a
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although other industries may also require this type of protection system. ESD valves are required by law on any equipment placed on an offshore drilling rig to prevent catastrophic events like the
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in an emergency. BDVs fail-safe to the open position upon failure of the control system. The type of valve, type of actuation and performance measurement are similar to an ESD valve.
332:- A manual test that allows the operator to determine whether the valve is in the "as good as new" condition by testing for all possible failure modes and requires a plant shutdown
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A diagram of the internal components of a safety shutoff valve. When this type of valve is tripped, the flow is quickly stopped and an indicator disc tells the operator that the
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Straight-through flow valves, such as rotary-shaft ball valves, are typically high-recovery valves. High recovery valves are valves that lose little energy due to little flow
338:- An automated on-line test that will detect a percentage of the possible failure modes of the shutdown valve. An example of this for a shutdown valve would be a
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172:, potentially leading to a catastrophic failure and explosion. When actuated, ESD valves stop the flow of air and prevent these failures.
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In addition to the fluid type, actuators also vary in the manner in which the energy is stored to operate the valve on demand as follows:
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has been opened by a failure somewhere in the system. When the system failure has been corrected so that the circuit is again closed, the
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As shutdown valves form part of a SIS it is necessary to operate the valve by means of an actuator. These actuators are normally
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so in special cases there may be additional items connected to the shutoff valve, such as a
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Valve that automatically stops the flow of a hazardous fluid in a dangerous event
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seated ball valves leads to overall lower costs when taking into account lost
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254:- Or spring return where the energy is stored by means of a compressed spring
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For air intake shut down, two distinct types are commonly utilized, i.e.
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342:. An example of a mechanical partial stroke test device can be found
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404:"Pressure-relieving and Depressuring Systems (API Standard 521)"
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atmosphere, it can be sucked into a diesel engine causing
152:. Flow paths are straight through. Rotary control valves,
109:) is a type of shutdown valve designed to depressurize a
435:. London: Health and Safety Executive. pp. 25–26.
262:- Energy is stored using a volume of compressed fluid
75:Shutdown valves are primarily associated with the
433:A guide to the Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996
402:American Petroleum Institute (January 2014).
133:are used as shut-down valves (SDV's). Use of
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83:explosion in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010.
296:However, sudden closing of a valve in a
200:can be opened by the action of the hand
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215:type. Typical examples of these are:
184:Pneumatically actuated shut down valve
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431:Health and Safety Executive (1996).
156:and ball valves are good examples.
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86:A safety shutoff valve should be
94:, fuel pressure, current from a
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411:American Petroleum Institute
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284:, or a diaphragm-operated
236:Electro-hydraulic actuator
66:safety instrumented system
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129:For fluids, metal seated
113:by directing vapour to a
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38:emergency shutdown valve
19:Not to be confused with
316:Performance measurement
323:Safety Integrity Level
259:double-acting cylinder
251:single-acting cylinder
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312:or an aerator valve.
310:pressure relief valve
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32:(also referred to as
54:safety shutoff valve
383:Standard EN161:2002
340:partial stroke test
468:Safety engineering
361:Pipeline transport
230:Hydraulic cylinder
223:Pneumatic cylinder
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194:electrical circuit
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77:petroleum industry
70:functional safety
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92:air pressure
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213:fluid power
131:ball valves
457:Categories
416:4 December
389:References
330:Proof test
150:turbulence
139:production
117:, vent or
81:BP Horizon
306:implosion
210:fail safe
176:Actuation
166:overspeed
143:inventory
88:fail-safe
355:See also
274:solenoid
58:actuated
56:) is an
278:bellows
463:Valves
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366:Piping
407:(PDF)
272:In a
202:lever
198:valve
135:metal
125:Types
115:flare
61:valve
52:; or
48:, or
437:ISBN
418:2019
344:here
280:, a
141:and
50:ESDV
304:or
168:or
107:BDV
46:ESD
42:ESV
36:or
34:SDV
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101:A
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