39:
229:. Next chief, Inayatullah Khan (1747–1787) was a successful General who won 22 battles against Bhangi misl and the Multan chiefs. In 1803, the Sial chief Ahmed Khan was forced to pay tribute to Ranjit Singh who ultimately conquered the Sial capital of Jhang in 1806. However, Ahmed Khan seized control of Jhang again in 1808 with the help of Pathans of Multan. The 1809
181:
700:
the death of his father, and travels to Jhang, where he and Hir, daughter of the Rajput chieftain of the Sial clan, fall in love. Their affair can only be sustained by Ranjha shedding his own chieftainly status to become Hir's father's buffalo-herd (mahinväl), thus enabling them to meet secretly in the grazing-grounds by the river Chenab.
286:
are pieces of fictional writing which refer to the Sials, who were the dominant tribe at the time. The two heroines, Heer is depicted as young and independent-minded daughter of a Sial chieftain in revolt against traditional tribal conservatism. Heer is portrayed as a Sial Rajput, and
Sahiban is also
699:
The Hir-Ranjha story is rather more complex in that even in its most reduced forms it implies a double rather than a single sequence of transitions associated with transformations of the hero. Dhido, a Rajput of Takht Hazara in north-western Panjab, known by his caste-name as Ranjha, leaves home on
428:
The Siyal clan of Jats of Jhang
District, according to both the shrine's hagiographic accounts and the earliest known history of the clan itself, was introduced to Islam by Baba Farid himself, who is said to have converted the clan's founder, Ray
253:
to Singh for several years. The Sials in Jhang, as in many other areas of the Punjab, had once been nomadic pastoralists. They did not necessarily cultivate all of the land that they controlled and it was the actions of the
1268:
1261:
249:
at the expense both of other Sikh chiefs and their peers among the other dominant communities. In 1816, Ahmed Khan was finally ousted, having previously been forced to pay
1254:
164:
in 1900, the authorities of the Raj classified the Sials who inhabited the Punjab as an "agricultural tribe", a term that was administratively synonymous with the "
821:
535:
The Panjab Chiefs: Historical and
Biographical Notices of the Principal Families in the Lahore and Rawalpindi Divisions of the Panjab, Volume 2
1414:
725:
692:
575:
543:
500:
465:
397:
356:
751:
2204:
773:
777:
161:
2199:
296:
306:
2194:
814:
319:
533:
600:
1508:
2209:
230:
168:" classification that was used for the purposes of determining the suitability of a person as a recruit to the
807:
1246:
213:
of Punjab. In the 18th century, Sial chief
Walidad Khan gained control of Rechna Doab including cities of
2049:
1225:
910:
1100:
905:
646:
1472:
1040:
680:
668:
347:(2000). "The Political and Religious Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid in Pak-pattan, Punjab".
169:
129:
1190:
741:
620:
403:
283:
258:
and, later, the land reforms of the Raj administration that caused them to turn to cultivation.
389:
950:
721:
688:
672:
628:
581:
571:
539:
506:
496:
490:
471:
461:
419:
411:
393:
352:
2094:
2084:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1760:
1671:
1616:
1561:
1546:
1404:
1361:
1338:
1210:
1205:
1075:
890:
876:
746:
612:
453:
385:
375:
344:
302:
113:
62:
781:
2054:
1870:
1676:
1566:
1396:
1215:
1200:
1070:
146:
2173:
2011:
1973:
1915:
1890:
1810:
1691:
1621:
1611:
1581:
1235:
1095:
1090:
1080:
1065:
651:
446:
310:
218:
714:
2188:
2138:
1805:
1490:
1452:
1055:
1050:
970:
960:
529:
489:
Mazumder, Rajit K. (2003). "Recruited
Peasants and the Restraint of Imperial Power".
315:
274:
195:
125:
564:
407:
2163:
2006:
1880:
1845:
1825:
1727:
1447:
1328:
1281:
1277:
1060:
920:
559:
246:
234:
165:
448:
Caste, Society and
Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
2074:
2034:
1626:
1462:
1376:
1371:
1333:
1140:
1125:
955:
925:
915:
604:
441:
279:
268:
255:
207:
150:
38:
452:. The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 140.
1651:
1528:
1381:
1353:
1195:
1170:
831:
457:
189:
423:
1981:
1900:
1820:
1556:
1422:
1160:
1135:
1130:
990:
975:
930:
866:
379:
799:
624:
180:
2133:
2001:
1991:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1795:
1740:
1686:
1631:
1571:
1467:
1289:
1230:
1120:
1025:
1015:
1010:
1005:
995:
570:(Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 4, 102–10, 248.
323:
121:
96:
76:
351:. New Delhi ; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 345–346.
2102:
1986:
1830:
1775:
1735:
1606:
1482:
1432:
1386:
1297:
1165:
1115:
1045:
1035:
945:
940:
935:
861:
616:
444:(2001). "Western 'orientalists' and the colonial perception of caste".
250:
226:
214:
141:
2168:
2153:
2148:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2044:
2029:
2021:
1953:
1938:
1910:
1895:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1835:
1815:
1800:
1790:
1785:
1770:
1765:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1719:
1709:
1701:
1641:
1636:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1551:
1536:
1518:
1500:
1457:
1442:
1437:
1427:
1323:
1305:
1155:
1145:
1105:
1085:
1030:
1020:
1000:
985:
980:
965:
900:
895:
885:
880:
871:
848:
199:
154:
86:
2158:
2143:
2128:
2123:
2107:
2039:
1963:
1958:
1925:
1920:
1905:
1855:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1646:
1541:
1513:
1343:
1315:
1285:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1150:
1110:
856:
843:
510:
415:
222:
179:
72:
51:
42:
2079:
1996:
1780:
1681:
1576:
1366:
1220:
632:
585:
475:
238:
210:
203:
117:
47:
1250:
803:
720:. Lahore : Research and Publication Centres. p. 131.
601:"Changes in Status and Occupation in Nineteenth Century Panjab"
194:
During the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century periods of the
716:
2116:
2093:
2020:
1972:
1718:
1700:
1527:
1499:
1481:
1413:
1395:
1352:
1314:
1296:
381:
Islamisation: comparative perspectives from history
92:
82:
68:
58:
33:
23:
713:
650:
611:. University of California Press. pp. 72–74.
563:
445:
157:tribe. However, they are also classified as Jats.
685:The Indian Narrative: Perspectives and Patterns
673:"Transition and Transformation in Varis Shah's
245:to consolidate territorial gains north of the
1262:
815:
8:
202:tribes were dominant in parts of the lower
1269:
1255:
1247:
822:
808:
800:
687:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 243.
384:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
370:
368:
712:Khan, Hussain Ahmad (2004). "Appendix".
657:. Lahore: Vanguard Books. pp. 9–17.
649:(1991). "Heer -- symbol of resistance".
492:The Indian Army and the Making of Punjab
390:10.3366/edinburgh/9781474417129.001.0001
299:, former federal and provincial minister
653:Resistance Themes in Punjabi Literature
609:Soundings in Modern South Asian History
336:
495:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 104–105.
20:
7:
241:leader, and the British, gave him a
132:, split between India and Pakistan.
774:"Najaf Abbas Sial - Member Profile"
524:
522:
520:
349:Essays on Islam and Indian history
160:Following the introduction of the
14:
778:Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
599:van den Dungen, P. H. M. (1968).
532:; Massy, Charles Francis (1865).
322:(2018–2023) and (2013–2018) from
754:from the original on 3 June 2023
742:"Front seat: Heer Ranjha retold"
291:Notable people with this surname
37:
297:Muhammad Arif Khan Rajbana Sial
538:. T.C. McCarthy. p. 505.
1:
307:Provincial Assembly of Punjab
320:Provincial Assembly of Sindh
287:from a Sial Rajput family.
153:, classified the Sial as a
136:Ethnographic classification
2226:
187:
162:Punjab Land Alienation Act
149:, an administrator of the
139:
2205:Punjabi-language surnames
839:
458:10.1017/CHOL9780521264341
28:
683:; Snell, Rupert (eds.).
566:The Sikhs of the Punjab
2200:Rajput clans of Punjab
345:Eaton, Richard Maxwell
185:
184:Map of doabs of Punjab
750:. 16 September 2012.
647:Mirza, Shafqat Tanvir
183:
140:Further information:
681:Shackle, Christopher
669:Shackle, Christopher
530:Griffin, Lepel Henry
408:10.3366/j.ctt1g09v0p
2195:Jat clans of Punjab
605:Low, Donald Anthony
309:(2002 - 2007) from
170:British Indian Army
130:Indian subcontinent
617:10.2307/jj.2430403
284:Punjabi literature
231:Treaty of Amritsar
186:
124:clan found in the
2182:
2181:
1509:Gurjara-Pratihara
1244:
1243:
727:978-969-8623-09-8
694:978-3-447-03241-4
577:978-0-521-63764-0
545:978-1-297-73366-6
502:978-81-7824-059-6
467:978-0-521-79842-6
399:978-1-4744-1712-9
376:Peacock, A. C. S.
358:978-0-19-565114-0
233:, agreed between
102:
101:
2217:
1415:Scheduled Castes
1362:Yaduvanshi Ahirs
1271:
1264:
1257:
1248:
824:
817:
810:
801:
794:
793:
791:
789:
784:on 12 April 2016
780:. Archived from
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
738:
732:
731:
719:
709:
703:
702:
665:
659:
658:
656:
643:
637:
636:
596:
590:
589:
569:
556:
550:
549:
526:
515:
514:
486:
480:
479:
451:
438:
432:
431:
372:
363:
362:
341:
303:Najaf Abbas Sial
41:
21:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2210:Pakistani names
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2112:
2089:
2016:
1968:
1714:
1696:
1523:
1495:
1477:
1409:
1391:
1348:
1310:
1292:
1275:
1245:
1240:
835:
828:
798:
797:
787:
785:
772:
771:
767:
757:
755:
740:
739:
735:
728:
711:
710:
706:
695:
667:
666:
662:
645:
644:
640:
598:
597:
593:
578:
558:
557:
553:
546:
528:
527:
518:
503:
488:
487:
483:
468:
440:
439:
435:
400:
374:
373:
366:
359:
343:
342:
338:
333:
293:
264:
262:Popular culture
198:, the Sial and
192:
178:
147:Denzil Ibbetson
144:
138:
46:
17:
16:Tribe of Punjab
12:
11:
5:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1974:Mohyal Brahmin
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
851:
846:
840:
837:
836:
829:
827:
826:
819:
812:
804:
796:
795:
765:
733:
726:
704:
693:
660:
638:
591:
576:
551:
544:
516:
501:
481:
466:
433:
398:
378:, ed. (2017).
364:
357:
335:
334:
332:
329:
328:
327:
313:
311:Jhang District
300:
292:
289:
263:
260:
219:Pindi Bhattian
177:
174:
137:
134:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
35:
31:
30:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2222:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Ramdasia Sikh
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:social groups
1279:
1278:Ethnic groups
1272:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
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243:carte blanche
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120:: سيال) is a
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1448:Mazhabi Sikh
786:. Retrieved
782:the original
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247:Sutlej river
242:
235:Ranjit Singh
193:
166:martial race
159:
145:
109:
105:
103:
18:
2035:Mair Rajput
1377:Hindu Ghosi
1141:Sandhawalia
269:Heer Ranjha
256:Sikh empire
151:British Raj
2189:Categories
1652:Sial tribe
625:jj.2430403
511:2005320487
416:2017385928
331:References
318:, member,
305:, Member,
280:epic poems
190:Sial state
188:See also:
54:(minority)
45:(majority)
24:Sial Tribe
1901:Sabharwal
1821:Khukhrain
1557:Chaudhary
1423:Ad-Dharmi
1405:Khandowya
991:Jhajharia
906:Chudasama
867:Bhalothia
424:959035754
93:Ethnicity
59:Languages
34:Religions
2134:Bakarwal
2095:Tarkhans
1992:Chhibber
1861:Mehrotra
1851:Malhotra
1841:Mahendru
1796:Kandhari
1741:Bhandari
1687:Warraich
1632:Randhawa
1572:Dhankhar
1473:Ravidasi
1397:Chauhans
1290:Punjabis
1231:Warraich
1121:Randhawa
1071:Makhdoom
1051:Langrial
1026:Khangura
1016:Kasaniya
1011:Kalwania
996:Jhanjhar
752:Archived
671:(1992).
633:68020442
586:99158580
562:(1998).
476:98038434
324:Khairpur
77:Pakistan
2103:Panesar
2055:Chauhan
2050:Rathore
2022:Rajputs
1987:Bhimwal
1831:Khullar
1811:Khattar
1776:Gambhir
1736:Bhambri
1720:Khatris
1607:Khokhar
1501:Gurjars
1483:Gakhars
1433:Bazigar
1428:Balmiki
1387:Ranghar
1382:Aharwar
1298:Agrawal
1288:of the
1226:Vaghela
1191:Solanki
1166:Sheoran
1161:Shokeen
1116:Pilania
1046:Khokhar
1036:Khatkar
951:Ghumman
946:Dhindsa
941:Dhillon
936:Dhaulya
911:Chauhan
862:Bargoti
607:(ed.).
251:tribute
227:Mankera
215:Chiniot
176:History
142:Mahnike
128:of the
122:Punjabi
114:Punjabi
97:Punjabi
69:Country
63:Punjabi
2174:Shaikh
2169:Sayyid
2154:Kumhar
2149:Kamboj
2117:Others
2085:Wattoo
2070:Jamwal
2065:Jaswal
2060:Minhas
2045:Janjua
2040:Bhatti
2030:Jarral
1954:Vadera
1949:Trehan
1944:Thapar
1939:Tandon
1934:Talwar
1911:Sehgal
1896:Roshan
1886:Oberoi
1881:Nayyar
1876:Narula
1866:Nagpal
1836:Madhok
1816:Khosla
1806:Khanna
1801:Kapoor
1791:Kakkar
1786:Gujral
1771:Duggal
1766:Dhawan
1761:Chopra
1756:Chadha
1751:Bindra
1746:Bhasin
1732:Bhamba
1710:Labana
1702:Labana
1672:Tiwana
1642:Sekhon
1637:Sandhu
1627:Ranjha
1602:Kharal
1597:Kahlon
1592:Jaswal
1587:Grewal
1567:Chohan
1562:Cheema
1552:Buttar
1547:Bhutta
1537:Aulakh
1519:Baisla
1491:Kayani
1458:Mirasi
1443:Khatik
1438:Chamar
1339:Kardar
1324:Rayeen
1316:Arains
1306:Bansal
1286:tribes
1206:Tiwana
1156:Sehdev
1146:Sandhu
1126:Ranjha
1106:Panwar
1101:Parmar
1091:Mirdha
1086:Minhas
1056:Langah
1041:Khaira
1031:Kharal
1021:Katewa
1001:Kahlon
986:Jewlia
981:Jaswal
971:Guhila
966:Grewal
961:Gondal
926:Dahiya
916:Chopra
901:Chilka
896:Chhina
891:Cheema
886:Bhatti
881:Battar
877:Bhangu
872:Buttar
853:Ansari
849:Aulakh
834:people
788:3 June
758:3 June
724:
691:
631:
623:
584:
574:
542:
509:
499:
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464:
422:
414:
406:
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355:
237:, the
208:Rachna
200:Kharal
155:Rajput
87:Punjab
83:Region
2164:Sansi
2159:Saini
2144:Dogar
2139:Bania
2129:Bagga
2124:Arora
2108:Sohal
2007:Mohan
1964:Vohra
1959:Vadra
1926:Sodhi
1921:Sethi
1906:Sahni
1871:Nanda
1856:Mehra
1846:Makan
1826:Kohli
1728:Anand
1677:Uppal
1667:Sohal
1662:Sodhi
1657:Sipra
1647:Sidhu
1617:Malhi
1542:Bajwa
1514:Bhati
1453:Mochi
1372:Ghosi
1367:Ahirs
1354:Ahirs
1344:Ramay
1216:Uppal
1211:Tomar
1201:Tarar
1196:Sunda
1186:Sohal
1181:Sipra
1176:Sidhu
1151:Sagoo
1111:Pannu
1081:Malik
1076:Malhi
921:Dabas
857:Bajwa
844:Atwal
679:. In
621:JSTOR
603:. In
429:Siyal
404:JSTOR
223:Jhang
211:doabs
110:Siyal
73:India
52:Hindu
43:Islam
2080:Raja
2075:Rana
2012:Vaid
1997:Datt
1982:Bali
1930:Soni
1916:Seth
1891:Puri
1781:Ghai
1692:Wyne
1682:Virk
1622:Noon
1612:Maan
1582:Gill
1577:Deol
1529:Jats
1334:Mehr
1329:Mian
1284:and
1236:Wyne
1221:Virk
1171:Sial
1136:Sahu
1131:Sahi
1096:Noon
1066:Maan
1061:Lali
976:Hans
956:Gill
931:Dara
790:2023
760:2023
747:Dawn
722:ISBN
689:ISBN
629:LCCN
582:LCCN
572:ISBN
540:ISBN
507:LCCN
497:ISBN
472:LCCN
462:ISBN
420:OCLC
412:LCCN
394:ISBN
353:ISBN
272:and
266:The
239:Sikh
225:and
206:and
204:Bari
118:Urdu
116:and
106:Sial
104:The
50:and
48:Sikh
29:سیال
2002:Lau
1463:Nat
1006:Kak
832:Jat
675:Hir
613:doi
454:doi
386:doi
282:of
108:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
