Sibling - Knowledge (XXG)

2710:

siblings' conflict and lets them work it out between themselves without outside guidance. In some cases, this technique is chosen to avoid situations in which the parent decides which sibling is in the right and may favor one sibling over the other, however, by following this technique the parent may sacrifice the opportunity to instruct their children on how to deal with conflict. Child-centered parental interventions include techniques in which the parent mediates the argument between the two children and helps them come to an agreement. Using this technique, parents may help model how the children can deal with conflicts in the future; however, parents should avoid dictating the outcome to the children, and make sure that they are mediating the argument making suggestions, allowing the children to decide the outcome. This may be especially important when some of the children have autism. Techniques in which parents encourage physical aggression between siblings may be chosen by the parents to help children deal with aggression in the future, however, this technique does not appear to be effective as it is linked to greater conflict levels between children. Parental non-intervention is also linked to higher levels of sibling conflict, and lower levels of sibling warmth. It appears that child-centered parental interventions have the best effect on sibling's relationship with a link to greater levels of sibling warmth and lower levels of sibling conflict.

3032:

are no records at all of the word for the next 500 years, although its derivational base sib remained in use throughout those years. It was in fact the term sib which, when employed specifically in the fields of anthropology and genetics, gave rise to the readoption of sibling. Sibling, in the narrower modern sense of describing the relationship between two people sharing a common parent, filled a semantic gap in the English lexicon, as there previously was no term to describe the fraternal relationship that did not specify gender. It is clear from early uses of sibling in the 20th century that the writer did not expect the reader to be familiar with the word, as the translator's note from a German eugenics book, Human Heredity explains, 'The word "sib" or "sibling" is coming into use in genetics in the English-speaking world, as an equivalent of the convenient German term "Geschwister" and as a general name for all children born of the same parents, that is to say, to denote brothers and sisters without distinction of sex.' (Baur 1931: 508 in sibling, OED). Likewise, an article in the journal Biometrika from 1903 contains the clarification, '"siblings"=brothers or sisters,' when employing the term. Thus we observe an interesting phenomenon of a native English word being reintroduced to native English speakers, who clearly have no knowledge of it.

2736:

children's birth order. The experiment was conducted using phone interviews, in which the experimenters would ask the children about the activities they performed throughout their day outside of school. The experimenters found that in the homes where there were mixed gender kids, and the father held traditional values, the kids also held traditional values and therefore also played gender based roles in the home. In contrast, in homes where the father did not hold traditional values, the house chores were divided more equally among his kids. However, if fathers had two male children, the younger male tended to help more with household chores, but as he reached his teenage years the younger child stopped being as helpful around the house. However, education may be a

2472: 2499:

they have a sophisticated grasp of family rules and can evaluate themselves in relation to their siblings. Sibling rivalry often continues throughout childhood and can be very frustrating and stressful to parents. One study found that the age group 10–15 reported the highest level of competition between siblings. Sibling rivalry can continue into adulthood and sibling relationships can change dramatically over the years. Approximately one-third of adults describe their relationship with siblings as rivalrous or distant. However, rivalry often lessens over time and at least 80% of siblings over age 60 enjoy close ties.

2260:

also depends greatly and varies greatly on family context. Family size, sibling identification, age gap, modeling, parenting techniques, gender, class, race, and temperament are all confounding variables that can influence behaviour and therefore perceived behaviour of specific birth categories. The research on birth order does have stronger correlations, however, in areas such as intelligence and physical features, but are likely caused by other factors other than the actual position of birth. Some research has found that firstborn children have slightly higher

2640:

their younger sibling due to their understanding of the necessary relationship between the parent and younger sibling. Older children are also better at self-regulating their emotions and are less dependent on their caregivers for external regulation as opposed to their younger siblings. Younger siblings' feelings of jealousy are overpowered by feelings of anger. The quality of the relationship between the younger child and the older child is also a factor in jealousy, as the better the relationship the less jealous feelings occurred and vice versa.

2133: 2147: 2410: 2422: 705: 2649:

not uncommon to see siblings who think that their sibling is favored by their teachers, peers, or especially their parents. In fact it is not uncommon to see siblings who both think that their parents favor the other sibling. Perceived inequalities in the division of resources such as who got a larger dessert also fall into this category of conflict. This form of conflict seems to be more prevalent in the younger sibling.

2349: 761: 35: 2675: 814: 2576:: 60% of children fall into this category. These children closely watch their parents interact with their newborn sibling, approach them positively and sometimes join the interaction. They show fewer behaviour problems in the months following the new birth and do not display problematic behaviours during the parent-infant interaction. These children are considered 4732: 1872:

it, and these two concepts are different. Consanguinity decreases by half for every generation of reproductive separation through their most recent common ancestor. Siblings are 50% related by consanguinity as they are separated from each other by two generation (sibling to parent to sibling), and they share two parents as common ancestors (

2612:

involved in good marital communication help their children cope adaptively with jealousy. They do this by modelling problem-solving and conflict resolution for their children. Children are also less likely to have jealous feelings when they live in a home in which everyone in the family shares and expresses love and happiness.

2178:. For example, firstborns are seen as conservative and high-achieving, middle children as natural mediators, and youngest children as charming and outgoing. Despite its lasting presence in the public domain, studies have failed to consistently produce clear, valid, compelling findings; therefore, it has earned the title of a 2563:, and anxiety. Jealousy occurs in a social triangle of relationships which do not require a third person. The social triangle involves the relationships between the jealous individual and the parent, the relationship between the parent and the rival, and the relationship between jealous individual and the rival. 2682:

The saying that people "fight like siblings" shows just how charged sibling conflict can be and how well recognized sibling squabbles are. In spite of how widely acknowledged these squabbles can be, sibling conflict can have several impacts on the sibling pair. It has been shown that increased levels

2639:

Older children tend to be less jealous than their younger sibling. This is due to their ability to mentally process the social situation in a way that gives them more positive, empathetic feelings toward their younger sibling. Older children are better able to cope with their jealous feelings toward

2620:

Implicit theories about relationships are associated with the ways children think of strategies to deal with a new situation. Children can fall into two categories of implicit theorizing. They may be malleable theorists and believe that they can affect change on situations and people. Alternatively,

2322:

was published. In this book, Sulloway argues that firstborns are more conscientious, more socially dominant, less agreeable, and less open to new ideas compared to later-borns. While being seemingly empirical and academic, as many studies are cited throughout the book, it is still often criticized as

2264:

on average than later born children. However, other research finds no such effect. It has been found that first-borns score three points higher compared to second borns and that children born earlier in a family are on average, taller and weigh more than those born later. However, it is impossible to

2259:

The social interaction that occurs as a result of birth order however is the most notable. Older siblings often become role models of behaviour, and younger siblings become learners and supervisees. Older siblings are at a developmental advantage both cognitively and socially. The role of birth order

2255:

Today, the flaws and inconsistencies in birth order research eliminate its validity. It is very difficult to control solely for factors related to birth order, and therefore most studies produce ambiguous results. Embedded into theories of birth order is a debate of nature versus nurture. It has been

3031:

The primary word under consideration in this chapter is sibling, which during the Old English period referred simply to a relation, not necessarily to a brother or sister, as in the modern use of the term. The last recorded use in the Oxford English Dictionary in the relative sense is in 1425. There

2611:

Children that have parents with a better marital relationship are better at regulating their jealous emotions. Children are more likely to express jealousy when their parents are directing their attention to the sibling as opposed to when the parents are solely interacting with them. Parents who are

2448:

suggests that instead of protesting or telling children to act their age, parents should simply grant their requests without becoming upset. The affected children will soon return to their normal routine when they realize that they now have just as important a place in the family as the new sibling.

2101:

only occurs a limited number of times and, therefore, large chunks of a chromosome are shared or not shared at one time. In fact, the mean DNA fraction shared is 50.28% with a standard deviation of 3.68%, meaning approximately 1/4 of sibling pairs share more than 52.76% of their DNA, while 1/4 share

2695:

and lower levels of academic competence. This means that sibling warmth does not counteract these negative effects. Sibling conflict is also linked to an increase in more risky behavior including: smoking cigarettes, skipping days of school, contact with the police, and other behaviors in Caucasian

2648:

Sibling conflict is pervasive and often shrugged off as an accepted part of sibling dynamics. In spite of the broad variety of conflict that siblings are often involved in, sibling conflicts can be grouped into two broader categories. The first category is conflict about equality or fairness. It is

2237:

First Borns: Fulfilling family roles of leadership and authority, obedient of protocol and hierarchy. Seek out and prefer order, structure and adherence to norms and rules. They partake in goal-striving behaviour as their lives are centred around achievement and accomplishment themes. They fear the

1871:

is the measure of how closely people are related. Genetic relatedness measures how many genes a person shares. As all humans share over 99% of the same genes, consanguinity only matters for the small fraction of genes which vary between different people. Inheritance of genes has a random element to

2709:

Techniques used by parents to manage their children's conflicts include parental non-intervention, child-centered parental intervention strategies, and more rarely the encouragement of physical conflict between siblings. Parental non-intervention included techniques in which the parent ignores the

2498:

Sibling rivalry usually starts right after, or before, the arrival of the second child. While siblings will still love each other, it is not uncommon for them to bicker and be malicious to each other. Children are sensitive from the age of 1 year to differences in parental treatment and by 3 years

2334:

In practice, systematic birth order research is a challenge because it is difficult to control for all of the variables that are statistically related to birth order. For example, large families are generally lower in socioeconomic status than small families, so third-born children are more likely

2009:

play in the development of various traits. Such studies examine how often identical twins possess the same behavioral trait and compare it to how often fraternal twins possess the same trait. In other studies twins are raised in separate families, and studies compare the passing on of a behavioral

2735:

using middle-childhood aged children and observed the way in which the parents contributed to stereotypical attitudes in their kids. In their study the experimenters analysed two different types of families, one with the same sex siblings, and the other with different sex siblings, as well as the

2652:

The second category of conflict involves an invasion of a child's perceived personal domain by their sibling. An example of this type of conflict is when a child enters their sibling's room when they are not welcome, or when a child crosses over into their sibling's side of the car in a long road

2502:

Each child in a family competes to define who they are as persons and want to show that they are separate from their siblings. Sibling rivalry increases when children feel they are getting unequal amounts of their parents' attention, where there is stress in the parents' and children's lives, and

2436:

The arrival of a new baby is especially stressful for firstborns and for siblings between 3 and 5 years old. In such situations, regressive behavior may be accompanied by aggressive behavior, such as handling the baby roughly. All of these symptoms are considered to be typical and developmentally

2603:

Children are more jealous of the interactions between newborns and their mothers than they are with newborns and their fathers. This is logical as up until the birth of the infant, the first-born child had the mother as their primary care-giver all to themselves. Some research has suggested that

2241:

Middle Children: Feel like outcasts of families as they lack primacy of the first child and the "attention garnering recency" of the youngest. These children often go to great lengths to de-identify themselves with their siblings, in an attempt to make a different and individualized identity for

2245:

Youngest Children: Feel disadvantaged compared to older siblings, are often perceived as less capable or experienced and are therefore indulged and spoiled. Because of this, they are skilled in coaxing/charming others to do things for them or provide. This contributes to the image of them being

2700:

for behavioral problems. A study on what the topic of the fight was (invasion of personal domain or inequality) also shows that the topic of the fight may have a result on the effects of the conflict. This study showed that sibling conflict over personal domain were related to lower levels of

2456:

advises that most occurrences of regressive behavior are mild and to be expected; however, it recommends parents to contact a pediatrician or child psychologist if the older child tries to hurt the baby, if regressive behavior does not improve within 2 or 3 months, or if the parents have other

2730:

There have always been some differences between siblings, especially different sex siblings. Often, different sex sibling may consider things to be unfair because their brother or sister is allowed to do certain things because of their gender, while they get to do something less fun or just

862:

from infanthood, a language only shared and understood between the two. Studies corroborate that identical twins appear to display more twin talk than fraternal twins. At about 3, twin talk usually ends. Twins generally share a greater bond due to growing up together and being the same age.

923:

to each other, for example, if a man has children with two women who are sisters, or a woman has children with a man and his son. In the first case, the children are half-siblings as well as first cousins; in the second, the children are half-siblings as well as an avuncular pair. They are

2625:

display engaging behaviours, like interacting with the parent or sibling in an attempt to improve the situation. They tend to have more intense and longer-lasting feelings of jealousy because they spend more time ruminating on the situation and constructing ways to make it better.

2437:

appropriate for children between the ages of 3 and 5. While some can be prevented, the remainder can be improved within a few months. Regressive behavior may include demand for a bottle, thumb sucking, requests to wear diapers (even if toilet-trained), or requests to carry a

2701:

self-esteem, and sibling conflict over perceived inequalities seem to be more related to depressive symptoms. However, the study also showed that greater depressive and anxious symptoms were also related to more frequent sibling conflict and more intense sibling conflict.

2584:: 30% of children fall into this category. These children observe parent-infant interaction closely and are less likely to approach the infant and the parent. They are anxious to explore the new environment as they tend to seek little comfort from their parents. 2683:

of sibling conflict are related to higher levels of anxiety and depression in siblings, along with lower levels of self-worth and lower levels of academic competence. In addition, sibling warmth is not a protective factor for the negative effects of

2630:

display non-engaging behaviours, for example retreating to their room because they believe none of their actions will affect or improve the situation. They tend to have less intense and shorter lasting feelings of jealousy than malleable theorists.

2068:

is greater than zero). Interestingly, half-siblings can be related by as "three-quarters siblings" (related by 3/8) if their unshared parents have a consanguinity of 50%. This means the unshared parents are either siblings, making the half-siblings

2571:

First-borns' attachment to their parents is directly related to their jealous behaviour. In a study by Volling, four classes of children were identified based on their different responses of jealousy to new infant siblings and parent interactions.

2105:

There is a very small chance that two half-siblings might not share any genes if they didn't inherit any of the same chromosomes from their shared parent. This is possible for full-siblings as well, though even more unlikely. But because of how

2595:: 2.7% of children fall into this category. These children are emotionally reactive and aggressive. They have difficulty regulating their negative emotions and may be likely to externalize it as negative behaviour around the newborn. 2591:: 6% of children fell into this category. These children have an intense interest in parent-infant interaction and a strong desire to seek proximity and contact with the parent, and sometimes intrude on parent-child interaction. 2323:

a biased and incomplete account of the whole picture of siblings and birth order. Because it is a novel, the research and theories proposed throughout were not criticized and peer-reviewed by other academics before its release.

1944: 1856:

Jrake and Jaden were born to one mother and two half-sibling fathers, and are thus three-quarter siblings, however, their actual percentage of genetic relation is 31.25% instead of 37.5%. Jrake and Jakob are cross-cousins.

2166:

Birth order is a person's rank by age among his or her siblings. Typically, researchers classify siblings as "eldest", "middle child", and "youngest" or simply distinguish between "first-born" and "later-born" children.

1035:

are individuals who share one or more half-siblings; if one person has at least one maternal half-sibling and at least one paternal half-sibling, the maternal and paternal half-siblings are cross-siblings to each

2487:"Sibling rivalry" is a type of competition or animosity among brothers and sisters. It appears to be particularly intense when children are very close in age or of the same gender. Sibling rivalry can involve 2696:

sibling pairs with the exception of firstborns with younger brothers. Except for the elder brother in this pair sibling conflict is positively correlated with risky behavior, thus sibling conflict may be a

2665:

and higher perceived social competence. Even in cases where there is a high level of sibling conflict if there is also a high level of sibling warmth then social skills and competence remain unaffected.

2621:

they may be fixed theorists, believing situations and people are not changeable. These implicit beliefs determine both the intensity of their jealous feelings, and how long those jealous feelings last.

2059: 1999: 938:. Diblings are biologically siblings though not legally for the purposes of family rights and inheritance. The anonymity of donation is seen to add complication to the process of courtship. 3664:

Plomin, R; Pederson, N.L.; McClearn, G.E.; Nesselroade, J.R.; Bergeman, C.S. (1988). "EAS temperaments during the last half of the life span: Twins reared apart and twins reared together".

2327:

that have examined many studies and attempted to control for confounding variables tend to find minimal effects for birth order on personality. In her review of the scientific literature,

4253:

Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics".

2661:

Sibling warmth is a term for the degree of affection and companionship shared by siblings. Sibling warmth seems to have an effect on siblings. Higher sibling warmth is related to better

2310:

Firstborns and older siblings must answer questions and explain things to younger siblings, acting as tutors. This advances their cognitive processing of information and language skills.

2214:(1874), Galton noted that prominent composers and scientists are over-represented as first-borns. He theorized three main reasons as to why first-borns are generally more eminent: 2300:

proposed that the intellectual environment within a family is ever-changing due to three factors, and therefore more permissive of first-born children's intellectual advancement:

911:, with half-siblings taking only half as much property of their intestate siblings' estates as siblings of full-blood. Unequal treatment of this type has been wholly abolished in 2010:

trait by the family environment and the possession of a common trait between identical twins. This kind of study has revealed that for personality traits which are known to be

1854:

Julia and Janine were born to one father and two full-sibling mothers, and are thus three-quarter siblings. Jaden is their cousin, while Jrake and Jakob are their half-cousins.

4333:

Campione-Barr, Nicole; Bassett Greer, Kelly; Kruse, Anna (May–June 2013). "Differential Associations Between Domains of Sibling Conflict and Adolescent Emotional Adjustment".

728:, with siblinghood considered a unique type of relationship. The emotional bond between siblings is often complicated and is influenced by factors such as parental treatment, 2476: 1957:

come from the same zygote, their most recent common ancestor is each other. They’re genetically identical and 100% consanguineous as they’re separated by zero generations (

3495: 4168: 2304:

Firstborns do not need to share parental attention and have their parents' complete absorption. More siblings in the family limit the attention devoted to each of them.

4517: 3010:

These will enable us... to predict the probable character in any individual from a knowledge of one or more parents or brethren ("siblings," = brothers or sisters).

977:

are the siblings of one's spouse, the spouse of one's sibling, or the spouse of one's spouse's sibling. The spouse of one's spouse's sibling may also be called a

924:

genetically closer than half-siblings but less genetically close than full-siblings, a degree of genetic relationship that is rare in humans and little-studied.

3300: 649: 3116: 4774: 4754: 2471: 1875: 2580:

as they act how a child would be expected to act in a familiar home setting with their parents present as secure bases to explore the environment.

2256:

disproved that there is something innate in the position one is born into, and therefore creating a preset role. Birth order has no genetic basis.

4371:

Buist, Kirsten L.; Vermande, Marjolijn (2014). "Sibling Relationship Patterns and Their Associations with Child Competence and Problem Behavior".

2523:: a parent is inclined to spread resources equally among all children in the family, but a child wants most of the resources for him or herself. 4185: 2760:. It can be seen in biological and adoptive families, but also in other situations where children are brought up in close contact, such as the 2331:

suggests that birth order effects may exist within the context of the family of origin, but that they are not enduring aspects of personality.

2335:

than first-born children to come from poorer families. Spacing of children, parenting style, and gender are additional variables to consider.

3994:

Rodgers, J.L., Cleveland, H.H., van den Oord, E. and Rowe, D. (2000). Resolving the Debate Over Birth Order, Family Size and Intelligence.

2453: 3520: 3907:

Wichman, A.L.; Rodgers, J.L.; MacCallum, R.C. (2006). "A Multilevel Approach to the Relationship Between Birth Order and Intelligence".

2958: 2902: 4610:

McHale, Susan M.; Crouter, Ann C. (1999). "Family Context and Gender Role Socialization in Middle Childhood: Comparing Girls to Boys".

4714: 2950: 4299:

Thompson, J.A.; Halberstadt, A.G. (2008). "Childrens Accounts of Sibling Jealousy and Their Implicit Theories about Relationships".

2396: 800: 642: 4124: 2118:) during the development of an egg or sperm cell, however, the odds of this ever actually occurring are practically non-existent. 4804: 4146: 5387: 3950:

Eckstein, D.; Kaufman, J.A. (2012). "The Role of Birth Order in Personality: An Enduring Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Adler".

3612: 3268: 3208:

Galván-Femenía, Iván; Barceló-Vidal, Carles; Sumoy, Lauro; Moreno, Victor; de Cid, Rafael; Graffelman, Jan (15 January 2021).

2740:

affecting both the father's attitude and the siblings' behavior, and the mother's attitudes did not have a noticeable impact.

1852:

Erika and Efram are full siblings; to them, Abram, Aserna, and Agnia are their half-siblings, and Bein is their cross sibling.

5309: 4165: 2722:

and children with siblings suggest that overall the presence of a sibling does not have any effect on the child as an adult.

2445: 2374: 782: 2159: 5448: 5108: 3835: 2224:

First-borns are given more responsibility than their younger siblings and are treated more as companions by their parents.

2017:

Half-siblings are 25% related by consanguinity as they share one parent and separated from each other by two generations (

375: 2307:

Firstborns are exposed to more adult language. Later-borns are exposed to the less-mature speech of their older siblings.

930:, a portmanteau of donor sibling, or donor-conceived sibling, or donor-sperm sibling, are biologically connected through 877:) are people who share one parent. They may share the same mother but different fathers (in which case they are known as 5552: 2697: 2155: 1160:

Bryan and Betty are full siblings while Cyrus is their half brother; their relation percentage of consanguinity is 50%.

635: 5221: 4864: 4105: 2020: 1960: 4566:

Riggio, Heidi (September 1999). "Personality and Social Skill Differences Between Adults With and Without Siblings".

3308: 2653:

trip. These types of fights seem to be more important to older siblings due to their larger desire for independence.

2359: 3545: 238: 188: 39: 2378: 2363: 2132: 771: 5458: 5424: 2977: 2604:

children display less jealous reactions over father-newborn interactions because fathers tend to punish negative

2512: 2065: 667: 616: 4704: 3425: 2370: 778: 566: 45: 5399: 2146: 4531:

Kazura, Kerry; Tucker, Corinna (July 2013). "Parental Responses to School-aged Children's Sibling Conflict".

2064:

A person may share more than the standard consanguinity with their sibling if their parents are related (the

5501: 2608:

and are less tolerant than mothers of clinginess and visible distress, although this is hard to generalize.

2140: 382: 3888:

Adler, E.S. (2012). "Issues in Birth Order Research Methodology: Perspectives from Individual Psychology".

4464: 4088: 4058:"Associations between birth order and personality traits: Evidence from self-reports and observer ratings" 3869:

Alan, E.S. (2012). "Issues in Birth Order Research Methodology: Perspectives from Individual Psychology".

2786: 2175: 2107: 920: 858:

are siblings that are born from the same pregnancy. Often, twins with a close relationship will develop a

744: 733: 5465: 4824: 4511: 4416:"Longitudinal Associations Between Sibling Relationship Qualities and Risky Behavior Across Adolescence" 3449: 2111: 2098: 2006: 740: 561: 474: 265: 228: 2265:

generalize birth order characteristics and apply them universally to all individuals in that subgroup.

3730:"Estimation and Partitioning of Heritability in Human Populations using Whole Genome Analysis Methods" 2932: 5521: 5506: 5453: 5409: 5319: 5251: 4797: 4736: 3705: 3617: 3585: 3329: 2796: 2791: 2532: 903:

law), half-siblings have often been accorded treatment unequal to that of full-siblings. Old English

663: 469: 464: 251: 4189: 3353: 2278:(Blake, 1981) provide three potential reasons for the higher scoring of older siblings on IQ tests: 5491: 5443: 5436: 5138: 5095: 4465:"Social behaviors of children with ASD during play with siblings and parents: parental perceptions" 2910: 2516: 611: 247: 2511:, where brothers were in competition for their mother's attention and sisters for their father's. 2282:

Parental resources are finite, first-born children get full and primary access to these resources.

2227:

First-borns are given more attention and nourishment in families with limited financial resources.

4681: 4548: 4492: 4396: 4025: 3932: 3777: 3700: 3580: 3377: 3098: 3001: 2839: 2757: 2749: 2732: 2328: 2151: 499: 429: 3401: 3023: 2221:

laws: first-borns have access to their parents' financial resources to continue their education.

1001:: foster children of one's parent(s), or the children or foster children of one's foster parent. 2014:, genetics play a substantial role throughout life and an even larger role during early years. 5419: 5246: 5216: 4969: 4854: 4710: 4627: 4583: 4484: 4445: 4388: 4350: 4270: 3924: 3759: 3681: 3276: 3249: 3231: 3190: 3172: 3090: 2859: 2768: 2753: 2688: 2543: 2324: 854:) share the same biological parents. Full-siblings are also the most common type of siblings. 601: 571: 506: 233: 208: 63: 4008:

Johnson, Gary. R. (2000). "Science, Sulloway, and Birth Order: An Ordeal and an Assessment".

3970: 5542: 5511: 5183: 5173: 5168: 5143: 4974: 4953: 4849: 4671: 4619: 4575: 4540: 4476: 4435: 4427: 4380: 4342: 4308: 4262: 4069: 4017: 3916: 3749: 3741: 3673: 3239: 3221: 3180: 3162: 3080: 2993: 2781: 2438: 885:), or they may have the same father but different mothers (in which case, they are known as 425: 328: 4660:"Childhood Association and Sexual Attraction: A Further Test of the Westermarck Hypothesis" 2981: 2174:

and popular culture to have a profound and lasting effect on psychological development and

5547: 5314: 5163: 5158: 5148: 5038: 4844: 4839: 4790: 4172: 4150: 4128: 4109: 3151:"A Log-Ratio Biplot Approach for Exploring Genetic Relatedness Based on Identity by State" 2508: 2481: 2466: 2421: 2409: 1950: 596: 511: 294: 5414: 5394: 5382: 3473: 3210:"A likelihood ratio approach for identifying three-quarter siblings in genetic databases" 3745: 3044: 2246:

popular and outgoing, as they engage in attention-seeking behaviour to meet their needs.

724:), most societies have siblings grow up together. This causes the development of strong 704: 5346: 5294: 5261: 5256: 5178: 5118: 5028: 4998: 4834: 4768: 4440: 4415: 4121: 3794: 3754: 3729: 3244: 3209: 3185: 3150: 2854: 2826: 2816: 2433:

Regressive behaviors are the child's way of demanding the parents' love and attention.

2315: 2191: 2171: 1954: 973: 935: 392: 269: 181: 4748: 4143: 5536: 5481: 5276: 5193: 5123: 5023: 4763: 4743: 4552: 4496: 4312: 4029: 3581:"How are siblings 50% genetically identical while humans and mice are 85% identical?" 3149:

Graffelman, Jan; Galván Femenía, Iván; de Cid, Rafael; Barceló Vidal, Carles (2019).

3024:"Gone But Not Forgotten: Persistence and Revival in the History of English Word Loss" 2821: 2520: 2504: 2492: 2297: 2218: 2179: 1868: 1018: 895: 859: 725: 544: 494: 397: 355: 150: 4400: 3102: 5404: 5366: 5361: 5188: 5033: 3936: 2973: 2811: 2801: 2662: 2551:

is not a single emotion. The basic emotions expressed in jealous interactions are

2426: 2288:

These parental resources have an important impact on a child's educational success.

2285:

As the number of a children in a family goes up, the more resources must be shared.

2199: 2011: 1022: 931: 304: 289: 223: 4676: 4659: 3728:

Vinkhuyzen, A. A.; Wray, N. R.; Yang, J.; Goddard, M. E.; Visscher, P. M. (2013).

3069:"The relationship between twin language, twins' close ties, and social competence" 1939:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}+\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}} 5286: 5241: 5085: 4979: 4934: 3640: 2752:

found that children who are brought up together as siblings are desensitized to

2348: 2127: 1026: 998: 951: 900: 760: 729: 721: 606: 591: 529: 387: 318: 255: 103: 4480: 3843: 3792:

Comer, Ronald; Gould, Elizabeth; Ogden, Nancy; Boyes, Michael (February 2012).

3226: 2674: 1949:

A fraternal twin is a sibling and, therefore, is related by 50% consanguinity.

813: 5486: 5431: 5304: 5266: 5128: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5055: 5043: 4983: 4939: 4579: 4544: 4021: 2867: 2737: 2719: 2692: 2488: 2002: 956: 904: 831: 698: 556: 370: 279: 243: 218: 34: 4706:

The Sibling Effect: What the Bonds Among Brothers and Sisters Reveal About Us

3920: 3677: 3280: 3235: 3176: 3167: 720:

While some circumstances can cause siblings to be raised separately (such as

5496: 5203: 5080: 4829: 4623: 4266: 2863: 2806: 2195: 1008: 908: 551: 484: 434: 360: 323: 299: 213: 164: 4631: 4587: 4488: 4463:

O’Brien, O’Brien, Zachariah; Cuskelly, Monica; Slaughter, Virginia (2020).

4449: 4392: 4354: 4274: 4102: 4073: 3928: 3763: 3253: 3194: 3094: 4731: 3685: 5299: 5236: 5231: 5208: 5153: 5113: 4899: 3553: 2548: 966: 621: 479: 313: 284: 169: 159: 123: 67: 4778:. Vol. 04 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 651. 4758:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 160. 3085: 3068: 2577: 2503:

where fighting is accepted by the family as a way to resolve conflicts.

2314:

In 1996, interest in the science behind birth order was re-sparked when

2242:

themselves as they feel like they were "squeezed out" of their families.

17: 5226: 5133: 5103: 5016: 4911: 4346: 3005: 2764: 2684: 2605: 2586: 2560: 2414: 2115: 927: 912: 785: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 713: 686: 457: 439: 420: 402: 138: 76: 4685: 2202:'s (1870–1937) theory of birth order and personality characteristics. 5516: 5356: 5351: 5006: 4988: 4916: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4813: 4431: 4384: 2873: 2849: 2844: 2761: 2097:

In practice, full siblings do not share exactly 50% of their DNA, as

2086: 2070: 709: 694: 690: 678: 365: 133: 113: 96: 91: 86: 81: 4057: 2997: 1403:

Siblings, half siblings, three-quarter siblings, and cross siblings

3450:"Foster sister definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary" 3067:

Hayashi, C; Mikami, H; Nishihara, R; Maeda, C; Hayakawa, K (2014).

27:

One of two or more individuals having at least one parent in common

5341: 4944: 4889: 2673: 2556: 2470: 2420: 2408: 2145: 2131: 2082: 2078: 818: 812: 703: 584: 539: 534: 444: 969:

parent of one and the adoptive or biological parent of the other.

5271: 5011: 4948: 3301:"What It's Like To... Find Out You Have 40 Brothers and Sisters" 2831: 2552: 2074: 855: 839:, having not been used since Middle English, specifically 1425. 682: 489: 143: 4786: 4894: 4767: 2342: 2190:

The theorizing and study of birth order can be traced back to

1394:

Emily is their three-quarter sibling and Frank's half sister.

754: 4747: 4414:

Solmeyer, Anna; McHale, Susan; Crouter, Ann (February 2014).

1021:

by the same woman. This relationship exists in cultures with

4166:

Sibling Rivalry in Degree and Dimensions Across the Lifespan

3521:"She's my sister from another mister! | Janelle Butterfield" 2718:

Studies on social skill and personality differences between

2005:

have been conducted by scientists to examine the roles that

2449:

Most of the behaviors can be improved within a few months.

2261: 3483:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. June 2019. 1953:

are no more genetically similar than regular siblings. As

662:"Siblings" redirects here. For the television series, see 4782: 3606: 3604: 3574: 3572: 3570: 955:(stepbrothers or stepsisters) are the children of one's 3787: 3785: 907:

at one time incorporated inequalities into the laws of

2030: 1970: 1915: 1885: 4112:

Syliva B. Rimm, Educational Assessment Service, 2002.

3496:"Milk Kinship: What do Islam have to say about this?" 2023: 1963: 1878: 3829: 3827: 2507:

saw the sibling relationship as an extension of the

1169:

Siblings, half-siblings, and three-quarter siblings

899:

is used in place of agnate). In law (and especially

5474: 5375: 5334: 5285: 5202: 5094: 5054: 4997: 4962: 4927: 4863: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 2756:to one another later in life. This is known as the 2477:

Portrait of Lady Cockburn and her Three Eldest Sons

2238:

loss of their position in the top of the hierarchy.

4153:University of Michigan Health System, October 2006 4056:Jefferson, T.; Herbst, J.H.; McCrae, R.R. (1998). 3793: 3550:Adoption Medicine Clinic – University of Minnesota 2053: 1993: 1938: 747:as they are related by 50% and 25%, respectively. 3909:Society for Personality and Social Psychology Inc 919:share one parent, while the unshared parents are 3971:"Family dynamics, not biology, behind higher IQ" 3613:"Why do half-siblings share 25% of their genes?" 2731:different. McHale and her colleague conducted a 2212:English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture 2182:amongst the scientific psychological community. 2054:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{2}} 1994:{\displaystyle \left({\tfrac {1}{2}}\right)^{0}} 4131:University of Michigan Health System, June 2006 736:, and personal experiences outside the family. 4248: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4226: 3269:"Donor siblings: do the ties of blood matter?" 4798: 4366: 4364: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 3864: 3862: 3860: 643: 8: 4516:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4175:Annie McNerney and Joy Usner, 30 April 2001. 3474:"Sibling Issues in Foster Care and Adoption" 2896: 2894: 2892: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4161: 4159: 4139: 4137: 2377:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1011:or the godchildren of the father or mother. 5282: 4805: 4791: 4783: 4044:Birth order: Its influence on personality. 3641:"Coefficient of relationship – ISOGG Wiki" 2705:Parental management techniques of conflict 1399: 1165: 1039: 829:was reintroduced in 1903 in an article in 650: 636: 202: 59: 29: 4675: 4439: 3753: 3701:"How related are three-fourths siblings?" 3243: 3225: 3184: 3166: 3084: 2939:. BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee, Inc. 2933:"First, Second and Third Degree Relative" 2397:Learn how and when to remove this message 2269:Contemporary explanations for IQ findings 2194:'s (1822–1911) theory of birth order and 2073:, or parent and child, making them half- 2045: 2029: 2022: 1985: 1969: 1962: 1930: 1914: 1900: 1884: 1877: 801:Learn how and when to remove this message 4091:: Why children turn out the way they do. 997:are children who are raised in the same 3836:"Does Birth Order Affect Intelligence?" 2888: 2726:Gender roles among children and parents 2544:Attachment theory § Attachment patterns 677:is a relative that shares at least one 264: 196: 121: 62: 32: 4509: 4469:Research in Developmental Disabilities 4186:"Freud Lecture: Juliet Mitchell, 2003" 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1519: 1465: 1462: 1433: 1428: 1411: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1343: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1307: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1243: 1241: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1084: 1065: 1058: 1051: 7: 3952:The Journal of Individual Psychology 3890:The Journal of Individual Psychology 3871:The Journal of Individual Psychology 3699:Benitez, Cecil (29 September 2011). 3611:Starr, D. Barry (5 September 2013). 2515:explain sibling rivalry in terms of 2495:where one child victimizes another. 2454:University of Michigan Health System 2375:adding citations to reliable sources 2170:Birth order is commonly believed in 783:adding citations to reliable sources 4648:, 5th edn. London: Macmillan, 1921. 4533:Journal of Child and Family Studies 3746:10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133258 3519:Butterfield, Janelle (2013-12-28). 3117:"Marriage: legitimacy and adoption" 2982:"On the laws of inheritance in man" 2959:University of Alabama at Birmingham 2901:Mersky Leder, Jane (Jan–Feb 1993). 4103:The Effects of Sibling Competition 4062:Journal of Research in Personality 4042:Ernst, C. & Angst, J. (1983). 3494:Pelegrino, Elton N. (2022-01-20). 1392:Donna and David are full siblings. 965:are raised by a person who is the 835:, as a translation for the German 697:. A person with no siblings is an 25: 3969:Carey, Benedict (June 21, 2007). 3481:Child Welfare Information Gateway 2491:; however, it is not the same as 4730: 4313:10.1111/J.1467-9507.2007.00435.x 3289:– via www.theguardian.com. 3267:Jolly, Alice (21 January 2017). 3073:Twin Research and Human Genetics 2951:"CONSANGUINITY / AFFINITY CHART" 2347: 759: 33: 3579:Shafer, Aaron (17 March 2006). 3307:. 12 April 2019. Archived from 915:, but still exists in Florida. 770:needs additional citations for 739:Medically, a full-sibling is a 5310:Genealogical numbering systems 4010:Politics and the Life Sciences 2574:Regulated Exploration Children 2446:American Academy of Pediatrics 712:(female sibling) carrying her 1: 5449:International Day of Families 5109:Australian Aboriginal kinship 4677:10.1525/aa.1970.72.3.02a00010 4646:The history of human marriage 2714:Long-term effects of presence 959:from a previous relationship. 4373:Journal of Family Psychology 3975:International Herald Tribune 2670:Negative effects of conflict 2339:Regressive behavior at birth 2154:with his sisters Princesses 1043:Siblings and half-siblings 1017:are children who have been 5569: 4644:Westermarck, E.A. (1921). 4481:10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103525 3227:10.1038/s41437-020-00392-8 2582:Approach-Avoidant Children 2541: 2530: 2513:Evolutionary psychologists 2464: 2125: 1864:Consanguinity and genetics 946:Related through affinity: 661: 5410:National Grandparents Day 4820: 4580:10.1080/00223989909599759 4568:The Journal of Psychology 4545:10.1007/s10826-013-9741-2 4022:10.1017/S0730938400014842 3734:Annual Review of Genetics 3454:www.collinsdictionary.com 2678:Sibling physical conflict 2066:coefficient of inbreeding 1784: 1782: 1766: 1764: 1756: 1754: 1738: 1736: 1728: 1726: 1683: 1673: 1668: 1658: 1653: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1589: 1587: 1579: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1535: 1531: 1525: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1341: 1339: 1331: 1329: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1239: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1188: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1110: 1108: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1076: 1074: 1063: 1061: 1056: 1054: 681:with the other person. A 668:Siblings (disambiguation) 4703:Kluger, Jeffrey (2012). 4420:Developmental Psychology 3921:10.1177/0146167205279581 3776:Calculated based on the 3678:10.1037/0882-7974.3.1.43 3430:dictionary.cambridge.org 3406:dictionary.cambridge.org 3382:dictionary.cambridge.org 3358:dictionary.cambridge.org 3334:dictionary.cambridge.org 3168:10.3389/fgene.2019.00341 2007:genetics and environment 1007:are the children of the 743:and a half-sibling is a 5502:Sociology of the family 5352:Philia (brotherly love) 4928:Second-degree relatives 4775:Encyclopædia Britannica 4755:Encyclopædia Britannica 4664:American Anthropologist 4658:Arthur P. Wolf (1970). 4624:10.1111/1467-8624.00072 4267:10.1111/1467-8624.00425 2903:"Adult Sibling Rivalry" 2767:system and the Chinese 2457:questions or concerns. 2274:Resource dilution model 2093:Percentage distribution 5357:Storge (familial love) 4963:Third-degree relatives 4865:First-degree relatives 4089:The Nurture Assumption 4074:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2233 3139:Fla. Stat. s. 732.105. 3022:Elizabeth Grace Wang. 2787:List of sibling groups 2679: 2484: 2430: 2418: 2163: 2143: 2108:homologous chromosomes 2055: 1995: 1940: 1009:godfather or godmother 921:first-degree relatives 917:Three-quarter siblings 891:paternal half-siblings 883:maternal half-siblings 822: 745:second-degree relative 717: 666:. For other uses, see 5466:National Adoption Day 5342:Agape (parental love) 4093:New York: Free Press. 4086:Harris, J.R. (1998). 3996:American Psychologist 3544:nivens (2015-01-09). 3155:Frontiers in Genetics 2677: 2531:Further information: 2474: 2424: 2412: 2251:Contemporary findings 2149: 2135: 2112:chromosomal crossover 2099:chromosomal crossover 2056: 1996: 1941: 816: 741:first-degree relative 707: 458:Emotions and feelings 5522:Dysfunctional family 5507:Museum of Motherhood 5454:National Family Week 5320:Quarters of nobility 4739:at Wikimedia Commons 3796:Psychology Around Us 3706:The Tech Interactive 3666:Psychology and Aging 3618:The Tech Interactive 3586:The Tech Interactive 2913:on December 11, 2012 2797:Sibling estrangement 2792:Sibling relationship 2533:Sibling relationship 2371:improve this section 2141:Peder Severin Krøyer 2137:The Benzon Daughters 2021: 1961: 1876: 909:intestate succession 779:improve this article 664:Siblings (TV series) 5553:Kinship and descent 5492:Wedding anniversary 5444:American Family Day 5400:Father–Daughter Day 5347:Eros (marital love) 5096:Kinship terminology 3778:normal distribution 3086:10.1017/thg.2013.83 3049:The Free Dictionary 2840:symmetric relations 2623:Malleable Theorists 2593:Disruptive Children 2517:parental investment 2110:swap genes (due to 942:Non-blood relations 893:. In law, the term 612:Narcissistic parent 5252:collateral descent 4347:10.1111/cdev.12022 4301:Social Development 4171:2017-10-15 at the 4149:2017-06-30 at the 4127:2020-08-07 at the 4108:2007-07-01 at the 3840:Human Intelligence 3709:. Ask a Geneticist 3621:. Ask a Geneticist 3589:. Ask a Geneticist 3305:Vancouver Magazine 3029:. pp. 35–36. 2758:Westermarck Effect 2750:Edvard Westermarck 2744:Westermarck effect 2733:longitudinal study 2680: 2485: 2431: 2419: 2329:Judith Rich Harris 2325:Literature reviews 2164: 2152:Pedro II of Brazil 2144: 2051: 2039: 1991: 1979: 1936: 1924: 1894: 823: 817:Two brothers from 718: 430:marital separation 5530: 5529: 5330: 5329: 5247:Lineal descendant 5217:Bilateral descent 4970:Great-grandparent 4855:Matrifocal family 4735:Media related to 4612:Child Development 4335:Child Development 4255:Child Development 2860:Significant other 2769:shim-pua marriage 2754:sexual attraction 2616:Implicit theories 2407: 2406: 2399: 2180:pseudo-psychology 2102:less than 47.8%. 2038: 1978: 1923: 1893: 1861: 1860: 1847: 1846: 1398: 1397: 1387: 1386: 1164: 1163: 1155: 1154: 963:Adoptive siblings 811: 810: 803: 660: 659: 617:Power and control 341: 340: 337: 336: 209:Significant other 189:Mixed-orientation 49: 16:(Redirected from 5560: 5512:Astronaut family 5283: 5184:Iroquois kinship 5174:Sudanese kinship 5169:Hawaiian kinship 5144:Family of choice 4975:Great-grandchild 4850:Immediate family 4807: 4800: 4793: 4784: 4779: 4771: 4759: 4751: 4734: 4720: 4690: 4689: 4679: 4655: 4649: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4607: 4592: 4591: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4515: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4443: 4432:10.1037/a0033207 4411: 4405: 4404: 4385:10.1037/a0036990 4368: 4359: 4358: 4330: 4317: 4316: 4296: 4279: 4278: 4250: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4188:. Archived from 4182: 4176: 4163: 4154: 4141: 4132: 4122:New Baby Sibling 4119: 4113: 4100: 4094: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4053: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4005: 3999: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3866: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3842:. Archived from 3831: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3789: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3757: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3651: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3608: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3576: 3565: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3552:. Archived from 3541: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3506: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3478: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3436: 3426:"foster brother" 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3412: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3388: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3330:"brother-in-law" 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3287: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3247: 3229: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3188: 3170: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3088: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3055: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3028: 3019: 3013: 3012: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2955: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2909:. Archived from 2907:Psychology Today 2898: 2782:Immediate family 2589:-Clingy Children 2439:security blanket 2417:and his brothers 2402: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2382: 2351: 2343: 2293:Confluence model 2060: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2040: 2031: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1945: 1943: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1916: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1886: 1409: 1408: 1400: 1175: 1174: 1166: 1049: 1048: 1040: 994: 993: 806: 799: 795: 792: 786: 763: 755: 652: 645: 638: 203: 60: 43: 37: 30: 21: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5470: 5371: 5326: 5315:Seize quartiers 5281: 5222:Common ancestor 5206: 5198: 5164:Chinese kinship 5159:Nurture kinship 5149:Fictive kinship 5090: 5050: 5039:daughter-in-law 4993: 4958: 4923: 4859: 4845:Conjugal family 4840:Extended family 4816: 4811: 4769:"Brother" 4762: 4742: 4727: 4717: 4702: 4699: 4697:Further reading 4694: 4693: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4643: 4639: 4609: 4608: 4595: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4508: 4501: 4499: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4370: 4369: 4362: 4332: 4331: 4320: 4298: 4297: 4282: 4252: 4251: 4204: 4195: 4193: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4173:Wayback Machine 4164: 4157: 4151:Wayback Machine 4144:Sibling Rivalry 4142: 4135: 4129:Wayback Machine 4120: 4116: 4110:Wayback Machine 4101: 4097: 4085: 4081: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4041: 4037: 4007: 4006: 4002: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3868: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3847: 3834:Esping, Amber. 3833: 3832: 3805: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3649: 3647: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3610: 3609: 3602: 3592: 3590: 3578: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3557: 3546:"Consanguinity" 3543: 3542: 3538: 3529: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3504: 3502: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3458: 3456: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3434: 3432: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3410: 3408: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3386: 3384: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3362: 3360: 3354:"sister-in-law" 3352: 3351: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3314: 3312: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3285: 3283: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3134: 3125: 3123: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3051: 3043: 3042: 3038: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3016: 2998:10.2307/2331507 2972: 2971: 2967: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2916: 2914: 2900: 2899: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2777: 2748:Anthropologist 2746: 2728: 2716: 2707: 2672: 2659: 2646: 2637: 2628:Fixed Theorists 2618: 2601: 2599:Parental effect 2569: 2546: 2540: 2535: 2529: 2509:Oedipus complex 2482:Joshua Reynolds 2480:(1773–1775) by 2469: 2467:Sibling rivalry 2463: 2403: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2368: 2352: 2341: 2295: 2276: 2271: 2253: 2234: 2208: 2188: 2130: 2124: 2095: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2018: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1958: 1955:identical twins 1951:Fraternal twins 1910: 1909: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1873: 1866: 1855: 1853: 1393: 991: 990: 974:Siblings-in-law 944: 807: 796: 790: 787: 776: 764: 753: 726:emotional bonds 716:(male sibling). 671: 656: 627: 626: 587: 577: 576: 562:Sexual activity 525: 517: 516: 460: 450: 449: 416: 408: 407: 351: 343: 342: 333: 309: 295:Mutual monogamy 176: 155: 57: 42: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5566: 5564: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5535: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5429: 5428: 5427: 5420:Children's Day 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5302: 5297: 5295:Pedigree chart 5291: 5289: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5262:Patrilineality 5259: 5257:Matrilineality 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5179:Eskimo kinship 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5100: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5060: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5031: 5029:Sibling-in-law 5026: 5021: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5003: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4977: 4972: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4956: 4951: 4942: 4937: 4931: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4869: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4835:Nuclear family 4832: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4809: 4802: 4795: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4766:, ed. (1911). 4764:Chisholm, Hugh 4760: 4749:"Sister" 4746:, ed. (1911). 4744:Chisholm, Hugh 4740: 4726: 4725:External links 4723: 4722: 4721: 4716:978-1594486111 4715: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4670:(3): 503–515. 4650: 4637: 4618:(4): 990–994. 4593: 4574:(5): 514–522. 4558: 4539:(5): 737–745. 4523: 4455: 4426:(2): 600–610. 4406: 4379:(4): 529–537. 4360: 4341:(3): 938–954. 4318: 4307:(3): 488–511. 4280: 4261:(2): 581–600. 4202: 4177: 4155: 4133: 4114: 4095: 4079: 4068:(4): 498–509. 4048: 4035: 4016:(2): 211–245. 4000: 3987: 3961: 3942: 3915:(1): 117–127. 3899: 3880: 3856: 3803: 3781: 3769: 3720: 3691: 3656: 3632: 3600: 3566: 3536: 3511: 3500:www.nnc.gov.ph 3486: 3465: 3441: 3417: 3393: 3369: 3345: 3321: 3292: 3259: 3220:(3): 537–547. 3200: 3141: 3132: 3108: 3059: 3036: 3014: 2965: 2942: 2924: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2878: 2877: 2876: 2871: 2857: 2855:Sibling-in-law 2852: 2847: 2836: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2817:Multiple birth 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2745: 2742: 2727: 2724: 2715: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2671: 2668: 2658: 2655: 2645: 2642: 2636: 2635:Different ages 2633: 2617: 2614: 2600: 2597: 2568: 2565: 2539: 2536: 2528: 2525: 2465:Main article: 2462: 2459: 2425:Four Sisters ( 2405: 2404: 2355: 2353: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2316:Frank Sulloway 2312: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2207: 2204: 2192:Francis Galton 2187: 2184: 2172:pop psychology 2126:Main article: 2123: 2120: 2094: 2091: 2048: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2028: 1988: 1983: 1977: 1974: 1968: 1933: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1892: 1889: 1883: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1405: 1404: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1171: 1170: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1091: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1045: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1033:Cross-siblings 1030: 1012: 1002: 983: 982: 970: 960: 943: 940: 809: 808: 767: 765: 758: 752: 749: 658: 657: 655: 654: 647: 640: 632: 629: 628: 625: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 588: 583: 582: 579: 578: 575: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 548: 547: 542: 537: 526: 523: 522: 519: 518: 515: 514: 509: 504: 503: 502: 497: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 461: 456: 455: 452: 451: 448: 447: 442: 437: 432: 423: 417: 414: 413: 410: 409: 406: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 379: 378: 376:Bachelor's Day 368: 363: 358: 352: 349: 348: 345: 344: 339: 338: 335: 334: 332: 331: 326: 321: 316: 310: 308: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 276: 273: 272: 262: 261: 260: 259: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 199: 198: 194: 193: 192: 191: 186: 185: 184: 182:Group marriage 175: 174: 173: 172: 167: 156: 154: 153: 148: 147: 146: 141: 130: 127: 126: 119: 118: 117: 116: 111: 106: 101: 100: 99: 94: 84: 79: 71: 70: 58: 55: 54: 51: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5565: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5482:Single parent 5480: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5467: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5335:Relationships 5333: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5277:Royal descent 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5194:Omaha kinship 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5124:Consanguinity 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5093: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5024:Parent-in-law 5022: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4999:Family-in-law 4996: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4801: 4796: 4794: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4777: 4776: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4750: 4745: 4741: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4687: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4527: 4524: 4519: 4513: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4459: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4410: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4192:on 2012-02-04 4191: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4090: 4083: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4004: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3962: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3943: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3884: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3846:on 2020-02-14 3845: 3841: 3837: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3773: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3724: 3721: 3708: 3707: 3702: 3695: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3660: 3657: 3646: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3620: 3619: 3614: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3556:on 2021-03-05 3555: 3551: 3547: 3540: 3537: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3512: 3501: 3497: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3383: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3346: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3322: 3311:on 2019-08-02 3310: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3142: 3136: 3133: 3122: 3121:UK Parliament 3118: 3112: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3060: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2974:Pearson, Karl 2969: 2966: 2961: 2960: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2937:www.bcbst.com 2934: 2928: 2925: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2822:List of twins 2820: 2819: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2734: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2720:only children 2713: 2711: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2676: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2643: 2641: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2624: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2607: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2537: 2534: 2527:Relationships 2526: 2524: 2522: 2521:kin selection 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2505:Sigmund Freud 2500: 2496: 2494: 2493:sibling abuse 2490: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2450: 2447: 2442: 2440: 2434: 2429:, about 1900) 2428: 2423: 2416: 2411: 2401: 2398: 2390: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2356:This section 2354: 2350: 2345: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2320:Born To Rebel 2317: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2298:Robert Zajonc 2292: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2257: 2250: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2219:Primogeniture 2217: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2129: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2103: 2100: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2046: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2015: 2013: 2008: 2004: 1986: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1966: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1917: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1870: 1869:Consanguinity 1863: 1851: 1850: 1844: 1791: 1789: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1689: 1644: 1641: 1625: 1623: 1615: 1613: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1577: 1553: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1487: 1485: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1391: 1390: 1384: 1360: 1357: 1349: 1347: 1346: 1319: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1268: 1265: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1237: 1229: 1227: 1219: 1217: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1159: 1158: 1152: 1133: 1130: 1122: 1120: 1119: 1098: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1072: 1070: 1069: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1015:Milk siblings 1013: 1010: 1006: 1003: 1000: 996: 988: 987: 986: 985:Not related: 980: 976: 975: 971: 968: 964: 961: 958: 954: 953: 949: 948: 947: 941: 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 897: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 875:half-brothers 872: 868: 867:Half-siblings 864: 861: 860:twin language 857: 853: 849: 845: 844:full-siblings 840: 838: 834: 833: 828: 820: 815: 805: 802: 794: 784: 780: 774: 773: 768:This section 766: 762: 757: 756: 750: 748: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 723: 715: 711: 706: 702: 700: 696: 693:sibling is a 692: 688: 685:sibling is a 684: 680: 676: 669: 665: 653: 648: 646: 641: 639: 634: 633: 631: 630: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 589: 586: 581: 580: 573: 570: 568: 567:Transgression 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 532: 531: 528: 527: 521: 520: 513: 510: 508: 505: 501: 500:Unconditional 498: 496: 493: 492: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 462: 459: 454: 453: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 427: 424: 422: 419: 418: 412: 411: 404: 401: 399: 398:Singles event 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 377: 374: 373: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 353: 347: 346: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 311: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 277: 275: 274: 271: 267: 263: 257: 253: 249: 245: 242: 240: 239:Queerplatonic 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 206: 205: 204: 201: 200: 195: 190: 187: 183: 180: 179: 178: 177: 171: 168: 166: 163: 162: 161: 158: 157: 152: 151:Open marriage 149: 145: 142: 140: 137: 136: 135: 132: 131: 129: 128: 125: 120: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 98: 95: 93: 90: 89: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 74: 73: 72: 69: 65: 61: 53: 52: 47: 41: 40:Relationships 36: 31: 19: 5415:Parents' Day 5405:Siblings Day 5395:Father's Day 5383:Mother's Day 5367:Polyfidelity 5362:Filial piety 5287:Family trees 5189:Crow kinship 5139:Estrangement 5034:Child-in-law 4954:Niece/Nephew 4906: 4773: 4753: 4705: 4667: 4663: 4653: 4645: 4640: 4615: 4611: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4536: 4532: 4526: 4512:cite journal 4500:. Retrieved 4472: 4468: 4458: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4376: 4372: 4338: 4334: 4304: 4300: 4258: 4254: 4194:. Retrieved 4190:the original 4180: 4117: 4098: 4087: 4082: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4043: 4038: 4013: 4009: 4003: 3995: 3990: 3978:. Retrieved 3974: 3964: 3955: 3951: 3945: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3877:(1): 75–106. 3874: 3870: 3848:. Retrieved 3844:the original 3839: 3795: 3772: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3711:. Retrieved 3704: 3694: 3672:(1): 43–50. 3669: 3665: 3659: 3648:. Retrieved 3644: 3635: 3623:. Retrieved 3616: 3591:. Retrieved 3584: 3558:. Retrieved 3554:the original 3549: 3539: 3528:. Retrieved 3525:the Guardian 3524: 3514: 3503:. Retrieved 3499: 3489: 3480: 3468: 3457:. Retrieved 3453: 3444: 3433:. Retrieved 3429: 3420: 3409:. Retrieved 3405: 3396: 3385:. Retrieved 3381: 3378:"co-brother" 3372: 3361:. Retrieved 3357: 3348: 3337:. Retrieved 3333: 3324: 3313:. Retrieved 3309:the original 3304: 3295: 3284:. Retrieved 3273:The Guardian 3272: 3262: 3217: 3213: 3203: 3158: 3154: 3144: 3135: 3124:. Retrieved 3120: 3111: 3079:(1): 27–37. 3076: 3072: 3062: 3052:, retrieved 3048: 3039: 3030: 3017: 3009: 2989: 2985: 2968: 2957: 2945: 2936: 2927: 2917:November 28, 2915:. Retrieved 2911:the original 2906: 2812:Step-sibling 2802:Siblings Day 2747: 2729: 2717: 2708: 2681: 2663:social skill 2660: 2651: 2647: 2638: 2627: 2622: 2619: 2610: 2602: 2592: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2570: 2547: 2501: 2497: 2486: 2475: 2451: 2443: 2435: 2432: 2427:Frank Eugene 2393: 2384: 2369:Please help 2357: 2333: 2319: 2313: 2296: 2277: 2258: 2254: 2211: 2210:In his book 2209: 2200:Alfred Adler 2189: 2169: 2165: 2136: 2104: 2096: 2063: 2016: 2003:Twin studies 1948: 1867: 1032: 1023:milk kinship 1014: 1005:God siblings 1004: 989: 984: 978: 972: 962: 952:Stepsiblings 950: 945: 932:donated eggs 926: 916: 894: 890: 889:siblings or 886: 882: 881:siblings or 878: 874: 871:half-sisters 870: 866: 865: 851: 847: 843: 842:Siblings or 841: 836: 830: 826: 824: 797: 788: 777:Please help 772:verification 769: 738: 719: 674: 672: 305:Polyfidelity 290:Non-monogamy 234:Life partner 224:Cohabitation 108: 5242:Inheritance 5227:Family name 5086:Stepsibling 4980:Great-uncle 4935:Grandparent 4709:. Penguin. 3958:(1): 60–61. 3402:"co-sister" 2698:risk factor 2176:personality 2128:Birth order 2122:Birth order 1027:Islamic law 999:foster home 901:inheritance 896:consanguine 837:Geschwister 751:Definitions 734:personality 730:birth order 722:foster care 530:Bride price 388:Meet market 319:Concubinage 104:Grandparent 5537:Categories 5487:Only child 5432:Family Day 5305:Ahnentafel 5267:Progenitor 5129:Disownment 5074:stepmother 5069:stepfather 5064:Stepparent 5056:Stepfamily 5044:son-in-law 4984:Great-aunt 4940:Grandchild 4475:: 103525. 4196:2007-07-15 3998:, Vol. 55. 3850:2014-11-15 3650:2021-03-02 3560:2021-03-02 3530:2018-10-29 3505:2023-06-22 3459:2021-03-10 3435:2021-03-10 3411:2021-03-10 3387:2021-03-10 3363:2021-03-10 3339:2021-03-10 3315:2019-08-02 3286:2019-08-02 3126:2015-08-03 3054:2023-06-22 2992:(4): 369. 2986:Biometrika 2978:Lee, Alice 2883:References 2868:girlfriend 2738:confounder 2693:self-worth 2691:, lack of 2689:depression 2559:, relief, 2542:See also: 2489:aggression 979:co-sibling 957:stepparent 905:common law 832:Biometrika 791:April 2023 699:only child 572:Repression 557:Infidelity 470:Attachment 371:Engagement 350:Activities 244:Friendship 219:Girlfriend 197:Partner(s) 5497:Godparent 5204:Genealogy 5081:Stepchild 4830:Household 4553:144899282 4497:209385053 4046:Springer. 4030:233320874 3740:: 75–95. 3645:isogg.org 3281:0261-3077 3236:1365-2540 3177:1664-8021 2864:boyfriend 2807:Sladdbarn 2387:July 2008 2358:does not 2156:Francisca 2012:heritable 825:The word 552:Hypergamy 524:Practices 512:Sexuality 485:Limerence 445:Widowhood 435:Annulment 361:Courtship 324:Courtesan 300:Polyamory 252:cross-sex 214:Boyfriend 165:Polyandry 5376:Holidays 5300:Genogram 5237:Heredity 5232:Heirloom 5154:Marriage 5119:Affinity 5114:Adoption 4900:daughter 4737:Siblings 4632:10446731 4588:10507140 4489:31838314 4450:23772819 4401:44281287 4393:24866727 4355:23278528 4275:11949910 4169:Archived 4147:Archived 4125:Archived 4106:Archived 3980:July 15, 3929:16317193 3800:. Wiley. 3764:23988118 3713:5 August 3625:5 August 3593:5 August 3254:33452467 3214:Heredity 3195:31068965 3103:31514697 3095:24330841 2980:(1903). 2775:See also 2644:Conflict 2549:Jealousy 2538:Jealousy 2318:’s book 2196:eminence 2160:Januária 2150:Emperor 1686:Magnolea 995:siblings 967:adoptive 928:Diblings 852:brothers 689:, and a 622:Stalking 602:Domestic 495:Platonic 480:Jealousy 475:Intimacy 465:Affinity 329:Mistress 314:Cicisbeo 285:Monogamy 266:Intimate 248:romantic 229:Same-sex 170:Polygyny 160:Polygamy 124:marriage 68:adoptive 18:Siblings 5543:Sibling 5475:Related 5209:lineage 5134:Divorce 5104:Kinship 5017:husband 4912:brother 4907:Sibling 4825:History 4441:3797172 3937:5791756 3755:4037293 3686:3268242 3245:8027836 3186:6491861 3161:: 341. 3006:2331507 2827:Triplet 2765:kibbutz 2762:Israeli 2685:anxiety 2606:emotion 2587:Anxious 2567:Newborn 2561:sadness 2461:Rivalry 2415:newborn 2379:removed 2364:sources 2186:History 2116:meiosis 2114:during 2071:cousins 1191:Anthony 1066:Anthony 1025:and in 913:England 879:uterine 848:sisters 827:sibling 714:brother 687:brother 675:sibling 607:Elderly 545:service 507:Passion 440:Divorce 421:Breakup 415:Endings 403:Wedding 393:Romance 356:Bonding 246: ( 139:Husband 109:Sibling 77:Kinship 64:Genetic 46:Outline 5548:Family 5517:Incest 5437:Canada 5007:Spouse 4989:Cousin 4917:sister 4883:father 4878:mother 4873:Parent 4814:Family 4713: 4686:672994 4684: 4630: 4586: 4551: 4502:18 May 4495: 4487: 4448: 4438: 4399: 4391: 4353: 4273: 4028: 3935: 3927: 3762: 3752: 3684: 3279: 3252: 3242: 3234: 3193: 3183: 3175: 3101: 3093: 3045:"twin" 3004: 2874:Spouse 2850:Friend 2845:Cousin 2838:Other 2657:Warmth 2578:secure 2206:Galton 2162:, 1839 2087:nephew 1828:Janine 1666:Aserna 1463:Belina 1289:Edwina 1279:Corina 1059:Agatha 1036:other. 1019:nursed 992:Foster 887:agnate 710:sister 695:sister 691:female 679:parent 597:Dating 383:Mating 366:Dating 280:Casual 270:sexual 134:Spouse 114:Cousin 97:mother 92:father 87:Parent 82:Family 5425:Japan 4945:Uncle 4890:Child 4682:JSTOR 4549:S2CID 4493:S2CID 4397:S2CID 4026:S2CID 3933:S2CID 3477:(PDF) 3099:S2CID 3027:(PDF) 3002:JSTOR 2954:(PDF) 2862:(SO; 2557:anger 2232:Adler 2083:niece 2079:uncle 1841:Jakob 1823:Julia 1810:Jaden 1805:Jrake 1676:Agnia 1661:Abram 1656:Venia 1651:Efram 1646:Erika 1429:Abiga 1412:Egres 1377:Frank 1372:Emily 1367:David 1362:Donna 1284:Bobby 1186:Alice 1145:Cyrus 1140:Betty 1135:Bryan 936:sperm 856:Twins 819:Haiti 592:Child 585:Abuse 540:dowry 535:dower 426:Legal 56:Types 5388:U.S. 5272:Clan 5207:and 5012:wife 4949:Aunt 4711:ISBN 4628:PMID 4584:PMID 4518:link 4504:2021 4485:PMID 4446:PMID 4389:PMID 4351:PMID 4271:PMID 3982:2007 3925:PMID 3896:(1). 3760:PMID 3715:2024 3682:PMID 3627:2024 3595:2024 3277:ISSN 3250:PMID 3232:ISSN 3191:PMID 3173:ISSN 3091:PMID 2919:2006 2832:Twin 2553:fear 2519:and 2452:The 2444:The 2362:any 2360:cite 2198:and 2158:and 2081:and 2075:aunt 1681:Bein 1434:Abal 1274:Bert 1052:Adam 683:male 490:Love 268:and 256:zone 144:Wife 4895:son 4672:doi 4620:doi 4576:doi 4572:133 4541:doi 4477:doi 4436:PMC 4428:doi 4381:doi 4343:doi 4309:doi 4263:doi 4070:doi 4018:doi 3917:doi 3750:PMC 3742:doi 3674:doi 3240:PMC 3222:doi 3218:126 3181:PMC 3163:doi 3081:doi 2994:doi 2866:or 2373:by 2262:IQs 2139:by 2061:). 2001:). 1946:). 1671:Zak 934:or 873:or 850:or 781:by 122:By 66:or 5539:: 5459:UK 4772:. 4752:. 4680:. 4668:72 4666:. 4662:. 4626:. 4616:70 4614:. 4596:^ 4582:. 4570:. 4547:. 4537:22 4535:. 4514:}} 4510:{{ 4491:. 4483:. 4473:97 4471:. 4467:. 4444:. 4434:. 4424:50 4422:. 4418:. 4395:. 4387:. 4377:28 4375:. 4363:^ 4349:. 4339:84 4337:. 4321:^ 4305:17 4303:. 4283:^ 4269:. 4259:73 4257:. 4205:^ 4158:^ 4136:^ 4066:32 4064:. 4060:. 4024:. 4014:19 4012:. 3973:. 3956:68 3954:. 3931:. 3923:. 3913:32 3911:. 3894:68 3892:. 3875:68 3873:. 3859:^ 3838:. 3806:^ 3784:^ 3758:. 3748:. 3738:47 3736:. 3732:. 3703:. 3680:. 3668:. 3643:. 3615:. 3603:^ 3583:. 3569:^ 3548:. 3523:. 3498:. 3479:. 3452:. 3428:. 3404:. 3380:. 3356:. 3332:. 3303:. 3275:. 3271:. 3248:. 3238:. 3230:. 3216:. 3212:. 3189:. 3179:. 3171:. 3159:10 3157:. 3153:. 3119:. 3097:. 3089:. 3077:17 3075:. 3071:. 3047:, 3008:. 3000:. 2988:. 2984:. 2976:; 2956:. 2935:. 2905:. 2891:^ 2771:. 2687:, 2555:, 2441:. 2413:A 2089:. 846:( 732:, 708:A 701:. 673:A 254:/ 250:/ 4982:/ 4947:/ 4806:e 4799:t 4792:v 4719:. 4688:. 4674:: 4634:. 4622:: 4590:. 4578:: 4555:. 4543:: 4520:) 4506:. 4479:: 4452:. 4430:: 4403:. 4383:: 4357:. 4345:: 4315:. 4311:: 4277:. 4265:: 4199:. 4076:. 4072:: 4032:. 4020:: 3984:. 3939:. 3919:: 3853:. 3766:. 3744:: 3717:. 3688:. 3676:: 3670:3 3653:. 3629:. 3597:. 3563:. 3533:. 3508:. 3462:. 3438:. 3414:. 3390:. 3366:. 3342:. 3318:. 3256:. 3224:: 3197:. 3165:: 3129:. 3105:. 3083:: 2996:: 2990:2 2962:. 2921:. 2870:) 2400:) 2394:( 2389:) 2385:( 2381:. 2367:. 2085:- 2077:- 2047:2 2042:) 2036:2 2033:1 2027:( 1987:0 1982:) 1976:2 1973:1 1967:( 1932:2 1927:) 1921:2 1918:1 1912:( 1907:+ 1902:2 1897:) 1891:2 1888:1 1882:( 1029:. 981:. 869:( 821:. 804:) 798:( 793:) 789:( 775:. 670:. 651:e 644:t 637:v 428:/ 258:) 48:) 44:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index