179:. He also became active in Jewish causes, joining his local B’nai B’rith lodge. He grew increasingly concerned at what he saw as pervasive stereotyping of Jews, and after walking out on a theater performance in Chicago where he felt that Jews were being caricatured, he decided to form an organization to refute anti-Jewish stereotypes. He discussed the situation with a fellow attorney,
218:, at the age of 73. He was survived by his wife Hilda and a son Richard. In appreciation for his many years of service, B’nai B’rith established ten fellowships in his memory. The original awards were $ 2000, with the money going to students who agreed to do research into prejudice and study “racial and cultural relations”.
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s apologized and agreed to change the definition in the next edition. In 1944, Livingston also wrote a book that refuted some of the most common anti-Jewish myths, especially those used by the Nazis. “Must Men Hate?” received a number of favorable reviews, including one that called it an “impressive”
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throughout the United States, through speaking engagements and conferences. Under his leadership, the Anti-Defamation League was able to address stereotypes in the popular culture, as well as in academia. For example, in 1930, the ADL was able to persuade the compilers of
151:(New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1944). The League's annual Sigmund Livingston Award, which recognizes individuals for outstanding contributions to furthering civil rights and fighting injustice, is named after him, as is its Sigmund Livingston
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After graduation from
Illinois Wesleyan Law School in 1894, Livingston began an active thirty year law practice in Bloomington, Illinois. He moved to Chicago and in 1929 became a partner in Lederer, Livingston, Kahn and Adler (now known as
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He continued his campaign for civil rights and his fight against injustice. In 1942, Henry Ford turned to him for assistance when the media charged him with antisemitism.
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195:‘’ to remove an objectionable portion from its pages: it has defined “Jew” as synonymous with “cunning, rich, usurer, extortioner, heretic.” The editors of ‘’Roget’’
183:, the president of B’nai B’rith, and on September 17, 1913, Livingston founded the Anti-Defamation League, at that time a committee of the Chicago B’nai B’rith.
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After many years as an attorney and as head of the ADL, Livingston retired, and he died on June 13, 1946, in
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Hutchings, Harold (May 9, 1956). "B'nai B'rith One of Oldest Lodges in the United States".
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Livingston was known as a tireless advocate for tolerance, speaking out against
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Jordan-Smith, Paul (June 25, 1944). "I'll Be the Judge, You Be the Jury".
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Sigmund
Livingston Obituary, Chicago Tribune, June 15, 1946, p. 20.
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331:"Disparaging Reference To Jew Removed From Roget's Dictionary".
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Müller, Hanno (2012): Juden in Gießen 1788-1942, Gießen, 392.
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Founding of ADL from perspective of
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246:"Chief Ramsey Receives ADL's Sigmund Livingston Award"
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Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States
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335:. Newark NJ. September 19, 1930. p. 5.
301:"Jews Organize An Anti-Defamation League".
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305:. September 18, 1913. p. 8.
286:"Anti-Defamation League Is 40".
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408:Sigmund Livingston - Pantagraph
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383:. August 7, 1949. p. 63.
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379:"Livingston Awards Made".
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493:(1987–2015)
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481:(1948–1978)
475:(1925–1929)
469:(1913–1925)
181:Adolf Kraus
139:working in
80:Nationality
613:Categories
590:Defamation
232:References
153:Fellowship
35:1872-12-27
597:Prejudice
521:(founder)
258:cite news
544:Activity
177:attorney
137:attorney
131:American
113:Children
84:American
69:Illinois
577:Related
499:(2015–)
141:Chicago
165:Gießen
134:Jewish
129:-born
127:German
105:Spouse
88:German
43:Gießen
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73:U.S.
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